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;\VIE-IINIVER%
 NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.

THE Fourth Volume of the HOLBEIN SOCIETY'S Publications is

in a forward state, and will be ready at the end of the present

year, 1870. It is entitled

THE FOUR FOUNTAINS OF ALCIAT'S EMBLEMS.

CONTAINING
I. An Account of the First Collection of Emblems. Milan,
1522.
II. Facsimile Reprints by Photo-lithography, of Steyner's
Augsburg Edition, 1531 ;
of
III. Wechel's Paris Edition, 1534; and of
IV. The Venice Edition, by the Aldi, 1546.

The above will be followed by the whole of the Emblems,

viz. 211, each with a woodcut and rich border, as given in the
Lyons Edition of 1551.

N.B. The Yearly Subscription is One Guinea, payable to

MR. ALFRED BROTHERS, 14, St. Anne's Square, Manchester.

November 2, 1870.
 Cije ^olbetn

COUNCIL.
SIR WILLIAM STIRLING-MAXWELL, 13art, PRESIDENT
HENRY YATES THOMPSON, VICE-PRESIDENT.
ALFRED BROTHERS, F.R.A.S.
JAMES CROSTON, HONORARY SECRETARY.
REV. HENRY GREEN, M.A., EDITOR.
WILLIAM HARRISON, F.S.A.
WILLIAM LANGTON.
G. W. NAPIER.
 Wytnan & Sons, Printers,
Great Queen St. London, W.C.
 THE

Mirrovr of Maiestie :

OR

THE BADGES OF HONOVR

Conceitedly Emblazoned.

A PHOTO-LITH FAC-SIMILE REPRINT

From Mr. Corsets perfect Copy.

A.D. 1618.

II
EDITED BY

HENRY GREEN, M.A., and JAMES CROSTON.

$ ubHsf)tH for t|)t fcolbcin Socletj bp

A. BROTHERS, St. Ann's Square, Manchester ; and

TRUBNER & CO., Paternoster Row, London.

M.DCCC.LXX.
 To

The Rev. Thomas Corser, M.A. F.S.A. &c.

Vicar of Stand, Lancashire,

IN ADMIRATION

Of his high Scholarship in the old English Literature,

and

Of the mamellmis Liberality with -which he has communicated

of his skilfully gathered Treasures :

FROM THE EDITORS

of the Mirrovr of Maiestie.

M.DCCC.LXX.

I
 PREFACE.

HE MIRROVROF MAIESTIE
itself and the PHOTOLITH
PLATES annexed for illus-

supply good ex-

tration,

amples of the proper

office of the Photogra-
pher, as an artist in

The
fac-simile reprints.

Arms and Emblems of

this work, as well as the letter-press, were, at first,
in 1618, of defective execution, without finish in
the woodcuts, and without sharpness or shapeliness
in the type. Such might be urged as reasons
faults

for not reproducing the volume but then its ex-

;

treme rarity and the nature of its contents plead in

b

1824213
vi PREFA CE.
behalf of making the possession of a copy attainable
at a moderate price.*

Shall the work be sent out honestly in its

original homeliness ? or shall meretricious graces

be imparted to it by the hands of skilled engravers
and typefounders ? Let those who prefer it adopt
the latter course, and as Pope did with Chaucer, let

them modernize a WIFE OF BATH, and, despoiling

her of her old-fashioned simplicity, bring to a too

prurient fancy the questionable aid of a more

mellifluous versification. Chaucer in his ancient

roughness is far better than Pope in his modern

polish.

The function of the photographer is not to coax

natural blemishes into artificial beauties, nor to
touch up antiquity and bestow an adventitious
value on works of old but with all exactness
;

and care to set forth those works as they existed

in the former days. He is indeed to seek out the
best possible exemplars, and to bestow his highest
skill on the fac-simile copy, occasionally concealing
gross delineation by the transference of a more
* The copy from which our fac-simile was taken obtained by auction the
high price of ^36.
 PREFACE. vii

delicate design, and where lines or borders are

evidently broken, restoring what once certainly

existed ;
but he isnot to use the appliances of
modern art to elaborate a finished picture the ;

truthfid reproduction ought to be his chief aim,

indeed his pride.

For want of bearing this principle in mind,

some critics, otherwise well qualified, have widely
erred by condemning as blemishes the truthful

delineations which photo-lithography has presented

of the engraver's and typographer's art in bygone
times. Accuracy we hold to be essential to

whatever claims approval as a fac-simile copy. It

would often be very easy to surpass the original,
to aim at a higher style of art, and to give letter-

press of a very superior character. For instance,

in the illustrative plates, Nos. i and 16, the designs
and the drawings might be considerably improved
by the free employment of the graver's tools and ;

in plates 3640, the much-worn letter-press of the

original might have been set up in newest and

sharpest type ;
but so to surpass would be to
mislead. In fact, it would be unfair towards the
Members of our Society, and towards literary men
in general, who suppose that in our volume there
viii PREFACE.

has been supplied to them an exact reprint, truthful

in letter and in line.

We heed not, then, those who in the spirit of

insufficient knowledge thus criticise our photo-
lithography they do it, we doubt not, chiefly in
;

their pride of admiration and love for the beautiful,

and not through any superfluity of naughtiness

towards our enterprise.

Our plan is to endeavour to obtain the best

exemplars, and where practicable, as it often is,

several of them, that the defects of one may be

supplied by the excellencies of the others. With
these exemplars the photo-lithographic proofs are

closely compared, and unless the workmanship be

good and other proofs are taken before the
skilful,

editors give forth the imprimatur. By following

such a plan, it is not without hope of approval that
we commend the Third of our Holbein Society's
fac-simile reprints to the subscribers and to the

public.
H. G. J. C.

MANCHESTER, Nov. i, 1870.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Pages.
TITLE-PAGE and DEDICATION for the Fac-simile Reprint i iv

Preface v viii

Table of Contents, &c ix xii

THE MIRROVR OF MAIESTIE, or the Badges of Honovr,

viz.

Title-page. .

A CATALOGVE of those names vnto whom this worke

is appropriated. \ pp. 4
Dedication To THOSE NOBLE Personages rancked
in the CATALOGVE.
ARMS AND EMBLEMS 1-63
Forty Photo-lith Fac-simile Plates in Illustration, num-
bered i 40 pp. 32

INTRODUCTION.
I. A BRIEF REVIEW of English Emblem-books pre-
vious to A.D. 1618, and of the Mirrovr of Maiestie
itself 65-96
II. ANNOTATIONS on the Armorial Bearings and Noble
Personages 97-1 59
III. NOTICES of similar Works, and especially of those
from which the Illustrated Plates have been
taken 160-174
GENERAL INDEX 17 5-1 80
 THE

MIRROVR OF MAIESTIE,
AND

Forty
PHOTO-LITII FAC-SIMILE PLATES

/// Illustration

of the Mirrovr of" Maiestie.

M.DCCC.LXX.
 THE
MIRRO VR OF
MAIESTIE:
OR,

THE BADGES OF HONOVR

CONCEITEDLY EMBLAZONED;
WITH
EMBLEMES ANNEXED,
POETICALLY VNFOLDED.

, Ntc kit TUbccnU gimlet.

LONDON,
Printed by fr. / 1618
$* A CATALOGVE OF
THOSE NAMES VNTO WHOM
this worke is
appropriated.

HP HE Kings Mdiejlie.
JL TheQueene.
The Prince.
The Lord Arch-BifiopofCanterbtirie.
The Lord chancellor.
The Lord Treasurer.
The Lord Prime Scale.
The Lord Admirall.
The Duke of Lenox.
The Marqtuffe
The Lord cbamb
The Earlc of Aruvdett.
The Earlc ofSouth-lumpton.
The farle ofHertford.
TheEarleofEjfex
TheEarleofDorfct-
The Ear If ofMountgomene.
The Vt'(count Life.
The Vtfcount watting ford.
The Btfitf of L onion.
T^e Biflop ofwinchejlcr.
The Bifiof of Ely.

The
The Lordiventmrth.
TheLordDmie.

r
fbe Lord Stanhope.
The Lord Catcvp.
The Lord Ha,y.
tfhe Lord chiefe lujl/ce of the Kings-Ecnck.
The Lord chiefc Inftice of the Cornmm-PleAS.
The Lor dchiefe Baron ofthe
FINIS.
 TO THOSE NOBLE
Pcrfonagcs rancked in the
CATALOGVE.

\/l 7feebler Mufefarre too too Tt>eake to fng,

Has iotyour Honours on berfttiggrin g wing
And borne them to the loft leftfitcbfbe may .

1hcrefore((u!>misfitie}(l}e dos humbly pr ay y

That when her tongue reeles^or Inuention bruits,
Tour Fauours Tvillgiue
crutches to her faults.

Your LORDSHIPS in

all dutifiifl
ol>f<trtt*ndef

If.G.
 9*
To THI KINO*

*"T""Hofc (mighty Soueraigne) arc your Graces text,

1 Right King of Heralds,not to any,next :
You might their myflicke learning blazon bed,
But you referueyour knowledge vnexpreft :
As being moft peculiar to you :

And yetbecaufe the people may allow

That which concernes your fclfc Let me to them
,

Vnlocke the value of this prueleflelem :

The Lyons trebled thus, may reprefent

Your equall fitnes for the Regiment
Of this faire Monarchic : Krittiune then
Which euer ha's bin ftuft with valiant men.
May fitted bearc a Lyon vrgd to fpoile
3
:

Your irifh Kernes.who neuervs'd to toyle,

Are in their (il'ver-fttidded Htrpe explain'd.
Thefe Splendent Beauties limm a by Natures hand,
By grace of Ancient Kings, made Royall floivrs>
But now thrice Royall made,by being Yours.
B
T 7t 7 Hy be thefe marfhafd equall, as you fee ?
VV Arc they dif-rankt,or not? No: they fliou'ld be
Thusplacd: for CommoH-weales doe tottering ftand,
Not vnder-propt thus by the mutuall hand
Of Ktffigtmd Priejtyby Gods and humane lawes :

Divine affiftance mo-ft efFeftuall drawes

Kings to eonffflcjthat t'heav'n they homage owej
Which confequently kadsaKing to knowe3
That, that Ambitions by dead Embers fir'd,
Which ha's no beyond earth to heav'n afpird;
Earth can but make a King of earth partaker^
But Knowledge makes him neereft like his maker.
Formans meere power not built on Wifdomes forr,
Do s rather pluck dbwne kingdomes thaji fuppoit.
Perfectly rnixt,' thus Fewer and Knowledge mouc
About diyiuft defignes 3 enfphcar' d with lope-,
Which (as a gla(Te)ferucneighbour-Kmgs tofce 3

How beft to follow, though not equal! thee.

 EMBLEMS a

Q Eated on tkree-headtd Mountain* high,

this
^ Which rcpicfcnts Great Brytdincs Monarchic^
Thus ftand I f urnifht t'entertaine the noifc:

Ofchronging clamours, with an equal! poyfc:

And thus addrcft to giuca conftant weight
To formall flievves, tfvertue> or Deceit :

T hus arni'd with Porvr to punnifli 01 protect,

\Vhcn I hauc weigh 'd each fcruple and defccl i

Thus flwtifitlly rich in parts and place

Togiue jW**&U#cf9 QT a pooredifgracci
But, how to make thcfcin iuft circle mouc,
Hcav'n crowncs my head with mfedome from abouc.
Thus Merit on each parr, to whom 'tis due,
With Cod-like power dUburfed is by you.
B 2
 TO 'THE Q,VB*KI.

proportions (Madamjdiuers dare

OFConclude
all

that abfolute^which is moft fquare:

Well may they proue that Theoreme ; for I know
Square Bodies doe the moft perfe&ion (how :
Perfection ftillconfifting in this beft,
To ftand morefore,the more it is fuppreft.
Which vertue chiefly doth belong
fpeciall
Vntofquare bodies, or right do's them wrong :

Your Scutchion therefore^and the Honours due,

May conftantly fupport your Worth and You ;

Whofclifes drawneoutfvnfbild withfubiccb hatcj

By fuch a Samplar, none can imitate*
H Ere abouc number, doth one wonder fitj
But 0/w,yet in her owne, an infrnit :

Being fimply rare , nvStcond can me beare, .

Two Sunnes were neuer fcene ftalke in one Sphearc.

From old Elizas Vrne^ enrichtwith fire
Ofglorious wonders ? did your worth fufpire .-

Somuft, from your dead Jite-infufing flame,

Your Multiply td-feife rife thcftce the Same:
She whoft faire Memories, by Thcfpian Swaines
Arefung, on ^/*/greene banks, andflowrieplainet.
Thus Time alternates in its fingle
\ ^ turnes ;
OneP/w*/'x borne, another Pbtnix burnes.
Your rare worths (matchlefle Quecnej in you alone
Liue free, vnparalle d, entirely One*
 To THE PRINCE*

Our Princedome's Enfigne hcref Right-Royall Sir)

*
May pinion your vp-lbaring thoughts, and ftirrc

Them to a pitch of loftier eminence,

T hen can bereached by bafe y ulgar fenfe.
Thefe Plumes (charact'redliuely fignifie
Valour in warre, ioyn'd with rvelodtie.
The bJacke Prince (bearing Plumes) approues this true,
When through the Ftnich he like Titf%d- lightning flue.
And pull'd downeliUcs about him to the ground,
Till he himfclfc with death had round:
cfrcled
His very looke did threaten publicke death:
With every ftroke fell from him., fled a breath.
Arm'dintheconfidenceofhis iuft cauie,
T hus freely fearclefTe his foes ovcrthrowcs.
TI jofe high-borne afls which from his valour flue,
With new-additions arc imprefs't in you.
\7\/Hen PCM (fufpe&ing he would mm inferre,)
* * Tooke Henry hence, to Hue aboue with her,
She bade louts Etrd returnefrorns quick e convoy
Of fasfore foule, left in Heav'nslaffing loy,
And mildly offer to your Princely hands,
This Emblcmt of (oft Peace and warlike bands :
Both which ( vfd rightly)
w J / their large
,o
cares extend
To gaine o're others, and their o wne defend.
1

Though a) bright Honours did their Beauties Ihroud

lii his a
Eectiffcfdtc Phcebus in cloud:
Yet atyour Rifmg,they more ckare againe
Pcept- forth, like Sun-mine ^fter clouds and mine.
And in your tforth their worthinefle difplayes
To woithicft Princes c-s the Sun his ray es.
;

B4
To TH* ARCH-&UHOP Os CAI'H*DY*Y.

wellthefefacred Ornaments become

HOw
One, who by earth walkes this ccleftiall home/
The Staffc ofComfort this,ro leane vpon,
This 3 /V/of peace s thcCc^Crcffes vndergone:
How cafiiy good men ^knowne well by thi&J
Lodge at the Inne ot their eternall Bliflc :

Thcle fruits Ats workes,from Bounty fpringing found,

Perfuming Heaifn, & with Hcainis bounties crown'd:
Thclo (liadow'd fruirs> but by a figure5 Qicw
The loycs ofParadife prepar'd for you ;
Sailc thither with
goodlpcedc then, yet make flay *
Good Angels uidc> ou, yme i'th Abbots
way-
 JlfB LEME

ffattds connext, en gir

THefe
Deciphring th'holy Concords vntfon,
Offaiths full harmony :ih\sfpi*ypalc
whoftill the 7>0/
Sharpcconfli&sare 5
This Heart the cA^is,th'ho!^ Ghoft being Center,
Afflictionsmay futround,but cannoc enter.
You are the prime linke of this mAnn&\i cbaitte,
Whereby Religi** do's its ftrcngthmaintainc
:

O !may the &*r*{ R<fl to you fticke faft,

That Truth ('though long) yet conquer may at lalu

 to.

To TH* LORD CHANCSX.LOR.

Nerth&nd SwtherM Polesy the two fix'd Starrcs

THe
Ofwortti and dignicie, which all iuft warres,
Should ftill.maintaine,togechcr: be here met
And inyourfclfe as in your Scutchion fet :

The half* Mooni 'twixt,threatensas yet no change,

Or if flic doe, (he promifes to range,
Till i he agai re recouer what (he loft :
Your endiefle Iamc3 (fo) gaiacs your Bowles cofl.
 It.

EMBLEMS 6.

flhould
any thinkc himfelfc fo Hire
NEucr
Of friends affiltance,that he dares procure
New enemies: for vnprouok'd they will
Spring out offorg'djOr caufelefle malice ftilL
why fliould thispoore creature be purfu'd,
Elfc,
Too fim pic to offend,a beaft ib rude.
Therefore prouide ft or malice danger brings)
Hottfc-roomctQ find vnderan Eagles wings.
You are this <i^/5r,whcih ore- (hades the fieffe
Purfu'de by hx&tne woltics, and fafe dotb keepe
The poore mans honeft^though might- wronged caufe,
From being cruChcd by oppreflious pawe5.
Faire Rort you are, where euery Coodnfffe fiades
Safe (hclrcr from fwolne Great neffc^ itubborne winds
Eager to drench it but that fearclcfle reft
:

Dwels in your harbour,toall good diftrcft,

I bid nocyou pi ouidc,you are complcate,
The good ior to proteil,or bad dcfcatc.
C 2
 IS.

To THI Loio T* A* VIBE.

VTOur fcblf Credent might to fome(Vhofc

lips
Speakc ignorance^ portend a blackcEcclipfe;
I rather thus how Time would (hroud
difcerne,
Your radiantCrr/^/ in a
fable Cloud :

And hold thole enuious,ignorant, or dull,

That
cannotfee^oiir Crcfcwt gro wing full.
 EMBLEME 7.

T Hc carefull,#4tef-jBj/r,who the Key doth carie

OfKings 7>/ry5 muft not (partial^
a a
But to iuft caufcs compaflc ftill be ti'de :
varie:

For luftice (Vniuft (hucting)opens widea

And lets in hard Qptnion, to difgrace
I i is
bffutrjfgMsfelftjhis Perfo y and his place
.

Nor muit hecareicffe (lumber : but thus

kcepc
HisJids vn(hut-vp by fofb-fiogrcd sleefe :
And hold a Counfell with the faddeft howres
Of lllent Night rand fpend his parcft powers
In carc,to render to whom dues belong,
That Subi'tts may haue right3 and Kivgs no wrong.
But you (Great Lerd^bearevpthiswiifthtol:
With a moll cape Care,bccaufe mod if.
C j
 To THE LOKB PRIVY

HTHofe dnfsings that adornc loth farts of Nature^

* Firft ,is in this CreAture:
expreft MAteftiike
Ncxt3 in thcle Flomcs ofu^ht both which prdcnt
Your Honurs at full height of complement,
And Clcartiefawhich funncs through yovr
Mixt with this two fold tinclure, Crr^r/and Good
What s here but fliadow'd then, by tutward kind,
Bedcckcs the *#&& Rooms oir yonr braue mind.
 EMBLEMS 12.

\7 \7''Hen ere thou draw*

>

ft out thy reucnging rod,

* *
Let be f or C<wtfr/,and the cattfiot Godi
Elfe thy Oblations will thy curfcs be,
When thou cncountreft with thine enemy.
Moris itfacriHcethatcan appcafc
Gods wrath,vnleile the mans obedience pleafc
More then his' offering : for if his dull heart
Thinkes he inricheth God in any part,.
By offering BecatornfafiQ loofeth aU :

Kay further yet,hc giues zfivord with all

To Heau'ns high luflice, by inuokingdowne
Ow#<r.
Reucnge^ in lieu of Guerdon, or a
Such as were facri flees once,fuch bee
Our prayers itiH,and our true Sanctitie*.
"Which is your In-mate and fanvliar eucft,
More ckarely (eenc in You,then here exprcft.
 *<*.

To THS LORD ADMI*AIE.

TJ Outfable vtttttft like a Starre in bUcke,

I Shewes what our honour d Admiralldothlacke:
And fhcwes as ifthat Starreoflffinghnm y

Were thus bemourn d in abriere Epigram ;

This may your Polejlarre be,nioft noble Lord,

And guide you vnto that ffo much abhorr d)
The mournfull, yet theblcfTed,Porcof death,
Blowne by the prayers of all good mens breath.
 EMBLE.ME <?

ppofe a Globe were faft'ned in the skic,

SV\Vithcordcsdepending on it
quarterly,
And men ihould itriue by violence to wreft
That cordage to what crooked forme they lift,
All wile men would concciue them madly bent,
Why fhould they cl(c impottiblcs attempt?
And we may rhmke it as abfurda drift
In him,xvhocraftily (hall hope to iiiitt

When FMe forbids him, or (hall hope to tluvarc

The good intention s of an honeft heart.
For that which henu'n di reds Callages fee/
May injured ;
but not diuertcd be.
Seekc then no furt hcr,honeft meanings can
Make ifhuummjt bcft policy in man*
 If.

To THE DYKE OF LINOX.

\Ty Hat
Your
necde I further ftriue to amplific
high-borne worths 3and noble dignitic:
Then by thefc beauthw fowres, which declare;
Your mind's faire puritie, vnftain'd,and bare :
Thefe golden Buckles bordring them about,
A Palizado,to keepe Foulenefle out.
 EMELEAiE lo.

jro/fiand Lyon once

together met,
THc
And by agreement they their purpose &e
To hunt together: when they had obiainde
Their bootielong purfude,the Wolfe rcfrainde
No more then formerly, from greed inefle :

The Lyon apprehending, that much leflc

Might fatisne a beaft no bigger growne,
Thought all the purchafe rather was hisownc:
And thought fuppreffion oFa bcaflfobafe
Was inftice^ to prefer uc the common race
Of harmlcik beafts > then fpeedily he teares
The welft, to takeaway their vfual! feares;
Eu'n thus when our great Mwarck clearely faw,
How that infatiatc ivolfe of Rome d id draw
More riches to his coffers then dcare foules
5

To Heau'n,helike this Lyon then controulcs

His vfurpafcion,deeming him a (taue,
Who more intended to deuoure, theniaifc.
But you Icnowbeft to follow, in free courfe^
Tk Beft in bcft things 3 and pade by the worfo
Da
 29,

To THH MAR-Q.VESSE OF Bye KIN CHAM,

A LL that we fee is
^and delishcs
** The eyes which comely
; are pleas'd "with preticus
ftill

And (as your golden Scallops) You appeare (fights

;

To proroifi (that which we may value deare/

More then a glorious out-fide, which container
Mcate,notto bediiclos'd without duepaines:
Thus is it (care e to be imagin'd how
Defert ih'ould paralcll your worth, or You.
 ale

EMBLEMEli ,

glorious StArre attending on the Snnne r

THis
Having, from this low world, iuft wonder wonnc
For brightnesjEwi;/*, that foulc Stygian brdnd,
*

1 extmguifli
it thrufts forth her gieedie/W7<tf:
To catch from its mounted moving place.
it

And huric it lower to obfcui'd Difgrace :

But while fhe fhatches, ro put out the flam^
Foolifhly fiers \i& fingers with the fame.
Who others glories ftriuc t' eclipfe(poorc
Eli.es)
Doe but drawedpwne ferfc-mifchiefe on thcmfelucs.
You \vaiting on the Sttnne of Maie/l/e
May that eUmpmg Heliotropimn be :

Still in
your Eclipticke runne^ circle
bright
Y' are out of Envies teach, fo neare the Sunnc .

Mouc faircly, 6 eely in your wonted Qthe^

Aboue the danger ofDflnt&tw curbe,
And her felfe-burfling Brood fit there,contemne,
:

Nay laugh, and fcome both their deipight und them* ?

 To THI LOKP CMAMBIRLINS

VT Ot becaufe you are given to rage or fpoile,

^^ Likera/wtf
^ T .1
Nor yet becaufe
r* ./%*
y0/e,which deferue a Toyle
devided
;

your gifts be,

Do Lyons thus divide themfejues in three :

But (whenprovok'd)to fliew you can reiift.

Or fhew your courage when Your Honor lift :
Or thus in number they doe Jooke one way,
To fliew, what YDU command,your friends obey,
plxt hecrc fnow-vefted Pietit rcraaines
* Al-pure,and in all purc,parg'd from thcftaincs
Of nlltalfe worfhip,chafte as aire^vntainted
With the foule blemifhcs of that al-painted
Proude Curtizan : nor wander do's her mind,
Shcc beft content in Conftancy doth find :
TQAletheas pillar clofe (heelings,

Maugre the rapting ftraincs Romts Syren fings:

Who is athirft 3 anddo's but touch her Cup,
Drinkes,with delight,his foules (aluation vp.
Thus comprehends (he ioyes, which moft would buy
At the hjgh'ft rate3 in this one ConfMcy^
So aboue others may your Honours (bine,
As paft all others, do's this forme Dittine,
Wich her ingenuous Beames blaze bright in you,
"Who's doubly gilt, with Her> and Learning too*
 ToTna E/.RLB OP AIVKDELL.

}N Gtdes you beare the figure of a fend

^Betwecne croffe crbffeletsfixt : which all intend
Rightly to (liadow Noblt birth ^ adorn d
With valour, and a Chriftian
caufe^not fcorn'd
By nny but by Infidels, and they
Miftaking this, their hel-brcd hatedifplay.
But to
Icauefliadowes5you (fubftantiali; fliine
With thofe good
things, which make a man diuine.
 2*)

ZMBLEME 13.

(honour djirj that th'heatc of Princes loue*

KNow
Tlirow'n on thofe rcall ii *nhs9 good men approue
r

Doth, like the radiant pb&'btis fliinihghcrc,

Make fruitfull vercue at full height appcare:
7'illuftrate this in you, were to CQqfdlc.
How much your Goodncffe doth your Gremnejfe bleffc,
By its owne warmc reflexe: Thus bothiiiruiuc,
And both i'th Sunnc of Roy.dl f.utoRr thriuc.
O may's reuerbcrating.rayts ftillnourifli
Your noble Worths and make your rmites flourifh*
^
 **,

To THE EAULE OF So VTH-HAMPT

ftormc of troubles, or cold fiofts of Friends,

NOWhich on free Grata,too too oft,attends,
Otn/by prefumptionj threaten your free ftate :

Foriheie preiaging p*-tor4$ doeamate

Preiampcuous c?r^4/:.mouing the beft mindts,
By their approach, to feare the future windes
Of all calaniitie, no le(Te then they
Portend to-fea-men a tempeftuous day:
Which you foi'cfeeing may before hand crofle,.
As they doe them^ andlb prevent the loiTe.
 Hat coward St0icke,ot blunt captaine will
\7\7
V V Dislike this or not labour
Vnion^ (till

To reconcile the Arts and viffory?

Since in themfelucs Artshaue this quality,
To vanquiili eirours trainer what other thai*
Should io.ue the Arts 3 if not a valiant man?
Or,how can he refolue to execute,
That hath not firft learn'd to be refblute?
If any fliall
oppofe this, or difpute,
Your great example fliall their fpite confute.
E z
 To TUB EAULB O?

ons gardant wifely fecmc to rake

* The name of-
gardant, for the flowers Hike :

A s if they kept the flower-de-luces thus

From them, who any way obnoxious,
Might gather them: it is a noble part,
To kcepe the glories purchafcl by tkfert.
 JO.

EMBL E ME 12.

di(- united, none:

Trifleclfifejl
THis
But knit by taitrb,nrrindiuiduall One.
Standing vnmoou'd like an heroicke
rockc,
Affronts the batt'rics of fierce Enxies fhocke.

loyn'd in vnfeuer d threefold

Royall paire-roy all (fee; three are the fame,
He that hath this paire-royall wins the game.
View, how this hearc3 andhowthefe hands agree,
Whofe heartland hands are onc,thrice happy hcc.
And though two hands, yet but one are thefe'two,
Both doe the fame,and both the fame vndoe.
Concord makes in a million, but one heart,
Whereat fterhe Hate may leuell her fierce dart,
A nddcepely wound too,yct can not that wound
DifanimatCjOr her free thoughts confound :

But with a double wdoitr (he vp-bcnrcs

Such hearcs 3 aboue the ftroke o[ bafer rcarcs.
Thus you within hauerais'd vp fucha for:,
As keepcs out Ills, and doth your good iupporc.
 To THS EARII O* EISB x-

He chicfeft of this Scuchlon

comprehends
_
Three 7>ta#Vjwhich vntoaB commends
A firme and plenteous
liberality
Proper to you 3 and to your familie .*

Aria this one vertue, in

you fcleare as day)
Ail other vertues dements
diiplay.
 E MS EM EIt 16.

wild, or defperatefoole can hence collc-ifr

NO Proofe to applaud his vice, or to protecl:
Nor can this F/g/tre dviUwarre.portend,
Whither oppofe, or whither it defend:
But auntientr^/<wr,that which hath atlvanc'd
Our Predecejfoiirs y (\\'\-[][e
fine Courtiers danc d)
That's heerc infer'd^ to re-infcrme the mind
By view of inftanccs, wherein we find
Recorded ofyoar Auaccftric,v/hofc fame
Like forked thunder, threaten'd cowards iliaro e;
Who fearing, left on their debofli'd bafemcrir,
Hcav'n fliould drop Bolts a
3 by flame-winged (pirit.
 To THE EARLI OF DOKSET.

true 5
your various Bendtlius
quarterly
TIs
Defcrib'd^poynts out the great antiquitic,
OfHonour, and offertut truely clnim'd
By Yoiijwhohaucprcfcru'd them free, vnmaim'd.
Let none that's generous thinkc his time ill
ipcnt,
To imitate your worths fb eminent.
 33-

EMBLEMS 17.

world whole and cheifc

THe happincflc,
Nay more, whofe wifedome lies in
delight,
Affitite^
Rather then Knortkdge-\a\mes the largeft fliarc
Of that which plcafeth moft: nor doth it care
To comprehend a higher my fteric :

And therefore well doth naturc<Jignific /hood

Th' afcending point ,with heau'ns nccre neighbour
Leauingto earth what's gfeat^ to heaii'n what's^W.
Which you perceiuiug5wifely doe beftow, low.
Your thoughts on Hcav'n, your wealth on things be-
 Crejcent to a fccond Hoiafe belongs,
THe
The golden Cref'cent (worth a Poets fongs^
Well appcrtaincs vnto thy Houfe and thtc9
Thou Arch-fupporter QfM****g4*try.
For not the vaprous breath of bad report,
Can cloud the fplcndour thou dcferu'ft in Court
But as in gold no ruft can finde a place.
So hath thy Crcfccnt noenforc'd di%acc.
 EMBLEME

bufie Bees vnto their Hiue doe fwa

ASSo do's th'attra&iue power tfMuficke char me
All Eares with filent rapture : nay,it can
Wilde Reafon re-contraft,diuorc'd from man.
Birds in their warblings imitate the Spbtares:
This {ings the Treblejhat the Tcnour bearcs:
jiet/ls haue with liftning to a Shepheards lay,

Forgot to feed, and (b haue pin'd away :

Brookes that creepe through each flowr-befrcttzd fielJ,
In their harmonious murmurs, mufickeyeeld :
Yea,(cnfclefre/0# auhe old Poets fang,
Themfelues in heapes did fb together throng,
That to high beauteous ftru&ures they did fvvcll
Without the helpe ofhatt^or v(e ofskill :
This Harmony in t'humnneF^m/re'ftealesf
And is the fmcwcs ofall Common-weales.
In you this Concord s fo dimnely placed ;

That/> by;^,not^ by it is
graced.
F 2
T Et there be no addition, this atone
*-> Will make an
Embleme^ and a perfcft one,
Conceiue it thus then ;. A Darts forked head
Apt to endanger, though not ftrikingdcad.
Such or (hould be every noble mind*
is,
d
Prcpar like this in moft refolued kind
To wound, or kill offcnfiueinmry, .

And though vnurg'd^yet threatens dangers nje.

 EMZLEME 19.

slcmt do's in contemplation fit,

HErc
Diftinguiflhing by forrnes,the
foule of wit :

Knowing,pcrteftion ha s noproper grace,

If wanting Or der^N umber, Ttmt&v P/acei
The T&orwfcand Pratftckepart muftbe
As heate and fire : the Stwne&nA Claritie :
Such twins they are,and fuch Corrclatiues,
As the one without the other feldome thriucs.
Ho wean a man the feates of Armes well doc,
If not a Schollcr^nd a Souldiottr too ?
Ifeither then be miffing in'sduc place,
Defed fteps in sand fteales from all their grace :
On gooxl afts you employ the /w^/Vfo part,
The Theory lies lodg'4 within yourhcart*
F 3
 3*.

To THE LORD VJSCOVNT

\7\7 EN may y u neuer

^ V Ofthatmofthallowcd
^
*k c want j

andinftrud:ingCr^(7V,
3
On which our Saviour di'de : for thcfe will fliew
The many bletfcd thoughts of that, in few :

Hecrc you may over-looke the world, and fee

Nothing fo plentifully crofles be :

Thence you may take occafion to prepare

Your foulc,to beare thofe that worfe croffes are.
Thcfe are the badges of Your noble breft,
That wilkondud You to heavens quiet reft.
 37-

EMBLEME 20.

playes the
Courtly Sycophant 5
and thus
THus
Sclfe-pleafing Sinnc, which poyfons all of vs :

Thus playd the whore whome the wife King dcfcribc^

Thus he who rayles at, and yet pockets bribes :

Thus playes the Politittin^ who will (mile-,.

Yet like this Serpent fting your heart the while.
Bung vp thync cares then^ or fufpeft the harmc,
When fwcctccyllffliai* words begin tochaiTnc
Kutyou, CM tbcfe <vnmask l>y knowing bcjl
How to kccpcfucbfrom lurking vecrryonr
 LONDON,

TT Wo /words there bc,which all Diuincs (hould take,

"
E re they this viftory can make:
perreft
a
Prcuailing Languages powertuJl one 5
Zealc for the truth, the other: thefc hauc done
More noble afts,then warrc could euerboaft:
Both are in your Field fburui 3 clfe- where lo/L
though
 EMBLEME. 21.

(Right Reuerend) here youfilcncc

MEthinkes
Viewing this ZmWtmtfr it thus bcfpeakc:(breakc,
Ride on Triumphing, makea glorious fhew,
Catch thofe 3 \vho oncly but thy Out-fide know :
Hold forth thy witching Cttp^ aduance thy Crovtwe,
And'Mounted thinke thy felfe paft pulling do\v nc :

Yet be prou'd no more,

after all, thou canft
Then a deluding , and deluded whore.
G
 SJW^-and
KefgftQ Church-men beene bequea-
THe
Smce Paul and Peter were of life bereaued : fthed,,
The Keycs, a type of Prayers^hkh unlocks
Heau'ns glorious gates,to let in thofe that knocke.
The Spirits zealous, and fbule-fauing word^
Is(badow'd by the (innc-fubduing Sword:
OfffWand Sword th'incorporate qualitie
Ha s power to heaue bafe earth aboue the skie*
Your power full ,and vidorious elegance,
Which oucrcomes bold vieeand arrogance^
Do's proue,no weapons to the Church belong,
But fiich as Heau n makes to encounter wrong :
N or d o's your Gentry d iffer : Lozenges
Are curing Cordials Gewrou* thoughts like thele.
:
 45'

MMELEME iz.

T) Ehold, on what the Ronuine Faith confifts :

*J So toft by Errours winds; fo lapt in Mifts**

That their Arch-pilotfade can rule thcftcrne?
He lackes foundation,therefore ftiii to learae
How to make's Ship his Harbour . O I wonder
Th'ore burdcn'd VeiTell crackes not quite afundor,
And unkes not dow ne, oppreft by its owne weight,
With Imf ull Joules fo iluft, and over-freight.
The high Anenge^ though he feemes to faile)
With winced wrath will fplit their proudcft faife.
Heairnsyion-h;ind (mod {lowly heau'd aloft)
Palls quicke^lead-furc^md home,although not oft
All willi, for their fakes of Romes iimplcr fort,
Thatvourniizht flcerc theirveflcll to the Port;
 To Tne BISHOP OP EJLT

TJTOw much more bettermay you challenge thcfe,

** Then your Prfdcceffors,
all who in cafe,
And floath (you being confidcr'd) did ncglcd
[hat which dcfcrucsa Crown c,or
' goodre/pccl:
he ic then the Heralds
1
may thinkc rather due,
Not to your place of (late, but vnto
you.
 BMBLEMS

flill its owne , cannot be loftj

Religion
Nor from it felfe diuorc'd, though to the moft.
Who iudge by guefTe and flignt formality,
There mightappeaiefchifme inDiuinity :

When notDitwitj, which cannot change>

But humane reafon to fchifmcs vild doth range :
For fo the fruites of diners plants may feeme
Diuers in quality and men may deeme
:

Nature hath err d in fuch a fcrious courfc.

When both condder'd be the fame in force.
You, that beft iudge of Schilmcs, can clearcly fee,
Error term* d Trut h> and Truth tcnn'd Hcrcuc.
Gi
 4*.

To THS Loa ZOYCIC

\\Q\vn\wrthyfpirit notimployde
SEe,
May fecme to lookers on 5 or vaine,or :
voyd
Thcfe golden peeces thus vnfhap't, vncoin'd,
Sccme as ifworth and they were quite diiloyn'd j

When bralle or copper being ftanip't orfranul

Into the fliape ofplate, is oft mifnam'd,
And oft mifhken for thepureft gold .

Biit you are ever adiue 3 and enfold

Your pretious fubftance, that your felfemay take,
Hwows true ftair.pc 5 what's countcrfcite foriakc.
 47.

EMBLEMS 2

?Mus and the Sacred Sifters (ft,

HEcrc
Chicfely attending Harmcme, and wit:-
Who ftay to hcare the dying Swans to fing
Sad Spaas-, riding on the TheMw Spring.
Hcere the wingd-Horfes hoof e digs vp that wH
Whence gurgle ftrcames of Art&md iacred Skill.
Divines (like Pegtfus) divinely mooue
In Man/pringsofprofound^nd precious louc
Tohcav'nly wiftdomc^\j\\Q t'ech paffingby,
Poynts out the path- way to Etemitif t

And vvhilft You doe your noble thoughts confine

To what Divines preach^ You become Divine,
 *To Tm LORD

E thinkes, I fee in this,the true eilate

Of man Ml fubieft to a luckleflc fate ;

As the grcatcft
it
Crojft did reprefcnt
The gcnerall curfc, which even all over went.
From Adam to his wretched progeny:
The letter Cro/fts which accompany
The g -eatcr,bc each fcvcrall haplefle chance :

And ail together fliev/,that ignorance

Is
irrecoverably blind, where none
Prcvcr, cs what
happens thus to every one.
But You doe well fupporc the
waighticft croflcs
With Patience,and efleemc thcm"but Mes,
light
 49*

MMBLEMZ

whofe blind folly doth not fo maintainc

YEe,
A former choicc^but yce may chufe agamc :
Andyee 3 \vhofc innocence ('not knowing yet
The worfe from better) careleily doth let
Botb'rcft vrichofen now begin to make
:

Your new,pr firft choice, ind heere wifely tak c

The patterne if you wo.iid enclitic to Peace,
.

Louc bookes \vith Pertnc itor'd. fo viU dccreafe

Your troubles thofcwillbrin^fucb powerfull fame
:

As (hall the fterneft Lyon (boneft tame.

Experience Icadesthee to this certaine choice
Chufc then at firft , to erirue , or to reioicc.
You hauc already cbofcn true Content :
Nor needs vour Honour cuer to repent.
R
 JO.

T Etpards hauecuer
ranked bin among
L'Thofe nobler beafts,which are both fwift otftrong,
to a dexteritie,
Svpifaes alludes
Or quicke difpatch without temeritie.
Their strength alludes to l^gement which indures ,
Wnen fiafhiftg mt no long delight aflurcs.
Make thcfeyourowne, and then youbearedifplay'd;
Your Scutchions morrall,in your fclfe pouriray'd.
 51.

EMZLEME

irtcru* were affign'd.

,
To be the three chief e ornaments of mind.
JQUC figur'd Providence^Mtner HA jvit,
phbM>Content: and all that purchai d it
Wcllarethey featcd in a holy place,
To (hew the ContinentoFall, is grace:
It fccmes that yon hauc well confider d thus
;

The fair ft of titles is,fo//*/*/#.

H a
 To THE LoRP DARCIE.

healtb-preferuing /r thus inly fixe

THele
Amongft the Cn/elftstfheW) heau'ns fauours mixt
With all calamities thatleazeon man,
Ifpatiently he enterrainc them can,
To find cure then for Croilesjookeaboue.
Sce,i!l made wdl by heau'ns all-curing ioue.
 n*

C Leepe,being the type ofdeath darkncffemufl

: be
^The (hade of- that,which wecuanilht ice :
Menfo'departedjthatitmaybefaid,
A Birdjas well.as fuch aman,is dead :

thou Iiuit 5 the cloudes ofdeath away:

Chafe,\vhile
Or dying, neuer looke to fee
more dav.
You haue on earth, fo ftudied heau'ns delighr,
Thatyou can neticr be oblcur d : though night
Should threaten to obfcure.noonc-dav,y*t will
darkcftiil.

Hs
 THE LORD Wo trow.

affli&ions be well cxpreiT't

SEtlcd may
Vndcr this forme of &tjfos,vinich men bleft
Hauc ftill indur d to proue their patience:

But I would rather in another fence

Haue this appli'dc to fuch a man,\vho{c vowes
Haue fixt him to the faith chrifts Church allowes
And fuch a man (/corning vngroundedwrongsj
Are you, to whom this fixed Crofft belongs.
 EMBLZMEi*.

Path that vp to wifedome leades

TH'afcending'
Is vneuen,
rough, fteepe : and he that treades
Therein, muft a
many tedious Danger meet,
That, or trips vp, or clogs his wearied feet:
Yet led by Labour , and a quicke Defoe
Offaireft Ends fcrambles, and clambers higher
Then Common retch : ftill catching to holdefaft
O n ftrong'ft OccA/iofij& he come at laft
Vp to Her gatCj whereZ^crw^ keepes the key,
And lets him in, Her bed Things to furuay :
There he vnkend ("though tohimfeJfebeftknownej
Takes reft, till Time preients him with a Crowne :
In queft of this rich Prize, your toyle's thus graced:
Euei to be in T inies beft Border placed*
 TANHOP*.

His cntcrchang'd variety of Fr/rrt,

A-nd naked quarters, fitly doc concurre,
To (hew the lealonablc contenting it ore
That rich wile men imoyjalikc with poorer
Both areprouided {'left they might cake harme)
To keepc their innocence, both fafc and vyarme.
 MB LEME 29.

hccrc,chrijt Arongty foftifi'd,

JMagtnc
Againft the Popes bold hcrefie and
pride :

And thinke,whilft his Accomplices combine

The Caftlc ofchr'Jls truth,to vndcrminc j
A flame breakcs forth,which doth confume them all:
So (ceking his,thcy mcctc with their owne tlill.
And thus whilft hcrctickcs ("like wretched clues^
Out-ftarcthc Truthjhcy doccondcmnethemfclucs,
Subicfted to the twofold victory
Of Twhjind of their ownc impictic.
Take refuge then^in Hcau*ns ctcrnall reft,
And fee Chrifto foesagainft thcmfclucs addreft.
 To TB LOAD CAUBVV,

nobleft
partsof wifedomej& clearew,
THe
High Coura^Cy and vcctucs kinne to
iucli it;

Should ever be prorecding,and goe on

l?orward,ns (c'emcthcfc Z^^/;vrg'd of none.
So (like to tliefc) You kccpca paflant pace,
Till wijcdff&t Icatc You in your wiflied place.
 EM BLEME,

united geminat e theirforce,

Forces
And Ib doth vertue: never fhould remorfe
Nor obftacle reftraine that man }who may
Strengthen his vertues by a noble way:
Who cannot perfedbe needes not repent
3

To add hisowne t anothers Prcddent

And he that is entire may therewithal!,
By others hclpe prone more effcftuall.
So helpc me Learning,a*I doc not know,
Where I tiv&Emblcme fitter may beftowe.
I 2,
 To THB LORD HAYS.

chiefe elements of white and Red

*-* Is ailthat
in.your Coate is figured :

Moris it
needfull,any thing fliould be
Added to this luoft
copious myflcric:
Gulfsvpon Argent-to conceit arc plaync,
AndpourtrayoucaliiC without Ail flame,
 EM2LZME 31.

C Ee **** feated in her beft of pride,

*3 Whofe fountaines never ebbe,ever full tide
At every change :fee,from her {breaming heart,
How rivulets ofComfort doe impart
To trortb dryde vp by mnt and to aflwage
5

The drought tfrerttte in her pilgrimage.

Looke, how her wide-ftretchtjfruii-befurniflit hand
Vnlockt to trueP<?y?r/, do's open ftand:
But iffhefhould not be Z>^/^rcgarder,
Yet is it3 in it felfe, its owne rewardcr.
This Emblems not prefcnted (Noble Sir^
Your bounteous nature to awake,or ftir .

For you arc Bounties Almner^ and do's know,

How to refraiuc,deib:ibute, oi 5
bellow.
 To TH

BY thcfe life-Iengthning lAztnges, are fhow'n

Carts to cure JUs&y times corruption grown .

To comfort Vertoes heart,at point to die

Ofa Confumption,and dotn bed-rid lie :

This Starrest Ittjlice is,which not blind,

is

(As th'ancient Hicroglyphickes her defin'd^

But fearcheth out with qukkc diicerning eye
ThTiard difference twixt Faith andftfay.
Thefe #>*&5 asyet vnlearnt to light on earth^
Figure that 7^/^,which from Heau'n
has Birth3
And fcornes to looke fo low^as bafe refoe ft
Of its ownepriuate<W/,and Truth neglect.
Carejrrutk,and Jujtice thus vnite, we lee
Make in their Gcodxejfe mixt^a Sympathy,
On whofe ioynt pinions t! ^ EUalmes Peace vp-towrcs
T 'her Chaire of State fubfifteted by your powrcs.
,
 ZMBLEME 32-

that illuminates the midnight,

SHe may "
Be w ell admitted to take reft all
day :
Yet haue our antique Poets rathermade
Night- wandflng I04t'hau.ea daily Tradej
Reporting, that by day QIC takes delight
To hunt wilde creatures,and then (bines at night :
Teaching Cor I miftake) how Magiftrates
Should quell */Ww inallciuiil States.
In darknefle they fhould watchfull iniight kcepe,
To hunt out Vice, when men are thought afleepe
For Mifcbirfc(*& in darknefle^ skulkcs difguis'd,
And therctore needs fbmc watchfully aduis'd,
Who hauing fcnted out this fecret game,
May then purfue them to a publickc (bamc.
But your decpc wifedomes, bcctcr knovv,tlieti this,
What ia our Common-wcdc moft nccdfullis.
 "rT&YVj-f f*****^ ***

pBRITANNA ^vjv^-^
'
-~

OR A GARDEN OF HBROICALl^ll
Deuifes, furnifhcd, and adorned with Emblcmes
and Imprefisot fundry natures, devifed ,
Newly
"rlcft^, atdfMI/bedy

aBi<id^v^^>w>^^^
BE^^ss^esag^^T^iati^^i^^^

Printed in Shoe-lane at the

fignc
of the Faulcon by Wa Dight .
:
 g' Nift dejttper .

To my dread foveraigne i A M E s 3 Kiitgvfgrta BRITAIN

A SECRET arme out ftretched from the side,

dtfcn Thvfe,
"^^ In double chaine a Diadem doth hold :

nJv'i B M Whofe circlet boundes 3 the Beater BRITANNIEJ

mwm**
e rc " ^rom conquered' pRAVNCE to*THVLE fung of old
3 :

cbujjsn , Great i A M E s, whofe name be yond the i N D E is told-

SS
We
Jcfiru To G o b obli ged fo by two-fold band ,
Thiienid.
As borne a man 3 and Monarch of this land .
Thus fince on heauen 3 thou wholly doft depend :

Home f .
And from * aboue thy Crowne 3 and being haft :

With malice vile, in vaine doth man intend y

TVnloofe the knot that GOD hath link't (b faft :

Who flioof s at heaven 5 the arrov; downe atlaft

Lightes on his head and vengeance fall on them
:
,
That make their marke, the Soveraigne Diadem .

tiafiivDoton.- NuWbus en duplici vinftmn

Dj^4cma careiw , N->n alia te
Icgc Dcus ( I ACOBE ) \i;

i*. i .
pag. i , Q^od procul 4 noftro fulUnw oi-bc maaus
:
Qucm rcgcte jinperio , fecit, et cffc viru
ii Sic t acem habfmus . z>7 ,
1
ss/7/f' ^y

To the High and mightie I AMES, King ofgreate Britaine,

HP
*
WOO Lions flout the Diadem vphold,
Offamous Britaine 3 in their armed pawes :

The one is Red , the other is of Gold ,

And one their Prince , their fea , their land and lawes 5
Their loue 3 their league : whereby they ftill agree ,
In concord firme , and friendly amitic .

BE L Lo N A henceforth bounde in Iron bandes y

of mild triumphant PEACE,
Shall kifle the foote
Nor Trumpets fterne,be heard within their landcsj
En vie {hall pine and all old grudges ccafe :
.,

Braue Lions , (ince, 's lai 'd a fide

,
your quarrel!
On common foe 5 let now your force be tri 'de .
Vtnim fuAcnwnt gcmint DtaJcma LCOBCJ , Fec-'-trc ivngur.tw Hniili, coeloquc, f
Concordes vno Principe , in cnto, fide . Nau aubus Pax
t hc inviclahda otjac t
31 Protegert Regiwm
,

D.CKHJ.CJ
'a ntfnfa
o
.' a
a nan a

deadly toes , their engines hauc prcpard

WHILE \s ith hiric fierce to batter .downe the wallcs ,
,
,

My dutie is the Citie gate to guard ,

And to rebate tlicir Rammcs , and fierie balls :

So that iffinncly I do ft and \vhhout,

>

Within the other nccdc no daunger doubt

,

Dread Sovcraignc I A J/JES., whole puiflantnamc tohcarc,

The Turke may tremble , und the Traitor pine :

Belou'd ot'all
thy people and necrc :
,
farrc
Bee thon'5 as this Port-cullies^ vnto thine ,
Defc'.ul without , and thou within fnalt fee ,
A thbuiand thoufand , line and die with thee .
Obfcffis ut onem tcrt > nujnirrinc.pr.Tftcm,
Qia? non fuOineo tlamna crcata milii.
Sis catavafta tins (animofc Monarcha ) Britannia,
Intusetinvenics pcdurafirma tibi.

Imperii, aut G!us rrovinci.-.rum

Si ftatus

niiifcmJKavcrtatur,dcl*^bit (Prkccps) Tacit JI;'ft.

 : tctLtcobttm
45 Regtm .

\^\V HtL
y
7" E I lay bathed in my natiue blood ,

And yeelded nought fane harfti & , hellifti foundes

AndTaue from Heaucn , I had no hope of good ,
Thou pittiedft ( Dread Sovcraignc ) my woundcs y
Repair'dft my mine, and with Ivoric key ,

Didft tune my ftringes that ilackt or broken lay

,
.

Now fince I breathed by thy Roiall hand ,

And found my concord by fo fmooth a tuch ,

,

I giue theworld abroade'to vnderftand ,

Ne're was the muficlc of old Orpheus ftich ,
As that I make 5 by meane ( Dearc Lord ) of thcc ,
From diicord drawne , to fweeteft vnitie

Cum mea hativo fquallercnt fccptra cruorc ,

Edoque lugubrcs vndique fraAa modes :

Ipfe rcdux nervos diftendis(Phoebe ) rebclles ,

Et itupct ad noftros Orpheus ipfe fonos .
 Ex vtroqus Immortality .

Adpijjfimum lacobttm mAgn& Britannia Regem *

*8oims'Prmeep*
T> VT thou wlicjfc goodnes 5 Pictic jand Zeale ,
Hihilodifferta "-^ Hauc cauf'd thcc ib , to be bclou'd ofthine ,
bonopatrc.
* Hinc animam (When envious Fates , lliall robbe the Common wcale ,,

inrerc a ca-fo de
Of fuch a * Father ) ("halt for ever fhine
5
:
eorporc ra;>tanv
I
;
ae mt-'.ii- vtfeun- Not turn'd as * C*far to a fained ftarre ,
,
per Opitr.!ia * Saint in
Butplac'd a 3 greater glory farre .
prfifpectet luiius
With whome mild Peace/, the moft ot all defir'd;
And learned Mufc toll end their happie dayes 5
*
titia
P:etatc,etTuf- While thou to all eternitie admir'd ,
jPrincipcs
Dljliant. ~4u%uf- Shalt aiue afreili , in after ages praife :
Or be the Loade-ftarre 3 of thy glorious North ,.

Drawing all eies , to wonder at thy worth . .

Tc tua fed Picas omni mcmnrahilis .wo ,

Stduc ad xcerni Ca-faris vfquc ferct :

luflitiaoccumbet tecum , quia Mufa , Fidcfque

In patriani , raris pax et habeiuia locis ,
 i
5 TO THE THRICE-VERTVOVS,AND
FAIREST OF QVEENES, ANNE QVEENE'
OF GREAT BRITAINE.
In ANNA regnantiuin arbor.
ANNA Rrit.wnortiffl Reginx .

A N
^* OliuelojVVkh braunches faire dilprcd,
Whofetop doth fccmc to peircethc uzurc skic ,
Much fecining to dil'.laitie , with loftic head
Nnnc'iflci
of T H E S S A !. 1 F.
,
,

ion Lrpioneo , Faired of Qiiceacs, thou art thy &1& the Tree ,
cri .i'.e fi.maim-
xfa mooiinenta Tbc fruitc thy children, hopcfull Princes three.
m nunici i'm
a-
Which thus I ghc/& 3 fiiail witli their outftretcht armcs ,
In time
o'rcfpreadBuropa's continent ,
*
kc- To fhicld and lliauc , die innocent fro;p harmcs ,
But overtop the pruud and infolcnt :
Remaining ,raigning , in their glories grccnc ,
\\"hi!c man on earth , or Mconc in bcaiicn is fecnc .
 Ji Gratior .
corporf pulchro

TO THE RIGHT NOBLE, AND MOST

TOWARDLY YOVNG PRINCE, CHARLES
DVKE OF TORKE*

C
^ WEETE Diike,thit bear'fl thy Fathers Image right
* bodie as
Afwcll in y thy cowardly mind 5
Within whole cheeke v me ihinkes in Red and white
Appearc the Roles yet againc conioind ;
Where , nowfbe*re their warres appealed be,
Each, ftriucs with each y for Sovcraignitie .

Since Nature then in her faire -

Angell mould }
Hath framd thy bodic , flicw 'd her beft ofart :

Oh let thy miild the * faiu-il: virtues hold ,

Which arc the beaiftic of thy better part :

And which ( brauc CKAIH BS) (Trail make vs

3 loue thec more.
Then all thy ftate we
outwardly adore .

Ei.
 Exmali*rori&Ms boit& 3^-
leges.

To the moft iudicious , and learned , Sir FRANCIS BACON, Knight

H E Viper here, that ft-.mg the fTiecohcard fwaine ,

While caretes.of himfclte afleepe he lay , )
(
With Hyfopc caught , is cut by him in twaine ,
Her fat might take , the poifbn quite away ,
And heale his wound , that wonder tis to fee ,
Suchfbveraignehelpe, fhouldin a Serpent be.

By this fame Leach , is meant the virtuous King ,

Who can with cunning, out of manners ill
,

Make wholefome lawcs , * and take away the (ting ,

v

ctTc-uponct Cic t

Wherewith foule vice 5 doth greeue the virtuous ftill : i dc ie^Uui.

Or can prevent, by quicke arid wife forefrght, Salus Civtatu lit

Infection ere 3 it
gathers further might .

Afi a vcnciiaco pupu',ic tptcin vipera muriu ,

Dux Grcgis jifHirtDUuii ijeius aj hgile p^-ut :

Vipcreis iria.-m kt;cb e\ inui ibus api.-.s

Dottiis Api ;]!.) a con.kit 3itc b O LON .

:
Ovid Mctamer :

ritiii(iujrp;u. ina n.'jrj Cma'dcditlegc- ci quc Ub jo.

rccmmci- natuiaacuit (uiauMuj.X^nis I..v:a

TO
,0 fftsferv/re. 2O
To tie Right IhKtttr&lle and nyfowler good Lord HENRY
H o v v A R b Earie of
N'orilhanptott , LordPrtite Scale &c. .

HENRICVSHOVVARDVS Comes Northair.ptonienfis .

Anag-amma
Pitts , CaslHsktric mentis honor , mere honorax dm . thoris .

M fei^^>^S^^S ^S^ ^3^5^ v i

A SNOVV-VVHITE Lion hy an Altar flecpcs,

Whereon of Virtucare die Syriibolcs piac'c , )
(
Which dayand night , fuU
carcfiilly helcepes ,
Leaft that fo facred
diing .mought be defac't
By Time , orEnvie , who ijot farrc away ,
Doe lurkc to bring die fame vnto
decay.
GreatLord , by di* Alrar Picric is meat
,
1 hus , is virtue featcd fure *
whcrcvpoti
Which thou with deare chcriflimcnc
And pioteoceil -,

c oft bcft their

thy , fafetie to
procure
By howerly care , as doth this Lioa white
1
ipe ot thy miidnes , and
tJiy feared , might
2.
 with prouder faile,
NOR maymyMufe
name
Ore-pafTe your , your
greateD*&?,
birth r and beft deferts :

But lowly ftrike , and to thcfe cullors vaile 3

That make ye yet bclou'd in forrcin partes ,

In memorie of thofc difioined heartes
:

Of two grrcatkmgdomcSj.whQm your grandfire wrought

Till Buckle-like 3 them bothin one he brought
.

* ... Pax
optima
* Mild ?^hccrcin to makeatnendes againc , rerum
,
Q^jas homini
n
Ordauies your dates ye Hiall difpend in reft , vide da turn eft,
vaa triupai*
While Horror bound , in hundred-double chaihc , !x
mmeritispodor
1

At her faire feete 3 lliall teare her fnakic creft ,

And fifarf in vainc , with Trumpet fterne moleft
Our Mule , that (hall her lofcieft numbers frame ,

To eternize your S TE VVA R 7*5 Rokdlname ,

Cai rvuovic8:ees icernm

w dao, h*c iido prania digna tblic ; Tem-wa dac rebus DIVA quieu tuu
 Gloria .
Principttm

To the right truely Noble and moft Honourable Lord

,

WILLIAM, Earle of Penbrooke .

t A LAD IE fake 5 who with Maicftique grace,

**
Supportcs huge 5 and (lately Pyramis .
a
Such as th'old Monarches
( long agoe did place ,
i L v s bankes-
By N ,
to kecpe their memories ; )
Whole brow (with all the orient Pearlcs befet a )
Begirte*s a rich and pretious Coronet .

Shee Glorie is of Princes 5 as I find

Defcrib'd in Moneies , and in Meddailes old;
Thole Gemmes are^glorious proiedes of the mind 5
Adorning more their Roiall heades 5 then Gold.
da
n^jcn-'i pt* The Pyramis theworldes great wonderment 5
Cllt A: -'TO lit* Is of their fame fome * Moniment .
vnoit.iLa ;-:;'..
.,
lailing
Salv.it:
FaftaDucisvivint operofr.quc gloria rcrum
OvLUadL. ia.;
Hxc maiiet hxc avxuos cffugit vna rogos ,
 His orntri out nfori . /*fa^> />

To thf right Honourable , ad mo/l nohle Lord , H E N R Y ,

Earle of Southampton .

H RE E Girlondes once COLONNA did devize

.,

-*
For his Imprefa , each in other ioin'd ;
The firft of o L i v E , due vnto the wile ,
The learned brow, the L A v R L v greene to bind:
p.

The o K E N was his due aboue the reft >

Who had deferued in the B attaile beft .
His meaning was , his mind he would apply
By due defert, to challenge each , his prize :
And rather choofe a thoufand times to dfe ,
Then nor be learned 7 valiant , and wife .

How fewe alas,, doe now adaies we finde

( Great Lord ) that/beart 3 thy noble mind .
truely
 To the right Reverend t'Athcr //^GOD^IOHN Btfap ofL

Hic:l>oroji.
:i.pag: U
Liber omr,;'
!nii>rui finii

ell vrbi pul

r,r.tque mag f. M ,~
- _ /-
v .

cu; ardes co .
^
O HttldCV KCICS doth *HILARIE
, 1 I

COlUparC
A
?i:^T ThehoIypnilnu-softhatprophetiqueKing,
SSvuc Caufe in their Natures fo difpof'd they are 3
-*-)- 1 r- . , -v. I ) "* -i t- ' < <*-^l/*a-rf-* r>v r t i *-\ s4 *~, * J *

nor
cxpunat
- r r woulclft thoii in
y /jr.
thy Saviour' ftill reioyce,,
1
* with r ^or
tearcs '^ment and ^mne '
faf**** *}' ! pray ,
* J/Fii Or ^ g his praiies with thy heart and voice ,
n
^fe. Or for his mercies
^giuc him thankcsalway?
2 ^2"] '^ Ct D A v x T) s mcs 5 *a mirrour to thy mind > P^
But with his Zcale and
tomo
, heavenly fpirit ioin'd .
.
.. IVS :
I r-?crc,
;nnmicrr>saditushr<ji*>pc rccluJant
.-.

Uitti ttciiiit
-juos p?a M-ifa TC-IKS ',' Mcns quibui sihcrci pt> ili t Aiyla DEI.
 Jfhaltrora.

T the honourable the LordWootton .

"V/ E E Noblcft fprightes, that with the bird of i ovB ,

*
Haue learnt to lcaue,and loath _,
this bafer earth y
And mount, by your infpiredthoughtes aboue,
* To
heavcn-ward^omc-wardjWhcnceyou had your birth
Take to you this?
that Monarches may envie^
Your heartcs content 5 and high foelicitie .

You, yon, that ovcr-lookc the cloudes of care ,

And firiilcto fee a multitude of Antes ,

Vppoa this circle, ftriuing here and there ,

For THINE and MINE, yet pine amid their wantes;
While ycc your felues , fir as
fpeclators free,
l : roMi action , in their follies tragxdie .
 SYMBOLORVM

RA N
COTVRTI
udLuca

'

Jimiiiililil :,i. : i . i llill'&iillillllililillliiliTnill

 -

O
-

o. k

3 -
*IB
3 "
nono S S "
on n'^ , b S

DAD
CCD
n n tin *is
w <
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1

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a. u
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2 o
3 M s,s
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CX,
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itfl"
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vi tq , ^
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 22

CO

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Crf

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US
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SENTENTIO-
SE IMPRESE, ET DIALO-
GO DEL S V.M E ON E.

Can It i>erifceitione dclfito di d'Oucrm\i>

Gergolirtjd GfOgrafit
Ufivurd & temp/o d'^fpollinc VeUy:& tlfito
in hie-

roviyfico
monimicntO) nttiuitlifuitA Epitaffio. &
AL SBRENISS. DVCA Dl SAVOIA.

IN L TO N ,

AP R S S"O GV L f E L MO
i < o o.

CM Trittileno M Re.
 L E

IMPRESE DI M
GABRIEL S Y ME ON 1

F I O R E NT N I O.

PERI SER.ENISSIMIDVCA, ET
D V CHESS A D1SAVOIA.

L 3f
un di
Dioforta amorc & nome infronte*
Qui's dice
Ualtradi ricca Gemma Orientzde.
rcJaudcs*
Dotti
ambojonjltfangue Qgnvn Reale.
Chtdttrtquefia che lelorlodtcontc?
 M O R A L I.

D EL RE ET REIN A
DI NAVARRA.

Si mtil '

Ildur Diamanteseiduepiuchiarilumi,
fcmpcr
Altro non dicon con <vniftifcde>
Se non ctieifbn tvnjome I'altra herecte

C 2
 / MPX.ESE

GIOVIO, RID^OTTE & M O-

R ALIT A' DAL MEDESI-
MO SYMEONE.
DI CARLO V. IMPERATORE.

Ben conuenne a coftuitarditn imprefa,

J"
Affricagia cognolhe ilfuo valore, PJus view
Ctianchornel Regiofiglio
hogginon
Afoftrando talma a maggiorfatti accept.
f -3
 TETR.ASTICHI
Dl PAPA LI ONE X

_ _

SeilStgnornon loftratu&nonsadim:
<&lfa done
hoggtdal del talgratia
'JT
* 9 ^* x if^ ^^
/-*"**
 MORA L I.

non auenne chel'huom buono otto,

Se ben pare hoggi che tignarofia

Solo ejjaltztto,haueffe careftia,
Ne ctial vino wrt&'fkflc difotto.
 J/

IMPREST.

PRI.
SIGNOPI
32

DE 1, IMPEHADOR
brojondo, ttortc uis'
interpose,
ondlno'l
i'oani mcta c
cibamjffjjne cfuore; Haba&a il \monuol(r,ckc IOJA ?t
FBEtDEHINTJO^atJrate^tc m\r\re} A.ciafeit*t
atotioso ictntdco.
SWo ^wair " demon tutto
tltnonJp. Erodo godcraVrtnape tale
4 wvoMMc anull'altro fecondo, 1>afconfol(ita ftaiia,elmondo rco ,
arse ne[ cor
dqant<} avdtre VaftO<*ubwlf {didelprcpriomalf
'.

Di render a GBSVcieuato honors,

*rco immondo
 I

DEL CAPITAN GIROLAMO MATTHEI ROMANO.

tal Aon da la, Xatiiva, Qucl,
dw s o

C hf 'I finrcjicrro c-oo/cc H'o i'wnjjwe m<*g*r com uciocc

&gcn>ee
Sc ftclla ha Coy
intt^ua cfuiforyficualore ftniAtojigfio alto
D Oertarrt mortolitnftujfi ret; ferkuirttffftterne^ ajfeco ap.ofo
L '
dc I'huemo haue di lei,
"

"Borrdlajettaj a&io nitnicajmbando

aprudarq*
E tf'ogn* dtftin yofia maaaiore
rio .
Qwmrifin ritovnato il prime lo CO
ude armata difennc e di uatorc A.\a$Lot*ana Chiftf a in fu* auaptido
-

Iu'ixm dij^rancia^ fifotnini

~Dci "Do ArDiw in I'ardente jo co,

loSp/r
I! ardir di cofte't,
accompagnando
E/Kntefia (VgonofiVo
juror e .
 7>fa

S TttTANO PITTOAE ,

Joa. Puftn, ictli kotton,

j*irt /Wo aljammo
iff ftt
Jiuerfe
<ntHthUe HiRtu tmi ulcjk
aftpt ncjtri. ivetnttiffrt Mijiri.
H OH Junfjire ttt
*ifiwi
t hi colon XaTrTIAN", meroe i lt utntun,
<<i.*ra> tcnle Datura
t'ornaiojtn
: \?tnto kil'aftr,l'tntfune,e U Nttur*
 DEL . S . GIROLAMO RVS CELLI *

& aiuir'niJe /f i/wrAr httenapnc JrcemJe

B 'lv0 ltd no. cfirirjite rmc Itmri, D *
cetejhjafer tie
i ucrJi Alton

CrtJce,merceJiStelk time tjhtnle. Caff ere/tf it&ufcelttnfun*

d>ir

Dijnari ajemta.e ttfantifori: "Jfrrie

SFECVLVM
Principis omnium tcmporum
Foetartmi.

HOMERI,
Id eft argumenta xxiiij. libroruml&Ados
in quibta *rfj Prituipts Imago Poet he,
eltgnntifime exprimitur,

LES XXIin. LIVRES D'HOMERE

Reduia tfii tables demonitrauves figuiccs,pat

Crcfpm de Pafle , excellent graveur.

Chacquc livrc rcdi^c en jtgutr.ciu Pocricquc.

$A* If Mm /. UtUatre^ dt U Rtviere rouennoit.

r

bJtant in Ojficin* CR. PASSAEI

TRAIECTI BATAVORVM,
t Ainhcmiz apud loanncm lanflbniuni; Bibiicpoh
ANNO
 LIV. III.
DEVIL 0V SINGVLIERE
baUilicentre Alcxandre MeneUe.

Ks mart/its tri't.
vt/yv

BONA CAVSA DUS CVR>E. L'Oilsinli

nffcur^ chacun deux fe prepare
Lc Grcc 5c lc Troicn en .Ticfrne temps armts
Vontautievant dc- cequi Irs rend hullarmrs
In tUfntM eqtiititM
jfiofiti cuneosa^fedejlres Vnmurrsnf. laiiiemcntru!i5Ll' Jurrercparc <

tsfrigiui Pbrygijfy vm,fer* bettaminaniitr ; Quia veu qic!<]uc foisvnCavaliicrTactare

Cum PriMJiturtges Helena njor.fjraMey Pelaf^os Panadcf voltiMi a bras nud defarme
Co$nifiit Slaudatfa (lutes (plendcntibiu armie
II a vcu
VJi-nc-uu^ou! i'Hclennecbarm^
Indutos , Martei want Bafti'ft.vn fivt :*V ;iv>u:
:

quclabaultercmpare
jbirantia^ or*. II combat main * m^in zucc lc beau berger
Cirmnittit vatts iffo
fKoxf*dere**rtarites ,
Va.jnccr.tU faiil Pavjsccficubz lesion rangcf
Et fat ait
jttfto faw.ofd pramij fim* Alt x n Jtc de luy r<;m!te Hi dame
promc'
|
VicltritVifcmfg rapt: ?bryg* twhbusatru HcisTuncfoViiToocccc-T.pdchcceft e:F,iil,
i
Jpfa Vtmu t thaLvttcj, fatettjmvw**r 1^4 '-t cc
quc
'

I'un promift par 'uurre fuft ^cfluift

** *
~{au vaincceurq'uacplaiccn ionarc,
I
f*deris,*~tomto fcaden jpt riui 'u jw.

3 1
 LIB. VI.
HTLENT CONTIENT Lt CONSE1L DV PROPHE-
te Hciene, enfembie le colleque de Hcdor
Hcttorit cum Andwnah* wlkqui fit A femaie Andromache.

IN AD VERSIS AD DEOR.VM ri Ecuba & Priam a d vci is <T HellemU

t

recurrendum auzilium. nQu'ilcefalioitarmcr labouchcdepriere

Pour chaffer dcleurroaux vnc panic atricrc
Sidweo tentatam PilUdapepb,
A ccflc fin auflfy le pcuple y fotaadoiis
QVtAimw
l^jrdamdttiOj
nurm veneramtf /applies voct Et ievcux prompt cmtt;t (uent fur I'auttcr mif
lrM,iindiintm t Hecuba iccuil baigt e auchappcllecefp^tc
referant,& pi* donaferentet
Kequtt quam ; nee ttum quitdtir* rtucUcrefa* Er iaunt defplie fa id; ainfy fa prierre
Marulu poterat, vcl Divttmfanguirtecrctits. Dccffe en q in leg dieux t ant dc pouvoif onr nil
<j[d vcfevani lachnniM Tbebt* AppaiCe ton courroux & o'e noftrc infottune

'I'.irut &
cmtigii,& tc Mon ft ic toy dcforcnaitbe nigne &
opportune
puerfriftttt cafidutraliment cm ? Tandis Hc&or fafcM re.lcve Ic debat
-4>.<t Giiuci
ivfyiiem DiontedtmrnKntrc &
artKtft Renouve!ic ic choc Ghucui &
Diomcde
{ittsfnitewft prtcnl mctucndancufridis vmbram? Co(rbAttcnt cntte ttnt le Cicl forge vrt reroede
puhbrucGrnitatftbtnc Hector A in armit? 6t tec k'cnti boot atoh au mzHieu du combat*
I'd i'jr:.'lew

td dttfexto dtutntu eadue Hmcrw.

 LIB.XXIUI. LIV.XXIIII.
UtfONlTVS ACHILLES ACHILLE PAR L'ADVhRTISSEMENT
de I up itcr , rend le corps mort de Hedor
tri reddit Cddavcr Heelerft . a Priam,

CESSAT POST FY- T VppJter a A'chil' Tciidem i! envois

Dcra liver. lAtfinquildcJlai Halt de plus uranuifer,
I VffKter itaw fa*m Ptlidit oh irm Le corps du preux Hedor fr ns le martiiifcr,
t

1 Etfaintu drum jam dettjljtt* Ce dieu tout dc tech cf ins encor rcnvoic
A Pna{D,quj Mcrcur'arcmisfurUvois
*9<Lfug't*nAe Hefasfivhew
Qui ccs yeox tout batgncs nc pouvoit efpnifcr
Potifatum &
dtceat
tndiftAptntve mettm De vcrir ainfy d'Hcdcu.la gioirc rr.drptiler
TancTbetidcmnatonwritrKcm mil tit Qui feuft jadis J'hoMicur dc iafuppcrbeTraic,
Aehili' eu(V & rnnlb^qm monta nuitanrdor
um dif Qu pefdJi !e corps morr pirn o'un dr.p dc fin of,
r **tn Ceg'ind Maft%rcu(lcouverr&niisci) tepu-ture
Pa? miracle divift !es rooru i'aupis palnnic/s
Potredum ante pedest vtclum
*tqttt fUaiJitppbcc Qop plania (ur Hi tomb- avrtq !es lauricrs,
-f a S'ir.lbnt Icur prcmicro nature*
lltAttum :
ng 9i ifc fepaltum.
Fin dcs 24, L 1 V. d'Hom eic.
 INTRODUCTION.

A BRIEF REVIEW OF ENGLISH EMBLEM-

BOOKS PREVIOUS TO A.D. 1618, AND OF
THE MIRROR OF MAJESTY ITSELF.

I.

J1MBLEM-BOOKS by English authors have

never been numerous, and seldom original in
their conception and execution. The ground
was occupied by the writers of Italy, France,
and Germany, and thence were works of an emblematic
character transplanted to England, receiving such pruning
and dressing as might accommodate them to another
climate and soil. Our elder poets indeed make it evident
that there was no deficiency among us of fancy to
devise and of language to express thoughts in emblems.
Chaucer's Prioress (Cant. Tales, v. 160) had
' '
a broche of gold full shene,
On which was first ywriten a crouned A,
And after, Amor vineit omnia."
The Romaunt of the Rose abounds in allegorical descrip-
among which may especially
tions, be named, THE GOD
"
OF LOVE, and his " bachelere SwETE LOOKING, with
" turke " "
bowes two," and ten brode arrowes in two
bundles. In five of them, v. 948 ;

' '
was golde men might see,
all
Out-take the feathers and the tree.
66 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
The swiftest of these arrowes five
Out of a bow for to drive,
And beste feathered for to flie,
And fairest eke, was cleped Beautie."

The Well of Love is afterwards described, v. 1

567, and the
writer says,
" Downe at the bottome set saw I
Two cristal stones craftely
In thilke fresh and faire well,
But o thing soothly dare I tell."

The "two cristal stones" are the one "the mirrour

"
perillus ; the other the mirrour in which among a
thousand things more he saw, v. 1651,
" A roser charged full of roses
That with an hedge about encloses."

The monk of Bury St. Edmunds, John Lydgate, after-

wards to be mentioned, in his rendering of the Dance of
Macaber into English rhymes, presents no less than four
subjects for emblems in his four lines on God's Providence.
" God hath a thousand handes to chastise,
A thousand dartes of punicion ;

A thousand bowes made in divers wise ;

A thousand arblasts bent in his dongeon. "

The Turns of Fortune, by Sir Thomas Wyatt, need but
" "
the pictures and short poesies to be rendered into very
expressive emblems as ;

" He is not dead that sometime had a fall !

The sun returns that hid was under cloud,

And when fortune hath spit out all her gall,
I trustgood luck to me shall be allowed ;
For have seen a ship in haven full,
I
After the storm had broke both mast and shroud.
The willow eke, that stoopeth with the wind
Doth rise again, and greater wood doth bind."

So also might be rendered, from Dunbar's Dance of the

seven deadly Sins, the expressive lines, where
first of all in dance was Pride,
With hair coiled back and bonnet on side,
Like to make vaistie wanes ;
 BADGES OF ENGLISH SOVEREIGNS. 67
And round about him as a wheel,
Hung all in rumples to the heel,
His kethat for the nanes.
Mony proud trompour with him trippit ;
Through scalding fire ay as they skippit,
They girned with hideous granes,"

Lastly, Lord Sackville's description of Misery, Sleep,

and Old Age, at the beginning of the Mirrovr for Magis-
trates, shows how readily proverb and picture might be
employed to give to portions of his work all the charac-
teristics of emblematical device.
Misery's plight has been
portrayed, and the graphic description thus goes on :

"
By him lay heevy Sleep, the cousin of death,
Flat on the ground, and still as any stone,
A very corpse save yielding forth a breath :

Small kepe took he whom Fortune frowned on ;

Or whom she lifted up into the throne
Of high renown ; but as a living death,
So dead alive, of life he drew the breath."

If we may
rely on the testimony of Neugebaverus in
his Selectorum Symbolorvm Heroicvm Centvria gemina,
Francfort, 1619,* a year only after the Mirrovr of Maiestie,
there were Emblems in use by ENGLISH SOVEREIGNS
as early conquest of England by the Duke of
as the
Normandy. To William
I., king of England, he assigns
a Lion erect and preparing to meet an engine of war, and
two spears, the motto FORTITER RESISTENDVM, Bravely
must we withstand.
Henry I. has a ladder, the motto, PER GRADVS VELOX, Swift by the steps-
Henry II. an anchor erect, FATA VIAM INVENIENT, The fates 'will find
a way.

* A work of very which we have the beautiful 1 2th

similar character, of
edition, 1666, before us, had appeared
1601, 1602, and 1603, containing
in
about 350 Emblems, with their mottoes and devices. The title is " SYMBOLA
DIVINA ET HUMANA Pontificvm Imperatorum Regum et Symbola varia ;

diversorum principum ; Ex musreo Octavii de Strada, cum Isagoge lac.

Typotii, &c." Egidhis Sadeler. Prag<z. Fol. The selection by Neuge-
baverus is greatly indebted to the Symbols divine and human of Octavius de
Strada.
There are also about 160 mottoes, devices, and quatrains without pictures,
160 nude Emblems, in Le Vassevr's " DEVISES UES EMPEREVRS ROMAINS,
/. e.

tant Italiens que Grecs & Allemans, depuis lules Caesar iusques a Rodolphe II.
a present regnant." I2mo., pp. 80. "A Paris, M.DCVIII."
68 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
Edward I., King of England and Ireland, a covered enclosure, HINC
FORTivs I BO, Hence more bravely will I go.
Edward II., a spider's web, with ARDENTIOR IBO, More eagerly will I go.
Edward III., King of England, France, and Ireland, a whale sporting with
little fishes, ASSENTATIONS MORIOR, By flattery I die.
Richard II., a serpent twined about stalks of laurel and palm, that form an
oval wreath with a crown above, REGIS VICTORIA AC VIRTVTIBUS, For the
and virtues.
king's victory
Henry IV., an altar supporting an erect sword and crown, PRO ARA ET
REGNI CVSTODIA, For the altar and safety of the kingdom.
Henry V., an eagle holding a garland in its beak, IMPERII SPES ALTA
FVTVRI, The high hope offuture empire.
Henry VII., a crane with one leg on a globe, and in the other grasping a
stone, NON DORMIT QVI CVSTODIT, He sleeps not who guards.
Henry VIII., a portcullis of six beams, surmounted by a crown, SECVRITAS
ALTERA, A double safeguard; also, the rose and crown; RVTILANS ROSA
SINE SPINA, The red rose without a thorn.

From another source (Gentleman s Magazine, 1819, pt. ii.

pp. 130-131 and 1826, pt. ii. pp. 201-203), we learn that,
;

on some occasions, Henry VII. adopted, for his badge, the

white and red roses in union and on other occasions,
;

in reference to Bosworth field, the crown in a bush :

Henry VIII. made use also of the device of an archer

drawing his arrow to the head Edward VI. chose for
;

himself a sun, or the phoenix, with the motto, NASCATVR

VT ALTER, That another may be born. Mary, as princess,
preferred the white and red rose and a pomegranate
knotted together as queen, Time drawing truth out of a
;

well, the words being VERITAS TEMPORIS FILIA, Truth

tlie daitghter of time. Of Elizabeth's badges we find
mentioned her mother's falcon,* or rather dove and the ;

crown and sceptre, but most frequently a sieve. Among

the mottoes were SEMPER EADEM, Always the same, and
VIDEO ET TACEO, I see and am silent.
The foregoing account of Emblems or Badges adopted
by the Sovereigns of England, is very far indeed from
being exhaustive, neither is it to be regarded as possessing
absolute certainty. Many might be added, some might
be controverted, but for such as have been mentioned,
the authority relied on has been adduced.
*
In Symb. div. et hum., ed. 1673, p. 302, Queen Anna Boleyn has for
device a star shining within the serpent-circle, surmounted by a crown, and on
the scroll FATO PRVDENTIA MAIOR, Wisdom greater than fate.
 BADGES OF ENGLISH NOBLES. 69

The nobles too and gentry of England followed the

example of the sovereigns, in appropriating to themselves,
each a badge or device, and motto. A manuscript in the
British Museum (Bibl. Cotton Claudius, CIII. Plut xxi.
F. 4), Names and Arms of KnigJits from 1485 to 1624,
gives many undoubted proofs of heraldic devices and tJie
;

Covntesse of Pembroke's A
rcadia ; written by Sir Philippe
Sidnei, proves by the mottoes and devices on the shields
of the knights, the abundant knowledge of the subject and
readiness of invention which the author possessed. Amply
sufficient, however, on this point is it to adduce the au-
thority of Sir William Stirling-Maxwell, in his admirable
introduction to the Chief Victories of the Emperor CJiarles
the Fifth, p. xxiii, where he speaks of the Emperor's
"
usual and favourite device," the Pillars and Phis ultra,
as "one of the most famous of its class": "when such
inventions were held in high esteem," and " the noble
gentlemen of Europe, in adorning their glorious triumphs,
declared their inward pretensions, purposes, and enter-
prizes, not by speech or any apparent manner, but
shadowed under a certain veil of forms and figures," and
"when it was the fashion for men of all degrees to clothe
in symbolic shape their sympathies or antipathies, their
sorrows, joys, or affections, or the hopes and ambitions of
their lives." To set forth then a Mirrovr of Maiestie, like
the work now reproduced, was simply to collect together
the recognized distinctions of rank, or in some cases to
invent, as in many previous instances, the devices and
the mottoes which were deemed suitable to the persons
represented.
In the CENTVRIA GEMINA, the double hundred of
Choice Heroic Symbols, before quoted from, are several
Emblems assigned to kings of Scotland and of Denmark ;

these we purpose introducing among the plates illus-

trative of the Mirrovr of Maiestie ; but we will here
simply note down what Peacham testifies in his Minerva
Britanna, ed. 1612.
"Who hath ever scene," he asks, "more wittie, proper, and significant
devises than those of Scotland? (to omit more auncient times) as that of King
70 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
James the third, devising for himselfe (to expresse the care he had of his country
and People) a Hen sitting over her Chickens, with the word Non donnit qui
custodit ; as also James the fowrth taking to himself a bifront, or double face,
plac't vpon the top of a Columne the heades crowned with Laurell, the
:

word Vtrumque : meaning (as it is thought) he would constantly and advisedly,

like Janus, observe the proceedings as well of the French as the English,
holding them both at that time in lelousie. Many and very excellent have I
scene of his Maiesties owne Invention,* who hath taken herein in his younger
years great delight and pleasure, by which thou maiest see, that we are not so
dull as they would imagine us, nor our Soule so barren as that we neede to
borrow from their Sunne-burnt braines our best Invention."

Of early ENGLISH-EMBLEM BOOKS

a prominent place
may be assigned to ^e Jpfoe SSJoun&S of
CfWSt. 23g
SSEt'Uiam i3j}Umg,f written between the years 1400 and
1430. The original, according to William Bateman, of
Darby, near Matlock, the editor of the 4to Manchester
"
edition, 1814, is a finely illuminated parchment roll of
about two yards and three quarters in length." There are
seven illuminated and seven outline plates, and the texts
bordered at the sides by a pinnacle and statue, on the
top by a cherub between two death's heads, and at the
foot by an unclothed skeleton lying on the ground.
The fourth illuminated picture is of a wounded hand
with golden rays issuing from it on the scroll is embla- ;

zoned the line " {fjc tf)e foell Of grace," and below the
stanza :

* From one of the

king's letters, dated at Newcastle, on his journey to take
possession of his English throne, it is evident that he busied himself with
issuing commands for the striking of several new coins against the time of his
coronation. He minutely describes the arms, quarterings, and mottoes, and
while his name and titles were to be around his head, he chose as the word for
the shield EXVRGAT DEVS DISSIPENTVR INIMICI, Let God arise and my
enemies shall be scattered. With such facts we need not cancel the rendering
of the word "devise" in some lines quoted in Shakespeare and the Emblem
Writers, p. 122 :

"
Maintenant, devise, &* coquette,
Regi par la Reine Jaquette."
Now, chitter-chatter and Emblemes
Ruled by our Queen, the little James.
t A writer in Notes ami Queries, Jan. 3Oth, 1869, p. 103, on mentioning the
" I take
monogram SSEillnt JSIUglig, says, it, then, that Billyng was only the

copier of the poems, not the author." Under the date March 6th, 1869,
p. 229, we are informed by Llewellyn Jewett, "that the original parchment
is at Lomberdale House."
 BILL YNGL YDGA TE. 71
"
p?agle foelle of grace most prttgoust in Jjonottre
3n the kgngcs left hanoe set of Jerusalem
Sfoettur thanne bafomr is thg sfoete lucore
SSShichc in largesse to tts tooth ofot estreme
&o precius a flooe is in no kgngcs reame
f perfgte grace tfyofo art restoratgfe
8no in alle btu most preseruatgfe."

At the end of the work are six stanzas beginning,

"Crtfj ofote of ertfj is fooroerlg foroght
JTor ortlj Ijatfj geten of crtfj a nofjul tfjgng of nogljt
rtfj ttppon ert^e fjatfj set alle tjgs iljog|}t
ertlje uppon crtJje mag be Ijggfj brogfjt."

About the same time with Billyng flourished John

Lydgate, Monk of Bury, who, it is said, wrote above 250
poems,* the greater part, however, of only a few leaves in
extent. He died in 1460 and is now chiefly remembered
for introducing into English rhymes The Daunce of MacJia-
bre, London, 1554, and given by Douce in the reprint of
"
1
790. Whereon lively expressed and shewed The
is
state of manne, And how he is called at uncertayne
tymes by Death, and when he thinketh least thereon."
Under Henry VI. Lydgate's verses were set up in the
great cloister on the north side of the old cathedral
church of St. Paul, London, to explain the personages
who took part in the Dance or March of Death, which
had been painted there on the walls. They were pre-
served in this place until the reign of Edward VI., when,
according to Stowe's Survey of London, edition 1720,
" in
vol. i. bk. 3, p. 145, the year 1549, on the loth of April,
the said Chappel, by Commandement of the Duke of
Somerset, was begun to be pulled down, with the whole
Cloister, the Dance of Death, the Tombs and Monuments."
" "
Another work by Ihn Lidgate Monke of Berry was
printed at London in 1614; a folio of 318 pages in
"
double columns ;
it is THE LIFE AND DEATH OF
HECTOR ;
One and the first of the most Puissant,

* In
Speght's Workes of our anttint and learned English Poet Geffrey
Chaucer, London, 1 598, at folio 398 there is an account, or rather catalogue,
of Lydgate's Translations and Poetical Devises.
72 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
Valiant, and Renowned Monarches of the world called the
Nyne worthies" Within the richly ornamented title-page
the anachronism is committed of placing the escutcheon of
America on a book first dedicated "vnto the high and
mightie Prince HENRY the Fift."
Some evidence of Lydgate's knowledge of device may
be adduced from Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum,
edition 1849, Hi., Note 99, p. 104. Besides the numerous
limnings, one hundred and twenty, on his MS. Life of St.
"
Edmund, which formerly belonged to King Henry VI.,
are representations of Two
BANNERS, feigned by the
poet to have been borne by St. Edmund in his war against
the Danes. The first represents Adam and Eve by the
tree of life, about to eat the forbidden fruit, which is
reached to the woman by the serpent, who appears down
the middle with a human shape. Above is the Holy
Lamb with a gold circle and a glory about its head its ;

right foot bearing up a golden cross fleuree fitchee. The

red ground of this banner within the circle which contains
the Lamb is powdered with crescents, and without with
stars, all of gold, as is the tree itself. The figures of the
woman, serpent, and man, the apples and the Lamb, are all
of silver. The second banner represents the coat of arms
belonging to the abbey, Az. three crowns Or: the crowns,
according to the poet, signifying royal dignity, virginity,
and martyrdom. Lydgate represents" St. Edmund to have
used this banner '
at Geynesburuhe.'
Sir Thomas More, who was born in 1480, has left suffi-
cient proof of his knowledge of Emblem-writings and of
his power to imitate them. What he did in this way are
indeed only fragments executed by him about A.D. 1495
or 1496, and the pictorial delineations themselves have
perished with the fair cloth on which they were painted.
From his Works,* printed in 1557, we extract the fol-
lowing notice :

* Within a monumental border the title runs :

" THE vvorkes of Sir
Thomas More Knight, some tyme Lorde Chancellour of England, ivrytten by
him in the Englysh tonge. Printed at London at the cosies and charges of lohn
Ca'vood, lohn Waly, and Richaide Tottel. Anno 1557." Small folio.
Initial pages 36, unnumbered, I 1458 numbered; total pp. 1494.
 MORE. 73
"
Mayster Thomas More in his youth devysed in hys
fathers house in London, a goodly hangyng of fyne
paynted clothe, with nyne pageauntes, and verses ouer of
euery of these pageauntes which verses expressed and
:

declared, what the ymages in those pageauntes repre-

sented and also in those pageauntes were paynted, the
:

thynges that the verses ouer them dyd (in effecte) declare,
which verses here followe."
The subjects of these "nyne pageauntes," all written
in English, except the last, which is in Latin, are <2H)gUj=
fjoli, JtlanfjotJ, Fenus anto (ZDupste, g*ge, Bet|), Jpame,
pme, 35ternitee, and
^oct.* f)e
" En
tfje st'xt pageant foas paintefc lafcg jpame. &n& bn&er
fjer fete fcoas tfje picture of Beat!) tfjat fcoas in tfje fiftl) pageant.
ouer tfjis sixt pageaunt tfje fcoritgng fcoas as folotoetfj :

"IF
JFame am callrtJ, tnarttaplc gou notfjing,
CTjough iuitfj tongcs am compassrlJ all rounfie
Jm in faogce of people is mg cljtrfe
liugng.
cruel otatfj, tljg poixiev C confountoe.
ESEijen tfjou a noT)le man
fjast brought to grounfie
ffliaugrg t|)g teet^ to Igbe eause fam sfjallll,
f people in perpetuall memorg."

The progress which books of Emblems made in Eng-

land may next be marked by two translations from
Brandt's Barren Jbcftgff, Bale, 1494, which were printed
in London in the year 1509. The one rendered
through the French by Henry Watson, THE SHYPPE OF
FoOLES, came from the press of " Wynkyn de Worde
"
MCCCCCIX the other, through Latin, French, and Ger-
;

man, by Alexander Barclay, fje Sbfrgp Of JpoIpS of tf)e

"
S2Jorl&e was Imprinted in the Cyte of London by
Richard Pynson M.D.IX." Barclay's translation was re-
peated in 1570 by Cawood, "Printer to the Queenes
Maiestie." Of the style of this work we may judge
by the Foolish Book-Collector's description of his own
pursuits.
* Sec Dibdin's ii. 431.
Typ. Antiquities, p.
C
74 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
" I am foole of all the whole Navie
the first
To keepe the Pompe, the Helme, and eke the Sayle :

For this my minde, this one pleasure have I,

is

Of bookes to have great plentie and apparayle.

I take no wisdome by them, nor yet avayle,
Nor them perceave not, and then I them despise ;
Thus am I a foole, and all that sue that guise.
That on this Ship the chief place I governe
By this wide Sea with fooles wandring,
The cause is plaine and easy to discerne,
Still am
busy bookes assembling,
I
For to haveplentie, it is a pleasaunt thing
In my conceyt, and to have them ay in hande ;

But what they meane do I not understande. "

Barclay was priest, or chaplain of the college of Ottery

St. Mary, Devonshire, and afterwards monk of Ely.
Hazlitt's Hand-Book, p. 25, supplies evidence that he
"was employed by Henry VIII. to compose the impressas,
&c. used at the Field of Cloth of Gold," A.D. 1520. To
the 1570 edition of the Shyp of Folys of the Worlde is
attached an Emblematical work translated from Domini-
cus Mancinus, Libelhis de quattnor virtutibus, edition 1484 :

"
it is The Mirrour of Good Maners" " containing
entitled,
the foure Cardinal Vertues." The Myrrour of good Maners,
"
however, was first printed by Rychard Pynson," and then
with the types of Wynkyn de Worde, circa 1516.
The year 1520 gave welcome to an English version
of the IBgalogUS Crenturarum, a collection of Latin
fables, to which, in the fourteenth century, was appended
the name of Nicolas Pergaminus, and which was first
printed by Gerard Leeu, at Gouda, in 1480. The English
"
title is The Dialoges of Creatttres woralyzed, of late tras-
lated out of latyn in to our Englysshe tonge, right profitable
to the gouernaunce of man." Of the 122 devices in simple
outline the Shakespeare Emblems, p. 52, offer two examples :

TJie Sun and the Moon, and The Wolf and the Ass. In
the Royal Library at the Hague there is a beautifully-
illuminated copy of the original work. Haslewood in
1816 reprinted 100 copies but above half were de-
;

stroyed by an accidental fire, and thus the reprint itself,

though very modern, is very rare.
 BIBLE FIGURES PETRARCH. 75

Assuming, as we may do, that devices followed by

stanzas are characteristics of Emblem-Books, there may
here be named in the series, Quadins historiques de la
Bible, Historic Picture-frames of the Bible, with designs
by "the Bernard," published at Lyons between 1553
little
and 1583. Of
these there was an English version and at ;

"
Lyons, in 1553, appeared The true and lynely Portreatures
of the woll Bible (translated into English metre by Peter
Dorendel)."
A
short time before, in 1549, had also been issued by
"
John Frellon, of Lyons, The Images of the Old Testament,
set forthe in Ynglishe and French, vuith a playn and
"
brief exposition ;
and this work may be said to have had
its herald in 1535, when Storys and Prophesis were
"
prentyd in Andwarpe."
Thepretty little volume by William de la Perriere, Le
'Theatre des bons Engins, auquel sont contenu cent Em-
blemes," bears the date, Paris 1539; but except "a frag-
ment of an English translation " in the noble Emblem
Library at Keir, in Scotland, no English version is known ;

but by the cast of the type and by the woodcuts, this

"
English translation migJit be of the sixteenth century,
and probably as early as Daniell's Jovius."
According to Ames's Antiquities of Printing, Herbert's
edition, p. 1570, the Emblems of the famous Italian
lawyer, Andrew Alciat, were published in an English
version in 1551 but this account is very apocryphal, and
;

as yet unsupported by other testimony.

GLI TRIUMPHI DEL PETRARCHA, Triumphs of Love,
Chastity, and Death, had, in the Venice editions of 1500
and 1523, been adorned with vignettes and wood-engrav-
ings; but it was not until about the year 1560 that the
work was translated into English, also with wood-engrav-
"
ings, and bore the title The Tryumplies of Fraunces
Petrarckc" " by Henry Parker knyg 1 lorde Morley." * 1'

The long popularity of Petrarch's Triumphi is attested by

*
"On 25th Nov., 1556, he, by the death of his aged grandfather succeeded
to the barony of Morley." "He died 22 Oct., 1577.'' For particulars of
him see Athciuc C<Mtabrigietuet, \. pp. 378 and 566.
76 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
English translations in 1644, 1807, 1836, and 1859, to
which are attached the names of Mrs. Anne Hume, Henry
Boyd, Lady Dacre, and Thomas Campbell.
The allegorical, not to name them the emblematical
Visions of Petrarch, as well as those of Bellay, Spenser
exhibited at an early period of his life. These, together
with the Visions of the World's Vanitie, present " a series of
Emblems." * We subjoin one of them, The Phoenix, from
Petrarch :

" I saw a Phoenix in the wood alone,

With purple wings, and crest of golden hewe ;

Strange bird he was, whereby I thought anone,

That of some heavenly wight I had the vewe ;
Untill he came unto the broken tree,
And to the spring, that late devoured was.
Why say I more ? each thing at last we see
Doth passe away the Phoenix there alas,
:

Spying the tree destroid, the water dride,

Himselfe smote with his beake, as in disdaine,
And so foorthwith in great despight he dide ;
That yet my heart burnes, in exceeding paine,
For ruth and pitie of so haples plight :

O let mine eyes no more see such a sight."

!

Emblems, as the author names them, or posies, are

added to each part of The ShepJieards Calender, and the
structure of the eclogues or tales bears directly upon the
subjects. Take Colin's Emblem for November, LA MORT
NY MORD, death byteth not, and follow up the tale of Dido's
death until
" She hath the bonds broke of eternall night,"

And-
" now emong
raignes a goddesse the saintes
That whilome was the saynt of shepheards light,
And enstalled nowe in heavens hight.
is
see thee, blessed soule
I I see
!

Walk in Elisian fieldes so free.

Ohappy herse !
Might I once come to thee, (O that I might !)
Oioyfull verse."

*
See Spenser's Life prefixed to Moxon's 1856 edition of his works,
pp. x. and xi.
 GIO VIO R US CELLI SIDNEY. 77

It is to be noted how every part of the narrative con-

duces to the exposition of the theme, death byteth not.
" "
For," adds the author, although by course of nature we be borne to die,
and being ripened with age, as with timely harvest, we must be gathered in
time ; yet death is not to be coveted for evill, nor (as the Poet said a
. . .

litle doome of ill desert. For though the trespasse of the first man
before) as
brought death into the world, as the guerdon of sinne, yet being overcome by
the death of one that died for all, it is now made (as Chaucer saith) the greene
pathway of life. So that it agreeth well with that was saide, that Death
byteth not (that is) hurteth not at all."

Among the early treatises on Emblems the first place

isto be assigned to Paolo Giovio's DlALOGO dell Imprese
Militari et Amore ; or, as it is sometimes entitled,
RAGIONAMENTO, Discourse concerning the words and devices
of arms and of which are commonly named Emblems.
love,
Closely allied and in treatment are Ruscelli's
in subject
-DisCORSO, Venice, 1556, and Domenichi's RAGIONAMENTO,
of the same city and year.
The correspondenceof Sir Philip Sidney with Languet
in 1572 shows that he was acquainted with Ruscelli's
Imprese illustri ; and the mottoes and devices in the
Arcadio t as we have noticed, give evidence of his general
knowledge of the Emblem Art. The knowledge spread in
his native land, and in 1585 to the English reader was
"
offered THE WORTHY TRACT OF PAULUS louius, con-
tayning a Discourse of rare inuentions both Militarie and
Amorous called Imprese. Whereunto is added a Preface,
contayning the Arte of composing them, with many other
notable deuises. By Samucll Daniell late Student in
Oxenforde."
As a specimen of Giovio's Worthy Tract we select a
passage in Daniell's translation, where Lorenzo the Mag-
nificent is spoken of as symbolizing Faith, Hope, and
Charity. Giovio himself is the speaker, and says :

" I canot
go beyond the three Diamats which the great Cosimo did leave,
which you see engraven in the chamber wherein I lye. But to tell you the
trueth, although with all diligece I have searched, yet canot I find precisely
what they signifie & thereof also doubted Pope Clemet, who in his meaner
;

fortune lay also in the self same chamber. And trueth it is that he sayd, the
MagHtfico Lorenzo vscd one of them with greatc braucrie, inserting it betwecnc
78 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS,
three feathers of three sundrie colours, greene, white and red which betokened
:

three vertues, Faith, Hope and Charitie, appropriate to those three colours :

Hope, greene ; Faith, white ; Charitie, red ; with the worde Semper belowe it.
Which Impresa hath bene used of all the successors of his house, yea, and of
the Pope who did beare it imbrodered on the vpper garments of the horsmen
:

of his garde, vnder that of the yoke."

Of Doni's three Emblem works, I MONDI, the Worlds ;

I MARMI, the Marbles ; and LA MORAL FILOSOFIA, Moral
Philosophy, all printed at Venice, 1552-53, the last, "fje
JWotall ;[91)tlosopf)te of Uoni, drawne out of the aun-
"
cient writers," was englished out of italien by Sir Th.
North." It is a 4to, printed in 1570 and again in 1601,
and was dedicated to Robert, Earl of Leicester, the patron
of Whitney's Emblems.
In the Colophon, North's translation declares, " Here
endeth the Treatise of the Morall Philosophic of Sende-
bar." Now the Parables of Sendebar, or Sendebad, were
a Hebrew work, says Brunet, v. 294, which was itself
derived from the Arabic version of a work originally
composed in India, and identical with the Fables of
Bidpay, or Pilpay. Among translations of Bidpay are
ranked Doni's Moral Filosofia, and North's English ver-
sion. (See Brunei's Manuel, i. 936, 938, 939.)
Another most popular book of Emblems, and most
deservedly so, was the little volume by Claude Paradin,
canon of Beaujeu, DEVISES HEROIQUES, Lyons, 1557.
With motto, woodcut, and prose description, it furnishes
much information, and abounds in interesting details. To
whom the initials P. S. belong, that appear as those of
the English translator, London, 1591, is not ascertained ;

nor do Lowndes, J. Payne Collier, and W. Carew Hazlitt,

venture on a conjecture. The title is, " The Hcroicall
Devises of M. Clavdivs Paradin, Canon of Beauieu, Where-
unto are added the Lord Gabriel Symeons and others."
It is very generally acknowledged that Shakespeare was
acquainted with this translation, and probably with the
original.
The paths of the Herald and of the Emblematist, even
if they do not run into one another and cross and double,
 PARADINB YNNEMA N WHITNE Y. 79

are so close together as not to be distinguishable in all

instances. We may, therefore, here give place to a notice
of a black-letter book of no mean fame, which first ap-
peared with woodcuts and other illustrations, on the last
"
day of December, 1562 ; namely, Gerard Leigh's
gUcefcmS of gtrmorp, Imprinted at London in Fletestrete
within Temple barre, at the signe of the hande and
by Richard Tottill." After two editions in 1591 and
starre,
1597, the work was re-issued with numerous heraldic
woodcuts and ornaments, THE ACCIDENCE OF ARMORIE,
sm. 4to, 1612.
Vander Noot's Theatre auquel sont exposes et montres les
inconvcniens et miseres qui suiuent les mondains et vicieux,
"
&c., bears the imprint Londres chez lean Day 1568,"
and is dedicated to Queen Elizabeth. This work was
followed the next year, 1569, by an English version,
attributed to Henry Bynneman. (See Hazlitt's Hand-Book,
p. 625, for the full title.) It is very noteworthy, that
at the beginning of the volume there are twenty-one
epigrams and sonnets, illustrated by woodcuts, which
"
Spenser translated at an early period of his life for he
;

was matriculated" (see AtJi. Cantabrigienses, ii. p. 258)

"as a sizar of Pembroke Hall, 20 May, 1569," when,
according to the received biography, he was only sixteen
years of age. The translations, to which we have before
alluded, p. 76, were from Petrarch and Joachim du Bellay ;

and by reference to Les Oeuvres du Bellay, ed. a Rouen,

1592, Spenser's renderings, although the earliest of his
labours, are found to be both exact and spirited.
Of closer agreement than any preceding work in
English, with an Emblem-book's form and subjects, was
"
Geffrey Whitney's CHOICE OF EMBLEMES AND OTHER
DEVICES, For the moste part gathered out of sundrie
writers, Englished and Moralized, And divers newly de-
vised." "Imprinted at Leyden M.D.LXXXVI." 4to. Whitney
was a native of Cheshire, and his work bears evidence to
his learning. To each of his 248 Emblems, except one at
p. 61, there is a woodcut as well as a motto, and one or
more stanzas. The work is confessedly a compilation,
8o ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
and above 220 of the mottoes and devices have been
traced to their original sources indeed 202 are identical
;

with those of the five emblematists, Andrew Alciat, 1492-

1550; Claude Paradin, 1510-1590; John Sambucus, 1531-
1583; Hadrian Junius, 1511-1575; and Gabriel Faerno,
who died in 1561 in the prime of life ;* and twenty-three
others are gathered out of sundry other writers.
A
rank among Emblem-works is claimed by Abraham
Fraunce, author of the Lamentations of Amyntas, 1587,
for his 4to volume printed in London in 1588, and entitled
INSIGNIVM, ARMORVM, EMBLEMATVM, HIEROGLYPHI-
CORVM, ET SYMBOLORUM, quae ab Italis Impress nomi-
nantur, explicatio." The Explication is in three books :

I. Concerning Insignia II. Concerning Arms

;
III. Con-;

"
cerning Symbols, Emblems, and Hieroglyphics. It does
not appear," remarks Joseph Brooks Yates, of Liverpool
(see Lit. and Phil. Society, 1849), "that he composed any
Emblems in English": and "this work consists very much
of Heraldic deductions and of conventional rules and
distinctions which had been discussed very largely by
former writers. Moreover it ought to be classed rather
with the treatises on Devices and Symbols than among
Books of Emblems."
A
similar judgment, and if we follow J. Payne Collier's
Bibliographical and Critical Catalogue of early English
Literatiire, vol. ii. p. 549, a far more severe judgment, must
be pronounced on Wyrley's TRUE VSE OF ARMORIE
shewed by Historic and plainly proued by example, &c."
pp. 169, London, 4to, 1592. The work contains wood-
cuts of " Banners, Ensignes, and markes of nobleness and
"
chevalrie but according to Collier's just criticism, " it
;

really possesses no merit but of a technical kind, and the

two long poems, of which it mainly consists, are about
the worst performances in verse that appeared at a date
remarkable for the excellence of its poetry."

* For full information respecting Geffrey Whitney himself, his family, and
his Emblems, with their origin, reference is made to the fac-simile REPRINT
of 1 866, 410, pp. Ixxxviij and 440 ; with an Introductory Dissertation, Essays
Literary and Bibliographical, and Explanatory A'otes, by Henry Green, M.A.
 WILLET COMBE. 81

In his Wits Commonwealth, Meres accounts Combe,

Whitney, and Vv illet, as worthy to be compared with
"the--:e Emblematists, Andreas Alciatus, Reusnerus, and
Sambucus." The Emblem-works of Thomas Combe are
generally supposed to have perished, but W. Carew
Hazlitt's Hand-Book, p. 116, preserves the title thus:
"
The theater of fine Devices, coteyning 100 morall
emblems, translated out of Fr. by Tho. Combe. Licensed
to Rich. Field in 1592." Not a word of comment is added ;

but the title itself, and the phrase " translated out of Fr.,"
induce the inquiry, Was the French work from which
Combe made his version La Perriere's Theatre des bons
Eiigins auqnel sont contenus cent Emblemes ? And if so, is
not the fragment of an English translation of La Perriere,
which Sir William Stirling-Maxwell possesses, a relic of
Combe's work ? The conjecture receives countenance of
"truth from Hazlitt's notice of Guillaume de PERKIER,
p. 453; "i. Emblems. Translated into English. Circa
1591. i6mo. No perfect copy has been found. (Combe.)"

Andrew Willet, named as we have mentioned in Wits

Commonwealth^ is greatly praised in Fuller's Worthies,
\.
238. Hand-Book, p. 657, confounds Andrew with
Hazlitt,
Rowland Hart Hall, Oxford but though the
Willet, of ;

author's name does not appear on the title-page of the

Emblems, the dedication to Robert Devereux, Earl of
Essex, who was elected chancellor of Cambridge loth of
August, 1598,* and the printing of SACRORVM EMBLE-
MATVM CENTVRIA VNA, by John Legate, printer to the
university of Cambridge, even were there not also positive
testimony, show the work to have been the production of
Andrew, and not of Rowland Willet. The volume itself
is a quarto of 84 pages, but the Emblems are nude, that

is,without woodcuts.
each Emblem there are usually appended a motto, a
To
text from Scripture, some Latin verses, and then a trans-
lation into English. The Dedication to the Earl of Essex
occupies four pages, and the first Emblem is curiously
*
See Athena: Cantabrigienses, ii.
p. 298.
D
82 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS,
"
laudatory of Queen Elizabeth Boni principis encomium,"
:

the praise of a good Prince. Like the fanciful stanzas of

Simias the Rhodian, this Emblem has its Latin verses of
24 lines, arranged in the form of a clipped stunted tree, as
given in the reprint of Whitney s Emblemes, p. xx., where,
by going down the left hand of the lines and taking the
first letter of each line, and then up the right hand of the
lines and taking the last letter of each line, the acrostic
is formed: ELISABETHAM REGINAM DIV NOBIS SERVET
IESVS INCOLVMEM. AMEN. Elisabeth queen long for us
may Jesus keep unharmed. A men.
The title is a long one, yet, because of the rarity of the
work, we subjoin it :

" SACRORVM EMBI.EMATVM CENTVRIA

VNA, quse tarn ad exemplum apte
expressa sunt, et ad aspectum pulchre depingi possunt, quam quae aut a
veteribus accepta, aut inventa ab aliis hactenus extant. In tres classes dis-
tributa, quarum prima emblemata Typica, sive Allegorica Altera historica,
:

sive re gesta : Tertia Physica a rerum natura sumpta continet. Omnia a

purissimis Scripturse fontibus derivata, et Anglo-latinis versibus reddita.
Ezechielis cap. iiij. vers. j. ij.
" Ex officina florentissimse Academise Cantabrigiensis
Johannis Legate
"
Typographi. 410, circa 1598.
"
The 67th Emblem, Puerorum educatio," tJie education
of boys, affords a specimen of Willet's English style:
" A Scholler must in be youth taught,
And three things keepe in minde ful sure,
God's worship that it first be sought,
And manners then with knowledge pure ;
In Church, in scoole, at table must he
"
Deuout, attent, and handsome be.

Of Andrew Willet, Collier's Early English Literature,

vol. ii.
gives an estimate and examples, but omits
p. 524,
perhaps the most beautiful of his emblems, the 37th,
Christ instantly present to him who prays aright. The lines
are as follow :

"The curtains wrought with pictures were

hanging in holy place ;
The Cherubs did with wings appeare,
and gave a goodly grace.
The house of prayer Angels frequent,
and Christ him selfe is there,
Then seeing these are alwayes present
we ought to pray with feare.
 THE MIRROVR OF POLICIE. 83

Certainly of Emblem proclivities is the curious work

which next mentioned
is :

"THE MIRROVR OF POLICIE. Worke no lesse pro- A

fitable than necessarie, for all Magistrates, and Gouernours
of Estates and Commonweales." (Emblematical device of
scales,with a serpent in one dish outweighing a cat in the
other the scales are surmounted by a bird's head crowned,
;

and around the whole runs the motto " QviBVS RESPVBLICA
"
CONSERVETVR.") LONDON. Printed by Adam Islip.
1598." Colophon. Finis.

4to vol. measuring 1.9 decimetres by 1.43 ; or 7.48 Eng. inches by 5.63 ; full
pages i.65d. by .87; the tree devices about i-4d. by .95.
Register. If in 2, A
LI iij in 45= 136 leaves, all unnumbered.
Contents. Ifij, the Printer to the Reader. A LI iij, " The Mirrovr of
Policie."

The work is divided into a series of trees, each having a

Toot, from which the branches spring. Of the trees there
are seventeen, and the nature of the subjects represented by
them may be perceived from two or three :

A " The three kinds of a

ij
verso. good Commonweale :

Best of al. Better. Good.

A kingdome. The power of the best The power of such as are
men. meanly rich.
Regnum. Optimorii potestas. Censu potestas.
B(TiXt7a.
Ff ij. " The true
fashion and image of every good Commonweale.
Priests Sacrifices.
Magistrates Judgements.
T,, Nobility r Armies.
The for
Citizens Riches.
Artificers Handicraft.
"
Husbandmen Food.
On Ff are the figures of these six orders surrounding a heart in the centre,
within which is placed a fortified city. The same figures are also given sepa-
rately, each followed by a description of the nature of his office or calling.
Kk ij verso and Kk iij. " In euerie Countriman that will be called a good
Husbandman, are three things required, To know the nature of the ground,
and the seasons to sow and reape ; Ability to haue oxen, horses, and other
instruments for tillage. A
will, to be diligent and carefull to perseuer in his
country labour."

It is previous to the close of the sixteenth

century that
we should assign the date of a manuscript Emblem-book
84 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
which until lately was- in the celebrated Corser collection,
and which bears the title of
"
CROSSE HIS COVERT, or a Prosopopoeicall Treatise :

Wherein y e whole course, and condition of his fore pointed

time vnto the Periode of this his declininge age is
full

ioyntlie deciphered geveing to vnderstande how younge

Novices shoulde bestowe the floweringe Pride of there
youthfull yeares and greene budding daies in Heroicall
exercises, for y advauncement of theire Countrie, and the
e

assistaunce of theire friendes, and not vnadvisedlie to trace

withe wearisome waye and labour some Laberinthe of
worldlie vanities, continuallie weavinge the webb of theire
owne woe."

The volume is a quarto of 46 pages, and its measure-

ments are 2.02 decimetres by 1.48, or 7.95 Eng. incites by
5.82. The Emblems consist of 44 stanzas of nine lines
each, interspersed with 70 very neatly-drawn devices and
50 shields. Some of the devices are copied from Whitney's
Emblems ; as at p. 16, Et vsque ad nvbes Veritas ; p. 40,
Icarvs ; p. 42, BaccJivs ; p. 44, Occasion, which may be
regarded as the colophon.
Merchant-Taylors' School, established about 1560, is
"
alluded to "as a famous schoole founded " by famous
citizens"; and its first master, Richard Mulcaster, has
very honourable mention :

" To traine
up youthe in tongues few might compare
With Mulcaster, whose fame shall never fade."

The royal arms, p. 33, are those of Elizabeth and of the

Tudors and the reference to the Belgian Dames, pp. 2-6,
;

agrees with her reign rather than with any other period.
Remarks against popery, p. 16, and various leanings to the
early Puritans, as p. 17, testify to the same conclusion.
The work opens in this way :

" When Titans fominge steades had girted rounde

The Tropicks Orbe, that bendes to Northen beare :

Before such time, at rage of Sierian hounde

Incensd with heate, had caus'd the Lyon teare."
 EMBLEMES OFLOVEGUILLIM. 85

Of the various Emblem-books for which the world was

indebted to Otho Vaenius, or rather to his designs and
drawings, but one contains an English version ;* it is
AMORVM EMBLEMATA, Emblemes of Love, with verses in
Latin, English, and Italian. Antverpiae, obi. 4to. M.DCIIX.
Of the Devices there are 125, excellent etchings rather
than finished engravings. From the English version we
select one as a specimen FINIS CORONAT OPVS, Where
:

the end is good, all is good.

" The toste by the waues doth to no purpose saile,
ship
Vnlesse the porte shee gayn whereto her course doth tend,
Right so th' euent of love appeereth in the end,
For losse it is to loue and neuer to preuaile. "

The whole work dedicated " To the moste honorable and

is

woerthie brothers William Earle of Pembroke, and Philip

Earle of Mountgomerie, patrons of learning and cheualrie."
"Of these worthy brothers, William appears in the Mirrovr
of Maiestie as "the Lord Chamberline," p. 22, and Philip
under his own title, as " Earle of Mountgomerie," p. 34.

A celebrated work, first published in folio in 1610, was

John Guillim's DISPLAY OF HERALDRY, pp. 284; it is
dedicated " to his most sacred Maiestie," and attained to
great celebrity. The sixth edition was published in 1724.
Its author, born in Herefordshire in 1565, and dying in
1621, was educated at Brasenose College, Oxford; he
afterwards was a member of the Herald's College, and
in 1617 was appointed rouge-croix pursuivant of arms.
Some have attributed the work to Dr. John Barkham, a
native of Exeter, who died rector and dean of Becking,
and who was highly regarded for "learning, virtue, and
"
courtesy ;
but the point is a doubtful one.

Henry Peacham, the son of a father and author of the

same names, who in 1577 published The Garden of Elo-
quence, was schoolmaster at Wymondham, and besides a
variety of works, of which Hazlitt's Hand-Book, pp. 448-49,
* Hazlitt's "The
Hand-Book, p. 624, says :
English verses are by Richard
Verstegan."
86 ENGLISH EMBLEM-ROOKS.
enumerates twenty, sent forth a large 4to in 1612, which
is a book of Emblems " MINERVA BRITANNA,
strictly ;

or a Garden of Heroicall Deuises, furnished and adorned

with Emblemes and Imprests of sundry natures." The
volume, to which Whitney seems to have furnished the
model, numbers 232 pages, in two parts. The Emblems
and Devices are 203 to each .there is a motto, to many
;

a dedication, as to the king, princes, and nobles. It has

one new feature as a book of Emblems, in the anagrams of
names to the honour of which certain devices are devoted ;

as p. 14, ELISABETHA STEUARTA, which contains the

letters out of which may be formed the sentence, Has
Aries beata valet.
Henry Prince of Wales is the great hero of the book ;

but as kings and the chief officers of state are freely in-
troduced, it is almost as truly a Glasse for Royaltie as the
work by H. G. is a Mirrovr of Maicstie. From the plates
which will be given at the end of our volume of all the
Emblems by Peacham which name the same personages,
the opportunity will be given for comparing the two works
together, the Minerva Britanna, however, being by far
the more recondite and learned.
"
Peacham, in his Address to the Reader, speaks of the
many and almost vnimitable Imprests of our owne Coun-
trie as those of Edward the black Prince, Henry the fourth,
:

Henry the seuenth, Henry the eight, Sir Thomas More, the
Lord Cromwell, and of later times, those done by Sir Phillip
Sidney* and others." And in the Author's Conclusion
a vision is narrated by him in very readable stanzas of
the EMPRESSE OF THE ISLES.
" While
proudly vnderfoote she trod
Rich Trophoeies, and victorious spoiles."

And with proud boastfulness the writer says

*
So, as quoted in Hazlitt's Hand-Book, p. 448, Peacham, in his Compleat
Gentleman, 1622, remarks "The last [Emblems] I have seen have been the
devices of tilting, whereof many were till late reserved in the
private gallery at
Whitehall, of Sir Philip Sidney, the Earl of Cumberland, Sir Henry Leigh,
the Earl of Essex, with many others, most of which I once collected with
intent to publish them, but the charge dissuaded me."
 PEACHAM. 87
" Here saw I many a shiver'd launce,
Swordes, Battle-axes, Cannons, Slinges,
With the armes of Portvgal and Fraunce,
And Crownets of her pettie Kinges.
High-feathered Helmets for the Tilt,
Bowes, Steelie Targets cleft in twaine ;
Coates, Cornets, Armours richly gilt,
With tattered Ensignes out of Spaine,
About her now on every Tree,
(Whereon full oft she cast her eie,)
Hung silver Sheildes, by three and three,
With Pen all limned curiouslie :

Wherein were drawne with skilfull tuch,

Imprests and Devises rare,
Of all her gallant Knightes, and such
"
As Actors in her Conquestes were.

He passes through the splendid roll of names, a true

Mirror of most illustrious men, from " Great EDWARD
"
third," and valiant IOHN of LANCASTER," down to
"
Couragious ORMOND, LlSLE, and SAY," and demands
" where
may be found,
These Patrones now of Chivalry."

The whole subject concludes with the assurance

" Now what they were, on every Tree
Devises new, as well as old,
Of those brave worthies, faithfullie,
Shall in another Booke be told."

Whichof Peacham's after-works, if any, may claim to

" "
be that another Booke does not appear but about his :

Graphice, or the Most A undent and Excellent Art of

"

Drawing and Limning? 4to, 1612," there is an emble-

matical character and also about
;
THE GENTLEMAN'S
EXERCISE or an Exquisite practise, as well for drawing of
;

allmanner of beasts in their true portraitures, as also the

making of all kinds of Colours to be used" in lymning,
painting, &c.," 4to, also 1612. Of a fugitive POEME upon
the Birth and in Honor of the Hopefull yong Prince Hcnric
Frederick, 1615," 4to 14 leaves, Collier's Bibliographical
Catalogue, ii. 138, declares, "it has no design, but is a
rambling laudatory and emblematical composition far
from discreditable to Peacham's taste, scholarship and
88 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
"
general knowledge." He certainly has left nothing
better behind him."
Belonging to the reign of James I. there is a fragment
in manuscript of an English metrical version of the Em-
blems of Alciat. The former owner of this manuscript,
the late Joseph Brooks Yates, of Liverpool, assigned this
date to it * but there are internal signs in the MS. of an
;

earlier time, though not earlier than the end of the six-
teenth century. The volume is a folio of 91 leaves, each
with an emblem, but having no motto, and a device,
usually coloured, the Latin text and the English stanzas.
From there being two devices on p. 55, there are 92 em-
blems. The drawings, though on a larger scale, follow
Plantin's edition of Alciat, 1581, or Rapheleng's, 1608. The
79 coloured devices are generally very bright. In Emblem
88, p. 75, mudd has good for its rhyming word, and suggests
that Lancashire was the county where the translator
learned his mother-tongue.
One specimen of the English metrical version will here
suffice, especially as it is in contemplation to give the
whole version in one of the Holbein Society's future pub-
lications. The Emblem is numbered CI. in Rapheleng's
edition, 1608 ; p. 90 of the MS.
SCYPHUS NESTORIS.
" of ancient Nestor, with
STfytS Cupp
two bottoms here vptake ;
Which worke a massy silverne weight
with charges great did make.
The nailes are goulden, round about
foure handled are to holde,
Vpon each handle settled is
A Doue of yellow gould.
No man but aged Nestor could
this statelie pott vplift :
Tell meI pray you by this Cupp
what was old Homers drift.
The Cupp it self of silver made
sets forth the firmament.
The golden nailes vpon the same
the starres do represent.

See Transactions of the Liverpool Lit. and Phil. Society, Nov. 5, 1849.
 MIRROUR OF MAIESTIE. 89
The Pleiades some think that he
by yellow doues did shade ;

ffor greater and the lesser here

the double bosse he made.
These things old Nestor by long vse
did vnderstand full well,

Strong men make warres but wise is he

that course of starres can tell."

By we have now arrived

following the current of time,
at THE MIRROVR OF MAIESTIE, which is a work of extreme
rarity. The Rev. Thomas Corser, Rector of Stand, near
Manchester, by whose very kind permission our fac-
simile imprint was first photographed and then lithographed,
at one time considered his copy the only one known that
was absolutely perfect, ab ovo ad mala, from beginning to
end. This he found to be not strictly correct, and himself
afterwards described it as " EXTREMELY RARE, if not almost
UNIQUE, there being only one other perfect copy known ";*
but Mr. Carew Hazlitt's very excellent Hand-Book, p. 217,
enumerates three copies, the Bodleian, Mr. Hut/is, and
Mr. Corser s, which are equally complete. Another edition,
or rather another copy with a fresh title-page, is also
mentioned, "Printed by William lones, dwelling in Red
to-
Crosse Streete. 1619. 4 34 leaves."
As will be observed on examination, there are thirty-three
"
Noble Personages rancked in the Catalogue," " vnto whom
the worke is appropriated," and thirty-three coats of arms
set forth but as two Emblems are assigned to the king
;

and only one to the three lord chief justices, there are
thirty-two Emblems with their devices, all having mottoes,
excepting that which is appropriated to the Bishop of
London.
The garters around the shields show that, including the
sovereign himself, there were tzvelveof the noble personages
knights of this most noble order. Of the Royal family,
* A pencil note in Mr. Corser's copy says, "Excessively rare, only two
copies known, this, which is perfect, and another in the White Knight's col-
lection, which had the title reprinted with the date altered to 1619. At the
sale of that library in 1819, Pt. 2, 2924, it was bought by Mr. Perry for ;i8.
It was resold at Perry's sale for 17. i-js. to Mr. Heber, and again in Heber's
"
collection in 1834, Pt. 4, 739, for "].
icw. ex/, to Thorpe.
E
90 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
three members are named of the Church, one archbishop
;

and three bishops there are five of the great officers of

:

state, one duke, one marquis, six earls, two lord viscounts,
eight bearing the title of lord, and three lord chief justices.
Though some of the devices and mottoes may be referred
to other sources, as Emb. I, the crown and mitre Emb. 3,
;

the phcenix; Emb. 12, the armed hand and sword on the
fire; and Emb. 16, the armed hand wielding thunder-
bolts, yet generally they may be regarded as invented
or adapted by the author himself. The stanzas for the
armorial bearings frequently refer to them, and those
which unfold the meanings of the devices are expressly
suited to the symbols and signs that have been employed.
Occasionally, however, we have to blame some intem-
perance of language against those to whom the king and
the nation were opposed. Twenty of the mottoes are in
Latin and the others, eleven, in Italian.
;

Considerable skill is manifested both in the designing of

the Emblems and in selecting the mottoes. There is also
nearly always appropriateness in the verses which set them
forth but their poetic merit does little to enhance their
;

value. Indeed, the very subjects that are treated of

achievements or hatchments of arms, heraldic ensigns, the
laudatory or the laboriously-concocted verses, the scrolls
of proverbial wisdom or of epigrammatic lore might serve
to dull inspiration where it existed and to bring genius
itself down to the level of unfrenzied thought. It is only
when we have gained some knowledge of the " noble per-
"
sonages that are rancked within the volume, and have
learned something of their lives and characters, it is only
then that we can take an interest in the measured or, as is
often the case, in the unmetrical rhymes appended to names,
ensigns, and mottoes and we regard the work as one ex-
;

ponent, among many, of the reign of a king whom his

enemies did not fear, nor did his friends heartily love. He
was eager for praise, but unable to deserve it.
Yet we must not forget that the Mirrovr of Maiestie
reflects names of no trifling mark in the history, whether
of their age or of their country. The Archbishop of
 MIRR O VR OFFICER S OF STA TE. 91

Canterbury whom it commemorates was George Abbot ;

the Bishop of London, John King the Bishops of Win- ;

chester and Ely, James Montagu and Launcelot Andrews.

Of great officers of state, the Lord Chancellor was
Francis Bacon the Lord Treasurer, Thomas Howard,
;

Earl of Suffolk the Lord Privy Seal, Edward Somerset,

;

Earl of Worcester the Lord Admiral, Charles Howard,

;

Earl of Nottingham the Lord Chamberlain, William, Earl

;

of Pembroke and the Lord Chief Justice of the King's

;

Bench, Sir Henry Montagu.

Then, of other noblemen whose names are introduced,
Lodowick Stuart, Duke of Richmond and Lennox, was
Chamberlain and Admiral of Scotland Thomas Howard, ;

Earl of Arundel, had travelled through France and Italy,

and made the great collection " of the precious relics of
"
antiquity which bears his name. Of him, too, it is re-
corded that he possessed " more Holbeins than all the world
besides."* The Earl of Southampton was Shakespeare's
friend, f
"
Henry Wriothesley, to whom the poet declared,
if your Honour seeme but pleased, I account my selfe
highly praised." Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, who
held the chief command in the army of the Parliament,
" "
is named among the Illustrious and Heroyicall Princes
" "
to whose Eternall Memorie the 24 leaves of Honour in
its Perfection, 4to, 1624, are dedicated: the Lord Viscount
Lisle was Robert Sidney, the brother of Sir Philip Sidney ;

and Richard Sackville, Earl of Dorset, was grandson of

Thomas Sackville, who died in 1608, aged 82, and whom
"
Aikin's Mem. of James /., vol. i. p. 304, characterizes as the
extraordinary man of genius, who, after affording in his
youth the poetical model of Spenser, was in advanced life
selected by Queen Elizabeth to succeed to the station of
Lord Burleigh."
Now these are names worthy to be reflected from a
Mirrovr of Maiestie, and lend to the Majesty itself the
brightest glories.

* Aikin's Mem. of Cmirt of James /., vol. i.

p. 300.

t Grainger, vol. ii.

pp. 30, 31.
92 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
It is strange, therefore, that a work of such a name, and
with characters so celebrated recorded upon its pages,
should have passed into oblivion almost as soon as it was
published, and should for above two entire centuries obtain
not a word of honourable mention. The first to disinter it
was Edmund Lodge, in his Portraits of Illustrious Per-
sonages of Great Britain, vol. iv. p. 10. Lodge was writing
the memoir of the Life of Henry Wriothesley, Earl of
Southampton, one of the noblemen to whom, as we have
mentioned, an Emblem is assigned in the Mirrovr of
Maiestie ; he spoke of the "Mirrovr" as "a book of such
extreme rarity that it may be confidently presumed that it
now for the first time offers itself to the notice of modern
readers. The nature and method of the little work in
question, a copy of which, thought to be unique, is in my
hands, will be sufficiently explained by the title." ..." In
this collection, under the arms of the Earl of Southampton,
which consist of a cross between five sea-gulls, are these
"
lines (See Emb. 14, printed 13) :

" No storme of
troubles, or cold frosts of Friends,
Which on free Greatnes, too too oft, attends,
Can (by presumption) threaten your free state :

For these presaging sea-birds doe amate

Presumptuous Greatnes : mouing the best mindes,
By their approach, to feare the future windes
Of all calamitie, no lesse then they
Portend to sea-men a tempestuous day :

Which you foreseeing may beforehand crosse,

As they doe them, and so prevent the losse."
"
On the opposite page to a biform figure of Mars and
Mercury encircled with the motto 'in utraque perfectus,'
is subjoined the
following compliment" :

1 '
~\ T 7 HAT coward Sloicke, or blunt captaine will
VV Dis-like this Vnion, or not labour still
To reconcile the Arts and victory?
Since in themselues Arts have this quality,
To vanquish errours traine what other than
:

Should loue the Arts, if not a valiant man ?

Or, how can he resolue to execute,
That hath not first learn'd to be resolute ?
If any shall oppose this, or dispute,
Your great example shall their spite confute."
 MIRR OVRAU THOR SHIP. 93

The very same copy from which, by the great favour of

itsowner, the Rev. Thomas Corser, our photolith fac-simile
reprint was taken, is the one which Lodge thought to be
unique, and which was in his hands when he wrote the
memoir of Henry Wriothesley. Written in pencil by
Mr. Corser, we found within the cover of it the following
record :

"This very fine copy belonged to the late Edmund Lodge, Esq., and is

particularly noticed in the Memoir

Henry Earl of Southampton, where he
of
has quoted the metrical lines which accompany his Arms, and those of the
Emblem annexed." "From Lodge it was purchased at the sale by Mr. Bent,
of the Aldine Chambers, Paternoster-row, for the sum of ,13. IDS."

We add, with some

degree of pride in the excellence and
rarity ofour exemplar, that when Mr. Corser's copy was
sold by public auction, March 19, 1869, the final bidding
was no less a sum than thirty-six pounds sterling.

The
authorship of the Mirrovr of Majestie remains some-
what doubt, but Mr. W. Carew Hazlitt, in a work which he
in
edited from Mr. Huth's very valuable collections, Poetical
Miscellanies, interprets H. G. to be the ciphers of Sir
Henry Goodere, an attendant on King James. In a note
at sign. HH
verso, on An Elegy at sign. DD 4, the editor
remarks :

" Sir H. G. It is conjectured that these initials belong to Sir Henry Good-
yeer, whom the editor inclines to regard as the author of a very rare volume of
Emblems, The Mirrour of Majesty, 1618. Jonson, among his Epistles, has
one to Goodyere, and at the end of Drayton's Legends, 1596, 8vo., is a sonnet
in praise of the author by //. G. Esquire"

It depends on the interpretation we give to the elegy

in the Poetical Miscellanies, whether we assign it to King

James's reign, or later ; but the lament is probably over

the early death of Prince Henry, when the author asks :

" Will not he think

that, by lamenting thus
The leaving of these kingdoms and of us,
We do not to his new-got Kingdom strive,
"
Where he is crown'd, his fathers both alive ?

The same notion that Prince Henry has a "a new-got

94 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
kingdom," where, if not literally crowned, he lives in
blessedness, occurs in the Mirrovr's 4th Emblem, p. 7,
dedicated to his brother Charles :

" When Peace

(suspecting he would ivarre inferre,)
Tooke Henry hence, to Hue aboue with her,
She bade lane's Bird returne from 's quicke convoy
Of his faire soule, left in Heav'ns lasting loy."

Seth, too, appears to be King James himself, eulogized

and glorified. The Mirrovr, Embleme I, celebrates the
sovereign as REX ET SACERDOS DEI, King and Priest of
God, and thus sounds his praise :

" Earth can but make a

King of earth partaker
But Knowledge makes him neerest like his maker.
For man's meere power not built on Wisdomes fort,
Dos rather pluck downe kingdomes than support
Perfectly mixt, thus Power and Knowledge moue
About thy just designes, ensphear'd with loue ;
Which (as a glasse) serue neighbour-Kings to see
How best to follow, though not equall thee."

The Elegy speaks of the work of Nature, and assures

us,
" She made our
world, then us ; she made his head ;

Our sense and motion from his brain were bred :

And as two great destructions have and must

Deface and bring to nothing that of dust,
So our true world, this princes head and brain,
A wasteful deluge did and fires sustain.
But as foresight of two such wastes made Seth
Erect two columns t' outlive that world's death,
Against that flood and fire, of brick and stone,
In which he did by his provision
Preserve from barbarism and ignorance
Th' ensuing ages, and did re-advance
All Sciences, which he engraved there,
So by our'Seth's provision have we here
Two pillars left where whatsoe'er we prized
:

In our lost world is well characterized.

The list'ning to this sovereign harmony
Tames my grief's rage. That now as Elegy
Made at the first for mourning, hath been since
Employ'd on love, joy, and magnificence ;
So this particular elegy shall close
(Meant for my grief for him), with joy for those.
" SIR II G."
 MIRRO VR-A UTHORSHIP. 95

The first trace I have found of the initials H. G* is at

the end of a sonnet in Michaell Drayton's Tragicall legend
of Robert duke of Normandy, siirnamed Short-thigh^ with
the Legend of Matilda the chast. And the Legend of Piers
Gaveston. London 1596 16-
" The vision of Matilda
Methought I saw upon Matildas Tombe,
Her wofull ghost, which Fame did now awake,
And cr her passage fro Earth's hollow Wombe,
'd
To view Legend, written for her sake
this :

No sooner shee her Sacred Name had scene.

Whom her kind friend had chose to grace his story,
But wiping her chast teares from her sad eyne,
She seem'd to tryumph, in her double glory.
Glory shee might, that his admired Muse,
Had with such method fram'd her just complaint :

But proud she was, that reason made him chuse,

To patronize the same to such a Saint :

In whom her rarest Vertues may be shown

Though Poets skil shold faile to make the known.
"H. G. ESQUIRE."
In a description on Latin rhymes by Ralph Calphut
"
(Thomas Cariat), of Brasenose College, Oxford, of a
philosophical feast" there, Sep. 2, 1611, among the guests
named as present are Sir Henry Goodere, John West,
Hugh Holland, and Inigo Jones."*
Among his other works, the device to which was a duck,
with the motto Non altnm peto, Drayton's Odes, with other
Lyrick Poesies, were published in folio in 1619, the year
after the Mirrovr of Maiestie. The Odes bear this dedi-
cation, pp. 277-8 :

"
To THE WORTHY KNIGHT AND MY NOBLE FRIEND,
SIR HENRY GOODERE, a Gentleman of his Maiesties
Prime Chamber."
" THESE
Lyrick Pieces, short, and few,
Most worthy Sir, I send to you,
To reade them, be not wearie :

They may become JOHN HEWES his Lyre,

Which oft at Fowls-worth by the fire
Hath made vs grauely merry.

* See Mrs. Everett Green's Calendar

of State Papers, Domestic Series,
1611 1618.
96 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
" Belieue
it, he must have the Trick

Of Ryming, with Inuention quick,

That should due Lyricks well :

But how I haue done in this kind,

Though in my selfe I cannot find,
Your Judgement best can tell.
' '
Th' old British BARDS, vpon their Harpes,
For falling Flatts, and rising Sharpes,
That curiously were strung ;
To stirre their Youth to Warlike Rage,
Or their wyld Furie to asswage,
In these loose Numbers sung.
" No more I for Fooles Censures passe,
Then for the braying of an Asse,
Nor once mine Eare will lend them :

Ifyou but please to take in gree

These Odes, sufficient 'tis to mee :

Your liking can commend them.

"Yours
"Mien. DRAYTON."

Out of these materials, I believe, we are not able to

construct absolute conviction. But whether Sir Henry
Goodere be the author or not, certain it is that the initials
H. G. were attached to the original Mirrovr of Maiestie
in 1618; and now, in 1870, this introductory notice of a
fac-simile reprint is signed with the same monogram. The
metempsychosesTor 250 years, through at least seven genera-
tions, from the author to the editor, I leave to be explained
by some one who, like Joseph Glanvill, an early defender
of the Royal Society of England, affirms,
"
The
sages of old live again in us."
"
are our We
re-animated ancestours, and antedate their resurrection."
H. G.
 II.

ANNOTATIONS ON THE ARMORIAL

BEARINGS AND NOBLE PERSONAGES.

in its expressive symbolism embo-

[jERALDRY,
dying a wide range of thought in the visible
form of a simple image, speaks the same lan-
guage as Emblems possessing many features
in common and oftentimes so closely interwoven as scarcely
to be distinguishable, it ought rather to be considered as a
branch of the same subject than a distinct science. Each
speaks laconically to the mind through the eye, by the
agency of figurative imagery conveying distinctive ideas,
and both seem to have had their origin in that love of
symbolical expression which in the rudest conditions of
barbarism not less than in the most advanced stages of
civilization has been one of the component elements of the
human mind.
The two extremes of the human family seem almost to
stand side by side in their adoption of this heraldic sym-
bolism indeed nature had hardly imparted to man the
;

instinct of self-preservation when he found it necessary to

impress some device or cognizance upon his own tribe, that
he might distinguish it from those which were inimical to
him. Our knowledge of the habits of barbarous nations
leads to the conclusion that in the most primitive stages
of society the chiefs of different tribes, in the ignorance of
written language, adopted some such emblematic devices as
would convey in the simplest manner an idea of their pre-
dominant qualities or peculiar characteristics. Symbolical
figures are known to have been emblazoned upon the
F
98 A NNO TA TIONS.
standards of the Egyptians and Assyrians. Diodorus
Siculus affirms that the former nation was the first to
adopt these military ensigns, and that the animals borne
thereon afterwards came to be worshipped as deities. Of
their early use there can be no doubt, for several Rab-
binical writers assert that their history affords abundant
proof that such distinctive devices were in use among the
Egyptians previous to the departure of the Israelites from
their land. That the Israelites themselves had their dis-
tinctive blazonry, we have the testimony of Holy Writ:
"
Every man of the children of Israel shall pitch by his own
standard, with the ensign of their father's house far off
:

about the tabernacle of the congregation shall they pitch";*

and we might also notice the arguments that have been
advanced to prove that the same semi-mystic symbolism
prevailed among the nations springing from the Scythians,
the Medes and Persians, and others.
Nearly five hundred years before the Christian era, the
Greek tragedian ^Eschylus described with minute exact-
ness the heraldic insignia of the chieftains who united their
forces for the siege of Thebes before the Trojan war. In
Europe, a personal symbolism may be traced almost from
the first dawn of historical tradition, and there is abundant
evidence to show that a similar usage prevailed among the
races that peopled the valley of the Nile. The uncivilized
tribes inhabiting the Far West possess a faint glimmering
of the science, and the same expressive symbolism is found
among the aboriginal chiefs of Australia. The owl was
the distinctive cognizance of the Athenians, as the eagle
was of the polished subjects of the Caesars and in like
;

manner the wolf's head was the crest of Argos, and the
tortoise of the Peloponnesus, whilst the winged dragon has
ever presided over the heraldry of the Chinese.
The shield, as the most important piece of defensive
armour, by the aid of the limner became also the medium
of recognition among friends and hence it was almost inva-
;

riably embellished with some distinctive personal cogni-

zance supposed to typify the peculiar characteristics of the
* Numbers ii. ?.
 HERALDRY. 99

owner, or to illustrate some remarkable feat or martial

exploit in which he might have been engaged. It is
affirmed that armorial distinctions were first used by
Anubis and Macedo, sons of Osiris, under the emblems of
a wolf and a dog. Both the Greeks and Romans embla-
zoned their shields with such devices; and in the writings
of Livy we find how frequently individual soldiers received
a cognomen in commemoration of some notable incident
or heroic action and what more likely than that the cog-
;

nomen should suggest the personal cognizance. One

instance may be mentioned. A Gaul having challenged
to single combat any one of the Roman army, a tribune of
the soldiers, Marcus Valerius, demanded permission from
the consul to accept it. This having been granted, the
Roman volunteer advanced against his enemy and slew
him, when, to commemorate the circumstance of a raven
having lighted upon his helmet and attacked the face and
eyes of the Gaul as the conflict proceeded, the victorious
tribune assumed the additional name of Corvimts, and
bore a raven in the act of assault for crest upon his helmet,
which was afterwards continued by his successors.
Advancing imperceptibly in the train of civilization,
these personal signs and emblematic devices which from
the very earliest periods had almost universally prevailed,
assumed a distinct form and became subject to certain
laws, and thus gradually an organized system of Heraldry
arose, which had its full development in the Middle Ages,
when it constituted an hereditary mark of honour, " au-
thorized by sovereigns for distinguishing, differencing, and
illustrating persons, families, and communities."
*
A kind of Heraldry distinct from the ordinary insignia
appears to have been in vogue before the regular adoption
of coat-armour, and to have continued in high favour
until the reign of Elizabeth, when it gradually fell into
disuse, with the other brilliant relics of the feudal system.
This was the badge or personal cognizance assumed by
families of rank or importance, and used principally for the
decoration of costume, military equipments, caparisons, and
* Nisbet.
 i oo A NNO TA TIONS.
the liveries of armed followers and retainers. Shakspeare
adverts to the use of this mark of identity in the Second
Part of King Henry V. (Act v. scene I), where Clifford
concludes his threatening address to Warwick with the
words
" I am
resolved to bear a greater storm
Than any thou canst conjure up to-day ;
And that I'll write upon thy burgonet,
"
Might I but know thee by thy household badge.
" "
The word household
clearly denoting that the badge
was used to distinguish the retainers of the eminent
personage to whom it pertained.
In the review of the English Emblem-Books which pre-
ceded the Mirrovr of Maiestie, given in the earlier part of
this volume, reference is made to the badges adopted by the
sovereigns of England. Many of them are enumerated in
Burke's Encyclopedia of Heraldry, and a very complete
list will be found in the Rev. Charles Boutell's Heraldry
Historical and Popular, One of the earliest, and perhaps
the most famous of all, was the sprig of broom, Planta-
genista, the emblem of humility, borne by Geoffrey of
Anjou, and assumed by his descendants whence arose a ;

name immortal in English history the patronymic of the

royal of the Plantagenets.
race A
favourite badge of
Richard was the white hart couchant, an emblem
II.

derived, no doubt, from that of his mother, Joan of Kent,

who bore a white hind couchant under a tree, gorged
and chained, or. Another renowned historical badge was
the falcon and the fetterlock, the cognizance of King
Edward IV., respecting the adoption of which the follow-
ing story is narrated by Dr. Barrington in his Lectures
on Heraldry (pp. 182-3): "Edmund of Langley, the
great-grandfather of Edward IV., bore for impress
'
a
faulcon in a fetterlock,' implying that he was shut up
from all hope and possibility of the kingdom, when his
brother John of Gaunt began to aspire thereto. Where-
upon he asked, upon a time when he saw his sons viewing
his device set up in a window, what was Latin for a fet-
terlock ? Whereat, when the young gentlemen studied,
 HERALDRY. 101

the father said, 'Well, if you cannot tell me, I will tell
you Hie hcec hoc taceatis,' as advising them to be silent
and quiet, saying, 'Yet God knows what may come to pass
hereafter.' This his great-grandson (Edward IV.) repeated,
when he commanded that his younger son, Richard Duke
of York, should use this device, with the fetterlock opened"
The well-known feather badge has been the device of the
Princes of Wales from the time of Arthur, son of Henry VII.
The ostrich feathers were held in high esteem by the Black
Prince, who gave precise instructions for their display among
the armorial achievements to be placed above his tomb.
These compositions were to be twelve in number, six being
"
for war de nos armez entiers quartettes" and the remainder
of ostrich feathers for peace, " et qe sur chacun escuchon
soit escript, cest assavier sur cellez de noz armez et sur les
ant res des plumes d'ostruce, Houmout" * The old tradition,
which affirms that this device was won at Crescy from the
blind king of Bohemia, who perished in the thick of the
fight, requires more positive corroboration before it can be
accepted as genuine history. The badge of the king of
Bohemia was a vulture, and there is certainly no evidence
to show that the Black Prince himself ever associated the
device with his early exploit at Crescy. The ostrich
feathers are first mentioned in 1369 on the plate of Philippa,
and were used by all the sons of Edward II., and of all
the kings until Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales, son of
Henry VI I., first ensigned the three feathers with a coronet,
since which they have been appropriated to the Princes of
Wales.
Shakspeare makes frequent allusion to the Cognizances
the sun-f- and the boar borne by the two brothers of

* It is
worthy of note that the Black Prince's tomb in Canterbury Cathedral
presents a perplexing discrepancy from the letter of histt will. The escutcheons
"
of arms are actually surmounted by labels inscribed koumoutt whilst those
" ich
with ostrich feathers have the motto diene," not mentioned in the Prince's
injunctions.
f The "sun in splendour" was adopted as an heraldic cognizance by
Edward IV., in memory, as we are told, "of the three suns" which are said
to have appeared in the heavens when he gained the victory over the
Lancastrians at the battle of Mortimer's Cross.
102 ANNOTATIONS.
the House of York, Edward IV. and Richard III.; as, for
instance :

" Now is the winter of our discontent

Made glorious summer by the sun of York. "
King Richard III., Act I. sc. i.

And
"To fly the boar before the boar pursues,
Were to incense the boar to follow us,
And make pursuit, where he did mean no chase.
Go, bid thy master rise and come to me ;
And we will both together to the Tower,
Where, he shall see, the boar will use us kindly."
King Richard III., Act III. sc. 2.

The last-named cognizance being also commemorated in

the whimsical jeu cT esprit which cost the author, William
Collingbourne, his life :

"The Rat, the Cat, and Lovel the dog,

Rule all England under a Hog."

The couplet having allusion to the names of the two royal

favourites, Ratcliffe and Catesby, to the crest of Lord
Lovel, which was a dog, and the boar, the cognizance of
Richard III.
Not less famous was the cognizance of the Nevilles :

"The rampant bear chained to the ragged staff,"

which was borne both as a crest and badge, and is thus

referred to by Shakspeare in the Second Part of King
Henry VI. (Act v. sc. i), when York, after being charged
by Lord Clifford, replies
as a traitor :

' '
Look in a glass, and call thy image so ;
I amthy king, and thou a false-heart traitor,
Call hither to the stake my two brave bears,
That with the very shaking of their chains
They may astonish these fell-lurking curs "
:

Bid Salisbury and Warwick come to me.

It was not until the long reign of Henry III. that

heraldic blazonry firstassumed a systematic character and
 HERALDR V. 103

its hereditary use became established, arms having pre-

viously been assumed at will as military ensigns, and then
adopted as honourable distinctions. That great military
enterprise which leagued together the chivalry of Europe
the Crusades necessitated a more definite system of
military insignia than had previously been prevalent.
Each warrior of rank adopted some recognized device
or composition, which was displayed upon his knightly
pennon and banner, and emblazoned upon the shield
and the rich surcoat which he wore over his armour and ;

modifications of these devices would, of necessity, be

assigned to his followers and hence the names, coats of
;

arms and coat armour. In this way armorial bearings

took their rise, and also became subject to certain laws,
which protected the bearer in the exclusive use of them.
At this period the cross became a very common bearing
among the Crusaders,* and pilgrims afterwards adopted it
as their cognizance.
" A bloodie cross he
bore,
The dear remembrance of his dying Lord,
For whose sweet sake that glorious badge he wore.
And dead, as living, ever Him adored :

Upon his shield the like was also scored."

In the Crusade confederacy, the practical utility of

heraldry was felt and appreciated its popularity increased
;

during the fierce social struggle of the Roses, and its

reputation was maintained until the accession of the
Tudors, when its decline may be said to have begun, along
with that social system in which it had its origin.
Though in ancient times arms were voluntarily assumed,
they were also frequently granted by the sovereign as"
honourable distinctions to those who were of " gentle
descent or had signalized themselves in tournament or
battle ;
and hence they became the avowed marks of
honour, gentility, and family distinction an eager desire :

for their possession was manifested by all who had interest

* Mackenzie
says that in the Crusades, the English carried a cross, or ;
the Scotch, a St. Andrew's cross ; the French, a cross, argent ; the Germans,
sable ; the Italians, azure ; and the Spaniards, gules.
 1 04 A NNO TA TIONS.
in the soil, whether they had served in any military capacity
or not, and great pride was taken in their display.
" "
Although arms," says an heraldic writer, were, in their
firstacceptation, taken up at any gentleman's pleasure,
yet hath that liberty for many ages been deny'd, and they,
by regal authority, made the rewards and ensigns of merit,
or the gracious favours of princes no one being, by the
;

law of gentility in England, allowed the bearing thereof

but those that either have them by descent or grant.
Therefore Henry V., by proclamation, did inhibit thus :

'
Quod nullus cujuscunquc status, gradus seu conditionis
fuerit, hujusmodi anna sive tunicas armorum in se sumat,
nisi ipse jure antecessorio vel ex donatione alicujus ad hoc
sufficientem potestatem liabentis, ca possideat aut possidere
debeat, et quod ipse arma sive tunicas illas ex cujus dono
obtinct, demonstrationis suce personis ad hoc per nos assignatis
seu assignandis manifeste demonstret, exceptis illis quc nobis-
"
cum apud bellwn de Agincourt arma portabant' &c. And
the great legal luminary, the Lord Chief Justice Coke,
"
affirmed that every gentleman must be arma gerens" and
that the best test of gentle blood is the bearing of arms.
That being so, it was natural that a work like the one
now reproduced, which, not by speech or outward ex-
pression, but through the agency of an ideal symbolism,
professed to shadow forth the distinguishing qualities and
personal virtues of the illustrious individuals represented,
should also give those avowed and recognized evidences of
hereditary rank and honourable distinction embodied in
their heraldic insignia, and thus extend and intensify its
own poetic imagery by means of accumulative association.
Having sketched thus hastily the rise and progress of
Heraldic blazonry under its variously modified forms, we
"
proceed to notice briefly the several Noble Personages
rancked in the Catalogue," "vnto whom the worke is
appropriated."

J. C.
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 105

THE KING, pp. 13.

ARMS. Quarterly 1st and 4th Grand Quarters, Quar-
:

terly, istand 4th, az.* three fleurs-de-lys, two and one, or,
for France Modern ;-f* 2nd and 3rd, gu., three lions passant
guardant, in pale, or, for England. 2nd Grand Quarter, or,
a lion rampant, gu., within a double tressure, fleurie counter
fleurie, for Scotland. 3rd Grand Quarter, as., a harp, or,
stringed, az., for Ireland. The shield encircled by a garter
inscribed with the motto of the order, Honi soit qui mal y
pense, and ensigned with a crown and the initials I.R.

James the First of England and the Sixth of Scotland was

the only son of Mary Queen of Scots, by Henry Stuart, Lord
Darnley, and great-grandson of Margaret, elder daughter
of Henry VII. of England. He was born at Edinburgh
Castle, June 19, 1566, and baptized according to the rites
of the Catholic Church in Stirling Castle, by the names
of Charles James, December i/th following; his sponsors
being Charles IX. of France, Philibert Duke of Savoy,
and Elizabeth of England, the latter sending as a gift to
her godson a golden font valued at three thousand crowns.
On the death of Elizabeth, March 24, 1603, James suc-
ceeded as direct heir to the crown of England, although
expressly excluded by the statutes in force, which vested
the legal right to the throne in Lord Seymour, eldest son
of the Earl of Hereford, by Lady Katharine Grey (sister
of Lady Jane Grey), as heir of Mary, Duchess of Suffolk,

* In the Mirrovr, the arms are in

every instance depicted in outline only,
without any indication of tincture, an omission it has been thought desirable
to supply.
f Charles V. of France, with a view apparently to distinguish between
his own arms and the fleurs-de-lys borne by the English claimants of his
crown, reduced the number of his fleurs-de-lys to three only. The same change
was effected by Heury IV. in the 1st and 4th Quarters of the Arms of England ;

and impressions of his Great Seal, taken in the years 1406 and 1409, exist,
which bear the quartered arms (on banners instead of shields) charged with
three fleurs-de-lys only. This modification of the French shield, which bears
three fleurs-de-lys only, is styled in Heraldry
" France Modern"; and thus is
" France Ancient." BOUTELL.
distinguished from the shield semee de lys, or,
G
1 06 A NNO TA TIONS.
younger sister of Henry VIII. He was proclaimed at
Whitehall and Cheapside on the day following Elizabeth's
decease, the popular voice being undoubtedly raised in his
favour, in consequence of a natural opinion that he was
the lawful heir, though his hereditary pretensions were not
acknowledged and ratified by Parliament until March,
1604.* On receiving intelligence of Elizabeth's death, he
at once proceeded to London, and was crowned with his
queen, Anne of Denmark, at Westminster, July 25, 1603.
King James was seized with a tertian ague at Theobalds,
near Cheshunt, where he died on Sunday, the 2/th March,
1625, in the fifty-ninth year of his age, and after a reign
over England of twenty-two years, and was succeeded by
his only surviving son, Charles, Prince of Wales, his eldest
son, the Prince Henry, having pre-deceased him.
In the character of James there is little to command
respect or create esteem weak, vain, and pedantic, he
:

lacked those nobler qualities which go to the making of a

great man or an illustrious king. As a sovereign his
character may be briefly summed up in the remark that
he reigned like a woman, after a woman who had reigned
like a man.

THE QVEENE, pp. 4, 5.

ARMS. On
a lozenge, a cross gu., surmounted of
another arg. In the dexter canton, or, semee of hearts
ppr., three lions passant guardant, in pale, az., crowned or,
for Denmark in the sinister canton, gu., a lion rampant,
;

crowned or, holding in his paws a battle-axe arg., for Nor-

way in the dexter base quarter, az., three crowns ppr., for
;

Sweden and in the sinister base quarter, or, semee of

;

hearts,^., in chief a lion passant guardant az., for Jutland.

In the base of the lozenge, beneath the cross, the ancient
ensign of the Vandals, gtt$ a wyvern, its tail nowed and
wings expanded, or. Upon the centre of the cross, an
* i I. c. i.
Jac.
 ARMS AMD PERSONAGES. 107

escutcheon of pretence charged with quarterly, first, or,

two lions passant guardant as., for Sleswick second, git., ;

an inescutcheon, having a nail in every point thereof, in

triangle, between as many holly-leaves, all ppr., for Hoi-
stein third, gu., a swan arg., beaked sa., gorged with a
;

coronet ppr., for Stormerk and fourth, az., a chevalier

;

armed at all points, brandishing his sword, his helm

plumed, his charger arg., the trappings or, for Ditzmers.
Over the whole on an inescutcheon az., a cross patee
fitchee or, for Dalmenhurst, impaling for Oldenburgh, or,
two bars gu. The whole ensigned with a crown.*

The lady by whom this complicated example of the

elaboration of heraldic details was borne Anne, princess
of Denmark, queen of James L, was the second daughter
of Frederick II., king of Denmark and Norway, by Sophia,
daughter of the duke of Mecklenburg. She was born at
Scanderburg, December 12, 1575, and educated as a
zealous Protestant of the Lutheran creed. Her father
was accounted one of the richest sovereigns in Europe ;

and, as a prudent prince, had accumulated large dowries

for his daughters, whose hands were sought by many of
the northern princes. Her marriage with James took
place by proxy at the Danish court, on the 2Oth of
August, 1589, she being then in her fourteenth year. The
king having learned that his bride would be unable to
reach Scotland until the following spring, resolved on a
journey to Norway, where her vessel had taken shelter,
in order to meet her. He embarked at Leith on the
iQth October, accompanied by four other vessels, and
landed at Slaikray, in Norway, whence he proceeded,
partly by land and partly by sea, to Upslo, where the
queen was staying, arriving there on the iQth November.
The marriage was celebrated on the Sunday following,
Mr. David Lyndsay, the king's own minister, performing
the nuptial ceremony in the French language. On the
* These arms are identical with those borne of the
by Frederick II., father
Queen Consort, who was elected a Knight of the Garter in 1578, as appears
by the blazonry in his stall-plate, which is still preserved at Windsor.
1 08 A NNO TA TIONS.
ist of May, 1590, the king and queen landed at Leith, and
thence proceeded to Edinburgh, where, on the i/th of the
same month, she was crowned in the abbey church of
Holyrood. As dower, James received with his bride the
islands of Orkney and Shetland, which had in the pre-
ceding century been pawned by Denmark to Scotland ;

and thus he completed the geographical wholeness of his

inheritance.
On throne of England in 1603,
his accession to the
Anne became thequeen-consort of Great Britain, a
first
title which has been borne by the wives of our sovereigns
from that time to the present. Her death occurred at
Hampton Court on Tuesday, the 2nd March, 1619; and
on the following Tuesday her body was conveyed to
Denmark House, in the Strand, where it lay in state until
the 1 3th May, when it was buried in Westminster Abbey.
Her hearse, which remained standing over the place of
her interment the whole of the reign of James I., was
destroyed during the civil wars, with many a funeral
memento of more durable materials. In addition to her
eldest son, Henry Prince of Wales, who died in 1612, in
his eighteenth year, she had issue Robert, Margaret, and
Sophia, who died young Charles, afterwards Charles I.,
;

and Elizabeth, married to Frederick V., duke of Bavaria,

Elector Palatine of the Rhine, and king of Bohemia, both
of themsingularly unfortunate.
Many tributes in verse were offered to her memory, and
Camden has preserved two elegiac epitaphs, one of which
possesses some elegance of thought :

"
March, with his winds, hath struck a cedar tall,
And weeping April mourns that cedar's fall ;
And May intends no flowers her month shall bring,
Since she must lose the flower of all the spring
:

Thus March's winds hath caused April's showers,

And yet sad May must lose her flower of flowers." *

Another, written by King James himself, which contains

an allusion to the comet supposed to have foreboded the
queen's death, is very characteristic of the royal author :

* Camden's Remains,
397.
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 109
" Then to invite the
great God sent a star;
His nearest friend and kin good princes are,
Who, though they run their race of man and die,
Death serves but to refine their majesty.
So did my queen her court from hence remove,
And left the earth to be enthroned above ;
Then she is changed, not dead, no good prince dies,
But like the sun, doth only set to rise." *

THE PRINCE, pp. 6, 7.

In the plate assigned to Prince Charles we have the

ordinary feather badge of the princes of Wales, to which
allusion has already been made f A
plume of ostrich
feathers, arg., quilled, or ; enfoiled with a prince's coronet
of the last, with an escroll, az., thereon the words Ich
Dicn.

The Prince Charles, son of James I. by his Queen Anne

of Denmark, was born at
Dunfermline, in Scotland,
November 19, 1600 and after the death of his elder
;

brother, Prince Henry, in 1612, was created Prince of Wales

in i6i6.j Subsequently negotiations were entered into
with the Court at Madrid for a marriage with the prince
and the Infanta of Spain but these were conducted
;

in such a manner that five years elapsed without the

treaty being brought to any conclusion and in 1623 ;

Charles, attended by the profligate minister Buckingham,

proceeded to Spain to conclude it in person. On his
way he visited Paris, where he saw for the first time
the Princess Henrietta Maria, daughter of Henry IV.
of France, who was destined to exercise so great an
influence over him. Charles with his attendant reached
Madrid, and the articles were so far settled, that it was
expected the union would be celebrated in the same year ;

but through the influence of Buckingham the match was

eventually broken off, and an alliance was soon after con-
cluded with Henrietta Maria.

* Cole's MSS. f Vide a it It; p. 101. J Granger, ii.

237.
1 1 o A NNO TA TIONS.
On the death of King James in 1625, Charles ascended
the throne, and on Candlemas-day of the same year he
was crowned at Westminster. Before he had solemnized
the funeral of his father, his marriage with Henrietta
Maria of France was concluded; and on the 1st May,
1625, it was solemnized at Paris, the Duke de Chevreuse
acting as proxy after which the queen set out for her
;

husband's court, attended by Buckingham, and arrived

at Dover on the I3th June, where she was received by
Charles.
A
record of the events which marked the troublesome
and unfortunate reign of Charles does n&t come within the
scope of these brief notes. The king had inherited from
his father inordinate notions of kingly power, and reso-
lutely shut his eyes to the fact that the influence of the
people had increased, and that he had to deal with an
entirely different state of public opinion. Persistent in his
determination to reign and govern by " divine right," he
refused to yield anything, and in the fierce struggle which
he provoked he fell. In December, 1648, the Commons
resolved that he should be tried on the charge of treason
"
in making war on his Parliament, and a special High
Court of Justiciary," which had no authority in the English
constitution, was formed. Before this tribunal, which
assembled in Westminster Hall, Charles was brought. On
the 2/th January, 1649, sentence was pronounced against
him, and on the 3Oth he was beheaded in front of White-
hall, his last words to Bishop Juxon, who attended him,
being to charge the Prince Charles, his son, to forgive his
father's murderers.
Charles had issue by his queen, Henrietta Maria, Charles,
Prince of Wales, who succeeded as Charles II. James,
;

Duke of York, who succeeded his elder brother as James II. ;

Henry, Duke of Gloucester, who died unmarried in 1660;

and Mary, espoused to William II., Prince of Orange, by
whom she had an only son, William Henry, who ascended
the British throne as William III. and four other children.
;
 A RMS A ND PERSONA GES. 1 1 1

THE ARCH-BISHOP OF CANTERBVRY, pp. 8, 9.

ARMS. Az., an archiepiscopal staff, in pale, or, ensigned

with a cross pat^e arg., surmounted by a pall of the last,
fimbriated and fringed gold, and charged with four crosses
formees fitchees sa. : the arms of the See of Canterbury
impaling, gu., a chevron between three pears, pendent,
stalked, or, for Abbot.*

George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury, whose arms

are above described, was born of humble parentage, his
father being a weaver and cloth-worker (or, according to
some accounts, a clock-maker) at Guildford, in Surrey, in
which town the prelate first saw the light in 1562^ He
received his early education in the Grammar-school of his
native place, and removed thence to Baliol College, Oxford.
Afterwards he became successively Master of University
College, Dean of Winchester, and Vice-Chancellor of Ox-
ford, and eventually he was raised to the See of Lichfield
and Coventry thence he was translated to London and,
; ;

lastly, he was selected to succeed Richard Bancroft as Arch-

bishop of Canterbury installed at Lambeth on Tuesday,
;

April 9, 1611, and sworn a Privy Councillor at Greenwich

on the 23rd June following.
Archbishop Abbot was a firm Protestant and a zealous
and powerful leader of the Puritanical party, and as such
a determined opponent of Laud, whose policy he resisted
with uncompromising resolution. A
stern moralist, he
had disapproved of the Book of Sports, and boldly for-
bade its being read in his church at Croydon and he ;

openly remonstrated against the articles of the proposed

Spanish marriage, which had given great offence to the

* The arms of the Archbishop may still be seen at Canterbury and at

(Juildford.
f The house in which Archbishop Abbot was born remained standing until
July, 1863.
ri2 ANNOTATIONS.
Protestant feeling of England. At one time Abbot was
distinguished for his rigorous maintenance of the doctrines
of divine right and passive obedience but, after the acces-
;

sion of Charles I., whom he crowned at Westminster, his

views changed, and he became an equally resolute oppo-
nent of the despotic measures of the king, and peremp-
torily refused to license a sermon dedicated to his majesty,
in which the preacher, Dr. Sibthorpe, asserted that the
king was not himself bound to observe the laws of the
realm, but that his subjects were bound to obey him in
whatever might be his commands.
In 1623, being with a hunting party at the seat of Lord
Zouch, in Hampshire, he had the misfortune to shoot one
of his lordship's keepers, an act of casual homicide that
caused his retirement for a time, during which he re-
sided at his country residence near Croydon. He died at
Croydon in 1633, and was buried at Guildford, in which
town he had founded and liberally endowed a hospital
for poor men and women, and where his tomb still
remains.
Though lowly-born, the Abbot family contained the ele-
ments of greatness. Robert, the elder brother of the Arch-
bishop, became Bishop of Salisbury, and another brother
filled the office of Lord Mayor of London. Fuller speaks
"
of the three as " a happy ternion of brothers." " George
he describes " as the more plausible preacher, Robert
the greatest scholar George the abler statesman, Robert
;

the deeper divine gravity," he adds, " did frown in George,

;

and smile in Robert." Clarendon, who has furnished us

with portraits of so many public men of the Stuart and
Commonwealth periods, describes the Archbishop as " of
morose manners and sour aspect." As Dean of West-
"
minster, he was the second of eight divines to whom the
"
translation of the whole New Testament was committed
by order of James I., there being fifty-four translators
nominated for the entire Bible now in use.
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 113

THE LORD CHANCELLOR, pp. 10, 11.

ARMS. on a chief, arg., two mullets pierced, sa.,

Gu.,
differenced by crescent, as denoting the younger line.
a

Francis Bacon, Baron Verulam and Viscount St. Albans,

one of the greatest of English philosophers, was the
youngest son of Sir Nicholas Bacon, Lord Keeper of the
Great Seal, by his wife, one of the daughters of Sir
Anthony Cooke, tutor to King Edward VI., and was
born at York House, in the Strand, January 22, 1561.
At twelve years of age he began his academical career at
Trinity College, Cambridge, and such was the progress he
made, that at sixteen he had become master of the whole
then understood. On quitting the
circle of liberal arts as
university, he travelled over France, but returned to
England on the death of his father in 1579, after which
he studied the common law in Gray's Inn, and was called
to the bar at the age of twenty-one. In 1593 he entered
Parliament, and having written in favour of the union
of England and Scotland, he received the honour of
knighthood after the accession of James I., July 23,
1603.
Though he had a formidable rival in Sir Edward
Coke, Bacon rose rapidly into favour; in 1605 he was
appointed to the office of Solicitor-General, and on the
2$th October, 1613, he became Attorney-General. On
the 9th June, 1616, he was sworn of the Privy Council ;

on the /th March following, he was appointed Lord Keeper

of the Great Seal and on the death of Lord Chancellor
;

Ellesmere, a few days later, was named Lord Chancellor

of England. On Sunday, July 12, 1618, he was elevated
to the peerage by the title of Baron Verulam, and created
'

Viscount St. Albans January 27, 1627.

Bacon had now attained the vheigiit of his popularity,
and from this time may be dated the beginning of his
miserable fall. Complaints were made of his venality
H
114 A NNO TA TIONS.
as a judge, and the House of Commons having im-
peached him as being guilty of corruption upon his
own confession, he was fined ^40,000, deprived of all
his offices, and committed to the Tower during the king's
pleasure. After a time he was set at liberty and the
greater part of the fine remitted, but he remained absent
from the court, and continued to live in retirement,
devoting his life to those philosophical studies which
he had never forgot or neglected, even in the midst
of honours or when burdened with the cares of state.
When only nineteen, he wrote a General View of tJie State
of Europe. His great works are the Novuin Organum and
the De Augmentis Scientiarum. The former, projected in
his youth, was prefaced by a series of sketches, revised
and rewritten, and finally published in 1620. The latter
appeared in 1603, and the English edition (Advancement
of Learning) in 1605. The Essays were first published in
1597, but large additions were subsequently made. Among
his other works are the Wisdom of the Ancients, History
of Henry VII., Felicities of Queen Elizabeth, &c. Addison
says that he had the sound, distinct, and comprehensive
knowledge of Aristotle, with all the beautiful light graces
of Cicero and Lord Orford, who calls him the prophet
;

of the arts which Newton was afterwards to reveal, pro-

nounces that his genius and his works must be universally
admired as long as science exists.
He died at the Earl of Arundel's, Highgate, April 9,
1626, and was buried in the chapel of St. Michael's
Church, St. Albans, where a monument was erected to
his memory by his indefatigable secretary Sir Thomas
Meauty.
Lord Bacon married, about the year 1605, Alice,
daughter and coheir of Benedict Barham, Esquire, Alder-
man of London, but never had any issue.
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 115

THE LORD TREASVRER, pp. 12, 13.

ARMS. Gu., a bend between six cross crosslets, fitchee,

arg., differenced by a crescent, the mark of cadency of a
second son ;
the shield encircled by a garter, inscribed
with the motto of the order, and ensigned with an earl's
coronet.
The as above described, is the one known to
coat,
"
heralds as Howard Ancient," being without the " Flodden
Augmentation," now borne by the noble house of Howard,
and which the Lord Treasurer was entitled to blazon ;

upon the bend, an escutcheon,

viz., charged with a
or,
demi-lion rampant, pierced through the mouth with an
arrow, within a double tressure flory, counter-flory, gu.,
an augmentation of merit granted by Henry VIII. to
Thomas Howard, second Duke of Norfolk, and his pos-
terity, for his victory at Flodden Field, wherein King
James IV. of Scotland was slain, September 9, I5 I 3-

Thomas Lord Howard, Earl of Suffolk, and Lord High

Treasurer of England, was the eldest son by the second
marriage of the unfortunate Thomas, fourth Duke of Nor-
"
folk, the most powerful and the most popular man in
England," but who, allured by ambition, formed or assented
to the ill-judged project for a matrimonial alliance with
Mary Queen of Scots, then the captive of the implacable
Elizabeth, with the hope of becoming eventually King-
Consort of England a scheme that cost him his life. He
was grandson of the famous Earl of Surrey, his mother
being Margaret, daughter and heir of Thomas, Lord
Audley of Walden.
Lord Howard inherited his mother's estates, and in
27 Elizabeth (1584) was restored in blood by Act of
Parliament. In early life he embraced the military
service, but afterwards abandoned it for the court, and
succeeded in a great measure in obtaining the favour of
1 1 6 A NNO TA TIONS.
Elizabeth. In 1587 he was appointed Vice-Admiral of the
Fleet despatched to Cadiz, and the following year he was
associated with his kinsman, Lord Charles Howard of
Effingham, in the command of the fleet fitted out to
oppose the Spanish Armada ;
and some years later,
October 24, 1597, he was summoned to Parliament as
Lord Howard of Walden. He was fortunate enough to
obtain the favour of King James I., by whom he was much
honoured. On the 3rd May, 1603, immediately after his
accession, James arrived at Theobalds, in Hertfordshire,
the residence of Secretary Cecil, and on the following day
Lord Thomas Howard was sworn a Privy Councillor,
along with his uncle, Lord Henry Howard, and other
noblemen. On the 7th of the same month his majesty
entered London, and was entertained at the Charter
House by Lord Howard for the space of four days. On
the 2 1st July following he was advanced to the earldom
of Suffolk, being the first earl of the king's creation, and
installed a Knight of the Garter; and about the same time
he was appointed Lord Chamberlain. To his vigilance
and sagacity while discharging the duties of this office,
"
the discovery of the " Gunpowder Plot has been mainly
attributed, he having searched the vaults beneath the
house on the day before the meeting of Parliament, and
there discovered Fawkes preparing for the terrible enter-
prise. In 1613 the earl was elected Chancellor of the Uni-
versity of Cambridge, and on the I3th July in the following
year he was constituted Lord High Treasurer of England.
His countess having, unfortunately, gained too great an
ascendancy over him, used it in making him a party to her
extortions on those who had business to transact at the
Treasury charges of embezzlement were in consequence
;

brought against her husband, which resulted in his being

deprived of the office, July 19, 1618 a fine of 30,000 was
;

also inflicted, but which was reduced by the king to 7,000.

His death occurred 28th May, 1626.
The high and lucrative offices enjoyed by the earl afforded
him ample means for the display of magnificence. During
his lifetime he built the stately mansions of Audley End,
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 117

in Essex, and Charlton House, in Wiltshire the former at

;

a cost, asis stated, of;190,000.

The Earl of Suffolk was twice married, his first wife
being Mary, sister of Thomas Lord Dacre, of Gillesland,
who dying without issue, his lordship married, secondly,
Catharine, eldest daughter and coheir of Sir Henry
Knevet, knight, of Chalton, co. Wilts, and widow of the
Hon. Richard Rich, eldest son of Lord Rich, by whom he
had seven sons and three daughters.

THE LORD PRIVY SEALE, pp. 14, 15.

ARMS. Arg. on a fesse, France and England quarterly,

within a bordure componee arg. and az., encircled by a
garter inscribed with the motto of the order and ensigned
with the coronet of an earl. Charles Somerset, first
Earl of Worcester, bore as an abatement a baton sinister,
the mark of illegitimacy, across his quartered arms,
couped by the bordure, but his eldest son, Henry, the
second earl, removed the baton from his shield, and
charged Beaufort upon a fesse on a silver shield, as above
described thus retaining an abatement whilst rejecting
;

the baton.

Edward Somerset, only son of William, third Earl of

Worcester, by his wife Christian, daughter of Edward
Lord North, of Cathladge, and great-grandson of Charles,
the illegitimate son of Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset,
succeeded as fourth earl on the death of his father, Feb-
1 In 1 590 he was sent on a diplomatic mission
ruary 22, 587.
to James VI. of Scotland, to congratulate him upon his
marriage with the Princess Ann
of Denmark, and also
to notify to him that he had been chosen one of the
Companions of the Garter, along with the
Knights
King of France. On the 2 1st April, 1600, he was
Master of the Horse to Queen Elizabeth. The
appointed
same office was conferred upon him after the accession
of King Ja mcs 05th January, 1604), with the payment
ii8 ANNOTATIONS.
of one hundred marks per annum for life, and in the
following year he was named one of the Lords Com-
missioners for exercising the office of Earl-Marshal of
England. He resigned the office of Master of the Horse,
January I, 1615, and the following day was constituted
Lord Privy Seal, of which high office he had a renewed
grant, March 27, 161^, with an annual fee of ^1,500 during
his life. Three years later he was honoured with the
command of his sovereign to sit in the Court of Requests
with the masters the king, as it is recorded,
there,
"
deeming it so great a magistrate should
unfit that
not have a seat of judicature." He married the Lady
Elizabeth,* one of the daughters of Francis, second Earl
of Huntingdon, by Katharine, his wife, daughter and
coheir of Henry Pole, Lord Montagu, and grand-daughter
of Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, which Margaret was
the daughter and sole heir of George Plantagenet, Duke
of Clarence, younger brother of Edward IV. He died at
his house in the Strand, March 3, 1627, and was buried at
Ragland. William, his eldest son, having pre-deceased
him, the honours devolved upon his second son, Henry
Somerset, who succeeded as fourth earl, and was advanced
to the dignity of Marquis of Worcester, November 2, 1642,
his eldest son, Edward, the second marquis, born in 1601,
being famed as the inventor of the steam-engine.
* The
youngest sister of the Lady Elizabeth was the beautiful Lady
Mary Hastings, of whom the following circumstance is related "John
:

Vassilivich, Grand Duke and Emperor of Russia, having a desire to marry an

English lady, was told of the Lady Mary Hastings, who, being of the blood
royal, he began to affect whereupon, making his desire known to Queen
:

Elizabeth, who did well approve thereof, h^ sent over Theodore Pessemskoie,
a nobleman of great account, his ambassador, who, in the name of his master,
offered great advantages to the Queen in the event of the marriage. The
Queen hereupon caused the lady to be attended with divers ladies and young
noblemen, that so the ambassador might have a sight of her, which was
accomplished in York House Garden, near Charing Cross, London. There
was the envoy brought into her presence, and casting down his countenance,
fell prostrate before her ; then rising back, with his face still towards her (the

lady, with the rest, admiring at the strange salutation), he said, by his inter-
it sufficed him to behold the angelic presence of her who, he hoped,
'

preter,
would be his master's spouse and empress.' " The marriage, however, did
not take place, and the lady died unmarried.
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 119

THE LORD ADMIRALL, pp. 16, 17.

ARMS. Gn., a bend between six cross crosslets, fitchee,

arg., differenced by a mullet. The shield encircled by a
garter with the motto of the order inscribed thereon, and
ensigned with an earl's coronet. Excepting the mark of
"
cadency, these arms are identical with those of The
Lord Treasvrer," described on page 115, being "Howard
" "
Ancient," and omitting the Flodden Augmentation
already noticed.

Charles, second Lord Howard of Effingham, Lord High

Admiral of England, was the eldest son of William Lord
Howard, by his second wife, Margaret, daughter of Sir
Thomas Grammage, Knt, and grandson of Thomas, second
Duke of Norfolk, by whom the " Flodden Augmentation "
above alluded to was obtained. Lord Howard was born in
1536, and in early life assumed the profession of arms. In
1569 he distinguished himself in the suppression of the
rebellion headed by the earls of Northumberland and West-
moreland, which had for its object the liberation of the
Scottish queen and the re-establishment of the Roman
Catholic religion in England. On the death of his father,
January 21, 1573, he succeeded to the barony, and on
the 24th April in the following year was installed a
Knight of the Garter. On the 4th July he was made Lord
High Admiral of England, having previously held the
office of Lord Chamberlain, and in this capacity he ren-
dered great service to his country; he commanded the
fleet fitted out to oppose the Spanish Armada in 1588,
and, aided by the winds, succeeded in effecting the total
destruction of that powerful armament. In 1596 he was
joined with the Earl of Essex in the expedition against
Cadiz, and, as a reward for his services in destroying the
Spanish fleet there, was on the 23rd October created Earl
of Nottingham. In August, 1599, he was named Lieu-
tenant-General of England, and in the following year he
1 20 A NNO TA TIONS.
suppressed the insurrection raised by Lord Essex, and
effected the capture of that rash and presumptuous noble-
man. He was present at the death of Queen Elizabeth,
and officiated as Lord High Steward of England at the
coronation of her successor, James I., during the early part
of whose reign he was employed upon several diplomatic
missions of importance.
The earl retired from public life in 1618, and died on the
I4th December, 1624, at the advanced age of eighty-four,
having throughout his long career retained, with unstained
honour, the esteem and confidence of his sovereign and his
countrymen. Fuller, in his quaint manner, thus speaks of
him :

"An hearty gentleman, and cordial to his sovereign, of a most proper

person,
one reason why Queen Elizabeth (who, though she did not value a
jewel by, valued it the more for, a fair case) reflected so much on him. His
service in the 88th is notoriously known, when, at the first news of the Spanish
approach, he towed at a cable with his own hands, to draw out the harbour-
bound ships into the sea. I dare boldly say he drew more, though not by his
person, by his presence and example, than any ten in the place. True it is,
he was no deep seaman, (not to be expected from one of his extraction, ) but
had skill enough to know those who had more skill than himself and to follow
their instructions ; and would not starve the Queen's service by feeding his
own sturdy wilfulness, but was ruled by the experienced in sea matters, the
Queen having a navy of oak and an admiral of osier"

The " Lord Admirall " married, first, Catherine, daughter

of Henry Gary, Lord Hunsdon, by whom he had two sons
and three daughters and secondly, Margaret, daughter of
;

James Stewart, Earl of Murray, by whom he had two sons.

He was succeeded in the earldom by his second but eldest
surviving son, Charles Howard, who died without male
issue, in 1642, when the honours devolved upon his half-
brother.

THE DVKE OF LENOX, pp. 18, 19.

ARMS. Az., three fleurs-de-lys, or (France Modern), on

a bordure,^., semee de fermaux, or. The shield encircled
with garter inscribed with the motto of the order and
ensigned with a ducal coronet.
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 121

Lodowick, son of Esme Stuart, Duke of Lenox in the

peerage of Scotland, and grandson of John Lord d'Au-
bignie, younger brother of Matthew Earl of Lenox, the
grandfather of King James, bore also the titles of Lord
Darnley, Tarbolton, and Methuen, and held the offices of
Lord Great Chamberlain, Admiral of Scotland, and Lord
Steward of the King's Household. On the accession of
James he was sworn of the Privy Council, and bore the
sword before that sovereign on his entry into London,
May 7, 1603. On the 2nd July in the same year he was
installed a Knight of the Garter, and afterwards (October 6,
4th James I.) advanced to the dignity of a baron of the
realm by the title of Lord Settrington of Settrington, in
the county of York, and on the same day created Earl of
Richmond. In 1613, on the marriage of the Princess
Elizabeth with Frederick, the Elector Palatine, he was
appointed one of the commissioners to accompany the
Elector on his return with his bride to the Castle of
Heidelberg, and on the i/th May, 2ist James I., he was
created Earl of Newcastle-upon-Tyne * and Duke of
Richmond. He died suddenly at his lodging at White-
hall, Monday, February 16, 1623, as he was preparing to
go to Parliament then sitting; and on the iQth April his
body was removed with all magnificence from Ely House,
in Holborn, to Westminster, and there interred in Henry
the Seventh's Chapel, in which a stately tomb has been
erected to his memory. The Duke of Lenox married
(first), Sophia, daughter of William Earl of Ruthven, and
sister to the Earl of Gowrie (secondly),
;
sister of Sir
Hugh Campbell and widow of Robert Montgomerie of
Eglintoun and (thirdly), Frances, daughter of Thomas
;

Howard, Viscount Bindon, and widow of Edward Earl

of Hertford, but left no issue by any whereupon his
;

younger brother, Esme Stuart, Lord D'Aubigne, Baron

Clifton, of Leighton-Bromswold, in Lincolnshire, and Earl
of March, became heir.

*
Beatson, in his Political Index, says he was created Earl of Newcastle-
on-Tyne 2nd James, 1604.
I
122 A NNO TA TIONS.

THE MAROVESSE OF BVCKINGHAM, pp. 20, 21.

ARMS. A rg. y
on a cross, gu., five escallops or, a martlet
of the second.

George Villiers, Marquess of Buckingham, the unworthy

favourite of James and his son Charles I., was the
eldest son by the second marriage of Sir George Villiers,
Knight, the representative of an ancient family in Leicester-
shire, and was born August 28, 1592. He completed his
education in France, and returning to England from his
travels when about twenty-one, was introduced to the
court of King James, where his natural accomplishments,
his easy and graceful demeanour, and attractive presence,
soon gained for him the favour of the king, over whom he
eventually acquired entire dominion. In the first week of
January, 1616, he was appointed Master of the Horse; on the
7th July in the same year he was installed a Knight of the
Garter and on Tuesday, the 2/th August following, was
;

created Viscount Villiers and Baron of Whaddon. On Sunday,

the 5th January, in the succeeding year, he was elevated
to the Earldom of Buckingham, on the 4th February he
was sworn a Privy Councillor, and on New Year's day in
the following year advanced to the dignity of Marquess
of Buckingham. On the i8th May, 1623, the King created
him Earl of Coventry and Duke of Buckingham, and he
was afterwards made Chancellor of the University of
Cambridge. He rapidly rose to the highest offices of
the state, was made Chief Justice in Eyre, Warden of the
Cinque Ports, Master of the King's Bench, Steward of
Westminster, Constable of Windsor, and Lord High
Admiral of England. The history of the court at this
period is simply that of Buckingham he became the
:

dispenser of all favours and honours, and conducted

himself with so much pride and arrogance as to excite
popular hatred and disgust. He introduced all his kindred
to the court, had them quartered at Whitehall, and made
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 123

their fortunes by places, pensions, and marriages. In

1623 he accompanied Prince Charles on his romantic
mission to Spain but receiving some slight from the
;

court at Madrid, he resolved to break off the match

with the Infanta, which resulted eventually in a war with
Spain. After the death of James, Buckingham continued
the favourite minister of Charles I., who surrendered him-
self to his pernicious counsels. In 1627, through his insti-
gation, war was declared against France, and in June of
that year a fleet was sent out, of which he took the
command but his measures were so ill-concerted, that he
;

lost two-thirds of his forces. He had now entirely lost

the confidence of the Commons, who prayed the king
to dismiss him, declaring that his inglorious expedition
had tarnished the honour of the nation, annihilated its
commerce, and greatly diminished its navy. He returned
to Portsmouth to refit his shattered armament, but before
he could again set sail, he was assassinated by John
Felton, an Irishman of good family, who had served
under him as lieutenant, and instantly expired, August 23,
1638, to the great grief of the king, who mourned the loss
of his favourite, and the scarcely concealed satisfaction
of the nation, which rejoiced at the deliverance it had
experienced.
By his wife Catharine, daughter of Francis, sixth Earl
of Rutland, who, surviving him, afterwards married Ran-
dolph Macdonald, Earl and Marquess of Antrim, he had
four children Charles, who died an infant George, the
:
;

witty duke, who succeeded him Francis, who fell in the

;

civil wars;
and Mary, afterwards Duchess of Richmond.
1
24 A NNO TA TIONS.

THE LORD CHAMBERLINE, pp. 22, 23.

ARMS. Per pale az. and gu., three lions rampant, two
and one, arg. ; the shield encircled with a garter, inscribed
with the motto of the order, and ensigned with the coronet
of an earl.

William Herbert, third Earl of Pembroke, was the eldest

son of Henry Herbert, the second earl, by his third wife,
Mary,* daughter of Sir Henry Sidney, of Penshurst, in
"
Kent, and sister of Sir Philip Sidney, styled the Incom-
"
parable," whose learning, beauty, chivalry, and grace
shed a lustre on the most glorious reign recorded in the
English annals." William Herbert was born at Wilton
House, the family seat, April 8, J 580, and received his educa-
tion at New College, Oxford. On the 2nd July, 1603, he was
installed a Knight of the Garter in 1615 he was appointed
;

to succeed Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset, who had been

convicted of the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury, in the
office of Lord Chamberlain of the Household and on the ;

23rd December of the same year he was sworn a Privy

Councillor. He took a prominent part in public affairs ;

and when, on the occasion of Buckingham's impeachment

in the Parliament of Charles I., Sir John Eliot and Sir

Dudley Digges were committed to the Tower, he headed

*The Lady Mary Sidney was celebrated for her beauty, intelligence, and
goodness. She was the author of several religious works and poetical pieces,
and translated from the French the Discourse of Life and Death, by Philippe
de Momay. To her, "a principal ornament to the family of the Sidneis,"
Sir Philip Sidney dedicated the celebrated romance of "Arcadia," which he
wrote for her pleasure. She lived to an advanced age, and died, after a
widowhood of twenty years, at her house in Aldersgate Street, London,
September 25, 1621. To her memory Ben Jonson wrote the inscription in
the cathedral of Salisbury so much admired :

" Underneath this marble hearse

Lies the subject of all verse
Sidney's sister, Pembroke's mother.
Death ! ere thou hast slain another,
Fair and wise and good as she,
Time shall throw a dart at thee. "
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 125

the opposition in the House of Lords, at the time holding

four proxies, and in the previous Parliament ten, an accu-
mulation of suffrages in one person that led to an order of
the House, which is now its established regulation, that no
peer can hold more than two proxies.* He died April 10,
1630, and was succeeded by his brother Philip Herbert,
Earl of Montgomery, having no surviving issue by
his countess Mary, eldest daughter of Gilbert Earl of
Shrewsbury.
The Earl of Pembroke was not less distinguished as a
writer than as a statesman he was an accomplished poet
;

and a great patron of learning. To him and his brother

" "
Philip, Earle of Mountgomerie," the moste honorable
and woerthie brothers," " patrons of learning and cheualrie,"
Otho van Veen, in 1608, dedicated his Armorum Em-
blcinata.
- In 1626 he was elected Chancellor of the University of
Oxford, of which, in his lifetime, he was a liberal benefactor,
and to which, at his death, he bequeathed a valuable col-
lection of manuscripts.

THE EARLE OF ARVNDELL, pp. 24, 25.

ARMS. Howard Ancient ://., a bend between six crosses

with a garter
crosslet, fitchee, arg. ; the shield encircled
bearing the motto of the order, and ensigned with an earl's
coronet.

Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, the only son of Philip

Earl of Arundel, by Ann, daughter of Thomas, and sister
and coheir to George, Lord Dacre of Gillesland, was born
July 17, 1592. Earl Philip, a zealous Roman Catholic,
having been attainted, was committed to the Tower, and
died a prisoner there in 1595, his son being deprived by
the attainder of the honours and the greater part of the
estates of the family, though styled by courtesy, during

* Lords'
Journals, p. 507.
1 26 A NNO TA TIONS.
the remaining part of Elizabeth's reign, Lord Maltravers.
The accession of King James opened fairer prospects to
the Howard family, and in the first year of that king's reign
he was restored by Act of Parliament to the title of Earl
of Aruridel, and to all honours dependent upon it, though
not to all the possessions and also to the honour, dignity,
;

and state of Earl of Surrey, and to such dignity and baronies

as Thomas Duke of Norfolk, his grandfather, forfeited
through his attachment to the ill-fated mother of James,
Mary Queen of Scots. His health failing, he resolved to
travel, and in 1609 passed through France into Italy, re-
turning 1611 on the I3th May, in which year he was
in
installed a Knight of the Garter. In 1613 he was appointed
one of the embassy to accompany the Princess Elizabeth,
married to the Elector Palatine, into Germany. Thence
he travelled again into Italy, where he cultivated a taste
for architecture, sculpture, and antiquities, and returned to
England in November, 1614 ;
after which he was sworn
of the Privy Council, named one of the six commissioners
of the office of Earl-Marshal, and in 1621 appointed here-
ditary Earl-Marshal of England, an office that is still held
by his descendants, the Dukes of Norfolk. Having about
this time given offence to Lord Spencer in the House of
Lords,* and refusing to give satisfaction when so enjoined,
he was committed to the Tower, and there kept a prisoner
until willing to make submission. Shortly after the acces-
sion of Charles I. he was again committed to the Tower,
the reason assigned being that his heir, the Lord Mal-
travers, had married the Lady Elizabeth Stuart, eldest
daughter of Esme, Duke of Lenox, without the king's
knowledge and consent. His release was effected through
the instrumentality of Dr. Williams, Bishop of Lincoln, and
he was shortly afterwards again admitted to court, where

* The Lord of Wormleighton, in addressing the House,

Spencer having
made allusion to some act committed by their great ancestors, which
gave
umbrage to the earl, he
said, "My lord, when these things you speak of
were doing, your ancestors were keeping sheep"; to which Lord Spencer
" When
rejoined :
my ancestors, as you say, were keeping sheep, your
ancestors were plotting treason."
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 127

he so far recovered the king's favour, that in 1631 he was

sent on a mission into Holland to condole with the Queen
of Bohemia on the death of her husband, and at the same
time appointed Ambassador to the States-General. In
1633 he was ordered to attend the king in his journey to
Scotland, and three years later was sent on a diplomatic
mission to the emperor Ferdinand III. In 1638 he was
appointed general of the army raised against the Scots ;

afterwards he was made Lord Steward of the King's

Household, and in 1640, upon the advance of the Scots
into England, was named General of the South of the
Trent. Upon the trial of the Earl of Strafford in 1641,
he sat as Lord High Steward .of England. Shortly
afterwards he resigned the office of Lord Steward of the
King's Household, and in September, 1641, he accom-
panied the queen-mother, who was constrained to leave
the country in consequence of the unhappy difficulties
arising between Charles and his Parliament, but he returned
shortly afterwards. In February of the following year
he left England for the last time, attending the Princess
of Orange into Holland. Thence he visited Antwerp,
afterwards he journeyed into France, and finally passed
into Italy, where he spent the remainder of his life. He
died at Padua, September 14, 1646, having some two years
before, June 6, 1644, been elevated to the Earldom of
Norfolk.
The Earl is described as of a stately presence and a
great master of order and ceremony, more learned in men
and manners than in books, yet understanding the Latin
tongue, as well as being master of the Italian. Walker
"
says, he was in religion no bigot nor puritan and pro- ;

fessed most to affect moral virtues than nice questions

and controversies."* He was a great patron of the arts,
especially of sculpture and painting, and spent large sums
in the collection of such works, employing many persons in
Italy, Greece, and other parts of Europe where curiosities
could be obtained. At his death the unrivalled collection

* Sir Edward Walker's " Historical Discourses," ed. 1705.

128 ANNOTATIONS.
of antiquities he had formed was divided, and in 1688,
Henry, sixth Duke of Norfolk, presented the University
of Oxford with a considerable portion of his moiety,
including the celebrated Parian Chronicle, which, with
other ancient inscribed stones accompanying it, are termed
the Arundelian Marbles.
Lord Arundel married, in 1606, the Lady Athelia
Talbot, third daughter, and eventually sole heir, of Gilbert
Earl of Shrewsbury, and was succeeded in the honours by
hissecond son, Henry Frederick, his eldest son, James
Lord Mowbray and Maltravers, having predeceased him.

THE EARLE OF SOVTH-HAMPTON, pp. 26, 27.

ARMS. Az., a cross or, between four hawks, closed, arg.*

encircled with a garter bearing the motto of the order, and
ensigned with the coronet of an earl.

Henry Wriothesley, third Earl of Southampton, only

son of Henry, the second earl, by Mary, daughter of
Anthony Viscount Montagu, and grandson of Thomas
Wriothesley, Lord Chancellor of England in the time of
Henry VIII., was born in 1573, and succeeded to the title
on the death of his father, 23 Elizabeth (1580-81). In
1596 he accompanied his friend, the Earl of Essex, in
the expedition against Spain, and contributed to the
capture of Cadiz. Afterwards he returned to Ireland,
and joining in the insurrection headed by Essex, he was
arraigned at Westminster, and with the earl, February 19,
1600, found guilty, and committed to the Tower, where he
-

remained a close prisoner until the accession of James I.,

when he obtained his release. On the 2nd July, 1603, he
was installed a Knight of the Garter, and on the 2ist of
the same month received a new patent for the title and
dignity of Earl of Southampton, with like rights and pri-
* This coat is almost identical with that of the
College of Arms or Heralds'
College, London, derived from Wriothesley, one of the early Garters.
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 129

vileges as he formerly enjoyed. In 1613 the earl enter-

tainedKing James; in March, 1616, he was one of the
noblemen appointed to attend the king with the queen and
Prince Charles in their journey from Whitehall to Edin-
burgh and on Friday, the 3Oth April, 1613, he was sworn
;

of the Privy Council. In 1624 he accompanied the expe-

dition to Holland to assist the Prince Maurice of Orange,
and died at Bergen-op-zoom in November of the same
year, having had issue by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of
John Vernon, of Hodnet, in the county of Salop, John,
who died in the Netherlands in the lifetime of his father ;

Thomas, who succeeded and three daughters, Penelope,

;

married to William Lord Spencer, of Wormleighton ;

Ann, married to Robert Wallop, of Farley, Esq. and ;

Elizabeth, married to Sir Thomas Estcourt, Knt, a Master

in Chancery.
The
Earl of Southampton was scarcely less distinguished
as a patron of letters than for his political talent. He is
now chiefly remembered as the friend of Shakespeare, who
"
dedicated to him the first heir of his invention," the
Venus and Adonis, and TJie Rape of Lticrece.

THE EARLE OF HERTFORD, pp. 28, 29.

ARMS. Or, on a pile,^., between six fleurs-de-lys, az.,

three lions of England being the coat of augmentation
granted by King Henry VIII. on his marriage with Lady
Jane Seymour; the shield ensigned with an earl's coronet.

Edward Seymour, by whom these arms were borne, was

the eldest son, by the second marriage, of Edward Seymour,
Duke of Somerset, who as Protector grasped the sceptre
of unlimited authority, and swayed it with all the attri-
butes of royalty during the two years of the minority of
King Edward VI. His mother was Ann, daughter of Sir
Edward Stanhope, of Sudbury, in the county of Suffolk,
K
130 A NNO TA TIONS.
Knt, by Elizabeth his wife, great-granddaughter of William
Bouchier, Earl of Ewe, in Normandy, by Ann his wife,
daughter and eventually sole heir of Thomas of Wood-
stock, Duke of Gloucester, youngest son of Edward III.
The Protector Somerset having been charged with treason-
able designs against the lives of some of the Privy Coun-
cillors, was brought to the block January 22, 1552. Being
attainted, the titles which, according to the special limita-
tion of the patents of creation, devolved upon the issue by
his second marriage, of course became forfeited, together
with lands of great annual value. Thus deprived of all his
titles and of the great part of his inheritance, the youthful
Edward Seymour continued in a disconsolate condition
until the first year of Queen Elizabeth, when, before her
coronation, that sovereign created him Baron Beauchamp
of Hacche and Earl of Hertford and, doubtless, he would
;

have been restored to the dukedom of Somerset, had he

not incurred the queen's displeasure by marrying the Lady
Catharine Grey, daughter and heir of Henry Duke of
Suffolk, the sister of the amiable and unfortunate Lady
Jane Grey, and the granddaughter maternally of Charles
Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, by Mary, Queen Dowager of
France, sister of King Henry VIII. Upon the discovery
of her pregnancy in 1563, both were committed to the
Tower, where the countess died a prisoner in 1567, after
giving birth to two sons, Edward, who died in childhood,
and Edward Lord Beauchamp, who in the 6th James L,
1608-9, obtained letters patent for the enjoyment of the
title of Earl of Hertford. The earl was detained a prisoner
in the Tower for nine years, and fined by the Star Chamber
; 1
5,000 for having vitiated a maid of the royal blood.
The validity of his marriage with the Lady Catharine Grey
was afterwards tried and established at common law.
After his enlargement, the earl only once acted in a public
capacity, the occasion being in 1605, when, on the iQth
April, he was sent as ambassador to the Archduke of
Austria, to ratify and conclude a peace, the preliminaries
of which had been previously settled, and in which mission
he was accompanied by two barons, sixteen knights, and
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 131

many gentlemen of quality, his retinue numbering three

hundred persons, most of them being his own servants, in
very rich liveries. The earl, who lived to an advanced age,
died in 1621, and was succeeded by his grandson, Sir William
Seymour, second son of Edward Lord Beauchamp.

THE EARLE OF ESSEX, pp. 30, 31.

ARMS. Arg., a fesse, gu., in chief three torteaux, the

shield ensigned with an earl's coronet.

Robert, third Earl of Essex, was the only son of Robert

Devereux, second earl, the distinguished but unfortunate
favourite of Queen Elizabeth, by Frances, daughter and
heir of Sir Francis Walsingham, Elizabeth's Secretary of
State, and the widow of the gallant, the amiable, and
accomplished Sir Philip Sidney. He was born in 1592,
entered at Merton College, Oxford, in his tenth year, and
restored to the family honours by James I. in 1603, two
years after his father's decapitation. In 1620 he served
under Sir Horace Vere in the expedition sent to the
assistance of Frederick, the Elector Palatine afterwards
;

he was with Prince Maurice in Holland, and subsequently

held several military commands. As already stated (p. 91),
he was named among " the Illustrious & Heroyicall
" "
Princes," to whose Eternall Memorie the twenty-four
leaves of Honour in its Perfection were, in 1624, dedicated.
In May, 1638, he was installed a Knight of the Garter, and
remained attached to the royal cause until the breaking
out of the civil war, when he joined the popular party, and
in July, 1642, accepted a general's commission, and a
command in the Parliamentary army. He defeated the
king's forces at Edge Hill, the first place in which the two
armies were put in array against each other, October 23,
1642 subsequently he took Reading, raised the siege of
;

Gloucester, and fought in the first battle of Newbury, but

in 1645 was deprived of his command by the "self-denying
132 ANNOTATIONS.
ordinance," under which all members of Parliament were
excluded from civil and military employment. He died
at Essex House, in the Strand, a mansion bequeathed to
his by Dudley Earl of Leicester, September 14,
father
1646, and was buried with national obsequies in West-
minster Abbey, the two Houses of Parliament attending
his funeral.
At the age of fourteen the earl was betrothed to the Lady
Frances, daughter of Thomas Howard, Earl of Suffolk but ;

from this lady, who afterwards became notorious as the

wife of Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset, he obtained a divorce,
and married, secondly, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William
Powlett, of Eddington, in Wiltshire, by whom he had an
only son, who died in infancy and hence the earldom of
;

Ewe and Essex expired, the barony of Ferrers fell into

abeyance, and the viscounty of Hereford devolved upon his
kinsman Sir Walter Devereux.

THE EARLE OF DORSET, pp. 32, 33.

ARMS. Quarterly or, and gu. ; over all, a bend, vair. ;

the shield ensigned with the coronet of an earl.

This representative of the ancient and very distinguished

family of Sackville, Richard, third Earl of Dorset, was the
second son (his elder brother, Thomas, having died un-
married in 1586) of Robert, the second earl, by Margaret,
daughter of Thomas Duke of Norfolk, beheaded in 1572, and
the grandson of Thomas Sackville, the famous Lord Buck-
hurst, and first Earl of Dorset,* who succeeded Burleigh
as Lord Treasurer of England, and died whilst sitting at

* was no less famous as a man of letters than as a

Thomas, the first earl,

statesman. He celebrated as the author of the earliest English tragedy in

is

blank verse, Gorbodtic, which has been praised by Sidney for its "notable
moralitie," and is believed to have given rise to the Faiiy Queen; he also
wrote The Induction to a Mirroitr for Magistrates, one of the noblest poems
in the language, and Tke Complaint of Henry Duke of Buckingham, &c.
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 133

the council-table, April 19, 1608, at the age of eighty-two.

Richard Sackville, who was born in 1589, succeeded to the
earldom on the death of his father, who had enjoyed the
family honours only a few months, February 23, 1609,
being then twenty years of age ; and two days afterwards,
February 25th, married the Lady Ann Clifford,* sole
daughter and heir to George Earl of Cumberland, and
nearly related to the royal family of England by the mar-
riage of her grandfather with the niece of Henry VIII.
He rebuilt the chapel at Withiham, the burial-place of his
progenitors but, having wasted a large portion of his patri-
;

mony, he eventually parted with the stately mansion of

Knole,f which his grandfather, the Lord Treasurer, had
had bestowed upon him by his royal mistress. He died at
Dorset House, Fleet-street, London, on the 28th March,
1624, in the thirty-fifth year of his age, and was buried at
Withiham, having had issue Thomas, who died in infancy,
and two daughters, Margaret, married to John Earl of
Thanet, and Isabella, married to James Earl of North-
ampton. Having no surviving male issue, he was succeeded
in the title by his younger brother, Sir Edward Sackville.

*
This celebrated lady, who married as her second husband Philip Herbert,
Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery, possessed considerable literary ability,
but was chiefly distinguished by her high spirit, and a career of munifi-
cence, hospitality, and usefulness, that has thrown much veneration round
her memory. She restored the castles of Skipton, Brougham, Appleby, and
Pendragon, and was as diligent in repairing the churches as the fortified
mansions of her ancestors. After the death of her mother, whose memory
she greatly revered, she caused a pillar, bearing a suitable inscription, to be
erected on the road between Appleby and Penrith, the spot where they had
held their last interview :
"That modest stone which pious Pembroke rear'd,
Which still records beyond the pencil's power
The silent sorrow of a parting hour." Pleasures of Memory.
Her high spirit was characteristically displayed in the reply she gave to
\\illiamson, Secretary of State to Charles II., who wished to nominate a
member of Parliament for her borough of Appleby : " I have been bullied
by a usurper, I have been neglected by a court, but I will not be dictated to
by a subject your man sha'n't stand." She died on the 22nd March, 1676,
:

in the eighty-eighth year of her age, and was buried, by her express desire, by
the side of her mother in the church of Appleby.
t The mansion, with the demesne of Knole, was repurchased by Richard, the
fifth Earl of Dorset, and it has ever since continued in this illustrious family.
1 34 A NNO TA TIONS.

THE EARLE OF MOVNTGOMERY, pp. 34, 35.

ARMS. Per pale, as. and gu., three lions, rampant, arg.,
differenced by a crescent, the mark of cadency of a second
son the shield encircled by a garter inscribed with the
;

motto of the order, and ensigned with an earl's coronet.

"
Philip Herbert, Earl of Montgomery, the memorable
simpleton," as Walpole styles him, who dimmed the lustre
of an honoured name by his cowardice, arrogance, and
folly, was the younger brother of William, third Earl of
Pembroke, to whom, as Lord Chamberlain, reference has
already been made, and second son of Henry, the second
earl, by Mary, second daughter of Sir Henry Sidney, Knt.
On the 4th May, 1605, he was created by James I. Baron
Herbert of Shurland, in the Isle of Sheppy, and Earl of
Montgomery, and on the 2Oth May, 1608, was installed a
Knight of the Garter, being at the same time one of the
gentlemen of the chamber to the king. He held the office
of Lord Chamberlain of the Household to Charles I., and
became Chancellor of the University of Oxford, though
he was so illiterate that he could scarcely write his own
name.* On the death of his elder brother without sur-
viving issue, April 10, 1630, he succeeded to the earldom
of Pembroke, which had been conferred on his grand-
father, William Herbert, who married Ann, sister to
Queen Katherine Parr, the last wife of Henry VIII.
During his lifetime, Charles I. was a frequent visitor
at Wilton House, the stately residence of the Pembroke
"
family. Aubrey says the king did love Wilton above
all places, and came there every summer. It was he
that did put Philip, first [fourth ?] Earle of Pembroke,
upon making the magnificent garden and grotto, and to
build that side of the house that fronts the garden, with
two stately pavilions at each end." He is described as a
nobleman profligate in his private habits and unprincipled
* At/ittiiE
Oxon., vol. i.
p. 546.
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 135

in public life, but withal a patron of learning as already ;

stated, he was one of the two " moste honorable and

woerthie brothers," " patrons of learning and cheualrie,"
to whom Otho van Veen dedicated his Amorvm Emble-
inata ; and to him and his brother, Earl William, " the most
noble and incomparable pair of brothers," Heminge and
Condell inscribed the first folio edition of Shakspeare's
plays. His death occurred January 23, 1650.
The Earl of Montgomery was twice married first, in ;

1604,* to Susan, youngest daughter and eventually coheir

to Edward Vere, Earl of Oxford, the courtier poet of Eliza-
beth's time, by whom he had issue Charles, who married
in 1634 the Lady Mary Viliiers, only daughter of George
Duke of Buckingham, but died in a few weeks afterwards
without cohabitation Philip, who succeeded as fifth Earl
;

of Pembroke William and John, who both died issueless

; ;

James, married to Jane, daughter of Sir Robert Spiller,

Knt, of Laleham, in Middlesex and a daughter, Ann-
;

Sophia, married to Robert Dormer, Earl of Carnarvon.

He married, secondly, the celebrated Lady Ann Clifford,
Duchess Dowager of Dorset, of whom mention has already
been made an union that caused that lady much sorrow
and anxiety but by her had no issue.
*
The marriage was celebrated with great pomp at Whitehall, the king giving
away the bride. Sir Dudley Carleton, in a letter to Mr. Winwood, gives a
description of the entertainment, which is interesting as illustrating the manners
of the times : "There was," he says, "no small loss that night of chains and
jewels, and many great ladies were made shorter by the skirts, and were very
well served that they could keep cut no better. The presents of plate and
other things given by the noblemen were valued at ^2,500; but that which
made it a good marriage was a gift of the king's, of .500 land for the bride's
jointure. They were lodged in the Council Chamber, where the king, in his
shirt and nightgown, gave them a reveille-matin before they were up, and spent
a good time in or upon the bed : chuse which you will believe. No ceremony
was omitted of bridecakes, points, garters, and gloves, which have been ever
since the livery of the court ; and at night there was sewing into the sheet,
casting off the bride's left hose, and many other pretty sorceries." Win.
A fan., vol. ii. p. 43.
136 A NNO TA TIONS.

THE LORD VISCOVNT LISLE, pp. 36, 37.

ARMS. Or, a pheon, az. The shield encircled by a

garter inscribed with the motto of the order and ensigned
with the coronet of a viscount.

Sir Robert Sidney, Baron Sidney of Penshurst, and

Viscount L'Isle, the representative of a family which con-
tributed in no small degree to make the reign of Elizabeth
the glory of all time, was the second son of Sir Henry
Sidney, of Penshurst, a learned and accomplished knight,
in whose arms the youthful King Edward VI. expired,
by Mary, daughter of "the great and miserable" John
Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, sister to Robert
Dudley, Earl of Leicester, and the younger brother of
Sir Philip Sidney, the eloquent poet, the able statesman
and noble soldier, the " darling of his time," the " chiefest
"
jewel of a crown," the diamond of the court of Queen
Elizabeth." Sir Robert Sidney served under his uncle,
the Earl of Leicester, in the Netherlands, and in 1597-8,
being joined by Sir Frances Vere in the command of the
English auxiliaries sent against the Spaniards, he shared
in the honour of the victory gained at Turnhoult, in
Brabant. He held the office of Lord Chamberlain to
Queen Elizabeth, and on the accession of King James, was
constituted Governor of Flushing. On the I3th May, in
the first year of that king's reign, he was made a baron of
the realm by the title of Lord Sidney of Penshurst, in the
county of Kent, and on the 4th May, 1605, was created
Viscount L'Isle. In April, 1613, he was named one of
the principal commissioners to accompany the Princess
Elizabeth, then lately married, and her husband, Frederick,
the Elector Palatine, to Germany on the 7th July, 1616,
;

he was installed a Knight of the Garter, and on the

2nd August, 1618, was advanced to the dignity of Earl
of Leicester. He died July 13, 1626, and was buried at
Penshurst, having been twice married first to Barbara,
;
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 137

daughter and heir of John Gammage, Esq., by whom he

had three sons, Sir William, who died unmarried Henry,
;

who died young and Robert, his heir

; ;
and secondly,
to the widow of Sir Thomas Smith, Knight.
His youngest and only surviving son, Robert Sidney, who
succeeded as second Earl of Leicester, was the father of
Algernon Sidney, whose name is scarcely less renowned
inhistory than that of his great uncle Sir Philip, and who,
through the iniquitous Jeffreys, was implicated in the
Rye-House Plot, and illegally put to death in 1683.

THE LORD VISCOVNT WALLINGFORD,

PP- 38, 39-

ARMS. Az., a cross recercele voided, semee of cross

crosslets, or ; the shield encircled by a garter inscribed
with the motto of the order, and ensigned with the
coronet of a viscount.

William Knollys, Viscount Wallingford, the " noble

Sir
"
personage to whom these arms belonged, was the second
but eldest surviving son of Sir Francis Knollys, K.G.,
an eminent lawyer of Elizabeth's reign, descended from
the renowned Sir Robert Knollys, K.G., the gallant com-
panion in arms of Edward the Black Prince, his mother
being Catharine, daughter of William Gary, Esquire, by
Mary, sister of the unfortunate Queen Ann Boleyn. He
was born in 1 544, and shortly after the accession of King
James (Friday, May 20, 1603), was created a baron of the
realm by the title of Lord Knollys of Grays.
In the twelfth year of that king's reign he was made
Master of the Court of Wards, and subsequently installed
a Knight of the Garter; on the 7th November, 1616, he
was raised to the dignity of a viscount by the title of
Viscount Wallingford, and on the I4th of the same month
he was named Lord Treasurer of the King's Household.
After the death of James, Lord Wallingford continued in
138 A NNO TA TIONS.
favour at court, and on the i8th August, 2 Charles I.
(1626), was elevated to the earldom of Banbury, with
precedence of all earls created before him. He died on
the 25th May, 1632, in the 88th year of his age, and was
buried at the church of Grays, in Oxfordshire.
The earl married, first, Dorothy, widow of Edmund
Lord Chandos, and sister of John Lord Bray, who bore
him no issue; and, secondly, January 19, 1605, Elizabeth,
eldest daughter of Thomas, first Earl of Suffolk, who
surviving him, became the wife of Edward, fourth Lord
Vaux of Harrowden. This lady had two sons born
during the lifetime of the earl viz., Edward, born 1627,
;

aged five years, one month, and fifteen days, at the earl's
decease, who was slain in a quarrel in France, leaving no
issue; and Nicholas, born January, 1630, who died I4th
March, 1673-4, having sat as Earl of Banbury in the
Convention Parliament though his claim to the family
;

honours was disputed on the ground of illegitimacy, the

belief being that he was a son of Lord Vaux, whom his
mother afterwards married, rather than of the Earl of
Banbury, who must have been eighty-four years of age at
the time of his birth.

THE BISHOP OF LONDON, pp. 40, 41.

ARMS. Gu., two swords, in saltire, arg., pommels or ;

the arms of the see of London, ensigned with a mitre.

John King, Bishop of London, an eminent preacher at

court in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I., was born
at Wornal, in Buckinghamshire, 1559. He received his
education at Westminster, and after completing his aca-
demical career at Christ Church, Oxford, was appointed
chaplain to Queen Elizabeth. In 1590 he was named
Archdeacon of Nottingham, and in 1605 preferred to the
deanery of Christ Church, and made Vice- Chancellor of
the University of Oxford. Afterwards he was .removed
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 139

to the see of London, and consecrated bishop on Sunday,

September 11, 1611. He is said to have been a great
master of his tongue and his pen. King James styled him
"
the king of preachers," and Lord Chief Justice Coke de-
clared that " he was the best speaker in the Star Chamber
of his time." He died March 30, 1621, and was buried
under a plain stone in St. Paul's, on which was inscribed
"
only the word Resurgani" It has been alleged that he
died in the communion of the Church of Rome, but the
calumny has been amply refuted.
Bishop King had _a son Henry, born at Wornal, 1591,
who became chaplain to James I., and in 1641 was conse-
crated Bishop of Chichester. Like his father, he was a
celebrated preacher, and wrote a metrical version of the
Book of Psalms, and was the author of several poems,
sermons, and letters. Another son of the Bishop of London
was John King, born in 1596, who was successively Orator
of Oxford University, Prebendary of St. Paul's, and Canon
of Windsor.

THE BISHOP OF WINCHESTER, pp. 42, 43.

ARMS. Gn.,two keys, addorsed, in bend, the uppermost

arg. the other
t or, a sword interposed between them, in
bend sinister, of the second, hilt and pommel gold the ;

arms of the see of Winchester impaling, arg., three lozenges

conjoined, in fesse, gu., within a bordure, sa., differenced
by an annulet, for Montagu the shield ensigned with a
;

bishop's mitre.

James Montagu, Bishop of Winchester, who bore the

armorial insignia above described, was one of the six sons
of Sir Edward Montagu, Knt, by Elizabeth, daughter of
Sir James Harington, of Exton, in Rutlandshire, and grand-
son of Sir Edward Montagu, the distinguished lawyer, and
Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench in Henry VIII. 's
reign, the common ancestor of the ducal house of Man-
chester, of the dukes of Montagu and the earls of Halifax,
1
40 A NNO TA TIONS.
now extinct. The prelate was born in 1538, and received
his education at Christ's Church College, Cambridge, and
afterwards became Master of Sydney College, in the same
University. On the accession of King James he was named
Dean of the Chapel Royal, an appointment that had been
vacant during the last eight years of Elizabeth's reign.
On the 1 7th April, 1607, he was consecrated Bishop of
Bath and Wells in October, 1616, he was translated to
;

Winchester, and on Michaelmas-day, 1617, sworn a Privy

Councillor at Hampton Court. Dr. Montagu presided
over the see of Winchester only for a short period, his
death occurring July 20, 1618, in the eightieth year of his
age. His remains were conveyed to Bath and there interred
in the abbey church, which
during his episcopate had been
restored at his own expense.

THE BISHOP OF ELY, pp. 44, 45. .

ARMS. Gu., three ducal crowns, two and one, or ; the

arms of the see of Ely, ensigned with a bishop's mitre.

Launcelot Andrews, who presided over the see of Ely

at the time the Mirronr of Maiestie appeared, was born
in the city of London in 1555. From his youth he was
remarkable for diligence in his studies and sobriety in his
demeanour. He began his academical career at Pembroke
Hall, Cambridge, was elected fellow in 1576, and master
in 1589. He entered upon the ministry in 1580, and soon
became one of the most distinguished preachers of the age.
St. Giles's and St. Paul's were long the scene of his labours

during the reign of Elizabeth, who made him one of her

chaplains, and in. 1597 appointed him Prebendary, and in
1 60 1 Dean of Windsor. Dr. Andrews continued in high
favour with James I., who admired him beyond all other
divines, and in 1605 nominated him Bishop of Ely and Lord
Almoner. In 1609 he was translated to the see of Ely on ;

Michaelmas-day, 1616, he was sworn of the Privy Council ;

 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 141

and on the death of Bishop Montagu was translated to the

1'

see of Winchester, the conge d'ttire to the dean and chapter

bearing date December 3, 1618.
In learning Andrews ranked next to Usher his lin- ;

guistic acquirements were vast, including Hebrew, Chaldee,

Syriac, and Arabic, in addition to five modern languages.
"
The world," said Fuller, " wanted learning to know how
learned this man was." He
was included in the commission
appointed to translate the Bible, and with nine others
was assigned the Pentateuch and historical books, com-
mencing with Joshua and ending with Kings; he also wrote
a Manual of Private Devotions and other works, and was
employed by King James to answer Cardinal Bellarmine's
attack upon that monarch's Defence of the Rights of Kings.
Andrews belonged to what is known as the High Church
party, his views being much in accordance with those of
"
Laud, who called him the light of the Christian world."
In Elizabeth's reign he caused scandal by preaching at
court " that contrition, without confession and absolution
and deeds worthy of repentance, was not sufficient ; that
the ministers had the two keys of power and knowledge
delivered unto them that whose sins soever they remitted
;

upon earth should be remitted in heaven." * His learning

was extolled by some of the greatest European scholars,
his oratory was irresistibly fascinating, and his moral
character was worthy of his fame and office. Of his per-
sonal piety no second opinion can be entertained through :

life he exercised the charity and hospitality of a Christian

bishop, and at his death, which occurred in 1626, he left

all his means for the promotion of works of piety and
benevolence.

*
Sidney Letters, vol. ii.
192.
142 ANNO TA TIONS.

THE LORD ZOVCH, pp. 46, 47.

ARMS. Gu., ten bezants, or, a canton, ermine*

Edward, son and heir of George, tenth Lord Zouch of

Haryngworth, by Margaret, daughter and coheir of Wil-
liam Welby, of Molton, in Lincolnshire, succeeded as
eleventh lord on the death of his father in 1569, being then
"
in his minority. He was a " personage of considerable note
in the reign of Elizabeth, and not less so in that of her
successor, James I. In 1587 he was one of the peers who
sat in judgment upon the ill-fated Queen of Scots, and was
afterwards sent on a diplomatic mission to Scotland to
palliate the act. On the loth June, 1 598, he was dispatched
to Copenhagen to present the congratulations of the Queen
of England to Christian IV., King of Denmark, on the
occasion of his marriage with the daughter of the Marquess
of Brandenbourg, and in 1601-2 was appointed Lord Presi-
dent of Wales. On the accession of King James, he was
continued in his office of Lord President, and on the nth
May, 1603, along with Lord Burghley, was sworn a Privy
Councillor at the Charter house, and shortly afterwards
was constituted Constable of Dover Castle and Warden of
the Cinque Ports for life, during which time Sir Edward
Nicholas, afterwards so celebrated, was his secretary.
Lord Zouch was the friend of Sir Henry Wotton, the
famous diplomatist and political writer, and is said to have
been intimately acquainted with Ben Jonson, the dramatist,
concerning whom the following circumstance is related in
"
Bridges' History of Northamptonshire : That eastward
from the church of Haryngworth, and contiguous to the
old manor-house, are large ruins of the outward walls of a
chapel, and against the south wall are the remains of the
monument of George Lord Zouch, who died in 1569. At
the bottom of the north wall is a small hole communicating
with the cellar of the house, which, according to tradition,
*
In the Mirrour eleven bezants are depicted.
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 143

gave occasion to the following lines of the facetious Ben

Jonson :

'
Whenever I die, let this he my fate,
To lye by my good lord Zouche ;

That when I am dry, to the tap I may hye,

And so back again to my couch.' "

Lord Zouch married Eleanor, daughter of Sir John Zouch,

of Codnor, and, surviving her, had for his second wife Sarah,
daughter of Sir James Harington, of Exton, the sister of
Elizabeth, wife of Sir Edward Montagu, and widow, first,
of Francis Lord Hastings, and, secondly, of Sir George
Kingsmill. His lordship died in 1625, leaving two daughters
his coheirs viz., Elizabeth, married to William Tate, of
;

De la Pre, in Northamptonshire, and Mary, wife of Thomas

Leighton, Esq. but, having no surviving male issue, the
;

barony fell into abeyance, and so remained until 1807,

when Sir Cecil Bisshopp preferred a claim to the ancient
dignity in right of his mother, descended from Elizabeth,
the eldest of the two coheirs of Lord Zouch, and having
made good his descent, had summons to Parliament.

THE LORD WINDSOR, pp. 48, 49.

ARMS. Gu., a saltire, arg., between sixteen cross-

crosslets, or*

Thomas, sixth Lord Windsor, the last of that surname

who enjoyed the title, was the son of Henry, the fifth
lord, a nobleman of great qualifications and virtues, by
Ann, daughter and coheir of Sir Thomas Revet, of Chip-
penham, in Kent, Knt On the death of his father, in
1605, Lord Thomas succeeded to the family honours, and
on the 4th June, 1610, on the occasion of the creation of
Henry Prince of Wales, was made a Knight of the Bath,
along with twenty-four other lords and gentlemen. In
1623 he was appointed Rear- Admiral of the fleet dis-
* In the
Mirrovr, only thirteen cross-crosslets are blazoned upon the shield.
144 ANNOTATIONS.
patched to Spain for the purpose of bringing home Prince
Charles, after his romantic mission with Buckingham to
the court of Madrid; on which occasion he entertained the
grandees of that court with sumptuous prodigality. Nothing
could exceed the splendour of his equipage in this mission,
the cost of which, it is said, exceeded ,15,000, the whole
"
of which he personally bore, being of a most free and
generous spirit."* Waller has alluded to the reception
given the Spaniards by the fleet in a juvenile poem, re-
markable to the curious in poetical anecdote, as having
been written only twenty-five years after the death of
Spenser :

" Now had his Highness bid farewell to Spain,

And reached the sphere of his own power, the main ;

With British bounty in his ship he feasts

The Hesperian princes, his amazedguests,
To find that watery wilderness exceed
The entertainments of their great Madrid, "f

Lord Windsor, who is described as a nobleman of learn-

ing and accomplishments, with a taste for antiquities, which
he carefully cultivated, married Catharine, daughter of
Edward Earl of Worcester, but left no issue. He died in
1642, having bequeathed his whole estate, by special deed,
dated December, 1641, to his nephew, Thomas Windsor
Hickman, son of Dixie Hickman, Esq., by Elizabeth, his
lordship's sister.

THE LORD WENTWORTH, pp. 50, 5*14

ARMS. Sa., a chevron between three leopards' faces,

or, a crescent for difference.

Sir Thomas Wentworth, the great and unfortunate Earl

*
Banks, vol. ii. p. 612. f Fenton's Waller, Notes, p. 4.
worthy of remark that Sir Thomas Wentworth is here styled "The
It is
Lord Wentworth," though he was not created a baron the lowest rank in
the British peerage until 1628, ten years after the Mirrour was published;
and it is further curious that in the shield assigned him, the badge or distinctive
ensign of a baronet, which he was then entitled to bear, is omitted.
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 145

of Stratford, was the eldest son of Sir William Wentworth,

of Wentworth-Wood house, in Yorkshire, the representative
of a family founded by Reginald de Wintenvade, whose
name occurs in Doomsday Book. He was born in Chan-
cery Lane, London, April 13, 1593, and educated at St.
John's College, Cambridge having travelled over the Con-
;

tinent, he returned to England in 1613, when he received

the honour of knighthood, and shortly afterwards married
Mary, eldest daughter of Francis Clifford, fourth Earl of
Cumberland. On the death of his father in the following
year, he succeeded to the estates, and also to the baronetcy,
which had been conferred by James I., on the original
institution of that order, in 1612, and about the same time
was returned to Parliament as one of the representatives
for Yorkshire, and sat in several successive Parliaments,
his leanings being towards the opponents of the court,
though without holding extreme views, and in 1615 he was
named custos rotnloruni for the county. In 1626, after the
accession of Charles I,, he was one of those who were made
sheriffs of their counties, to prevent them from sitting in
Parliament, a procedure which inspired so much resent-
ment, that he signalized himself by refusing the arbitrary
loan exacted in the following year, and suffered imprison-
ment in consequence.* He returned to the third Parliament
of Charles with a feeling of determined opposition to the
court, and possibly with some real zeal for the liberties of
his country but, either from ambitious motives or an
;

awakened dread for the safety of the constitution, fearing

that his associates were proceeding to too great lengths,
he went over to the side of the king, and, to the surprise
of all, he was, on the 22nd July, 1628, elevated to the
peerage by the title of Baron Wentworth, Newmarsh, and
Oversley thus commencing a splendid and baleful career
;

that ended- upon the scaffold.f On the loth December fol-

* Hallam.
t It is recorded that shortly after his elevation, Strafford met with his old
" You
friend Pym, and remarked :
see, I have left you" ; to which the dema-
" So I
gogue replied, perceive ; but we shall never leave you as long as you
have a head on your shoulders." Pym kept his word, and never lost sight of
Strafford till he had brought him to the block.
M
146 ANNOTA TIONS.
lowing he 'was advanced to the dignity of a viscount, and
in the succeeding year made a Privy Councillor, Lord Lieu-
tenant of Yorkshire, and Lord President of the Council of
the North, a court possessing inordinate powers, with a
criminal jurisdiction extending from the Humber to the
Scottish frontier. His love of power being still unsatisfied,
he was, in July, 1633, by his own desire, made Lord Deputy
of Ireland, a country that had for centuries been the hotbed
of faction, and where his commanding energy, his despotic
power, and imperious passions created general alarm, and
led the way to the rebellion of 1641. In 1640 Strafford
received his final honours: on the T2th January he was
created Baron Raby, of Raby Castle, in the county of
Durham, and Earl of Strafford, and on the I2th September
following he was invested with the Order of the Garter.
His defection from his friends, his powerful intellect and
commanding genius, his steadfast fidelity to his sovereign
and to the Church of England, and his lofty and imperious
tone in the council-chamber, aroused the fear and hatred
of the Parliament party, who were eager to effect his de-
struction. While with the army in the North, he was
apprised by his friends of the gathering storm. In Novem-
ber, 1641, he returned to London, in obedience to the
summons of the king, who said he could not dispense with
the services of his ablest councillor, receiving the solemn
assurance of Charles that, " upon the word of a king, he
should not suffer in life, honour, or fortune." * Within a
day or two of his arrival he went down to the House, when
he was impeached of high treason by the Commons, his
former friend, but then sworn adversary, Pym, taking the
leading part against him, and the same night he was lodged
in the Tower. On the 22nd March, 1641, his trial one of
the most memorable in the annals of the State began in
Westminster Hall, and continued day by day until the roth
April, Strafford defending himself with so much wisdom,
eloquence, and ability, that, had he not been foredoomed, his
unanswerable arguments must undoubtedly have secured
his acquittal. As the impeachment seemed likely to fail,
* Strafford
Letters, vol. ii.
p. 416.
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 147

a bill was proposed, which was read a first time

of attainder
on the 3th April, and passed on the 2ist.
1 Charles, who
loved Strafford tenderly, at first refused his assent but,
;

yielding to the entreaties of those about him, and in viola-

tion of the solemn promise he had given, eventually signed
the death-warrant, and on the I2th May, 1641, the minister,
who had trusted in his promise of protection, was beheaded
on Tower Hill, behaving with all that dignity of resolution
to be expected from his character. The king's conscience
was deeply wounded by his acquiescence in the death of
his favourite minister, and he looked back with remorse
upon the injustice he had been guilty of during the mis-
fortunes which afterwards overwhelmed him. The political
faults of Strafford were doubtless many and great, but the
charge of treason was groundless, and the attainder uncon-
stitutional he was made the victim of popular clamour,
:

and his death was the first political murder. The eulogium
of his enemy Whitelock might well serve for his epitaph :

" "
Thus," he says, fell this noble earl, who, for natural
parts and abilities, and for improvement of knowledge by
experience in the greatest affairs for wisdom, faithfulness,
and gallantry of mind, hath left few behind him that can
be ranked as his equal."
By his first wife, who died in 1622, Lord Strafford had
no issue. On the 24th February, 1625, he married for his
second wife Arabella, second daughter of John Holies, first
Earl of Clare, a lady of great beauty and cultivated mind,
who died in October, 1631, leaving a son, William, and two
daughters, Ann, who married Edward Watson, Earl of
Rockingham, and Arabella, who became the wife of John
M'Carthy, Viscount Mountcashel. In October, 1632, his
lordship again entered the marriage state, his third wife
being Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Godfrey Rhodes, Knt., of
Great Houghton, in Yorkshire, who bore him two children,
Thomas and Margaret, both of whom died unmarried.
In 1662 the attainder of Earl Strafford was reversed,
and his eldest son, William, restored to the titles of the
house.
 I 48 ANNOTATIONS.

THE LORD DARCIE, pp. 52, 53.

ARMS. A 2., semee of cross crosslets, and three cinque-

foils, arg.

The Lord Darcie by whom these arms were borne would

appear to have been John, the last of the line who bore the
title, the only son and heir of Michael Darcy, descended
from Norman D'Arcie or D'Areci, who came into England
with the Conqueror, and his wife Margaret, daughter of
Thomas Wentworth, Esq., and the grandson of John Lord
Darcy, restored in blood by the title of Lord Darcy of
Aston, 28th August, 1558, who married Agnes, the daughter
of Thomas Babington, of Dethick, in the county of Derby,
Esq., and sister of Anthony Babington, beheaded for his
share in the conspiracy to liberate the Queen of Scots.
This John, who served with Walter Earl of Essex in his
expedition to Ireland, survived his son Michael, and died
in 1587, being succeeded in the title by his grandson John,
above named, who married Rosamond, daughter of Sir
Peter Frescheville, of Stavely, in Derbyshire, Knt, by
whom he had an only son, who pre-deceased him, and
two daughters, who both died unmarried.
Lord Darcy dying in 1635 without surviving male issue,
the barony ceased, and remained extinct until Charles I.,
in 1641-2, restored and confirmed it to Sir Conyers Darcy,
Knt., the grandson of Arthur, younger brother of John
Lord Darcy, restored in blood, and the son of Thomas Lord
Darcy, who was beheaded in the reign of Henry VIII.
Contemporaneous with the Lord Darcy of Aston, above
mentioned, there was a Lord Darcy of Chiche, in Essex.
Thomas, the third baron, eldest son of John Lord Darcy
(who also claimed descent from Norman D'Arcie), by
Frances, daughter of Richard Lord Rich, which Thomas, on
the 5th July, 1621, was created by James I. Viscount Col-
chester, with limitation, on failure of male issue, to his son-
in-law, Sir Thomas Savage, of Rock-Savage, in Cheshire,
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 149

and the 'heirs of his body by Elizabeth his wife, eldest

daughter of Lord Thomas ;
and on the 4th November,
2 Charles I.
(1626), was further advanced to the earldom of
Rivers, with like limitation.His lordship died February 21,
1639, and having survived his only son, Thomas, who died
issueless, the barony of Chiche failed but the titles of
;

Colchester and Rivers devolved upon his son-in-law, Sir

Thomas Savage, in accordance with the limitation named.
The arms borne by Lord Darcy of Chiche arg., three
cinquefoils, gn. differ from those depicted in the Mirrour
of Maiestie, and we may therefore assume that Lord
"
Darcy of Aston was the noble personage rancked in the
Catalogue."

THE LORD WOTTON, pp. 54, 55.

ARMS. Arg. a cross formee, fitchee at the

y foot, sa.

Sir Edward Wotton, Lord Wotton of Marley, was the

eldest son of Thomas Wotton, of Boughton Malherbe,
in the county of Kent, and the brother of Sir Henry
Wotton, Lord Essex's secretary (the famous diplomatist
and political writer), of Sir James, who distinguished
himself in the expedition to Cadiz, and of Sir John, the
accomplished scholar and traveller. Sir Edward having
been introduced at court, was knighted by Queen Elizabeth
and made Comptroller of her Majesty's Household, and
"
was, says Camden, remarkable for many and great
employments in the State during her reign, and sent
several times ambassador into foreign nations." After the
accession of James, he was, on the 2Oth May, 1603, made
a baron of the realm by the title of Lord Wotton of Marley,
in the county of Kent Sir Robert Sidney of Penshurst, Sir
;

William Knollys, and Sir Robert Cecil being elevated to

the peerage at the same time and on the 22nd December,
;

1616, he was appointed Treasurer of the King's Household,

but surrendered his staff of office on the 1st February,
ISO A NNO TA TIONS.
1618. Like the rest of his family, Lord Wotton was
conspicuous for his refined taste and mental qualifications.
He married Esther, daughter and coheir of Sir William
Puckering, of Yorkshire, Knt., and by her had issue an
only son, Thomas, born in 1597, who succeeded him, and
died in 1630.

THE LORD STANHOPE, pp. 56, 57.

ARMS. Quarterly, enn, and gu.

John Stanhope, Lord Stanhope of Harrington, was the

third son of Sir Michael Stanhope, of Shelford, in Notting-
hamshire, who was beheaded in 1552 with Sir Thomas
Arundel, for conspiring the death of Dudley, Duke of
Northumberland, his mother being Ann, daughter of
Nicholas Rawson, Esq., of Aveley Bellhouse, in Essex.
During the reign of Elizabeth and James, he was in
much favour at court, and held several important offices,
including those of Treasurer of the Chambers and Master
of the Ports. On the 4th May, 1605, being then Vice-
Chamberlain to the king, he was raised to the peerage by
the title of Baron Stanhope of Harrington, being the first
of this house, though of ancient and honourable descent,
that was ennobled. His lordship died Qth March, 1620,
having had issue by his wife Margaret, daughter and
coheir of Henry M'Williams, of Stanbourne, in Essex,
two daughters, viz., Elizabeth, married to Sir Lionel
Tollemache, father of the first Earl of Dysart, and
Catharine, married to Robert Cholmondeley, created in
1628 Viscount Cholmondeley, and an only son, Charles,
who succeeded, as second Lord Stanhope, and, having
married Dorothy, sister to the Earl of Newburgh, died
issueless in 1677, when the dignity expired.
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 151

THE LORD CAREW, pp. 58, 59.

ARMS. Or, three lioncels, passant in pale, sa., armed

and langued, gu. : a crescent for difference.

This distinguished soldier, George Lord Carew, of

Clopton, in the county of Warwick, was the son of George
Carew, Archdeacon of Totness and Dean of Exeter,
descended from Sir Thomas Carew, who served with
distinction at the battle of Agincourt. He was born
in 1557, and at the age of fifteen began his academical
career at Broad-gate Hall (now Pembroke College),
Oxford, where he attained considerable proficiency. On
quitting the university, he embraced the profession of
arms, and served in the Irish wars against the Earl of
Desmond and other rebels. In 1580 he was made
Governor of the Castle of Askeaton, and some years
later was appointed Lieutenant-General of Artillery, and
Master of the Ordnance in Ireland. In 1596 he was
nominated to a command in the expedition fitted out to
destroy the Spanish fleet in the port of Cadiz, and on the
igth February, 1598, he accompanied Secretary Cecil as
ambassador to France, from which country he returned
1st May following; in the succeeding year he was ap-
pointed Lord President of Munster, and in 1600 made
Treasurer of the Army, and also one of the Lords Justices
of Ireland, that country at the time being in a state of
open rebellion, whilst the entire force at his disposal for
its suppression numbered only 3,000 infantry and 250
cavalry. By his consummate skill and valour he overcame
all difficulties ;
he made the Earl of Desmond and the
chieftain O'Connor brought the other rebel
prisoners,
chiefs under subjection, and reduced all the fortified
strongholds. In 1601 he defeated a body of Spaniards
who had landed at Kinsale, and the next year attacked
and captured the castle of Dunboy, until then deemed im-
pregnable thereby preventing another projected invasion,
;
152 ANNOTATIONS.
which the Spaniards abandoned on hearing of the fall of
that stronghold. In 1603, Elizabeth having reluctantly
accepted the resignation of his burdensome office, he re-
turned to England, arriving only three days before the
queen's death. By her successor his merits were highly
valued. On the 2nd May, 1603, he was deputed by the
Lords of the Council, with other distinguished personages,
to attend Ann, queen of James I., on her journey from
Scotland into England. In the same year he was ap-
pointed Governor of Guernsey, and on the 4th June, 1605,
was created a peer of the realm, by the title of Baron
Carew of Clopton, in the county of Warwick. In 1608
he was appointed Master-General of Ordnance of Great
Britain;
on the 2Oth July, 1616, sworn of the Privy
Council; and in 1625, on the accession of Charles I., he
was raised to the earldom of Totness, a dignity he enjoyed
only four years, his death occurring at the Savoy, London,
1629, in the seventy-second year of his age.

THE LORD HAVE, pp. 60, 61.

ARMS. Arg., three escutcheons,^/.

James Lord Hay, the frivolous fantastic spendthrift,

who in the reign of James I.shared so large a portion of
the royal favour and the royal purse, was the son of a
Scottish merchant. He received his education in France,
and returning to England about the time of James's
accession, was presented at court by the French am-
bassador, where his showy person and elegance of manners
quickly rendered him a favourite. On the 2Qth June,
1615, he was ennobled by the title of Lord Hay of
Sawley, a creation that would seem to have originated
in some freak of the king, the dignity being conferred
without the issue of letters-patent or a seat in the House
of Lords. In 1616 he was sent on a mission to Paris to
congratulate the king of France on his marriage with the
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 153

Infanta of Spain, and to ask the hand of the Princess

Christian, eldest daughter of Louis XIII., for the
Prince Charles. Nothing could exceed the splendour of
this embassage the members of his train were clothed
;

in the most costly liveries, and the horse on which he

rode was shod with silver shoes lightly tacked on, so that
they could be flung away for the greedy bystanders to
scramble for, a farrier or argentier following with others,
which were scattered about with the same extravagant
prodigality.* On the 2Oth March, 1617, he was sworn of
the Privy Council, and on the 5th July in the following
year raised to the title of Viscount Doncaster. In 1619
he was sent ambassador to Germany, with a view of
mediating between the emperor and the Bohemians, a
mission that is estimated to have cost no less than
fifty or sixty thousand pounds. In 1621 he was sent
upon another embassage to France, to mediate between
Louis XIII. and the French Protestants, but his diplo-
macy was not attended with success. In September,
1622, he was raised to the earldom of Carlisle, and in the
following year he was at Madrid during the matrimonial
visit of Prince Charles, though there is no evidence of
his being employed officially. After the accession of
Charles I., he does not appear to have held any very
important office, though he was not entirely overlooked,
being in 1633 named first gentlemanf of the bedchamber
to the king. His death occurred April 25, 1636, when,
"
says Clarendon, he left neither a house nor an acre
of land to be remembered by," a statement that is con-
"
tradicted by Lodge, who affirms that, notwithstanding
his expensive absurdities, he left a very large fortune,
partly derived from his marriage with the heiress of the
Lords Denny, but more from the king's unlimited bounty."
The earl carefully shunned politics, which would have
made him enemies and thus he escaped the fate of
;

Somerset, Buckingham, and Strafford. If he was prodigal

* Wilson,
p. 94.
t Formerly the title of "gentleman" implied, in its strictest sense,
nobility.
N
154 ANNOTATIONS.
in his expenditure, it was in accordance with the tastes
of his sovereign, whose character he understood more
thoroughly perhaps than any of his contemporaries. With
all his failings, he was modest and unassuming, and his
unaffected courtesy and generous hospitality made him
a general favourite " he was a sensualist without being
selfish, and a courtier without being insolent."
The earl married, first, Honora, sole daughter and
heir of Edward Lord Denny, afterwards created Earl
of Norwich. Surviving her, he married, secondly, No-
vember 6, 1617, the beautiful but frivolous Lady Lucy
Percy, youngest daughter of Henry, eighth Earl of
Northumberland, the most enchanting woman at the
court of Charles, and, next to the far-famed Sacharissa,
the goddess of Waller's idolatry.

THE LORD CHIEFE JUSTICE OF THE

KINGS-BENCH, pp. 62, 63.

ARMS. Arg., three lozenges, conjoined, in fesse, gu.,

within a bordure, sa., differenced by a mullet, the mark of
cadency of a third son.

This distinguished lawyer and parliamentary orator,

Sir Henry Montagu, the founder of the ducal house of
Manchester, was the third of the six sons of Sir Edward
Montagu, by Elizabeth, daughter of Sir James Harington,
of Exton, in Rutlandshire, and the grandson of Sir
Edward Montagu, Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench
in 1539. On the 23rd July, 1603, he was knighted by
James I. at Westminster, along with some three or four
hundred others; on the igth March, 1604, he was re-
turned as representative of the City of London in the
first Parliament of James; on the i8th November, 1616,
he was sworn Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench ;

on Monday, December 4, 1620, was made Lord

he
Treasurer of England at Newmarket, where the king
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 155

gave him his staff and created him Lord Montagu, Baron
of Kimbolton and Viscount Mandeville and on Saturday, ;

the 1 6th of the same month, he was sworn at the Ex-

chequer. On the accession of Charles I., he was created
Earl of Manchester (February 5, 1626), and was aftenvards
appointed Lord Privy Seal. The earl was thrice married ;

first, to Catharine, second daughter of Sir William Spencer,

of Yarnton, in Oxfordshire, by whom he had three sons ;

secondly, to Ann, daughter and heir of William Wincot,

Esq., of Langham, in Staffordshire, and widow of Sir
Leonard Halliday, Knt, Lord Mayor of London, but by
her had no issue his third wife, whom he married in
;

1620, being Margaret, daughter of John Crouch, Esq., of

Cornbury, in Hertfordshire, and widow of John Hare,
Esq., who bore him a son, George Montagu, ancestor of
the Earls of Halifax, and a daughter, Susannah, who
became the wife of George Brydges, sixth Lord Chandos.
His lordship died November 6, 1642, and was succeeded
in the title by his eldest son, Edward Montagu, the renowned

parliamentarian general, who defeated Prince Rupert at

Marston Moor, when Cromwell acted as his lieutenant-
general, and who at the Restoration was accepted by the
Lords as their speaker to congratulate Charles II. on his
return to his capital.

THE LORD CHIEFE IUSTICE OF THE

COMMON-PLEAS, pp. 62, 63.

ARMS. Sa., an estoile of eight * points, or, between two

flaunches, erm., differenced by a crescent.

Sir Henry Hobart, by whom this coat was borne, was

the second son of Miles Hobart, of Plumstede, by Audrey,
daughter and coheir of William Hare, Esq., of Beeston,
in Norfolk. Having completed his education, he adopted
* In the shield
depicted in the Mirrour, the estoile has only six points.
156 ANNOTATIONS.
the profession of the law, and soon rose to considerable
eminence. In 1595 he was chosen steward of the city of
Norwich, and in the following year elected one of the
governors of his own inn, being about the same time
returned burgess in Parliament for Yarmouth, which
borough he also represented in 1600. In 1603 he was
called to the degree of serjeant-at-law, and on the
23rd July in the same year he received the honour of
knighthood, in company with his eldest son, John. He
represented the city of Norwich in the first Parliament
of James I., and, being held in high repute for his
ability and learning, was in 1605 made attorney to
the Court of Wards, and on the 4th July of the same
year constituted King's Attorney-General. On the 22nd
July, 1610, he was appointed by letters patent one of the
first governors of the Charter-house,* and on the 22nd
November in the following year created a baronet, being
the ninth in precedency in the institution of that order.
On the 26th October, 1613, he was appointed successor to
Sir Edward Coke as Lord Chief Justice of the Common
Pleas, an office in which he acquitted himself with much
honour, Sir Francis Bacon being at the same time consti-
tuted Attorney-General. Bacon was his rival, and, in 1615,
on the anticipated death of Lord Chancellor Ellesmere,
fearing that Sir Henry Hobart might be appointed to
succeed, he addressed a letter to the king, under date I2th
February, 1615, "touching the Lord Chancellor's place,"
in which occurs the following passage :

"If you take my Lord Hubbard [Hobart], you shall have a judge at the
upper end of your council-board and another [Coke] at the lower end, whereby
your Majesty will find your prerogative pent ; for though there should be
emulation between them, yet, as legists, they will agree in magnifying that
wherein they are best. He is no statesman, but an ceconomist, wholly for
himself; so as your Majesty, more than an outward form, will find little
help in him for your business, "t

In the later years of his life he commenced the rebuilding

*
Stow, 940.
f Lambeth MSS. quoted in Spedding's Letters and Life of Francis Bacon,
ed. 1869.
 ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 157

of Blickling Hall,* one of the most perfect examples re-

maining of the time of the first James, previously the seat
of the Boleyns, and celebrated as the house from which
Henry VIII. married the ill-fated mother of Queen Eliza-
beth, the Lady Anne Boleyn. At his decease were pub-
lished reports of several law cases, which bear this title:
The Reports of that Reverend and Learned Judge, the Right
Hon. Sir Henry Hobart, Knt. and Bart., Lord Chief Justice
of His Majesty's Court of Common Pleas, and CJiancellor to
both their Highnesses, Henry and Charles, Prince of Wales,
&c. On the 22nd April, 1590, he married, at Blickling,
Dorothy, daughter of Sir Robert Bell, of Beaupre Hall, in
Norfolk, Knt, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, by
whom he had sixteen children, one of them being Sir
Miles Hobart, noted in the time of Charles I. for his oppo-
sition to the royalist party, and who, on the 2nd March,
1628-9, to prevent the anticipated dissolution of Parlia-
ment, forcibly held the Speaker, Sir John Finch, in the
chair while certain strong resolutions were passed.
Sir Henry Hobart died December 26, 1625, and was
succeeded by his eldest son, Sir John Hobart, who married,
first, Philippa, daughter of Robert Sidney, Earl of Leicester,
and, secondly, Frances, eldest daughter of John Earl of
Bridgewater but, dying without surviving male issue, the
;

title devolved upon his nephew, Sir John Hobart, grand-

father of the first Earl of Buckinghamshire.

THE LORD CHIEFE BARON OF THE

EXCHEAQUER, pp. 62, 63.
ARMS. Arg., two chevrons between three martlets, sa.,
two and one.

SirLaurenceTanfield, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer,

"
the last of the personages rancked in the Catalogue," was
* Mr.
Henry Shaw, F.S.A., remarks that the entrance-porch to this stately
mansion " may be regarded as one of the earliest attempts at the restoration
of classical architecture, and appears to be formed
14)011 the model of the Arch
of Titus at Rome."
1
58 ANNOTA TIONS.
the only son of Robert Tanfield, of Burford, in Oxford-
shire, by his wife, Wilgeford Fitzherbert, and the third
in descent from Robert Tanfield, the representative of a
family seated at Harpole and Gayton, in Northampton-
shire, from the time of Henry VI. This Robert Tanfield
married Catharine, daughter of Edward Neville, Baron
Abergavenny, by his second wife, Catharine, sister of John
Howard, Duke of Norfolk. Laurence Tanfield's name
occurs as Reader of the Society of the Inner Temple in
1595; on the loth January, 1605, he was appointed a
puisne justice of the King's Bench, and on the 25th June,
1607, created Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, in the
place of Sir Thomas Fleming, who had been made Chief
Justice of the King's Bench ;
and this dignity he held
during the remainder of his life. He died on the
3Oth April, 1625, and was buried in the church of Burford,
his native place, in which, in the centre of an enclosed
aisle or chapel on the north side of the church, is an altar-
tomb, with the recumbent effigies of himself and his wife
beneath an enriched canopy, supported by ornamental
pillars. By his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Gyles Symonds,
of Cley, in Norfolk, he had issue an only daughter, bearing
the same baptismal name as her mother, who became the
wife of Sir Henry Cary, K.B., created Viscount Falkland
November 10, 1620, whose son Lucius, the second viscount,
born in 1610, " Falkland the generous and the just,"
became heir to his maternal grandfather, and lost his life
at the battle of Newbury, September 20, 1643, whilst
fighting on the royalist side.

J. C.
 III.

NOTICE OF WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES,

AND ESPECIALLY OF THOSE WHICH
CONTAIN THE ILLUSTRATIVE PLATES.

IjERE we to bring together into a regular series

full notices of the various works in literature
which bear on their title-pages the English
word Mirror, or the French Miroir, the
German and Dutch Spiced, the Latin Speculum, and the
Greek Theatron, we should have to compile a volume,
rather than a chapter. The subjects, too, treated of
would be found almost universal. Though in its exer-
cise often doing violence to good taste, and at times
offending against the proprieties of thought, the idea has
for centuries been popular of holding up a glass and of
looking within it to see reflected characters, personages,
events, histories, moral instruction, philosophical, spiritual,
and religious truths, and the whole contour of society, of
government, and of the world.
It is a long time ago, too, since the use of jingling alli-
terative titles became prevalent. Not to travel out of our
English tongue, nor away from the one word Mirror, we
may refer to a curiousmedley of subjects, all set forth in
the looking-glass of the imagination, and imprinted for the
edification of mankind. Thus :

"THE MIRROURE of Gold for the synfull soule, translated out of frenche
into englishe by the right excellent princesse Margaret moder to our soueraigne
lord king Henry the VII." London, Pynson. 4to.
"A MYRROUR FOR MAN"; by Tho. Churchyard, about 1550.
"THE MIRROUR of Madnes, or a Paradoxe maintayning Madness to be
most excellent "; byj. Sandford. 8vo. LONDON. 1576.
160 WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES.
" A MIRRHOR mete for all
Mothers, Matrones and Maidens, entituled the
Mirrhor of Modestie"; "A pretie and pithie Dialogue betweene Mercuric
and Virtue"; by Thomas Salter. 8vo. London. 1579-
"THE MIRROUR of Mutabilitie, or principall part of the Mirrour for
Magistrates"; by Antony Munday. 410. London. 1579-
"A MIROUR of Monsters"; compiled by W. Rankins, A.D. 1587.
" THE MIRROR of
Martyrs ; the life and death of that thrice valient Capi-
taine, and most godly Martyre, Sir John Old-castle knight Lord Cobham" ;
by John Weever. 8vq. 1601.

But, above them all, we name and commend

"A MIROVR FOR MAGISTRATES,* being a true Chronicle Historic of the

vntimely such vnfortunate Princes and men of note, as haue happened
falles of
since the first entrance of Brute into this Hand, vntill this our latter Age.
Newly enlarged -with a last part, called, A Winter-night's Vision,^ being an
addition of such Tragedies, especially famous, as are exampled in this former
Historic, with a Poem annexed called England's Eliza." (The Device is a
wand entwined by two serpents, two cornucopise, hands issuing from clouds,
and the motto "By Peace Plenty, by Wisdom Peace.") "At London,
"
Imprinted by Felix Kyngstun 1610. 8vo. Pages, 20 unnumbered, I 875
numbered.

This work, commenced in 1559, was added to at various

times, until from less than thirty tales, or histories, it was
enlarged so as to comprise eighty legends and eleven
supplements. In the entire volume the first legend tells,
"
How King Albanuet the yongest sonne of Brutus and
first King of Albanie (now called Scotland) was slain by
King Humber, the ycare before Christ 1085"; and the
"
eightieth records, How
the Lord Cromwell exalted from
meane estate was after by the enuie of the Bishop of Win-
chester and other his complices brought to vntimely end
Anno Dom. 1 540." Of the eleven additions, the eighty-first
tale gives
"
The life and death of King Arthur " ; and the
ninety-first the poem annexed, England's Eliza, p. 873, of
which the following is a stanza :

* " The Induction " to the work was

composed by the celebrated Thomas
Sackville, Earl of Dorset, in 1563. To him also is assigned " The Complaint
of the Duke of Buckingham." Thomas Sackville died in 1608, leaving behind
a very memorable name.
f This Winter-nighfs Vision was dedicated to Charles Howard, the Earl
of Nottingham, who was "the Lord Admirall" of the Mirrovr of Maicstie,
pp. 19, 20.
 MIRRORS. 161

" Thus our triumphant Dame

to the life of
Time inher reigne no yeere did multiplie
Which Fortune did not dignyfie with fame
Or praise of some illustrate victorie ;
'Gainst Rome, 'gainst Spaine, or th' Austrian enemie
'Gainst whom that houre that she expir'd her breath,
She di'd victorious in the armes of death."

With the unalliterative titles our array might easily be

swelled out, but not to so great a degree as might be ima-
gined. The Myrrour of the worlde appeared in 1481, and
Fewterer's Myrrour or Glasse of CJiristis Passion in 1534.
The Mirrour of Princely deeds is dated 1579 Robert ;

Greene's Mirrour or looking glasse for the Ladies of Eng-

land, 4to, 1583; and the same author's "Penelopes Web,
Wherein a Christall Myrror of fceminine perfection repre-
sents to the viewe of euery those vertues and graces, which
more curiously beautifies the mynd of women, then eyther
sumptuous Apparell, or Jewels of inestimable valew." 4to.
1587.
The Mariners Mirror became known in 1583 and in ;

1
594 Drayton's Ideas Mirrour, or love stanzas, of fourteen
lines each and in the early part of the reign of King
;
"
James, 1604, the Mirrour of his Maicsties present Gouern-
mcnt tending to the Vnion of his whole Hand of Brittone."

For showing the variety of subjects in French works

that glorify themselves in the word Miroir, it will be suffi-
cient to specify two or three :

"Guguin's MIROUKR historial de France," a folio of 185 leaves, printed in

1516. It is from the author's Latin chronicles of an earlier date, 1499, and
contains the deeds and actions of kings of France.
'MiRROUER des femmes vertueuses," a Lyon, 1546; a very rare volume,
containing the Patience of Griselda, and the History of the Maid of Orleans.
" LE MIROIR des escoliers et de la
jeunesse." 8vo. 1602.

Glass and Looking-glass also furnish their full quota of

titles. In 1590 there was a Looking-glass for England, and
in 1 599 another for Ireland. A Glasse for Gamesters was
printed in 1581 and in 1589 a Spectacle for Perjurers,
;

adorned in the title-page with the circles of a pair of spec-

tacles. The French, too, at a much earlier day, had their
O
162 WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES.
"
Lunettes to give point to a title for Les lunettes des
;

princes" by Jehan Meschinot, dates from Nantes, in small

4to, 1493. and through above twenty editions retained its
popularity to 1539. The word reappeared at Orleans in
"
1576,when Ltinettes de christal de roc/ic" were recom-
mended to princes, lords, gentlemen, and other
all the
good Frenchmen, to enable them to see clearly the way
by which it was sought to bring France under the same
tyranny as Turkey.

A work far more truly a Mirror of Majesty than the

trifling volume which expressly bears the name, is Henry
Holland's BOOKE OF KINGS, also printed A.D. 1618 it is a :

folio with thirty-two noble plates, chiefly the workmanship

of Reginald Elstracke, an English engraver, and of Simon,
the brother of Crispin de Passe the younger. This
Simon de Passe resided in England about ten years, from
1613, and then engaged in the service of the King of
Denmark. The title of the Book of Kings and the portrait
of William the Conqueror,* were engraved by Elstracke,
and the fine portraits of Elizabeth, James, and Anna, by
Simon de Passe, to whom also are to be attributed
several other portraits of eminent men of their day. This
BAZIAIQAOriA is well described by its title.
"A BOOKE OF KINGS, beeing the true and liuely Effigies of all our English
Kings from the Conquest vntill this present With their seuerall Coats of
:

Arms, Impreses, and Devises. And a briefe Chronologic of their Liues and
Deaths elegantly grauen in copper. (London) Printed for H. Holland and
are to be sold by Compton Holland over against the Exchange. 1618."
Small folio.

Of the thirty-two portraits in the Book of Kings, there

are only three of the personages named in the Mirrovr of
Maiestie : they are "James, King of Great Britaine," Anna
"
his queen, and Charles, Prince of great Britaine and
Ireland." f But with the Basiliialogia proper are some-
times found additional portraits ; as, Edward Somerset,

* See
Bryan's Dictionary of Engravers and Painters, 1849, p. 229.
f See Mirrovr of Maiestie, pp. i, 4, and 6.
 BOOKS OF PORTRAITS. 163

"
Earl of Worcester, the Lord Privy Scale," and Henry
"
Wriothesley, Earle of Southampton."*

A most worthy companion to Holland's Booke of Kings

was Book of Heroes.
his
" HERWOLOGIA
ANGLICA, hoc est clarissimorvm et doctissimorvm aliqvot
Anglorvm, qvi florvervnt ab Anno Cristi M.D. vsq. ad presentem Annvm
M. D. c. xx. viure Effigies, Vita; et Elogia, duobus Tomis. Authore H. H.
Anglo Britanno. Impensis Crispin! Passsei Calcographus et Jansonij Biblio-
'

polas Arnhemiensis. Folio.

The work contains sixty-five portraits attributed to

Crispin de Passe the elder, his son William de Passe,
and others. A
few of the originals were by Hans Holbein,
and one or two by Rubens. Of persons commemorated
in the Mirrovr of Maiestic, there are three portraits in
the Booke of Heroes ; of William Herbert, Earl of Pem-
broke, "the Lord Chamberline"; Robert Devereux, "the
Earle of Essex," and James Montagu, " the Bishop of
Winchester." f

Several works of later times supply authentic portraits

and memoirs of the " Noble Personages rancked in the
our fac-simile Reprint. We
"
Catalogue of select the
following, to which our readers are referred :

Clarendon's History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England; 8vo, 3 vols.
in 6,with Portraits forming a 7th part. Oxford. Printed at the Theater,
An. Dom. MDCCVII.
Birch's Heads of Ilhistrious Persons of Great Britain, engraven by Mr.
Houbraken and Mr. Vertue, with their Lives and Characters. Large folio,
2 vols. London, MDCCXLIII.
Thane's (or Daniel's) British Autobiography. A Collection of Fac-similes
of Hand-writing of royal and illustrious Personages, with their authentic
Portraits. 4to. London, 1788 and 1839.
Granger's Biographical History of England, Portraits Illustrative of. 410.
London, 1799.
Lodge's Portraits of Illustrious Personages of Great Britain, engraved from
authentic Pictures in the Galleries of the Nobility and the Public Collections
of the Country, with biographical and historical Memoirs of their Lives and
Actions. Folio, 4 vols. 240 plates. London, 1821 1834.

* See Mirrovr
of Maiestie, pp. 14 and 26. \ Id., pp. 22, 30, and 42.
1 64 WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES.
For identifying several of the ministers of State and
men named in the Mirrovr of Maiestie,
other illustrious
we have found an heraldic work very serviceable, which
was printed four years later, in 1622. It is a small folio
of 392 pages, and was dedicated "To THE HIGH AND
MIGHTY PRINCE JAMES, King of Great Britaine, France
and Ireland, &c." Of English kings are emblazoned
twenty coats of arms, and of the nobles about 655.
There are also notices of the various persons whose
insignia are represented. The title alone may serve to
set forth what an intimate reference the book bears to the
Mirrovr of King James's Maiestie.
" A
CATALOGUE and succession of the Kings, Princes, Dukes, Marquesses,
Earles, and Viscounts of this Realme of England since the Norman Conquest
to this present yeere 1622. Together with their Armes, Wiues and Children,
the times of their Deaths and Burials, with many of their memorable Actions.
Collected by RALPH BROOKE, Esquire, Yorke Herauld, and by him enlarged,
with amendment of diuers faults, committed by the Printer, in the time of the
Authors sicknesse. Quamqitisq; norit artem, in hac se exerceatS'*

A volume very similar in nature to the last, and serving

the same purpose, though rather later in time, has the
following title set within a monumental border.

"THE VNION OF HONOVR containing the armes, Matches and Issues of the
Kings, Dukes, Marquesses and Earles of England from the Conquest untill
this present yeare 1641. With the Armes of the English Viscounts and
Barons now being; and of the Gentry of Lincolnister. Whereunto is annexed
A briefe of all the Battels which have beene fought and maintained by the
English since the Conquest, till the yeare 1602. Collected out of the most
approued Authours former or moderne. By James Yorke, Black-Smith.
"
London, Printed by Edward Griffin for WILLIAM LECKE, and are to be
sold at his Shop in Chancery-lane neare unto the Rolls. 1640." Folio.

For comparison with the Royal Arms of James and of

Mirrovr, pp. i and 4, we have
his queen, as presented in the

* Prefixed to the
copy made use of (belonging to Lee P. Townshend, Esq.,
of Wincham Hall, Cheshire), is an exquisite ''''Portraiture of the illustrious
"
Princesse Frances Duchess ^"Richmond and Lenox Anno 1623, insculftum
;

a Guilh. Passtzo Londinium. The noble lady was daughter of Thomas Lord
Howard of Bindon, and wife of Ludowick Stuart, Duke of Lennox. See
Mirrovr of Maiestie, p. 18, Emb. 10.
 ORNAMENTAL HERALDRY. 165

consulted the magnificent folio which bears on the reverse

" "
of the title-page the treble mottoes,
"
Gang forward" I "
am ready" and FAX MENTIS HONESTY GLORIA
"
Glory is the torch of the honourable mind ;" where the
lines may be applied, first written concerning the lilies,
"
beautious flowires? on the shield of Ludowick Stuart,*
"These golden Buckles bordring them about,
A Palizado, to keepe Foulenesse out."
" HERALDRY SIXTEENH CENTVRY.
Examples of the Ornamental of the
LONDON MDCCCLXVII." Parts I. and II.

The Royal Arms of Scotland, Edinburgh, circa 1542,

Jacobvs being Rex, are presented in Part II. p. 8; and
Edinburgh, 1566, Maria Regina, p. 22; the Royal Arms
of Denmark and Ducal Arms of Holstein, Hamburgh,
1590, p. 28; and the Royal Arms of Scotland, impaled
tvit/i those of Denmark, Edinburgh, 1 593 the motto, In ;

my defenc, God me defend, p. 3 1 .

In the same work there are also two other plates of

considerable interest: the one, in Part I. p. 55, bearing on
the claim of James to the English throne, 1587; and the
oilier, dated 1597, in Part II. p. 82, presenting well-executed

portraits of JACOBVS SEXTVS, of his son HENRICVS, and

of ANNA REGINA. The side ornamentation, moreover,
contains portraits of the sovereigns of Scotland, lACOBVS
PRIMVS, IACOBVS SECVNDVS, IACOBVS TERTIVS, IACOBVS
QVARTVS, IACOBVS QVINTVS, and MARIA REGINA.
I. Within a border of the Royal Arms of England,
France, Scotland, and their dependencies, is the title in
French of a book first published in Latin in 1578 :

"Dv DROICT ET TILTRE de la Serenissime Princesse Marie Royne

d'Escosse, et de tres illustre princ laques VI. Roy d'Escosse son fils, a
la succession du Royaume d'Angleterre. Auec la genealogie des Roys
d' Angleterre aycms regnt depuis cinq cens ans. Premierement compose en
Latin & Anglois, par R. P. en Dieu M. lean de Lesselie Euesque de
Rosse, Escossois, lors qu'il estoit Ambassadeur en Angleterre pour sa Majeste,
"
& nouellement mis en Fra^ois par le mesme Autheur.
A ROVEN De rimprimerie de George 1'Oyselet. (1587.)

* See Mirrovr 18.

of Maicstie, p.
166 WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES.
2. Within a border of portraits of Scottish
sovereigns
and of the Royal Arms of Scotland, in combination
with those of the city of Edinburgh, is the following
title :

"THE LAWES AND ACTES OF PARLIAMENT, maid be King lames the first
and Kings of Scotldd: visied, collected and extracted furth of
his Svccessovrs,
the Register. The Contents of this Bvik ar expreemtd in the leafe following.
" EDINBVRGH Printed
by Robert Waldegrave, Printer to the Kings
Majestic. 15 MartiiA.D. 1597."

From
the several works which have thus, in pages 162
to 1 been briefly noticed, PORTRAITS or MEMOIRS
66,
may be obtained of a large proportion of the persons
named in the Mirrovr of Maiestie, refer to them in We
the order of the Arms and Emblems, adding the names
of the authors where particulars may be found. The
necessary limits of our edition render their reproduction
in these pages impossible :

The Kings Maiestie, p. I, EMB. 2. See Holland, Clarendon, Thane, Granger.

The Queene, p. 4, EMB. 3. Holland, Birch, Granger.
The Prince, p. 6, EMB. 4. Holland, Clarendon, Granger.
The Lord Arch-bishop of Canterburie, George Abbott, p. 8, EMB. 5- Claren-
don, Birch, Granger. Lodge.
7^he Lord Chancellor, F. Bacon, p. 10, EMB. 6. Clarendon, Birch, Thane,
Lodge.
The Lord Treasurer, Thomas Howard, p. 12, EMB. 7. Thane, Granger,
Lodge.
The Lord Priuie Seale, Edward Somerset, p. 14, EMB. 8. Holland.
The Lord Admirall, Charles Howard, p. 16, EMB. 9. Granger.
The Duke of Lenox, Lodowick Stuart, p. 18, EMB. 10. Thane, Granger,
Lodge.
The Marquesse of Bitckinghame, George Villicrs, p. 20, EMB. II. Clarendon,
Birch, Thane, Lodge.
The Lord Chamberlaine, William Herbert, p. 22, EMB. 12. Holland, Claren-
don, Lodge.
The Earle of Arundell, Thomas Howard, p. 24, EMB. 13. Clarendon, Thane,
Lodge.
The Earle of Sortthehampton, Henry Wriothesley, p. 26, EMB. 14. Holland,
Granger, Lodge.
The Earle of Hertford, Edward Seymour, p. 28, EMB. 15.
The Earle of Essex, Robert Devereux, p. 30, EMB. 16. Holland, Clarendon,
Thane, Granger, Lodge.
The Earle of Monntgomerie, Philip Herbert, p. 34, EMB. 18. Clarendon,
Granger, Lodge.
The Viscount Wallingford, William Knolles, p. 38, EMB. 20. Granger.
 EMBLEMS AND MOTTOES. 167

The Bishop of London, John King, p. 40, EMB. 21. Granger.

The Bishop of Winchester, James Montagu, p. 42, EMB. 22. Holland's
Herowlogia, Granger.
The Bishop of Ely, Lancelot Andrews, p. 44, EMB. 23. Granger.
The Lord Zoitch, Edward la Zouch, p. 46, EMB. 24. Granger.
The Lord Chiefe Justice of the Kings Bench, Sir Henry Montagu, p. 62,
EMB. 32. Granger

The THIRTY-TWO EMBLEMS in the work have no great

degree of originality, nor of skilfulness in the design, but,
on the whole, if not well executed, are adapted to the noble
personages to whom they are addressed. From the practice
of the age in which the Mirrovr of Maiestie was written,
we must expect to meet with occasional, if not with gross,
flatteries these are evident enough, and but little adorned
;

by elegance of diction or refinement of thought. The de-

vices themselves, however, are generally clearly described,
and occasionally the character is very justly set forth, as
in the case of Thomas Howard, the Earl of Arundel, whose

symbols are the sun and a fruitful tree, that is standing on

a hill (p. 27).
" Know (honour'd Sir) that th' heate of Princes loue,
Throw'n on those reall Worths, good men approue
Doth, like the radiant Phcebus shining here,
Make fruitfull vertue at full height appeare :

T' illustrate this in you, were to confesse

How much your Goodnesse doth your Greatnesse blesse,
By its own warme reflexe : thus both suruiue,
And both i' th Sunne of Royalfavour thriue
O may 's reuerberating rayes still nourish
Your noble Worths, and make your Vcrtues flourish."

The MOTTOES, in alphabetical order, and the subjects of

DEVICES, we now subjoin
their :

Bis INTERIMITVR QVI SVIS ARMIS PERIT Twice is he slain who perishes
with his arms, p. 51, Emb. 29. The assailants of Christ's citadel perish-
ing in their own fires.
CANDIDA, SOLIDA, ET IMMOBILE* Pure, constant, and immovable, p. 23,
Emb. 12. Piety clasping Alethea's pillar.
CHIARO QVIETO PROFONDO E DIVINO Clea-, peaceful, deep, and divine,
p. 47, Emb. 24. Phrebus and the sacred Sisters at the Thespian spring.

* The incorrect Latin must sometimes be forgiven.

1 68 WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES.
D' ODORE IL ACVTEZZA IL ciEi.o The world by sweetness, ami
MONDO E D'
Emb. 17. The fir-tree.
the heavens by sharpness, p. 33,
ET DEO ET PATRI^ Both for God andfor Country, p. 15, Emb. 8. A sword
and mailed hand on a burning altar.
ET TENEBR^: FACTVE SVNT And darkness arose, p. 53, Emb. 27. Black
clouds gathered over an eagle.
IN VTRAQVE PERFECTVS Made perfect for both offices, p. 27, Emb. 14. A
figure half Mars and half Mercury.
INVIDIA SVVM TORQVET AVTHOREM Envy torments its own author, p. 21,
Emb. 1 1. The envious hand drawing to itself fires from the sun.
lovis, APOLLINIS ET MINERVA Jove's, Apollo's, and Minerva's temple,
p. 51, Emb. 26. Statues of Jupiter, Apollo, and Minerva,
MERITVM SIBI MVNVS A service that is a reward to itself, p. 61, Emb. 31.
Bounty conferring favours on the needy.
MORIR PIV TOSTO CHE MANCAR Di FEDE Rather die at once than fail of
fidelity, p. 9, Emb. 5. The Holy Spirit in the heart amidst afflictions.
MvsiCA DII PLACANTVR, MvsiCA MANES By music the gods are appeased,
by music the manes, p. 35, Emb. 18. Music encircled by ears.
NON MANCA AL FIN SE BEN TARDA A VENIRE Divine power fails not in
the end, though slow to come, p. 19, Emb. 10. The hand of power, the
lion and the wolf.
NVLLVM BONVM INREMVNERATVM No good deed unrewarded, p. 3,
Emb. 2. The lion, crowned by Mercury's wand, dispensing justice and
plenty.
ORDINE TEMPO NVMERO E MISURO Order, time, number, and measure,
p. 37, Emb. 19. Science seated in her chair of state.
PACE A GLI ELETTI E GVERRA A GLi EMPi E RET Peace to the chosen, and
war to the impious and wicked, p. 49, Emb. 25. A winged lion holding
a sword.
PACE, FERMEZZA E FRVTTO ALL* Ai.ME APPORTO Peace, stability, and
fruit 1 bring to the said, p. 25, Emb. 13. The sun shining on a fruit-
bearing tree.
POST NVBILA PHEBUS After clouds the sun, p. 7, Emb. 4. An eagle
bearing Prince Henry's coronet and the crown, the sun shining
QVEI. CHE DKITTO DA IL CIEL TORCER NON PVOSSE Whatever is straight
from heaven cannot be twisted, p. 17, Emb. 9. globe upheld by theA
hand of Providence, and men attempting with ropes to pull the globe
aside.
Qvi CVRAT VIGILANS DORMIT Whoever has charge sleeps watching, p. 13,
Emb. 7- A statesman with a key keeping watch.
Qvis CONTRA NOS ? Who against us? p. 31, Emb. 16. Jove's arm launching
thunderbolts.
REX ET SACERDOS DEI King and Priest of God, p. 2, Emb. i. Crown and
mitre on a table.
SERO IVPITER DIPHTHERAM INSPEXIT Late hath Jupiter beheld the shepherd's
cloak, p. 43, Emb. 22. The ship of the Roman faith in storms.
Sic VBIQVE So everywhere, p. 63, Emb. 32. Diana with arrow and bow.
SOTT HVMANO SEMBIANTE EMPio VENENO Under human guise impious
poison, p. 39, Emb. 20. The sycophant playing with a cur at his
feet.
SVB VMBRA ALARVM TVARVM Under the shadow of thy wings, p. n,
Emb. 6. The sheep pursued by a wolf seeking an eagle's wings.
 PEA CHAM S MINER VA. 169
TEMPVS CORONAT INDVSTRIAM Time crowns
industry, p. 55, Emb. 28.
Timepresenting a wreath to a traveller.
VNICA ETERNA AL MON DO The only eternal bird in the world, p. 5, Emb. 3.
APhoenix on the funereal fire.
VNVM COR, v.\vs DEVS, VNA RELIGIO One heart, one God, one religion,
p. 29, Emb. 15. The hands of Providence clasping a bleeding heart,
within a wreath of laurel, olive, and palm.
VNVM ET ALTERVM DiviNVM One and the other, i. e. both divine, p. 45,
Emb. 23. A bud, half rose, half pomegranate.
VIRTVS VNITA FORTIOR United virtue the stronger, p. 59, Emb. 30. A
figure half scholar, half knight.
Without motto, p. 41, Emb. 21. The triple crown surmounting a shield,
within which displayed Falsehood seated on a seven-headed monster
is

and presenting her cup of witchery.

A curious, though not very rare volume, Peacham's

MINERVA BRITANNA, 4to, 1612, described
at pp. 85-87,
may be looked upon as the herald of the Mirrovr of
Maicstie. Published in the same reign, it devotes several
of its Emblems, Mottoes, and Devices to noble personages
who flourished under James I. Some Emblems assumed
by the king, or by his ancestors, we have noted at
pp. 67, 68 and others, suitable to our work, and having
;

a natural connexion with it, we now select their Photo- ;

lith reproductions, and some of Italian and Dutch origin,

constitute the ILLUSTRATIVE PLATES of our volume, and
whether ornamental or not, are undoubtedly appropriate.

I. From the Minerva Britanna, 1612. See Plate I.

Plate I. The TITLE-PAGE of Peacham's Emblems.

Plate II. p. I. Nisi desnper Unless from above. To my dread Soveraigne
lames, King of Great Britaine, &c.
Plate III. p. II. Sic pacem habemus So have we peace. To the High and
mightie James, King of greate Britaine.
Plate IV. p. 31. Protegere Regium To defend Royalty. JAMES, King of
great Britaine.
Plate V. p. 45. Hibernica Respub. ad lacobitm Regem The Irish Republic
to King James.
Plate VI. p. 145. Ex vtroque Immortalitas Immortality from each. Ad
pijssimum lacobum magnse Britannioe Regem.
Hate VII. p. 13. In Anna rejnantium arbor Of those reigning in Anna
the tree. To the Thrice-vertuovs and fairest of Qveenes, Anne Qveene
of Great Britaine.
Plate VIII. p. 18. E
corpore pulchro Gratior More beloved from a fair
form. To RIGHT NOBLE and most
the towardly Yovng Prince, CHARLES
DVKE OF YORKE.
P
1 70 WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES.
Plate IX. p. 34. Ex malis moribtis boncz leges Good laws arise from evil
manners. To the most iudicious and learned Sir FRANCIS BACON,
Knight.
Plate X. p. 20. His servire To serve for these. To the Right Honourable
and my singular good Lord HENRY HOWARD, Earle of Northampton,
Lord Privie Scale, &c.*
Plate XL Distantia iungo Distant things I unite.
p. 102. To the thrice
Noble, and excellent Prince, Ludtnnick Duke of Lennox.
Plate XII. p. 21. Gloria Principum The glory of Princes. To the right
truely Noble, and most Honourable Lord, WILLIAM, Earle of Pembrooke.
Plate XIII. p. 23. His ornari aut tnorl By these to be adorned or to die.
To the right Honourable, and most Noble Lord, HENRY, Earle of South-
ampton.
Plate XIV. p. 9. Psalmi Davidici Psalms of David. To the Right Reverend
Father in GOD, IOHN, Bishop of London.
Plate XV. p. 28. His altiora Things loftier than these. To the honourable
the Lord Wootton.

II. From Choice Symbols of Heroes, 1619.

Selectorum Symbolrvm Heroicorvm, &c. See Plate XVI.
A small 8vo Vol. i-55d.by .95 ; or 6.1 Eng.
by 3. 14; device plates
in.
about 5$d. square.
. There are i 406 pages numbered, initial 16 and final
26 unnumbered total, 448 pages.
:

" Illustribvs ac
Contents, pp. (2 13) Dedication, Magnificis Dominis
Burgo-grauiis et Baronibus," &c. (14, 15) Laudatory verses by Gothardvs
;

Arthvsivs and Ivlivs Gvil. Zincgreffivs ; pp. i " Electorvm Symbolorvm

406,
Heroicorvm Centuria Gemma." At the end, p. 26, "Index Herovm," and
" Elenchvs Rervm et Verborvm."
The 200 Emblems have each a Latin motto, a well-executed device in a
circle, and Latin notes. They are dedicated to various emperors, kings, &c. ,

whom the author supposes to be heroes. The work is of considerable interest,

and truly a Mirror of Majesty.

From their relation to our own Reprint, we present a

few of the subjects :

Plate XVI. TITLE-PAGE. Francofvrti, 1619.

Plate XVII. p. 191. HENRICVS VIII Angliae, Francice et Hyberniae Rex.
SECVRITAS ALTERA A second safeguard.
Plate XVIII. p. 193. IDEM. RVTILANS ROSA SINE SPINA The red rose
without a thorn.
Plate XIX. p. 195. IACOBVS Anglias, Galliae, Scotia? et Hybernise Rex.
PRO ME si MEREOR IN ME For me if I deserve against me.
Plate XX. p. 197. IDEM. NEMO ME IMPUNE LACESSIT No one unpunished
provokes me.

.* Not in the Mirrovr of Maiatie.

 SYMEONI'S IMPRESE. 171

Plate XXI. p. 199. IACOBVS I STVARTVS Rex Scotiae. PRO LEGE ET PRO
I;KKGK For law and for people.
Plate XXII. p. 201. ROBKRTVS STVARTVS Rex Scotiae. VANITAS VANI-
TATVM ET OMNIA VANITAS Vanity of vanities, and all things vanity.
Plate XXIII. p. 207. FRIDERICVS Danise, Norvegiae, Seland. Gothor. Rex.
FEDELTA E COSA RARA Fidelity is a rare thing.
Plate XXIV. p. 209. CHRISTIERNVS SECVNDVS Danise, Norvegiae, Selandiae,
Goth. Rex. DIMICANDVM We must fight.

III. From the SENTENTIOUS EMBLEMS of Symeoni,

1560.
A very numerous class of illustrations might be obtained
from works in which the Emblems and some heraldic
badge, or coat of arms, are blended together. Two or
three examples will indicate the nature of such works ;

they are from the Italian of Gabriel Symeoni, 1509-1570,

a Florentine and an historian and of Battista Pittoni, a ;

painter and engraver, born at Vicenza, in 1508, and still

living in 1585. Their volumes are very superior to the
Mirrovr of Maiestie, but constructed on the same plan
of commemorating men of rank and of historic eminence.

LE SENTENTIOSE IMPRESE, &c. See Plate XXV.

4to Vol. 2. i6d. by 1.6; or 8.5 Eng. in. by 6.29 ; full pages 1.45 d. by

1.25 devices .81 d. by 2.04.

;

REG. a4 + 4b q4 r3=7i leaves, or 142 pages; unnumbered init. 8, num-

bered i
134 ; total, 142 pai^es.
CONTENTS (p. i), Title (2 7), "Al potentissimo et magnanimos. Eman-
uel Filiberto, Dvca di Savoie, di Ciablaye & di Agosta, Principe di Piamonte,
Conte di Brassi, di Nozza &
d'Asti, Signor di Vercelli, &c. Gabriel Symeoni
felicita continoua Salute." &
"In Lione el di xi d' Octobre M.n.uc. EvSoxia
" Tavola della
Magnum magna decent." On 4 pp. Imprese dell' autore." On
i
p.
" Nuova Impressa del 1'Avtore." On 4 pp. " Avtori allegati nel Dialog.,"
&C. ; pp. 9 124, "TETRASTICH! MORALI."

The Emblems, including the "nvova Impressa," are 127,

each with a dedication, a device, motto, and Italian stanza
of four lines. The 127 devices are beautifully executed,
and consist of an oval design and scroll within a richly-
ornamented border. The Photoliths selected are

XXV. "
LE SENTENTIOSE IMPRESE."
Plate Title-page of
Plate XXVI. p. 9. Imprese, per I DVCA ET DVCHESSA m SAVOIA.
172 WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES.
Plate XXVII. p. 19. DEL RE ET REINA DI NAVARRA.
Plate XXVIII. p. 45. IMPRESSE del Vescovo Giovio, &c. Di CARLO V.
IMPERATORE.
Plate XXIX. p. 56. De Papa Lione X.
Plate XXX. p. 127. Del 1'Alciato.

IV. From Pittoni's EMBLEMS OF PRINCES, &c.,

1566-1568.
IMPRESE DE DIVERSI PRINCIPE, DVCHI, SIGNORI, &c.
See Plate XXXI.
Large 4to Vol. 2.75 decim. by 2.03 ; or 10.82 Eng. inches by 7.99. Device
plates 2 d. by 1.62. No register nor signatures.
CONTENTS, Pt. I. M.D.LXVI. On 3 pp. a Dedication, "All' illvstre Signore
il Conte
Hippolito Porto, Condottiere di Gente d' arme della excellentissima
" Battista Pittoni. " On
Rep. Venetiana." 50 leaves as many plates.
Pt. II. M.D.LXVIII. On I p. "Al molto Magnifico et excellente S.mio
Oss. il S. Cavaliero Giulio Capri." " Di Venetia il x di
" Giugno,MDLXVlll."
Battista Pittoni." On 48 leaves as many plates.

The Impresas or Emblems are 98, each with Device

and Motto, Dedication and a Stanza by Lodovico Dolce,
well known for his Dialogo della Pittnra, 8vo, Venezia,
1557; and for his Vita di Carlo V., 4to, in Vinegia, 1567.*
Like the Mirrovr of Maiestie, Pittoni's Emblems have no
other text nor explanation. Splendid borders surround
the Emblems, which have the mottoes in their centres.
There is also a border around each dedication and its
stanza.
The following Plates have been selected :

Plate XXXI. The Title-page of Pittoni's EMBLEMS.

Plate XXXII. p. 3. De 1' Imperador Ferdinando I.
Plate XXXIII. p. 29. Del Capitan Girolamo Mathei Romano.
Plate XXXIV. p. 43. Della Reina di Francia.
Plate XXXV. p. 43. Del S. Titiano Pittore.
Plate XXXVI. Del S. Girolomo Ruscelli.

* The fine " THE

title-page of this work is one of the numerous ornaments of
CHIEF VICTORIES OF THE EMPEROR CHARLES THE FIFTH." By Sir William
Stirling-Maxwell, Bart. Large folio. London and Edinburgh, 1870.
 MIRROR OF HEROES. 173

V. From Hillaire's Mirror of Heroes. MDCXIII.

SPECVLVM HEROICVM Principis omnium temporum
Poetarum, HoMERI, &c. See Plate XXXVII.
4to Vol. 2. 02 decim. by 1.57 ; or 7.95 Eng. in. by 6. 18 ; full pages 1.65 d.

by 1.58 ; device plates .83 d. by 1.25.

REG. *4 B 04=28 leaves, unnumbered.
CONTENTS, *i Title, with Effigies of Homer. *iv, Latin, Greek, and
French Stanzas on Homer's Effigies, by Marvllvs, Henricvs Stephanvs, and
I. Ant. de Baif. *2 4 " Avsonii Bvrdegalensis Viri Con. et Poetse elegan.
ingenii Periochae (xxim) in Iliadem." *qu. Portrait and Latin stanza,
" Nobilis Vir
Isacq. Hilariq. Drris in Riviere A 1613." Sig. Bl 64. The
24 plates for the 24 chief events in the 24 books of Homer's Iliad, with a
Latin stanza of four lines to each plate. And also with Latin and French
descriptive verses below each engraving.

The Plates, finely designed and executed, are by Crispin

de Passe, and are in marked contrast with the imperfect
type and negligent printing of the letter-press. It is a col-
lection of engravings much sought for, but good copies, like
the present, are rare.
The illustrative Photoliths from this work are
Plate XXXVII. The title of the SPECULVM HEROICVM.
Plate XXXVIII. Lib. iii. Combat between Paris and Menelaus.
Plate XXXIX. Lib. vi. The conversation of Hector and Andromache.
Plate XL. Lib. xxiv. Achilles, warned by Jove, surrenders the body of
Hector.

These works, similar in title and in subject to the

Mirrovr of Maicstie, would well reward a fuller research
and a closer examination. Some of them are peculiarly rich
in artistic ornamentation, and manifest how high a place
was assigned to the adorning of books intended as well to
amuse as to instruct, and to the holding forth of worth and
dignity to the admiration of mankind. The purpose was at
times much over-wrought, and the characters selected were
not always suitable for presentation before a Mirrour of
untarnished honour yet no age of the world will betoken
;

true progress if there shall be no worship of heroes, nor

regard for those who are mighty in mental and moral
power.
174 WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES.
Thus we conclude the fac-simile Reprint of the MlRROVR
OF MAIESTIE, a production of little merit in itself, but,
from its extreme rarity, deserving a place on the shelves
of book-collectors. It has, too, some historical interest,
from representing one of the tastes and pursuits of the age
inwhich it appeared.
H. G.
 ( 175 )

GENERAL INDEX,

George, Archbishop of Can- Sir Francis, the Lord Chan-

ABBOT,
terbury, Arms and Emb. named, 9, BACON,
cellor, Arms and Emb., 10"; named,
91; Annotations on, in ; portraits, 91; Annotations on, 113; portrait,
where, 166. where, 166 ; Emb., PI. ix.
Achilles surrenders the body of Hector, Badges, or personal cognizances, M.
178; Emb., PL xl. Valerius, 99 ; Clifford, Warwick,
Admiral, the Lord, see Nottingham, Earl Richard II., &c., IOO 102.
of. Barclay's Shyp of Folys ofthe World, 1509,
yEschylus describes heraldic insignia, 98. account of, 73-4.
Aikin's Afem. of Court of James I., 91. Barkham, Dr., Display of Heraldry, 1601,
Alciat's Emblems Eng. version, 1551, attributed to him, 85.
715 ; several in Whitney, 80 ; Yates Barrihgton's Lectures on Heraldry, 100.
MS. of, 88. Bellay, Les Oeuvnes du, 76, 79 ; transla-
Alciato, 172; Emb., PL xxx. tions from, by Spenser, 79.
Ames's Antiquities of Printing, 75. Bible, True and Lyvely Portrcatures of,
Andrews, Lancelot, Bishop of Ely, Arms ISS3, 75-
and Emb., 44; Annotations on, 140; Birch's Heads of Ilhistnous Personages,
named, 91 portraits, where, 166.
; 1743, 163.
Anjou, Geoffrey of, his badge Plantage- Bidpay, or Pilpay, fables, 78.
nista, 100. Black Prince, and badge of ostrich fea-
Anne of Denmark, queen of James I., thers, doubtful if from Crescy, on his
Arms and Emb. 4 Annotations on,
, ;
tomb at Canterbury, 101.
106 109 portraits, where, 161 ; Em-
; Boleyn, Queen Anne, her device, 68.
blem of, PI. vii. Book-collector, foolish, description of, 73-
Annotations on the Armorial Bearings Boutell's Heraldry, Historical and Popu-
and Noble Personages, 97 159. lar, 100.
Armorial distinctions, the earliest, a Brandt's Narren Schyff, 1494, 73.
wolf and a dog, by Anubis and Macedo, Brooke's Cat. and Succ. of the Kings,
99- &<:. of England, 1622, 164.
Arms, assumed, 103 the bearing of,; Buckingham, Marquess of, George Vil-
allowed by law, Hen. V., 104 ; the liers, Arms and Emb., 20 Annotations
;

best test of "gentle blood," 104. on, 122 ; portraits of, where, 166.
Arms of personages in the Mirrovr, I 64. Burke's Encyclopedia of Heraldry, 100.
Arms, royal, of Scotland, 165 ; Denmark, Bylling's Five Wounds of Christ, 1400,
165 ; ducal, of Holstein, 165. 70.
Arthur, son of Henry VII., assumed the Bynneman's Translation of Vander Noot's
feather badge, 101. Theatre, 1569 Spenser's epigrams, 79.
Arundel, Earl of, Thomas Howard, Arms
and Emb., 24 Annotations on, 125
;

his fame as a collector of art, 91.

;

c ANTERBURY,
Abbot.
Archbishop of, sec
 GENERAL INDEX.
Carew, the Lord, George Carew, Arms Doni's Mondi, &c., 1552-3, 78.
and Emb., 58 Annotations on, 150.
; Dorset, Earl of, Richard Sackville, Arms
Catalogue of personages unto whom the and Emb., 32 ;
notice of, 91.
Mirrovr is appropriated, sign. A2. Dorset, Earl
of, Thomas
Sackville,
Chamberlain, the Lord, see Pembroke. Misery, Sleep, and Old Age, 67 ; extra-
Chancellor, the Lord, see Bacon. ordinary man of genius, 91; Annotations
Charles V., Emperor, Twelve Victories of, on, 132.
172 Emb., PL xxviii.
; Drawing and Limning, 1612, Peacham's,
Duke of York, Prince of Wales,
Charles, 87.
Emb. and Arms, 6 Annotations on, ; Drayton's Legends, 1596, 95 ; dedica-
109; portraits, where, 166 ; Emb., tion of his Odes, 1619, to Sir Henry
PL viii. Good ere, 95-6.
Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, Romaunt of the Dugdale's Monasticon Aug., testimony to
Rose, Emb., 65 ; Well of Love, 66. Lydgate, 72.
Chief Justices, the three lords, Arms and Dunbar's Dance of the Seven Deadly Sins
Emb., 62, 63 ; Annotations on, 154 Pride, 66.
158 ;
see Hobart, Montagu, and Tan- Dyalogjis Creaturarum, 1480, 74.
field.
Christiernus II., king of Denmark, 171 ; I., II., and III., Edward
Emb., PL xxiv. EDWARD
the Black Prince, Edward VI.,
Clarendon's Hist, of Eng., 1707, 163. their Emblems, 68, 86, 87.
Coat-armour, or coats of arms, 103. Edward IV., a faulcon in fetterlock, 100;
Cognizances of various nations, 98 ; kings, the sun in splendour, 101.
100; and nobles, 101-2. Elizabeth's badges and mottoes, 68.
"
Coke's test of gentle blood," 104. Ely, Bishop of, see Andrews.
Collier's Bibliog. and Crit. Cat. of early Emblem-books, English, previous to A. I).

Eng. Lit. on Wyrley, 80; on Willet, 1618, 65 96.

82 ; on Peacham, 87. Emblems in early English poets, 65, 66.
Colours, Emblems for Faith, Hope, Emblems, thirty-two in the Mirrovr of

Charity, 77, 78. Maiestie^ 167 ; Mottoes and Devices, 167

Combe's Theater of fine Devises, 1592, 169.
8l ; his translation from Perriere, 80. England's Eliza, 160.
Complaint of Duke of Buckingham, 160. English Sovereigns and their Emblems,
Corser, Rev. T. of Stand, his copy of
, 67-8.
Mirrovr of Maiestie, 89 ; once belonged English Nobles and Gentry, and their
to Lodge, sold for ,36, 93, p. vi. Emblems, 69.
Cromwell, Lord, his Impresas, 86. English Versions of Emblem books
Crosse, his Covert MS., about 1600, 84. Brandt's, 1509, 73 ; Dial, of Creatures,
Crusades, their effect on heraldry, 103. 74 ; Portreatures of the ivoll Bible,
Crusaders, their cognizances, 103. 1553; Images of the Old Testament,
1549 ; Storys and Prophesis, 1535 ; of
Worthy Tract of Pau- Alciat, 1551; Tryumphes of Petrarcke,
DANIELL'S
Ins louius, 1585, 77. I
56o> 75; Visions, by Spenser, 76;
Darcie, the Lord, his Arms and Emb., Worthy Tract of Patilus louhis, 77 ;
52 ;
Annotations on, 148. North's Motall Philosophic of Doni,
Denmark, kings of, Emblems, 69 ;
arms 1570; Paradin's Heroicall Devises,
of, 165. 1591, 78 ; Bynneman's Theatre, 1569,
De Strada's Symbola Div. et Hum., 1601, 79 ; Emblemes of Love, 85 ; Alciat,
67. about 1600, MS., 88.
Diodorus, his notice of military ensigns, Essex, Earl of, Robert Devereux, Arms
98. and Emb., 30; Annotations on, 131 ;
Domenichi's Ragionamento, 1556, 77. Emblems noted, 86; among "Illustrious
 GENERAL INDEX. 177

and Heroyicall Princes," 91 ; portrait, Heraldic blazonry systematized, IO2 ; of

where, 1 66. use in the Crusades, 103.
Exercise, the Gentleman's, 1612, 87. Heraldic symbolism in extensive use, 97,
98 ; of ancient adoption, 98.
Gabriel, quoted in Whit- Heraldry uses the same as Emblems, 97;
F'AERNO,
ney, 80. an organized system, as in badges, 99.
Feather badge, account of, 101. Hertford, Earl of, Edward Seymour,
Ferdinando I., Emperor, 172; Emb. ,
Arms and Emb., 28 ; Annotations on,
PI. xxxii. 129.
Fewterer's Myrrour of Chrisfs Passion, Hie, hac, hoc taceatis, saying of Edmund
161. of Langley, 101.
France, Queen of, 1 72 ;
Emb. ,
PI. Hillaire's Speculum Heroicum Homeri,
xxxiv. &>c., 1613, 173; Emb. PL Title,
Fraunce's Insigniiim, &c., 1588, 80. xxxvii. ; other Plates, xxxviii. xl.
Fredericus, king of Denmark, 171; Emb. , Hobart, Sir Henry, Lord Chief Justice
PI. xxiii. of Common Pleas, Arms and Emb.,
Fuller's Worthies praise of Wilier, 81. 62 Annotations on, 155.
;

Holland's Booke of Kings, 1618, 162;

initials of the author of the list of portraits named, 162.
G(H.),
Mirrovr,
. interpreted to be the Holland's Book of Heroes, 1620, 163.
ciphers of Sir Henry Goodere, 93, 94, Honour in its Perfection, 1624, 91.
95 5 signature also to the Reprint, 96. Howard, Thomas, see Earl of Suffolk.
Gaunt, John of, alluded to, 100. Huth's, Mr., copy of Mirrovr of Maiestie,
Giovio's Dialogo, 77. 89 ;
Poetical Miscellanies, 93.
Glassefor Gamesters, 161.
Goodere, Sir Henry, supposed author of TMPRESAS of Englishmen, 86; Sy-
the Mirrovr, 93, 94, 95, 96. _|_ meoni's Sententiose Imprese, 171 ;
Granger's Biog. Hist. of Eng., 1799, 163. Pittoni's Imprese di diversi Principi,
Green's Mirro itr for the Ladies of Eng- &c., 172.
land, 161 ; Penelope s Web, 161. Induction, the, by Thomas Sackville, 1 60.
Green's reprint of Whitney, 80.
Guguin's Mirouer historial de France, TAMES I., of England, taste for Em-
1516, 161. I blems, 70 Arms and Emb., I, 2, 3
; ;

Guillim's Display of Heraldry, 1610, 85. Annotations on, 105 Arms and ;

Mottoes, 164, 169, 170; portraits,

Dial, of Creatures where, 162, 166 ; Emblems of, PI. ii.
HASLEWOOD'S
moralysed, 1816, 74. vi. ,
xiy.,
xx.
Haye, the Lord James, Arms and Emb. , James III., of Scotland, and IV. and V.,
60 Annotations on, 152.
; Embs. 70; portraits mentioned, 165,
,

Hazlitt's, W. C. , Handbook of Early Eng. James I., cf Scotland, portrait, 165 ;

Lit. on Bynneman, 79 ; on Combe, Emb., 171, PI. xxi.

81 on Peacham, 85
; ;
on Mirrovr of Jesus the Well of grate, 70, 71.
Maiestie, 89 ; on its authorship, 93. Junius, Hadrian, Emblems in Whitney,
Hector and Andromache, conversation, 80.
173 Emb., PI. xxxix.
;

Henry I., II., IV., V., VII., and VIII., (Scotland), most extensive
of England, their Emblems,
*
67, 68, KEIR
Emblem- book library there, 75.
86. Kent, Joan of, Emb. a white hart, 100.
Henry VIII., Emb., 170; PI. xvii. and King, the, see James I., of England.
xviii. King, John, see Bishop of London.
Herald and emblematist in close alli- Knights, names and arms of, 1485
ance, 78. 1624, 69.
Q
 GENERAL INDEX.

L ANCASTER, John of,

Langley, Edmund, impress, a falcon in a

87. Mirror, Mariners, 161.
Mirror of Martyrs, 160.
Mirro tier des femmes vertueuses, 161.
fetterlock, 100. Alirroure of Gold, 159.
Leeu, Gerard, of Gouda, 74. Mirronr, Ideas, 161.
Leigh's Accidens of Armory, 1562, 79. Mirronrfor the Ladies, 161.
Leigh, Sir Henry, his Emblems, 86. Mirrour of Madness, 159.
Lennox, Duke of, Lodowick Stuart, Mirrovrfor Man, 159.
Arms and Emb., 18 Annotations on,
;
Mirrour of his Maiesties present govern-
1 20; Chamb. and Admiral of Scot- ment, 161.
land, 91 ; portrait, where, 166; Emb., Mirrovr of Mutalnlitie, 1 60.
170, PL xi. Mirrovr of Policie, 1598, 83.
Lennox, Duchess of, portrait, where, 164. Mirrovr of Princely deeds, 1 6 1 .

Leo X., 172; Emb., PL xxix. MIRROVR of MAIESTIK, 1618, Title,

Le Vasseur's Devises dcs Empereurs Ro- Dedication, and Catalogue of Names,
mains, 1 608, 67. Ai-A4; Arms and Emblems, 1-63;
Lisle, Lord Viscount, Robert Sidney, rarity of, 89 ; thirty-three coats of
Arms and Emb., 36 ; Annotations on, arms, thirty-two emblems, twelve
136; brother of Sir P. Sidney, 91. Knights of the Garter, 89 ; rank of the
Lodge's Portraits of Illust. Persons of Gt. persons, 90 ; estimate of the work, 90;
Britain notice of the Mirrovr, 92, 93 ; bishops, officers of State, and other
title, 163. nobles, 91 ; Lodge's account of the
London, Bishop of, John King, 91 ; Anns work, 92 ; Corser's copy used for this
and Emb., 41 ; Annotations on, 138 ; reprint, 93 ; authorship, 93 96.
no motto, 89; portrait, where, 166 ; Montagu, James, see Bishop of Win-
Emb., 170, PL xiv. chester.
Looking-glass for England, 161; Ireland, Montagu, Sir Henry, Lord Chief Justice
161. of King's Bench, arms, 62 ; named,
\,orenzo the Magnificent, his symbol of 91; Annotations on, 154; portrait,
Faith, Hope, Charity, 77. where, 167.
Lunettes des Princes, 1493, 162. Montgomery, Earl of, Philip Herbert,
Lydgate's Dance of Macaber, 66; account Arms and Emb., 34; Annotations on,
of, 71 ; Life and Death of Hector, 71 ; 134 ;
Amoi~vm Emblcmata, 1 608, de-
knowledge of Emblems, St. Ed- dicated to, 85 ; portrait, where, 166.
mund's banner, 72. More, Sir Thomas, Emblems by him,
72 ; their subjects, 73 86.
Daunceof, 1541, 71; Mottoes and Emblems of English Sove-
MACHABRE,
set up at St. Paul's, Henry VI. reigns, 6,7-8, 100; of the Mirrovr of
pulled down in 1549, 71. Maiestie, 167-8; from the Minerva Bri-
Magistrates, Mirror of, Lord Sackville's tanna, 169 from Selectorvtn Symbolo-
;

description of Misery, &c. 67. , riim, 170; from Symeone's /;;//;*, 171 ;
Mary, Queen, her emblems, 68. from Pittoni's Imprest, 172 from Hil- ;

Meres' Wits Commonwealth, names se- laire's Spectilvm Heroicvm, 1 73.

veral emblematists, 81. Myrror, Christall, or Penelope's Web, 161.
Miror des esc o Hers, 161. Myrrovr of Chrisfs Passion, 161.
Mirouer historial de France, 161. Myrrour ofgood Matters, 1516, 74-
Mirour of Monsters, 160. Myrronr of the Worlde, 161.
Mirovrfor Magistrates, 160.
Mirrhor, metefor all Mothers, &>c., 160. King and Queen of,
Mirror great variety of works with this NAVARRE,
172; Emb., PL xxvii.
title, 159-161. Neugebaverus, his Select. Symbolorvm
Mirror of Magistrates, 67. Heroicvm, 1619, 67 69 ;
Illustrative
 GENERAL INDEX. 179

Plates from, namely PI. xvi., xvii., xviii., Portraits named in Ornamental Heraldry,
xix., xx., xxi., xxii., xxiii., and xxiv. 165.
North's Moratt Philosophic of Doni, 1570, Portraits of personages in Mirrovr of
7 8. Maiestie, where found, 166.
Northampton, Earl of, Henry Howard, Prince, the, see Charles I.
170; Emb., PI. x. Privy seal, the, see Worcester, Earl of.
Nottingham, Earl of, Charles Howard,
Arms and Emb., Lord Admiral, 16, r\UADRIN\S Hist, de la Bible, and
91 Annotations on, 119 ; Winter
;

Ni^hfs Vision, 160 ; portrait, where,

^ Eng. version, 1553, 75.
Anne
Queen, the, see of Denmark.
166.

OLD TESTAMENT,
1549, 75-
the Images of, K
T) EUSNER,
Richard II.,
an Emblematist,

Emblem and Motto, 68;

81.

Ormond, courageous, Lisle and Say, 87. favourite badge, a white hart, 100.
Robert Stuart, 171 Emb., PL ;
xxii.
Devises heroiques, 1557, Romano, Captain G. M., 172 ; Emb.,
PARADIN'S translated into Eng., 1591, 78; in PL xxxiii.

Whitney, 80. Ruscelli's Discorso, 1556, 77 '> Imprese

Paris and Menelaus, combat between, illustre, 77; Pittoni's Emb. of, 172,
173 ; Emb., PL xxxviii. PL xxxvi.
Parker's Trytimphcs of Fraunces Pe-
trarcke, 1560, 75. (P.), Heroic all De^nses, 1591, 78.
Peacham's Minerva Britanna, testimony s.
to Eng. emblems, 69, 70, 86 various ; Sackville, Richard and Thomas, see
works of his, 8688 plates illustrative ; Dorset, Earl of.
of the Mirrovr of Maiestie, from Mi- Sambucus, Emblematist, in Whitney,
nerva Britanna, list of, 169, 170, PL i. 80, 81.
Title, and ii. to xv. inclusive. Savoy, Duke and Duchess of, 171 ; Emb.,
Pembroke, Earl of, William Herbert, PL xxvi.
Lord Chamberlain ; Arms and Emb.,
'

Say, named, 87.

22, 91 ; Annotations on, 124; Amorvm Scotland, Kings of Emblems named,
Emblemata, 1608, dedicated to, 85 ; 69; given in PL xix. xxii. ; Arms of,
portrait, where, 166 ; Emb., 170, named, 165; Arms impaled with those
Plate xii. of Denmark, 165.
Penelopes Web, 161. Scotland, Lawes and Actes of Parl. of,
Pergaminus, N., author of Dyalogns 1597, 1 66.
CREATURARUM, 141)1 cent., 74. Sendebar, Parables of, 78.
Perriere's Theatre des bons Engins, I539> Seymour, Edward, see Hertford, Earl of.

fragment of a transl., 75; Were Combe's Shakespeare's allusions to cognizances,

Emblems from this? 81. IOI, IO2.
Personal heraldic signs or cognizances, 99. Shield, embellished, 98.
Petrarcha, Gli Trinmphi del, 150x3, trans- Sidney, Sir P., Covnlessc of Pembroke's
lated into English 1560, 75 ; Visions, Arcadia shows knowledge of emblems,
7 6. 69 ; see also 77, 86, 91.
Phoenix, the, from Petrarch, 76. Southampton, Earl of, Henry Wriothes-
Pilpay, or Bidpay, fables of, 78. ley, Arms and Emb., 26 Annotations ;

Pittoni's Imprcse di Diversi Principi, &c. , on, 128; Shakespeare's friend, 91;
172 ; title, PI. xxxi. account of, by Lodge, 92 portraits, ;

Plantagenisla, emblem of humility, borne where, 1 66 Emb., 170, PL xiii.

;

by Geoffrey of Anjou, 100 ; whence Spectacle for Perjurers, 161.

Plantagenets, 100. Speght's Worlus of Chaucer, 1598, 71.
i So GENERAL INDEX.
Spenser's Visions, Calender, &c., 76 Watson's Shyppeof Fooles, 1509, 73.
79- Wentworth, the Lord, Arms and Emb.,
Stanhope, the Lord John, Arms and 50 Annotations on, '144.
;

Emb., 56 ; Annotations on, 149. Whitney's Emblemes, 1586, 79 the re- ;

Steuarta, Elisabetha, anagram, Has contains Willet's first emblem,

print
Artes beata valet, 86. 80-82 ; Crosse's Covert, 84.
Stirling-Maxwell, Sir William, Bart., his Willet's Sacrorvm Emb. Cent, vna, 81 ;
Chief Victories of the Emperor Charles acrostic and quotation, 82.
the Fifth, 69,72 ; possesses a relic of
1 William I. of England, Emb. and Motto,
Combe's Emb., 81 ; Ornamental He- 67.
raldry, 165. See Keir. Winchester, Bishop of, Montagu, James,
Storys and Prophesis, 1535, 75. Arms and Emb. 42 , ; named, 91 An- ;

Stuart, Lodowick, see Lennox, Duke of. notations on, 139 ; portrait, where,
Suffolk, Earl of, Thomas Howard, the 1 66.
Lord Treasurer, Arms and Emb., J2; Windsor, the Lord, Amis and Emb. , 48 ;
named, 91 Annotations on, 115 166.
;
Annotations on, 143.
Symeoni's Sententiose Imprese, 1560, 171; Winter-nighf s Vision, 160.
Title, PI. xxv. ; other PI. xxvi. xxx. Worcester. Earl of, Edward Somerset,
Lord Privy Seal, Arms and Emb., 14,
HTANFIELD, Sir Laurence, Lord 91 ;
Arms and Annotations
on, 117;
J. Chief Baron of the Exchequer where, 166.
portrait,
Arms, 62, 63 ; Annotations on, 157. Wotton, the Lord, Arms and Emb. 54 ; ,

Theatre des bans Engins, see Perriere. Annotations on, 149; Emb., 171, PI.
Titian, Painter, 172; Emb., PI. xxxv. xv.
Treasurer, the Lord, see Suffolk, Earl of. Wrathesley, Henry, see Southampton,
Earl of.
Otho, his Amorum Emble- Wyatt's Turns of Fortune, 66.
VyENIUS,
mata, Lat. , It., and Eng. verses, Wyrley's Tnie Vse of Armorie, 1592,
1608, 85. 80.
Vander Noot's Theatre, <S-v., 1568, Eng.
version, 1569, 79- "\ 7ATES, J. B.,onFraunce's Insignia,
Villiers, George, see Buckingham. I 80; MS. of Eng. Transl. of Alciat,
88.
T 7 ALES, Prince of, and feather Yorke's Vnion of Honovr, 1640, 164.
VV badge, 101.
the Lord, Arms and Emb.,
Wallingford, the Lord Viscount, William
Knolles, Arms and Emb., 38
tations on, 137 ; portrait, where,
;
Anno-
1 66.
z OUCH, 46 ;
Annotations on, 141.

\\'yman &> Sons, Printers, Great Queen Street, London, W.C.

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