Mathematics 9

Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 1
Introduction to Variations
Mathematics – Grade 9
Quarter 2 – Self-Learning Module 1: Introduction to Variations
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Rochelle B. Laranang
Editor: Cristina DC. Prado
Reviewer (Language): Ma. Cynthia P. Badana, Ma. Victoria Peñalosa
(Technical): Glady O. Dela Cruz
Illustrator: Edison P. Clet
Layout Artist: Anthony G. Fijo , Clifchard D. Valente
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. Alfonso EdD
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS /ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
Mathematics 9
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 1
Introduction to Variations
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics 9 Self-Learning Module on Introduction to

Variations!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in this module.
For the Learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics 9 Self-Learning Module on Introduction to

Variations!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

1. Identify the types of variation illustrated in different situations

2. Translate mathematical statements to mathematical equations involving
different types of variations
3. Give real life examples of variations.

PRETEST
Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.

1) What type of variation exists between the number of people going outside and the
rate of transmission of the COVID-19 virus?
A. Direct Variation C. Joint Variation
B. Inverse Variation D. Combined Variation

2) Michael is planning to repaint his house, but he wanted to finish the job the
soonest time possible. He contacted his friends Russel and Angelo to help him
with the repainting. What type of variation exists in this situation?
A. Direct Variation C. Joint Variation
B. Inverse Variation D. Combined Variation

3) What type of variation is present in the formula when solving for the volume of a
1
pyramid (𝑉 = 𝐵ℎ)?
3
A. Direct Variation C. Joint Variation
B. Inverse Variation D. Combined Variation

4) How will you translate the statement “the cost (c) of meat varies directly as the
number (n) of kilos bought” into an equation with k as constant of variation?
𝑘 𝑘
A. 𝑛 = C. 𝑐 =
𝑐 𝑛
B. n = kc D. c = kn

5) Which of the following is the correct translation of the statement “w varies directly
as x and y and inversely as z” where k as constant of variation?
𝑘𝑥𝑧 𝑘𝑥𝑦
A. 𝑤 = C. 𝑤 =
𝑦 𝑧
𝑘𝑥 𝑘𝑥𝑦
B. 𝑤 = D. 𝑤 =
𝑦𝑧 𝑧
 RECAP

Can you still recall how to translate mathematical statement into

mathematical equation? What terminologies are used for addition? Subtraction?
Multiplication? Division?

Directions: Translate the following mathematical statements into mathematical

equations:

1. A number p added to twenty is thirty.

2. The product of five and n is equal to fifteen.
3. Nine less than y is equal to seven.
4. The quotient of x and seven is three.
5. Two multiplied by r added to six is equal to eighteen.

LESSON

You may have noticed in many equations in mathematics the idea that two
variables may be related to each other in such a way that when one quantity
increases or decreases, the other quantity also increases or decreases. In some
situations, you may have noticed that as one quantity increases, the second quantity
decreases or vice versa. Such changes in variable parameters are called variations.
There are four types of variations namely: direct variation, inverse variation, joint
variation and combined variation.

Direct Variation
Direct variation exists whenever the ratio
between two quantities is a nonzero constant. This
means, as one quantity increases the other quantity
also increases. Similarly, as one quantity decreases, the
other quantity also decreases. The statement “y varies (References: Wikimedia Commons. Accessed June 13, 2020.
𝑦 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HK_Central_結志
directly as x” may be written as y = kx or k = where 街_Gage_Street_market_雞蛋_Chicken_n_鴨蛋
𝑥 _Duck_Eggs_on_sale_March-2012.jpg; Free Images & Free

k is the constant of variation. Stock Photos. Accessed June

https://pxhere.com/en/photo/661869.
13, 2020.

Examples:
𝑎
1. “a varies directly as b” can be written as a = kb or k =
𝑏
2. “the cost (c) of egg varies directly as the number (n) of pieces bought” can be
𝑐
written as c = kn or k =
𝑛
 3. “the distance (d) covered by a car is directly proportional to the time (t) it
𝑑
travels” can be written as d = kt or k =
𝑡
Inverse Variation

(References: Wikimedia Commons. Accessed June 16, 2020. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Electronics_factory_ in_Shenzhen.jpg; Wallpaper Flare. Accessed June 16, 2020.
https://www.wallpaperflare.com/gardener-nursery-plant-seed-flowerpot-sowing-in-a-row-wallpaper-gcvvp; Wikimedia Commons. Accessed June 16, 2020.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:People_eating_pizza_at_BarCamp_London.jpg.)

Inverse variation happens whenever the situation produces two quantities

whose product is a nonzero constant. It is described as one quantity increases, the
other quantity decreases or as one quantity decreases, the other quantity increases.
𝑘
The statement “y varies inversely as x” may be written as y = or equivalently,
𝑥
xy = k where k is the constant of variation.

Examples:
𝑘
1. “r varies inversely as s” can be written as r = or rs = k
𝑠
2. “the numbers (n) of workers and the amount of time (t) to finish the work” can
𝑘
be written as n = or nt = k
𝑡
3. “the force (F) of attraction between two opposite electrical charges varies
inversely as the square of the distance (d) between them” can be written as F
𝑘
= or Fd2 = k
𝑑2

Joint Variation
Joint variation takes place when one quantity varies
directly as the product of two or more quantities. In symbols,
“y varies jointly as x and z” may be written as y = kxz where k is
the constant of variation and x ≠ 0 and z ≠ 0.

Examples:

1. “m varies jointly as n and p” can be written as m = knp

2. “Area (A) of a rectangle varies jointly as its base (b) and height (h)” can be
written as A = kbh
3. “Volume (V) of a rectangular prism varies jointly as the base (b), height (h) and
width (w)” can be written as V = kbhw
Combined Variation
Combined variations occur when one quantity varies
either directly or jointly as the other quantities and inversely
as the other quantities. In symbols, “y varies directly as x
𝑘𝑥
and inversely as z” may be written as y = where k is the
𝑧 (Reference: Free Stock Photos.Pexels. Accessed June
14, 2020. https://www.pexels.com/photo/white-and-
constant of variation and z ≠ 0. grey-car-speedometer-gauge-on-0-miles-per-hour-
166681)

Examples:
𝑘𝑓𝑔
1. “e varies jointly as f and g and inversely as h” can be written as e =
ℎ
2. “the velocity (v) of a car varies directly with the distance (d) and inversely as
𝑘𝑑
the time (t)” can be written as v =
𝑡
3. “the time (t) it takes to construct a building varies directly as the height (h) of
the building and inversely as the number (n) of workers” can be written as
𝑘ℎ
t=
𝑛

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!

Directions: Determine whether each equation or situation represents direct, inverse,
joint or combined variation.
1
1) 𝐴 = 𝑏ℎ
2
2) V = s3
𝐺𝑚1 𝑚2
3) 𝐹 =
𝑟2
𝑑
4) 𝑠 =
𝑡
5) The area of a circle and the length of its radius.
6) The expenses and savings of a person with fixed income.
7) The formula for the volume of a pyramid.
8) The speed of a car and the length of time needed to reach the destination.
9) The length of a film and the time spent watching it.
10) The pressure of a gas varies directly as its temperature and inversely as its
volume.
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!
Directions: Express each of the following statements into an equation where k is the
constant of variation.

1) The amount (A) to pay in electric bill varies directly as the kilowatt-hours
consumed (c).
2) The number (n) of passengers in a jeep varies inversely as the space (s)
between them.
3) The electrical resistance (R) of a wire varies directly as its length (l) and
inversely as the square of its diameter (d).
4) The area (A) of a parallelogram varies jointly as the base (b) and height (h).
5) The number of teachers (t) needed in a school varies directly as the number
of students (s) enrolled.

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!

Directions: Give at least three (3) mathematical statements involving any types of
variation happening in your:

a. Home
b. Community
c. School

WRAP-UP

What are the four types of variation? How will you determine whether the given
equation or situation is a representation of direct, inverse, joint or combined
variation? What are the things we must remember about each type of variation?

VALUING

The saying “less is more” has been used in many conversations and
advertisements since 1855 and up until these days. How do you interpret this
saying? If “less is more”, then can we also say that “more is less”? Write your answer
in your notebook.
 POSTTEST

Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.

1) A planet’s orbital speed depends on its distance from the sun. Planets closer to
the sun have faster orbital speed compared to planets farther from the sun. What
type of variation is described in this situation?
A. Direct Variation C. Joint Variation
B. Inverse Variation D. Combined Variation

2) In a certain store, a surgical mask is sold at 25 pesos each. Michelle bought 10

pieces of surgical masks and paid 250 pesos. What type of variation exists in this
situation?
A. Direct Variation C. Joint Variation
B. Inverse Variation D. Combined Variation

3) What type of variation is applied when solving for the volume of a

rectangular prism (𝑉 = 𝑙𝑤ℎ)?
A. Direct Variation C. Joint Variation
B. Inverse Variation D. Combined Variation

4) How do you write the statement “the number (n) of workers varies inversely as the
time (t) needed to finish the job?” into an equation where k as constant of
variation?
𝑘
A. n = kt C. 𝑛 =
𝑡
𝑘
B. t = kn D. 𝑡 =
𝑛

5) Which of the following equation is the correct translation of the statement

“p varies jointly as q and r” where k as constant of variation?
A. q = kpr C. k = pqr
B. r = kpq D. p = kqr
POSTTEST
1) B 2) A 3) C 4) C 5) D
ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!
(Answers may vary from one student to another)
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!
1) A = kc 4) A = kbh
𝑘
2) 𝑛 = 5) t = ks
𝑠
𝑘𝑙
3) 𝑅 =
𝑑2
ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!
1) Joint Variation 6) Inverse Variation
2) Direct Variation 7) Joint Variation
3) Combined Variation 8) Inverse Variation
4) Combined Variation 9) Direct Variation
5) Direct Variation 10) Combined Variation
RECAP
1) p + 20 = 30 4) x ÷ 7 = 3
2) 5n = 15 5) 2r + 6 = 18
3) y – 9 = 7
PRETEST
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) C
KEY TO CORRECTION
 References

BOOKS:

Bryant, Merden L., Bulalayao, Leonides E., Callanta, Melvin M., Cruz, Jerry D., De
Vera, Richard F., Garcia, Gilda T. and Javier, Sonia E., et. al. Mathematics
Grade 9 Learner’s Material. First Edition. Pasig City: Department of
Education, 2014.

Diaz, Zenaida B., Mojica, Maharlika P., Suzara, Josephine L., Mercado, Jesus P.,
Esparrago, Mirla S. and Reyes, Nestor Jr. V. Next Century Mathematics 9.
Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2014.

Dilao, Soledad Jose and Bernabe, Julieta G. Intermediate Algebra Textbook for
Second Year. Pilot Edition. Quezon City: JTW Corporation, 2002.

Oronce, Orlando A. and Mendoza, Marilyn O. E-Math 9. Revised Edition. Manila: Rex
Book Store Inc., 2015.

ONLINE RESOURCES:

Free Images & Free Stock Photos.2020, https://pxhere.com/en/photo/661869.

(Accessed June 13, 2020).

Free Stock Photos.Pexels. 2020, https://www.pexels.com/photo/white-and-grey-

car-speedometer-gauge-on-0-miles-per-hour-166681. (Accessed June 14,
2020).

Wallpaper Flare. 2020, https://www.wallpaperflare.com/gardener-nursery-plant-

seed-flowerpot-sowing-in-a-row-wallpaper-gcvvp. (Accessed June 16,
2020).

Wikimedia Commons. 2020, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/

File:Electronics_factory_in_Shenzhen.jpg. (Accessed June 16, 2020).

Wikimedia Commons. 2020, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/

File:HK_Central_結志街_Gage_Street_market_雞蛋_Chicken_n_鴨蛋
_Duck_Eggs_on_sale_March-2012.jpg. (Accessed June 13, 2020).

Wikimedia Commons. 2020, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/

File:People_eating_pizza_at_BarCamp_London.jpg. (Accessed June 16,
2020).