Aviation Security

Aviation security
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AAKASH – 19
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Aviation industry
 The aviation industry encompasses almost all

aspects of air travel and the activities that help to
facilitate it.
 This means it includes the entire airline industry,

aircraft manufacturing, research companies,
military aviation, and much more.
History
 Aviation began in the 18th century with the development

of the hot air balloon, an apparatus capable of
atmospheric displacement through buoyancy. Some of
the most significant advancements in aviation technology
came with the controlled gliding flying of Otto
Lilienthal in 1896; then a large step in significance came
with the construction of the first powered airplane by
the Wright brothers in the early 1900s. Since that time,
aviation has been technologically revolutionized by the
introduction of the jet which permitted a major form of
transport throughout the world.
ICAO
 International Civil Aviation Organization
 The International Civil Aviation Organization is a

specialized agency of the United Nations. It changes
the principles and techniques of international air
navigation and fosters the planning and development
of international air transport to ensure safe and
orderly growth.
OBJECTIVE OF ICAO
 Air Navigation Capacity and Efficiency

 Safety
 Security & Facilitation
 Environmental Protection
 Economic Development of Air Transport
Aviation security
 Aviation security is a combination of human and

material resources to safeguard civil aviation against
unlawful interference. Unlawful interference could
be acts of terrorism, sabotage, threat to life and
property, communication of false threat, bombing,
etc.
 Airport security refers to the techniques and
methods used in an attempt to protect passengers,
staff, aircraft, and airport property from
accidental/malicious harm, crime, terrorism, and
other threats.
Equipments used
Travelers are screened by metal detectors and/or millimeter wave scanners.
Explosive detection machines used include X-ray machines and explosives trace
detection portal machines (a.k.a. "puffer machines"). In some cases, detection of
explosives can be automated using machine learning techniques.
In the United States, the TSA is working on new scanning machines that are still
effective searching for objects that are not allowed in the airplanes but that do not
depict the passengers in a state of undress that some find embarrassing. Explosive
detection machines can also be used for both carry-on and checked baggage.
Computed tomography and walk-through body scanning (Thz radiation) may also
be done. Artificial intelligence systems are also being used, for example for
translation service on information stations around the airport and for reducing the
time airplanes spend at the gate between flights (by monitoring and analyzing
everything that happens after the aircraft lands).
Authorities Incharge for Security
While some countries may have an agency that protects all of their airports
(such as Australia, in which the Australian Federal Police polices the
airport),in other countries the protection is controlled at the state or local
level. The primary personnel will vary and can include:
A police force hired and dedicated to the airport e.g. the Irish Airport Police
Service
A branch of the local police department stationed at the airport
Members of the local police department assigned to the airport as their
normal patrol area.
Members of a country's airport protection service.
Police dog services for explosive detection, drug detection and other purposes.
Other resources may include:
Security guards
Paramilitary forces
Military forces
AIRPORT SECURITY INDIA
India stepped up its airport security after the 1999 Kandahar hijacking.
The Central Industrial Security Force, a paramilitary organisation, is in charge
of airport security under the regulatory framework of the Bureau of Civil
Aviation Security (Ministry of Civil Aviation). CISF formed an Airport Security
Group to protect Indian airports. Every airport has now been given an APSU
(Airport Security Unit), a trained unit to counter unlawful interference with civil
aviation. Apart from the CISF, every domestic airline has a security group who
looks after the aircraft security.
Terrorist threats and narcotics are the main threats in Indian airports. Another
problem that some airports face is the proliferation of slums around the airport
boundaries in places like Mumbai. Before boarding, additional searching of hand
luggage is likely. Moreover, other than this, the CISF has many other duties in
context of aviation security. The cargo security and screening is done by the
Regulated Agents or airlines' and airports' own security staff who are tested and
certified by the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS), an aviation security
regulator.
Airport authority of India
The Government of India constituted the International Airports Authority of

India (IAAI) in 1972 to manage the nation's international airports while the
National Airports Authority of India (NAAI) was constituted in 1986 to look
after domestic airports.
The organisations were merged in April 1995 by an Act of Parliament,

namely, the Airports Authority of India Act, 1994 and has been constituted as
a Statutory Body and was named as Airports Authority of India (AAI).
This new organisation was to be responsible for creating, upgrading,

maintaining and managing civil aviation infrastructure both on the ground
and air space in the country.
SRAZ
security restricted area means those areas of the airside of

an airport, which are identified as priority risk areas where in
addition to access control, other security controls are applied.
Such areas will normally include, inter alia, all commercial

aviation passenger departure areas between the screening
checkpoint and the aircraft, the ramp, baggage make-up areas,
including those where aircraft are being brought into service
and screened baggage and cargo are present, cargo sheds, mail
centres, airside catering and aircraft cleaning premises
CRITICAL AREA
 In aviation, a critical area refers to a designated area of an airport that all aircraft,
vehicles, persons or physical obstructions must remain clear of when one or
more Instrument Landing Systems (ILS) are in use, to protect against
signal interference or attenuation that may lead to navigation errors, or accident.
Critical areas also protect the ILS system's internal monitoring
 ILS technology delivers two main types of information to pilots. These types include
the glideslope (vertical location relative to the designed glide path) and
the localizer (lateral position relative to the designed approach course). Each type of
information is broadcast using a separate antenna array and each type has a specific
critical area:
 Sign placed at edge of ILS critical area (often next to pavement markings)
 Localizer critical area – aircraft/vehicles/persons or physical obstructions are not
authorized in or over the critical area when an arriving aircraft is between
the ILS final approach fix and the airport.
 Glideslope critical area – aircraft/vehicles/persons or physical obstructions are not

authorized in or over the critical area when an arriving aircraft is between the ILS
final approach fix and the airport unless the aircraft has reported the airport in sight
and is circling or sidestepping to land on a runway other than the ILS runway.
India’s Economic Performance
 The rate, pattern and structure of the growth of Indian

economy have significant implications for the Air Cargo
logistics Business in India as these are highly
interconnected.
 India’s Gross Domestic Product at constant prices has
almost quadrupled in the last two decades. From a slower
average annual growth rate of 5.6% in the 1990s to a
moderately faster average annual growth rate of 7.7% in
the first decade of 2000, the growth journey has excited
many investors both in India and abroad. The latter part
of 2000s particularly in the period 2008-09 to 2010-11
recorded an average annual growth of 8.3%.
CASE STUDY
 On 24 December 1999, Indian Airlines flight IC 814

took off from Kathmandu, in Nepal, to Delhi, India.
The flight left with 180 persons on board, including
crew and passengers.
 https://youtu.be/_WZ55QJtkjs
LINKS OF SOURCES
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airport_security
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_kYvOk8SoNg
 https://www.managementstudyguide.com/case-
study-of-indian-aviation-sector.htm
 https://www.travelchannel.com/interests/airports/a
rticles/understanding-airport-security-rules
 https://youtu.be/_WZ55QJtkjs
 https://www.britannica.com/technology/airport/Air
port-security

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Aviation security

 The aviation industry encompasses almost all

 This means it includes the entire airline industry,

 Aviation began in the 18th century with the development

 International Civil Aviation Organization

 The International Civil Aviation Organization is a

 Air Navigation Capacity and Efficiency

 Aviation security is a combination of human and

The Government of India constituted the International Airports Authority of

The organisations were merged in April 1995 by an Act of Parliament,

This new organisation was to be responsible for creating, upgrading,

security restricted area means those areas of the airside of

Such areas will normally include, inter alia, all commercial

 Glideslope critical area – aircraft/vehicles/persons or physical obstructions are not

 The rate, pattern and structure of the growth of Indian

 On 24 December 1999, Indian Airlines flight IC 814

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