Lecture # 1: Introduction to Dynamics:

History and Applications, Basic Concepts

Syed Ahsan Masud Zaidi

Ahsan_Zaidi@rocketmail.com
Department of Mechatronics and Control Engineering
University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore
1
▪ Listen to Allah and your parents
▪ Be good to your colleagues and say NO to Cheating
▪ Listen carefully and take notes.
▪ If you have bunked the class then you should do something worth more
than this lecture.
▪ Pay attention to class examples, efficient solutions, revision
▪ This is a numerical based subject and requires a lot of practice.

If you are following above rules and still not getting good grades then
Allah be with you.

2
▪ The most important rule. Say No To Cheating.
▪ DO NOT let your attendance slip below 75 Percent.
▪ Do Not create disturbance during Online class.
▪ Do NOT create fake credentials for your online class/quizzes.

3
▪After Successful Completion of this course, you will be
able to :
1. Apply basic concepts of kinematics of particles associated with
rectilinear, plane curvilinear and constrained motion.
2. Apply basic concepts of kinetics of particles including force,
Newton’s laws of motion, work and energy, impulse and
momentum
3. Analyze problems and formulate solutions related to plane
kinematics and kinetics of rigid bodies.

4
 The basic concepts covered in this
course can be obtained from any
relevant text. Some of the relevant
books are listed below.
1. Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics by
J.L Meriam and LG Kraige. 6th Edition.
2. Engineering Mechanics dynamics by
R. C. Hibbeler, Pearson 14th edition

5
▪Final Exam (Maximum marks = 40)
▪Midterm Exam (Maximum marks = 30)
▪Sessional (Maximum marks = 30)

▪75% attendance is required for you to sit in

the Final Exam

6
The following outline is a tentative plan of instructions. The sequence may
vary, if a need arises.
Introduction: (Lectures: 2)
▪ History and Applications
▪ Basic Concepts
Kinematics of particles (Lectures: 5)
▪ Rectilinear Motion
▪ Plane Curvilinear Motion
▪ Rectangular Coordinates
▪ Normal and Tangential Coordinates
▪ Polar Coordinates

7
Kinetics of particles (Lectures:6)
▪ Force, Mass and Acceleration
▪ Rectilinear and Curvilinear Motion
▪ Work and Kinetic energy
▪ Potential energy
▪ Linear Impulse and momentum
▪ Angular impulse and momentum
Kinetics of systems of particles (Lectures:4)
▪ Generalized Newton’s second law of motion
▪ Conservation of energy and momentum
▪ Steady mass flow
▪ Variable mass flow

8
▪ Plane kinematics of rigid bodies (Lectures:5)
▪ Rotation
▪ Absolute motion
▪ Instantaneous center of zero velocity
▪ Relative acceleration

Tentatively 22 lectures will be used to cover required topics; rest of the

lectures will be consumed in evaluations and practicing problems.

9
▪ History……
▪ The Beginning of a rational understanding of dynamics is credited to
Galileo (1564-1642).
▪ Galileo Made careful observations concerning bodies in free fall ,
motion on an inclined plane, motion of the pendulum.
▪ Later Newton , guided by Galileo’s work was able to formulate laws of
motion and law of universal gravitation.
▪ Following newton’s time important contributions were made by Euler,
D’ Alembert , Lagrange, Laplace, Corolis, Einstein and others

10
▪ Dynamics is a branch of mechanics which deals with the
motion of bodies under the action of forces

▪ Two Distinct Parts of Mechanics:

▪ Kinematics: The Study of motion without reference to the
forces which causes the motion.

▪ Kinetics: Analysis of forces which causes motion

11
 Principles of mechanics particularly
dynamics are basic to:
▪ Analysis and design of moving structures
▪ Fixed structures subjected to shock loads
▪ Robotic devices
▪ Automatic control systems
▪ Rockets, missiles and space craft.
▪ Ground and air transportation vehicles
▪ Machinery of all types such as turbines,
pumps, reciprocating engines, hoists,
machine tools, etc.

12
Space:
The geometric region occupied by the bodies.
▪ Position in space is determined relative to some geometric
reference system by means of linear and angular
measurements.
▪ The basic frame of reference for Newtonian mechanics is
the primary inertial system or astronomical frame of
reference., which is an imaginary set of rectangular axes
assumed to have no translation or rotation in space.

13
Time:
It is the measure of succession of
events and is considered an absolute
quantity in Newtonian mechanics.

Mass:
It is the quantitative measure of
inertia or resistance to change in
motion of a body.
OR
The quantity of matter contained in
a body.
14
Force:
Vector action of one body on
another.

Particle:
A body of negligible dimensions.
When the dimensions of a body are irrelevant to
the description of its motion (or Forces) the
body can be considered as a particle.
For example: An airplane is considered as a
particle for the description of its flight path.
15
16
Rigid Body:
A body whose changes in shape are
negligible as compared with the overall
dimensions of the body or with the
changes in position of a body as a whole.

17
▪Scalar and Vector:
The quantity whose magnitude is
specified is called scalar.
The quantity whose magnitude and
direction both are specified is called vector.
Recall the basic geometry and algebra
of vectors through previous study of statics
and mathematics.

18
19
20
21
• In SI units, Kilogram should be exclusively used as a
unit of mass never force.
• In US customary units, pound is used both as a unit
of force (lbf) and unit of mass (lbm).
•A slug is defined as the mass that is accelerated by 1
ft/s2 when a force of one pound (lbf) is exerted on it.
22
▪ Newton’s law of gravitation which governs
the mutual attraction between bodies is
defined as:
G m1 m2
F=
r2

23
1. Formulate the problem
▪State the given data.
▪State the desired result.
▪State your assumptions and approximations.

2. Develop the solution

▪Draw needed diagrams and include coordinates which
are appropriate for the problem at hand.
▪State the governing principles applied to your solution
▪Make calculations.

24
▪Ensure the calculations are consistent with the
accuracy justified by the data.
▪Be sure that consistent units are used throughout
calculations.
▪Ensure that the answers are reasonable in terms of
magnitudes, directions and common sense.
▪Draw conclusions.
▪And most importantly buy your own calculator!!

25
26
▪Consider Two iron spheres each of diameter 100 mm,
which are just touching. At what distance r from the
center of the earth will the force of mutual attraction
between the contacting spheres be equal to the force
exerted by the earth on one of the spheres? Density of
iron= 7870, mass of earth=5.976x10^24

27
28
Two uniform spheres are positioned as shown. Determine
the gravitational force which the titanium sphere exerts
on the copper sphere. The Values of R=40mm

29
30
31
32
Determine the Distance h for which the spacecraft S will
experience equal attractions form the earth and from the
sun. Use Table D/2 of appendix as needed.

33
34
Determine the angle theta at which a particle in Jupiter’s
circular orbit experiences equal attractions from the sun
and from Jupiter. Use Table D/2 of Appendix as needed.

35
36
▪Engineering Mechanics , Dynamics
Sixth Edition
By J.L. Meriam , L.G.Kraige
Chapter # 1: Introduction to Dynamics

37
▪Engineering Mechanics , Dynamics
Sixth Edition
By J.L. Meriam , L.G.Kraige
Chapter # 1: Introduction to Dynamics

38
 Thank you
Any Questions???

39