Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 30 views

    Solution:: 1. Let A and B Be Two Finite Sets Such That N (A) 20, N (B) 28 and N (A B) 36, Find N (A B)

    Uploaded by

    Marie Ramirez
    The document discusses subsets and proper subsets. A set A is a subset of set B if every element of A is also an element of B. A is a proper subset of B if A is a subset of B but the sets are not equal. The number of subsets of a set with n elements is 2n, while the number of proper subsets is 2n - 1. Examples are provided to illustrate subsets, proper subsets, and how to determine the number of subsets and proper subsets of a given set.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Solution:: 1. Let A and B Be Two Finite Sets Such That N (A) 20, N (B) 28 and N (A B) 36, Find N (A B)

    Uploaded by

    Marie Ramirez
    30 views9 pages
    The document discusses subsets and proper subsets. A set A is a subset of set B if every element of A is also an element of B. A is a proper subset of B if A is a subset of B but the sets are not equal. The number of subsets of a set with n elements is 2n, while the number of proper subsets is 2n - 1. Examples are provided to illustrate subsets, proper subsets, and how to determine the number of subsets and proper subsets of a given set.

    Original Title

    afa (1)

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses subsets and proper subsets. A set A is a subset of set B if every element of A is also an element of B. A is a proper subset of B if A is a subset of B but the sets are not equal. The number of subsets of a set with n elements is 2n, while the number of proper subsets is 2n - 1. Examples are provided to illustrate subsets, proper subsets, and how to determine the number of subsets and proper subsets of a given set.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    30 views9 pages

    Solution:: 1. Let A and B Be Two Finite Sets Such That N (A) 20, N (B) 28 and N (A B) 36, Find N (A B)

    Uploaded by

    Marie Ramirez
    The document discusses subsets and proper subsets. A set A is a subset of set B if every element of A is also an element of B. A is a proper subset of B if A is a subset of B but the sets are not equal. The number of subsets of a set with n elements is 2n, while the number of proper subsets is 2n - 1. Examples are provided to illustrate subsets, proper subsets, and how to determine the number of subsets and proper subsets of a given set.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    1.

    Let A and B be two finite sets such that n(A) = 20, n(B) = 28 and n(A ∪ B) =
    36, find n(A ∩ B).

    Solution: 

    Using the formula n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∩ B). 

    then n(A ∩ B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∪ B) 

                         = 20 + 28 - 36 

                         = 48 - 36 

                         = 12 

    2. If n(A - B) = 18, n(A ∪ B) = 70 and n(A ∩ B) = 25, then find n(B).

    Solution: 

    Using the formula n(A∪B) = n(A - B) + n(A ∩ B) + n(B - A) 

                                     70 = 18 + 25 + n(B - A) 

                                     70 = 43 + n(B - A) 

                             n(B - A) = 70 - 43 

                             n(B - A) = 27 

    Now n(B) = n(A ∩ B) + n(B - A) 

                   = 25 + 27 

                   = 52 

    Different types on word problems on sets:

    3. In a group of 60 people, 27 like cold drinks and 42 like hot drinks and each
    person likes at least one of the two drinks. How many like both coffee and tea? 

    Solution: 

    Let A = Set of people who like cold drinks. 

         B = Set of people who like hot drinks. 


    Given 

    (A ∪ B) = 60            n(A) = 27       n(B) = 42 then;

    n(A ∩ B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∪ B) 

                = 27 + 42 - 60 

                = 69 - 60 = 9 

                = 9 

    Therefore, 9 people like both tea and coffee. 

    4. There are 35 students in art class and 57 students in dance class. Find the
    number of students who are either in art class or in dance class.

    • When two classes meet at different hours and 12 students are enrolled in
    both activities. 

    • When two classes meet at the same hour. 

    Solution: 

    n(A) = 35,       n(B) = 57,       n(A ∩ B) = 12 

    (Let A be the set of students in art class. 


    B be the set of students in dance class.) 

    (i) When 2 classes meet at different hours n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∩ B) 

                                                                              = 35 + 57 - 12 

                                                                              = 92 - 12 

                                                                              = 80 

    (ii) When two classes meet at the same hour, A∩B = ∅ n (A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B)
    - n(A ∩ B) 

                                                                                                  = n(A) + n(B) 

                                                                                                  = 35 + 57 

                                                                                                  = 92
     

    Further concept to solve word problems on sets:

    5. In a group of 100 persons, 72 people can speak English and 43 can speak
    French. How many can speak English only? How many can speak French only
    and how many can speak both English and French?

    Solution: 

    Let A be the set of people who speak English. 

    B be the set of people who speak French. 

    A - B be the set of people who speak English and not French. 

    B - A be the set of people who speak French and not English. 

    A ∩ B be the set of people who speak both French and English. 

    Given, 

    n(A) = 72       n(B) = 43       n(A ∪ B) = 100 

    Now, n(A ∩ B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∪ B) 

                         = 72 + 43 - 100 

                         = 115 - 100 

                         = 15 

    Therefore, Number of persons who speak both French and English = 15 

    n(A) = n(A - B) + n(A ∩ B) 

    ⇒ n(A - B) = n(A) - n(A ∩ B) 

                    = 72 - 15 

                    = 57
    and n(B - A) = n(B) - n(A ∩ B) 

                       = 43 - 15 

                       = 28 

    Therefore, Number of people speaking English only = 57 

    Number of people speaking French only = 28 

    Word problems on sets using the different properties (Union & Intersection):

    6. In a competition, a school awarded medals in different categories. 36 medals


    in dance, 12 medals in dramatics and 18 medals in music. If these medals went
    to a total of 45 persons and only 4 persons got medals in all the three
    categories, how many received medals in exactly two of these categories?

    Solution: 

    Let A = set of persons who got medals in dance. 

    B = set of persons who got medals in dramatics. 

    C = set of persons who got medals in music. 

    Given, 

    n(A) = 36                              n(B) = 12       n(C) = 18 

    n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = 45       n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 4 

    We know that number of elements belonging to exactly two of the three sets A,
    B, C 

    = n(A ∩ B) + n(B ∩ C) + n(A ∩ C) - 3n(A ∩ B ∩ C) 

    = n(A ∩ B) + n(B ∩ C) + n(A ∩ C) - 3 × 4       ……..(i) 

    n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) - n(A ∩ B) - n(B ∩ C) - n(A ∩ C) + n(A ∩ B ∩


    C) 

    Therefore, n(A ∩ B) + n(B ∩ C) + n(A ∩ C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) + n(A ∩ B ∩


    C) - n(A ∪ B ∪ C) 
    From (i) required number 

    = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) - n(A ∪ B ∪ C) - 12 

    = 36 + 12 + 18 + 4 - 45 - 12 

    = 70 - 57 

    = 13 

    Apply set operations to solve the word problems on sets:

    7. Each student in a class of 40 plays at least one indoor game chess, carrom
    and scrabble. 18 play chess, 20 play scrabble and 27 play carrom. 7 play chess
    and scrabble, 12 play scrabble and carrom and 4 play chess, carrom and
    scrabble. Find the number of students who play (i) chess and carrom. (ii) chess,
    carrom but not scrabble.

    Solution: 

    Let A be the set of students who play chess 

    B be the set of students who play scrabble 

    C be the set of students who play carrom 

    Therefore, We are given n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = 40, 

    n(A) = 18,         n(B) = 20         n(C) = 27, 

    n(A ∩ B) = 7,     n(C ∩ B) = 12    n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 4 

    We have 

    n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) - n(A ∩ B) - n(B ∩ C) - n(C ∩ A) + n(A ∩ B ∩


    C) 

    Therefore, 40 = 18 + 20 + 27 - 7 - 12 - n(C ∩ A) + 4 

    40 = 69 – 19 - n(C ∩ A) 

    40 = 50 - n(C ∩ A) n(C ∩ A) = 50 - 40 

    n(C ∩ A) = 10 
    Therefore, Number of students who play chess and carrom are 10. 

    Also, number of students who play chess, carrom and not scrabble. 

    = n(C ∩ A) - n(A ∩ B ∩ C) 

    = 10 – 4 

    =6

    Therefore, we learned how to solve different types of word problems on sets


    without using Venn diagram.

    Subsets and Proper Subsets

    If every member of set A is also a member of set B, then A is a subset of B, we


    write A ⊆ B. We can say A is contained in B.
    We can also say B ⊇ A, B is a superset of A, B includes A, or B contains A.
    If A is not a subset of B, we write A ⊈ B.

    If A is a subset of B (A ⊆ B), but A is not equal to B, then we say A is a proper


    subset of B, written as A ⊂ B or A ⊊ B.

    Example:
    A = {1, 3, 5}, B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
    A is a subset of B, A  ⊆ B. because every element in A is also in B 
    A is also proper subset of B, A  ⊂ B. because every element in A is also in B and
    A≠ B
    C is subset of B, C ⊆ B. but is not a proper subset of B because C = B

    Example:

    X = {1, 3, 5}, Y = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. 


    X is not a subset of Y, X  ⊈ Y, because the element 1 is in X but not in Y.

    Note:
     The empty set denoted by ∅ or {} is a subset of any set.
    ∅⊆S
     The empty set is a proper set of all sets except ∅
    ∅⊂S≠∅

    Example:
    List all the subsets and proper subsets of the set Q = {x, y, z}
    Solution:
    The subsets of Q are { }, {x}, {y}, {z}, {x, y}, {x, z}, {y, z} and {x, y, z}
    The proper subsets of Q are { }, {x}, {y}, {z}, {x, y}, {x, z}, {y, z}

    What is the formula for the number of subsets and proper subsets?
    The number of subsets for a finite set A is given by the formula:
    If set A has n elements, it has 2n subsets.
    If set A has n elements, it has 2n - 1 proper sets. 
    Example:
    Q = {x, y, z}. How many subsets and proper subsets will Q have?
    Solution:
    Q has 3 elements
    Number of subsets = 23 = 8
    Number of proper subsets = 7

    Example:
    Draw a Venn diagram to represent the relationship between the sets.   A = {1, 3,
    5} and B= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

    Solution:
    Since A is a subset of B:
    Step 1: Draw circle A within the circle B
    Step 2: Write down the elements in circle A.
    Step 3: Write down the remaining elements in circle B

    Subset and Proper Subset


    This video defines and give the notation or symbols used for subsets and
    proper subsets and shows how to determine the number of possible subsets for
    a given set.
     Show Step-by-step Solutions
    Find subsets and proper subsets
    Example:
    Given the set C = {1, 2, 3}, what are the subsets and proper subsets?
     Show Step-by-step Solutions
    How to distinguish between elements, subsets and proper subsets?
    Examples:
    Indicate whether true or false:
    {} ⊆ {2, 3}
    {} ∈ {2, 3}
    {} ∈ {{}, 2, 3}
    {5, 6, 7} ⊆ {5, 6, 7, 8}
    {5, 6, 7, 8} ⊆ {5, 6, 7, 8}
    {5, 6, 7, 8} ⊂ {5, 6, 7, 8}

    You might also like