FORMAT : QP09 KCE/DEPT.

OF ECE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SUBJECT : COMMUNICATION THEORY

YEAR/ SEMESTER : II / IV

QUESTION BANK (EC8491)

(Version- 3)

PREPARED BY
Mrs. D. VENNILA, AP/ ECE

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EC 8491                                  COMMUNICATION THEORY                      L TPC

3  0 0  3
UNIT I AMPLITUDE MODULATION 9
Amplitude Modulation- DSBSC, DSBFC, SSB, VSB - Modulation index, Spectra, Power relations
and Bandwidth – AM Generation – Square law and Switching modulator, DSBSC Generation –
Balanced and Ring Modulator, SSB Generation – Filter, Phase Shift and Third Methods, VSB
Generation – Filter Method, Hilbert Transform, Pre-envelope & complex envelope –
comparison of different AM techniques, Superheterodyne Receiver.

UNIT II ANGLE MODULATION 9

Phase and frequency modulation, Narrow Band and Wide band FM – Modulation index,
Spectra, Power relations and Transmission Bandwidth - FM modulation –Direct and Indirect
methods, FM Demodulation – FM to AM conversion, FM Discriminator - PLL as FM
Demodulator.

UNIT III RANDOM PROCESS 9

Random variables, Random Process, Stationary Processes, Mean, Correlation & Covariance
functions, Power Spectral Density, Ergodic Processes, Gaussian Process, Transmission of a
Random Process Through a LTI filter.

UNIT IV NOISE CHARACTERIZATION 9

Noise sources – Noise figure, noise temperature and noise bandwidth – Noise in cascaded
systems. Representation of Narrow band noise –In-phase and quadrature, Envelope and
Phase –Noise performance analysis in AM & FM systems – Threshold effect, Pre-emphasis
and de- emphasis for FM.

UNIT V SAMPLING & QUANTIZATION 9

Low pass sampling – Aliasing- Signal Reconstruction-Quantization - Uniform & non-uniform
quantization - quantization noise - Logarithmic Companding –PAM, PPM, PWM, PCM – TDM,
FDM.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

SIGNATURE OF STAFF INCHARGE HOD/ECE

Mrs. D. Vennila

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

COURSE PLAN
COURSE PLAN
Sub. Code : EC 8491 Branch / Year / Sem : B.E ECE / II / IV
Sub.Name : Communication Theory Batch : 2019-2023
Staff Name : Mrs. D.Vennila Academic Year : 2020-21 (EVEN)

COURSE OBJECTIVE
1. To introduce the concepts of various analog modulations and their spectral
characteristics
2. To understand the properties of random process
3. To know the effect of noise on communication systems
4. To study the limits set by Information Theory

TEXT BOOK

T1: J.G.Proakis, M.Salehi, “Fundamentals of Communication Systems”, Pearson Education

2014. (UNIT I-IV)
T2: Simon Haykin, “Communication Systems”, 4th Edition, Wiley, 2014.(UNIT I-V)

REFERENCE BOOKS
R1: B.P.Lathi, “Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems”, 3rd Edition, Oxford
University Press, 2007.
R2. S. Haykin, “Digital Communications”, John Wiley, 2005.
R3. H P Hsu, Schaum Outline Series – “Analog and Digital Communications”, TMH 2006

WEB RESOURCES

W1. www.cse.bgu.ac.il/.../download.asp?...Ch4-Amplitude%20Modulation.ppt. .
(Topic No: 01)
W2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8Jod9AtpN4 (Topic No: 02)
W3. faculty.kfupm.edu.sa/EE/muqaibel/Courses/.../notes/.../FM%20Demodulation.ppt
(Topic No: 18)
W4. cc.ee.ntu.edu.tw/~wujsh/PC%20Chapter1.ppt (Topic No: 23)
W5. ridl.cfd.rit.edu/products/training/.../Lecture/...Noise/Lecture%20Noise.ppt
(Topic No: 30)
W6. www.ics.uci.edu/~magda/Courses/netsys270/ch4_2_v1.ppt (Topic.No: 46)

Topic Topic Books for Page No. Teaching No. of Cumulative

No Reference Methodology Hours No. of
Required periods
UNIT I AMPLITUDE MODULATION (13)
1. Amplitude Modulation - T1,W1 118-120 BB/PPT 1 1

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DSBFC SIM
2. DSBSC, SSB, VSB 1 2
T1,W2 120-121 NPTEL
3. Modulation index,
R2 95-96 BB/PPT 1 3
Spectra,
4. Power relations
R2 96-98 BB/PPT 1 4
and Bandwidth
5. AM Generation- Square
law and Switching R2 99-104 BB/PPT 1 5
modulator,
6. DSBSC Generation T1 119-120 BB/PPT 1 6
7. Balanced and Ring
T1 120-125 BB/PPT 1 7
Modulator
8. SSB Generation – Filter,
Phase Shift and Third T1 132-134 BB/PPT 2 9
Methods,
9. VSB Generation – Filter
T1 134-136 VIDEO 1 10
Method,
10. Hilbert Transform, Pre-
T1 95-97
envelope & complex VIDEO 1 11
T2 725-734
envelope
11. Comparison of different
T1 140-141 BB/PPT 1 12
AM techniques,
12. Superheterodyne
T2 128-129 VIDEO 1 13
Receiver.
LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of unit, students should be able to
 Demonstrate the generation of various AM techniques.
 Explain about the types of SSB and VSB signals .
 Describe the concept of superheterodyne receiver
UNIT II ANGLE MODULATION (9)
13. Phase and frequency
T1 170-172 BB/PPT 1 14
modulation,
14. Narrow Band and Wide
R1 214-223 VIDEO 1 15
band FM
15. Modulation index,
T1 174-179 BB/PPT 1 16
Spectra,
16. Power relations and
R2 117-119 BB/PPT 1 17
Transmission Bandwidth
17. FM modulation –Direct
T2 120-121 BB/PPT 1 18
and Indirect methods,
Topic Topic Books for Page No. Teaching No. of Cumulative
No Reference Methodology Hours No. of
Required periods
18. FM Demodulation T2, W3 121-126 PPT 1 19
19. FM to AM conversion T2 131-133 BB/PPT 1 20
20. FM Discriminator T2 127-129 VIDEO 1 21
21. PLL as FM Demodulator. T1 185-187 VIDEO 1 22

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LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of unit, students should be able to
 Explain the concept of Phase modulation and frequency modulation.
 Know about the application of PLL as FM demodulator.
 Understand the power relations and transmission bandwidth.
UNIT III RANDOM PROCESS (9)
22. Random variables T1, 214-229 BB/PPT 1 23
T2 32-33
23. Random Process PPT 1 24
T1, W4 229-235
24. Stationary Processes T2 33-34 BB/PPT 1 25
Mean, Correlation
25. T2 35-41 BB/PPT 2 27
& Covariance functions
26. Power Spectral Density T2 44-54 VIDEO 1 28
27. Ergodic Processes T2 41-42 VIDEO 1 29
28. Gaussian Process T2 54-58 BB/PPT 1 30
Transmission of a
29. Random Process through T2 42-44 VIDEO 1 31
a LTI filter.
LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of unit, students should be able to
 Understand the central limit theorem.
 Know about the Power Spectral Density of signals in communication.
 Demonstrate the Ergodic process and Gaussian process.
UNIT IV NOISE CHARACTERIZATION (10)
30. Noise sources and types T2,W5 58-64 PPT 1 32
31. Noise figure, noise
temperature and noise T1 310-314 BB/PPT 2 34
bandwidth
32. Noise in cascaded
T1 333 BB/PPT 1 35
systems
33. Representation of
T2 64 BB/PPT 1 36
Narrow band noise
34. In-phase and quadrature
T2 64-67 VIDEO 1 37
noise
35. Envelope and Phase T2 67-69 BB/PPT 1 38
36. Noise performance
T1 273-280 VIDEO 1 39
analysis in AM systems
37. Noise performance in FM
T1 282-293 BB/PPT 1 40
systems
38. Threshold effect T2 148-154 BB/PPT
39. Pre-emphasis and de-
T2 154-157 VIDEO 1 41
emphasis for FM
Topic Topic Books for Page No. Teaching No. of Cumulative
No Reference Methodology Hours No. of
Required periods
LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of unit, students should be able to
 Understand the various sources of noise in communication.
 Know the effects of Noise in AM and FM systems.
 Realize the concepts of Pre-emphasis and de-emphasis Techniques.

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UNIT V SAMPLING AND QUANTIZATION (9)

40. Low pass sampling R2 134-138 BB/PPT 1 42
R1 251-253
41. Aliasing -Signal BB/PPT 1 43
R2 142-148
Reconstruction-
42. Quantization -Uniform & R2 173-178 VIDEO 1 44
non-uniform quantization R2 193-196
43. quantization noise R2 190-192 BB/PPT 1 45
44. Logarithmic Companding 267-270 BB/PPT 1 46
R1
– PAM, 167-169
R2
45. PPM, PWM, R2 169-171 BB/PPT 1 47
46. PCM R2,W6 172-173 PPT 1 48
47. TDM R2, 162-165 VIDEO 1 49
R3 251-253
48. FDM R3 255-258 VIDEO 1 50
LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of unit, students should be able to
 Know the concept of sampling and quantization.
 Outline the knowledge on PAM, PCM, PWM & PPM.
 Describe the TDM and FDM concepts.

COURSE OUTCOME
At the end of the course, the students will be able to
 Design AM communication systems
 Design Angle modulated communication systems
 Apply the concepts of Random Process to the design of Communication systems
 Analyze the noise performance of AM and FM systems
 Gain knowledge in sampling and quantization
CONTENT BEYOND THE SYLLABUS

1. Overview of Digital modulation technique.

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT DETAILS
ASSESSMENT.NO. I II MODEL
Topic Nos. 1-16 17-29 1-48
Date
ASSIGNMENT DETAILS
ASSIGNMENT I II
Topic Nos. for reference 1-16 17-29
Deadline

ASSIGNMENT I (50 Marks) ASSIGNMENT II (50 Marks)

(Before CAT-1) (Before CAT-II)

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Topic Nos. for reference (1-16) PCE Activity

Part-A
Activity 1:
1. Why DSBFC-AM is bandwidth inefficient FM modulation and Demodulation
when compared with single sideband AM?  FM Descriminator.
2. State the applications and properties of
Activity 2: Think Break (Problem solving)
Hilbert transform.
 Power Spectral Density
3. Define SSB-SC AM and the methods used to  Gaussian Process
generate the SSB-SC AM.  Random process
4. State the Carson’s rule for determining the  Ergodic Process
bandwidth of an angle modulated wave.
5. Compare the amplitude, frequency and
phase modulation schemes.
Part-B
1. Derive the expression for amplitude
modulated wave and explain any one method
to generate and demodulate it.
2. With relevant diagram describe the process
of demodulation of DSB-SC AM signal.
3. Obtain the mathematical expression
for WBFM also compare and contrast
its characteristics with NBFM.

COURSE ASSESSMENT PLAN

CO CO Description Weightage CAT1 CAT2 MODEL Assign1. PCE AU

CO1 Design AM
20%    
communication systems
CO2 Design Angle modulated
20%    
communication systems
CO3 Apply the concepts of
Random Process to the
20%   
design of Communication
systems.
CO4 Analyze the noise
performance of AM and 20%   
FM systems
CO5 Gain knowledge in
sampling and 20%  
quantization
COURSE OUTCOME ALLIGNMENT MATRIX – MODEL EXAM SAMPLE QUESTION SET

Q.No. Question Marks CO BL PI

1 What is called as percent modulation? 2 CO-1 L-1 1.3.1
2 List out the applications and properties of Hilbert
2 CO-1 L-1 1.3.1
transform.

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3 Summarize the Carson’s rule for determining the

2 CO-2 L-2 1.2.1
bandwidth of an angle modulated wave.
4 Distinguish Narrow band and wide band FM. 2 CO-2 L-2 2.2.4
5 State the central limit theorem 2 CO-3 L-2 1.3.1
6 What are the advantages of Gaussian process. 2 CO-3 L-1 1.3.1
7 Define shot noise and thermal noise. 2 CO-4 L-1 1.3.1
8 Classify the properties of inphase and quadrature
phase components of narrow band noise 2 CO-4 L-4 2.2.4

9 Illustrate the term companding. 2 CO-5 L-2 1.3.1

10 Compare the difference between natural and flat top
2 CO-5 L-4 2.2.4
sampling.
11.a. Explain about Super heterodyne Receiver with neat
diagram. 13 CO-1 L-2 1.3.1

11.b. How SSB can be generated using Weaver’s method?

13 CO-1 L-1 1.3.1
Illustrate with a neat block diagram.
12.a. (i) Obtain the mathematical expression for WBFM also
7 CO-2 L-5 2.2.4
compare and contrast its characteristics with NBFM.
12.a. (ii) Suggest and discuss the method for the generation of
6 CO-2 L-5 2.1.1
FM using direct method.
12.b. (i) With relevant diagrams, explain how the frequency
discriminator and PLL are used as frequency 7 CO-2 L-3 1.3.1
demodulators?
12.b. (ii) An angle modulated wave is described by the
equation V (t) = 10 cos (2 £ 106¼t +10 cos 2000¼t).
Find (1) Power of the modulated signal 6 CO-2 L-1 2.1.3
(2) Maximum frequency deviation .
(3) Bandwidth frequency demodulators?
13.a.(i) Explain in detail about the transmission of a random
7 CO-3 L-2 2.4.1
process through a linear time invariant filter.
13.a(ii) Make use of the necessary expression and derive the
6 CO-3 L-3 2.1.4
power spectral density with its properties.
13.b.(i) Differentiate the strict-sense stationary with that of
7 CO-3 L-4 2.2.4
wide sense stationary process.
13.b.(ii) State and explain random variable. 6 CO-3 L-2 1.3.1
14.a.(i) Define narrowband noise and explain the
representation of Narrow band noise in terms of 6 CO-4 L-1 4.3.1
In-Phase and Quadrature components.
Q.No. Question Marks CO BL PI

14.a(ii) Write a short note on shot noise and also explain

about power spectral density of shot noise. 7 CO-4 L-5 1.3.1

14.b.(i) Derive an expression for SNR at input (SNRc) and

6 CO-4 L-6 1.3.1
output of (SNRo) of a coherent detector.

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14.b.(ii) Inspect the noise performance analysis in FM system

7 CO-4 L-4 2.1.1
with neat block diagram.
15.a. What is meant by quantization? Derive the
expression for signal to quantization noise ratio 13 CO-5 L-6 2.2.1
in PCM system.
15.b Construct the midtread and midrise type
characteristics of uniform quantizer with a 13 CO-5 L-3 2.1.1
suitable diagram.
16.a Derive an expression for signal to noise ratio for an
AM signal, with assumption that the noise added in
the channel is AWGN. Compare its performance with 15 CO-4 L-4 2.2.4
FM system.

16.b(i) Explain the pulse code modulation system with neat

7 CO-5 L-5 1.3.1
block diagram.
16.b(ii) What is TDM? Explain the difference between analog
TDM and digital TDM. 8 CO-5 L-5 2.2.4

ASSESSMENT PAPER QUALITY MATRIX

PART BTL-1 BTL-2 BTL-3 BTL-4 BTL-5 BTL-6

A 1,2, 6, 7, 3,4,5,9 - 8,10 - -

B 11(b), 11(a), 13(a) 12(b)(i), 13(b)(i), 12(a)(i),(ii), 14(b)(i),

12(b)(ii), (i), 13(b) 13(a)(ii), 14(b)(ii), 14(a)(ii), 15(a)
14(a)(i) (ii) 15(b)

C - - - 16(a) 16(b) -
TOTAL 21 % 20 % 13 % 18 % 14% 14 %
Distribution 41% 31% 28%

Prepared by Verified By
Mrs.D.Vennila HOD/ECE

Approved by
PRINCIPAL
REVIEW SHEET
After Completion of syllabus

Faculty experience in handling / covering syllabus

Unit I :

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Unit II :

Unit III :

Unit IV :

Unit V :

Difficulties (if any)

Feedback on University Question Paper

SIGNATURE OF STAFF HOD/ECE

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GENERAL GUIDELINES
 Course Objectives are brief, clear statements that describe the desired learning of
instruction; i.e., the specific skills, values, and attitudes students are intended to
acquire. Three learning objectives are
What do you want your graduates to know?
What do you want your graduates to think or care about?,
What do you want your graduates to be able to do?
 Learning Outcome are set of statements setting out what the participants should be
able to do / understand by the end of the Unit. Learning Outcomes are statements that
describe significant and essential learning that learners have achieved, and can
reliably demonstrate at the end of a course or program
Learning outcome muse be clear and precise, learner-oriented, realistic and
achievable. (Words such as State, Describe, Explain, Use, Identify, Analyze, Compare,
Demonstrate, Plan, Develop can be used)
 Course Outcome are set of statements setting out what the participants should be
able to do / understand at the end of the course.
 Teaching Methodology includes

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o BB - Black board o GL - Guest Lecture

o CBT - Computer Based o IV - Industrial visit
Tutorial based learning
o PPT - Power Point o CS - Case study
o V - Video o Tut - Tutorial
o Demo - Demonstration o NPTEL- National
o OHP - Over Head Programme on
Projector usage (OHP slides) Technology
Sem - Seminar Enabled Learning
 Minimum of 1 NPTEL class per course should be included and executed.
 Assignment dates shall be fixed in consent with all 6 subject faculties so as to give
equal time slot balance for the students. Assignment dates should be prior to
Assessment & Model Exams.
 Course plan Pages 1 to 6 shall be included in Question bank
 Review sheet is experience summary sheet to be included in the course file for
future reference (staff has to fill in the sheet after completing the course) & need not
be included in Question Bank.
 Updated Question Bank shall be given appropriate version numbers
GUIDELINES FOR ASSIGNMENT
1. Student Groups shall be formed (Eg. Class strength :50, each group comprising 10
members, totaling 5 groups). As per the number of groups, Assignment question I, II
has to be identified by faculty. (5 groups means, 5 questions for Assignment I, II).
Group 1 shall be allotted Qn 1 from Assignment I & Qn. 1 from Assignment II and
likewise the other groups.
2. For Assignment I, each group has to attend 1 question in detail (Min. of 8 pages).
Marks will be credited for Assessment I.
3. For Assignment II, as per the specification mentioned student groups has to develop
model/simulate the assigned task. Work has to documented individually (Title,
Objective, Description, Requirement, Implementation details, Inference).
4. Award of marks :Document-05, Presentation-05, Demo-10
5. Marks secured in Document, Presentation will be credited for Assessment-II.
6. Work has to be Demonstrated to the faculty in-charge for award of marks & credited
for Model exam.
7. Progress of Assignment II will be monitored through faculty-batch interaction.

Experiential learning:
Amplitude Modulation: Simulation Based Learning

http://ecelabs.njit.edu/ece489v2/am_sn.php

http://ecelabs.njit.edu/ece489v2/lab3_theory.php

CT -3.3 KCE/ECE/QB/II YR/CT