201206.pdf Tentamen 27 Juni 2012, Vragen: TU Delft - Offshore & Dredging Engineering - Structural Dynamics

201206.
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Tentamen 27 juni 2012, vragen
TU Delft | Offshore & Dredging Engineering | Structural Dynamics

Course: Structural Dynamics CIE 4140.
Exam: Wednesday, 27 June 2012; 14.00.
Make sure that all sheets you use contain your surname with initials and your student number.
Problem 1 (6 exam points).
This problem addresses a problem of installation at sea of an offshore facility such as a platform
or a wind turbine. A photo showing a snapshot of such an operation is given below (left). We will
consider the dynamics of a part of the system, namely the dynamics of the platform (turbine) at a
certain time interval during the lowermg operation. The model under consideration is shown
below (right).
The model consists of a straight, rigid and initially horizontal thin bar of mass m and 3 springs.
The bar models the platform. Two identical springs above the bar have stiffness k and mimic the
cables of the crane (note that these cables are highly tensioned due to the payload and their small
contraction-expansion around static equilibrium can be modelled by the linear springs). The
spring at the left of the bar represents a control cable, which is aimed to minimize vibrations of the
platform during the installation. The geometrical parameters of the model in the static equilibrium
are shown m the figure. The upper ends of the springs can move both horizontally and vertically
and their displacements are indicated in the figure.
Remark: We will analyze vibrations of the system around the static equilibrium. To account for
that, the equations of small motion of the system around this equilibrium should be written as i f no
gravity force were present. Thus, please derive the equations of motion assuming that no gravity
force acts on the bar.
1
Questions:
1. Derive equations of motion for the small planar vibrations of the bar assuming that the
upper ends of the springs are fixed, that is u (t) ^w{t) = (t) ^w^{t] = 0. Note that
three equations should be obtained here describing the horizontal, vertical and rotational
(in plane) vibrations of the bar (2 exam points).
2. Derive the stiffness and mass matrices. In the latter matrix the mass moment of inertia has
to be expressed as function of the mass and the length of the bar (0.5 exam points).
3. Derive the frequency equation from which the natural frequencies of the system can be
found. How many natural frequencies does the system have (0.5 exam points)?
4. Extend the equations of motion by taking into account the motion of the upper ends of the
springs. This extension should result in a force vector that includes three components of
the generalized forces actmg on the bar due to the motion of the upper ends of the springs
(1 exam point).
5. Find the steady-state response of the system assuming that u[t) = Usin(m),
w{t) = Wsin(m), u^{t)^U^sin{cot + (p), (?) sin(tyf-F(?7). To answer this

question it is sufficient to formulate a system(s) of linear algebraic equations. Solving
those is not required (1 exam point).
6. Derive a relation between the amplitudes and phases of the motions of the upper ends of
the springs which assure that the steady-state response of the system to the combined
excitation will be equal to zero (1 exam point).
Problem 2 (2 exam points).
This problem addresses the stability of the cables of an iced electric cable in wind, see the figure
below (left). We consider here a span of the cable, whose ends are assumed to be fixed, see the
figure below (right). The wind is assumed to blow in the direction normal to the plane of the
figure and, due to the asymmetric indeed profile of the iced cable, create a lift force in the vertical
direction.
The equation of motion that governs small vertical vibration of the cable can be written as
2
In the above equation / / is the mass per unit length of the cable (including the mass of the icicles)
and T is the tension of the cable and v is the wind speed. The last term on the right hand side of
the above equation represents the lift force, which is proportional to the wind speed and to the
vertical velocity of the cable. The proportionality coefficient A[o)) depends on the frequency CO
of vibration of the cable and is given as A[ó}) = AQ[{^CO-2COQ)^ - (ol^ , where \ and 0)^ are
positive real constants.
Questions:
7. Derive the natural frequencies of the cable vibration assuming that the effect of the lift force on
these frequencies can be neglected (0.5 exam points).
8. Derive the minimum tension of the cable that will ensure that its vibration in wind will be
stable. This question should be answered taking the lift force into account (1.5 exam points).
Problem 3 (2 exam points+ 0.5 bonus points).
This problem deals with longitudinal waves in an elastic bar. The problem statement stems from a
benchmark problem that is considered in numerical studies on the wave propagation in the bars.
We will consider a model that is shown in the figure below. It consists of two semi-infinite bars
that are connected by a spring the undisturbed length of which is L . It is assumed that a harmonic
incident wave propagates in the left bar from the minus infinity towards the spring. Note that only
the longitudinal (axial) motion of the bars is considered.
Questions:
9. Formulate the governing equations for the small longitudinal vibrations of the system. These
equations should contain equations of motion for the bars, the boundary conditions at the
infinities and the interface conditions at the elastic connection of the bars. Please do not forget
to show a reference system with respect to which the equations of motion are formulated. (1
exam point)
10. Derive the steady-state displacement of the bars caused by the incident wave. (1 exam point)
11. Using the answer to the previous question derive the amplitudes of the reflected and
transmitted waves relative to the amplitude of the incident wave in the two hmiting cases:
^ = 0 and oo and interpret the result (0.5 exam points). I f you did not manage to answer
Question 10, use the common sense to answer this bonus question (you will get 0.2 bonus
points instead of 0.5 bonus points).

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201206.

Tentamen 27 juni 2012, vragen

TU Delft | Offshore & Dredging Engineering | Structural Dynamics

Problem 1 (6 exam points).

w{t) = Wsin(m), u^{t)^U^sin{cot + (p), (?) sin(tyf-F(?7). To answer this

Problem 2 (2 exam points).

Problem 3 (2 exam points+ 0.5 bonus points).

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