Universidad de San Buenaventura

Programa de Ingeniería Aeronáutica FCBI

Primer Taller de Motores a reacción I 2019-2

MOTORES A REACCIÓN I

Procedure and result carry 40% and 60% of the total mark respectively.
You will be penalized for every error in units with -0.2 points.

1) Air flow through at jet engine at a rate of 30 kg/s and the fuel flow rate is 1 kg/s.
The exhaust gases leaves the nozzle with a relative velocity of 610 𝑚⁄s. Pressure
equilibrium exists over the exit plane. What is the velocity of the airplane if the
power is 1.12*^6 W. consider unchocked flow.

http://www.aviationandengineering.com/p/gas-turbine.html

2) The idling turbojet engines of a landing airplane produce forward thrust when
operating in a normal manner, but they can produce reverse thrust if the jet is
properly deflected. Suppose that, while the aircraft rolls down the runaway at
100mph, the idling engine consumes air at 100 lbm/s and produces and exhaust
velocity of 450 ft/s, then:
a. What is the forward thrust of the engine?
b. What is the magnitude and direction (forward or reverse) if the exhaust is
deflected 90° and if the flow mass is kept constant?
c. Express your results in SI and English units.

http://www.ato.ru/content/magnetic-mro-pristupil-k-remontu-dvigateley-bez-snyatiya-s-kryla

3) A turbojet engine is powering a fighter airplane. Its cruise altitude and Mach number
are 10 Km and 0.8, respectively. The exhaust gases leave nozzle at a speed of
570 m⁄s and a pressure of 0.6 bar. The exhaust nozzle characterized by the ratio
Ae
= 0.006 m2 ∗ s⁄ . The fuel -to-air ratio is 0.02. It is required to calculate:
ṁ a kg

𝑇
a. The specific thrust (m )
a
b. The propulsive efficiency

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4) A typical single-spool axial flow turbojet engine is shown below. It is required to
calculate the distribution of the thrust force for each component (compressor,
diffuser, combustion chamber, turbine jet pipe, and nozzle) during ground run.

Prove that the sum of these thrust forces is equal to the thrust force developed by
the engine using the usual thrust force equation. (The fuel-air ratio is neglected).

Compressor diffuser CC Turbine Jet pipe Nozzle

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Outlet area m 0.117 0.132 0.374 0.310 0.420 0.214
Outlet velocity 124 112 94 271 196 584
m⁄
s
Outlet gage 648 655 641 145 145 41
pressure (Kpas)
Mass flow rate 69.4 69.4 69.4 69.4 69.4 69.4
kg⁄
s

5) A turbo fan engine is powering an aircraft flying at Mach number 0.9, at an altitude
of 33000 ft, where the ambient temperature and pressure are −50.4℃ and 26.2
Kpas. The engine Bypass ratio is 3, and hot airflow passing through the engine
kg
core is 22.7 ⁄s. Some analysis provided the following results:

Pec = 55.26 Kpas Uec = 339.7 m⁄s Aec = 0.299m2

Peh = 32.56 Kpas Ueh = 452 m⁄s Aeh = 0.229m2

f = 0.015

Remember that:

̇
𝝉 = 𝑚̇ℎ [(1 + 𝑓)U eh − Uec ] + 𝑚̇𝑐 (Uec − 𝑈) + Aeh (Peh − Pa ) + Aec (Pec − Pa )
Where:
𝑚̇ℎ = Air mass flow passing through the hot section of the engine (core)
𝑚̇𝑐 = Air mass flow passing through the fan (cold section)

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 Uec = Velocity of cold air leaving the fan nozzle
Peh = Exhaust pressure of the hot stream
Pec = Exhaust pressure of the cold stream
Aeh = Exit area for the hot section
Aec = Exit area for the cold section
𝑚̇
𝛽 (𝑏𝑦𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜) = 𝑚̇ 𝑐 = It is the ration between the cold and hot air streams
ℎ

Calculate the thrust force and propulsive efficiency

6) A Boeing 747 Aircraft is powered by four (4) CF-6 turbofan engines, and each is
considered as chocked. Each engine has the following data:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sv5C5I67SNA

Thrust force 24 KN
Air mass flow rate kg⁄
125 s
Bypass ratio 5
Fuel mass flow rate kg
0.75 ⁄s
Operating Mach number 0.8
Altitude 10 Km
Ambient temperature 223.2K
Ambient pressure 26.4 kPas
FCV kJ
42800 ⁄kg

If the thrust generated by the fan is 75% of the total thrust, determine:
a) The jet velocities of the cold air and hot gases
b) The specific thrust (T⁄ṁ )
a
c) The propulsive efficiency (η𝑝 )
d) The thermal efficiency (ηth )
e) The overall efficiency (η𝑝 ∗ ηth )

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 ṁf⁄
f) The specific fuel consumption ( T)

7) A military Aircraft powered by a turbojet is flying at Mach number 0.9 at 10 Km where the
static pressure and temperature are 48438.32 Pas and 223K, respectively. For
mathematics calculation, take a least nine (4) decimals after the decimal point.

B C D E

GAS PARAMETERS AT INLET AND OUTLET CONDITIONS

B. Camber C. Turbine D. Jet pipe E. Nozzle
combustion
Inlet Area 0.273 m2 ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
2 2 2
Outlet Area 0.210 m 0.201 m 0.310 m f. __________

Outlet 425.0985 m⁄s 1163.0749 m⁄s d. __________ f. __________

Velocity
Outlet static b. __________ c. __________ c. __________ e. __________
Pressure
Mass flow a. ___________ a. ___________ a. ___________ a. ___________
(gases)
Static ------------------ 705 K 705 K 532 K
Temperature

The air coming from the HP compressor and a entering at the Camber combustion (B), has
the following characteristics:

Inlet Mach (at the inlet of cc) 0.31

Static Temperature (at the 520K
inlet of cc)
Density (at the inlet of cc) kg⁄
5.4395 s
cp 1.4
Y ( ⁄cg)
R (air specific constant) J
287 ⁄Kg ∗ K

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 QHV kJ
42800 ⁄Kg

The combustion within the camber combustion is considered ideal (i.e. no pressure losses
occurs); therefore, the static pressure at the inlet and outlet of the camber combustion are the
same. The mass flow conservation should be considered. Then, calculate the following
parameters:

a) Find the mass flow of combustion gases (mġ ) is the fuel to air ratio is 0.028. Assume
the mass flow of gases constant through the cc, turbine, jet pipe and nozzle. [6 Marks]
b) Find the static pressure of the air at the inlet of the camber combustion and assume
this pressure as the same for combustion gases at the outlet of the cc. [4 Marks]
c) Calculate the static pressure of the gases at the outlet of the turbine by assuming the
following conditions: [4 Marks]

Static Temperature (inlet of 705K

cc)
cp 1.4
Y ( ⁄cg)
R (air specific constant) J
287 ⁄Kg ∗ K
𝜌 (density) Constant through the core
(should be calculated)

Note: Assume that the outlet static pressure of the turbine is the same at the outlet of
the jet pipe.

d) By considering constant mass flow and constant density, find the velocity of the gases
at the outlet of the jet pipe. [4 Marks]
e) Calculate the static pressure at the outlet of the nozzle (Pe ) if the static temperature of
the exhausted gases has been reduced to 532K. [4 Marks]
f) If the exhaust gases is expelled in the nozzle at Mach 2.4, find the velocity of the
exhausted gases (Ue ) at the outlet of the nozzle and the area (Ae )of this element. [4
Marks]
g) Calculate the Net thrust of the turbojet. [4 Marks]
h) Find the propulsive efficiency of the turbojet. [3 Marks]
i) Find the Thermal efficiency and TSFC of the turbojet. [3 Marks]
j) Plot the following graphs:
 Thrust vs flight speed (Take at least 8 parameters)
 Thrust Vs altitude (take into consideration 5 data, static pressure and
temperature should be changed)
 Thermal and propulsive efficiency VS flight velocity
k) Explain your results and relevant data found. [4 Marks]

8) The JT9D high bypass ratio turbofan engine at maximum static power (Vo = 0) at sea level,
standard day (Po = 14.696 PSI, To = 518.7 °R ) has the following data:
Air mass flow rate through the core is247 lbm /m, the air mass flow rate through the fan
bypass duct is1248lbm /s, the exit velocity from the core is1190 ft/s, the exit velocity form
the bypass duct is 885 ft/s, and the fuel flow rate into the combustor is 15570lbm /h. For
the case of exhaust pressure equal to ambient pressure(Po = Pe ), estimate the following:
 The thrust of the engine
 The thermal efficiency of the engine (heating value of the jet is about 18400Btu/lbm
 The propulsive efficiency and TSFC of the engine

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