Bicol RDP 2017-2022 Midterm Update - Final

Table of Contents
List of Tables and Figures vii
Messages xv
Preface xix
Part I Introduction
Chapter 1 The Long View 5
Chapter 2 Global Regional Trends and Prospects 11
Chapter 3 Overlay of Economic Growth, Demographic Trends, and 17

Physical Characteristics
Chapter 4 Bicol Regional Development Plan 2017-2022 Overall 37

Framework
Part II Enhancing Social Fabric (“Malasakit”)
Chapter 5 Ensuring People-Centered, Clean and Efficient Governance 47
Chapter 6 Pursuing Swift and Fair Administration of Justice 57
Chapter 7 Promoting Philippine Culture and Values 67
Part III Inequality-Reducing Transformation (“Pagbabago”)
Chapter 8 Expanding Economic Opportunities in Agriculture and 81

Fisheries
Chapter 9 Expanding Economic Opportunities in Industry and 97

Services through Trabaho at Negosyo
Chapter 10 Accelerating Human Capital Development 111

Chapter 11 Reducing Vulnerability of Individuals and Families 129
Chapter 12 Building Safe and Secure Communities 143
Part IV Increasing Growth Potential (“Patuloy na Pag-unlad”)
Chapter 13 Reaching for the Demographic Dividend 157
Chapter 14 Vigorously Advancing Science, Technology and Innovation 169
Part V Enabling and Supportive Economic Development
Chapter 15 Ensuring Sound Macroeconomic Policy 181
Chapter 16 Leveling the Playing Field 191
Part VI Foundations for Sustainable Development
Chapter 17 Attaining Just and Lasting Peace 203
Chapter 18 Ensuring Security, Public Order and safety 213
Chapter 19 Accelerating Infrastructure Development 223
Chapter 20 Ensuring Ecological Integrity, Clean and Healthy 249

Environment
Chapter 21 Ensuring Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration 265
Part VII From Plan to Action
Chapter 22 Plan Implementation and Monitoring 279
List of Acronyms 284
Planning Committees 298

List of Tables and Figures
Chapter 3 Overlay of Economic Growth, Demographic Trends,
and Physical Characteristics
Table 3.1 GRDP by Industrial Origin: 2016-2018, Bicol Region in 19

Thousand Pesos, at Constant 2000 Prices
Table 3.2 GRDP Growth Rates by Sector/Sub-Sector: 2016-2018, 20

Bicol Region in Percent, at constant 2000 Prices
Table 3.3 Population Distribution, Bicol Region by Province, Census 22

Year 1995-2015
Table 3.4 Land Area by Province, Bicol Region, in Hectares 25
Table 3.5 Urban/Growth Centers in the Hierarchy of Settlements by 31

Province, Bicol Region
Figure 3.1 GRDP: 2015-2018, Bicol Region in Billion Pesos, at 17

Constant 2000 Prices
Figure 3.2 Regional Growth Rates: 2017-2018, Philippines in Percent, 18

at Constant 2000 Prices
Figure 3.3 Per Capita GRDP: 2016-2018, Bicol Region in Pesos, at 19

Constant 2000 Prices
Figure 3.4 Population Distribution, Bicol Region Census Year 2015 21
Figure 3.5 Population Distribution, Bicol Region by Province, Census 22

Year 1995-2015
Figure 3.6 Land Area and Population Density by Province, Bicol 23

Region Census Year 2015
Figure 3.7 Map of the Bicol Region 24
Figure 3.8 Land Use Map, Bicol Region: 2013 26
List of Tables and Figures | vii

Figure 3.9 Climate Map, Bicol Region 27
Figure 3.10 Volcanoes, Fault Lines and Tsunami Prone Areas, Bicol 28
Region
Chapter 4 Bicol Regional Development Plan 2017-2022 Overall

Framework
Figure 4.1 Bicol RDP 2017-2022 Overall Framework 37
Chapter 5 Ensuring People-Centered, Clean and Efficient

Governance
Table 5.1 Legislative Agenda to Ensure People Centered, Clean and 53

Efficient Governance
Figure 5.1 Strategic Framework to Ensure People-Centered, Clean, 50

Efficient, and Effective Governance.
Chapter 6 Pursuing Swift and Fair Administration of Justice
Table 6.1 Legislative Agenda to Pursue Swift and Fair 63

Administration of Justice
Figure 6.1 Strategic Framework to Pursue Swift and Fair 60

Administration of Justice, 2017-2022
Chapter 7 Promoting Philippine Culture and Values
Table 7.1 Legislative Agenda to Promote Culture and Values 75
Figure 7.1 Strategic Framework for Promoting Philippine Culture and 72

Values, 2017-2022
Chapter 8 Expanding Economic Opportunities in Agriculture and

Fisheries
Table 8.1 Legislative Agenda to Expand Economic Opportunities in 93

Agriculture and Fisheries
viii | Regional Development Plan Midterm Update 2017-2022

Figure 8.1 Production of Major Crops, Bicol Region: 2016-2018 82
Figure 8.2 Production of Other Major Crops, Bicol Region: 2016-2018 82
Figure 8.3 Livestock and Poultry Production, Bicol Region: 83

2016-2018
Figure 8.4 Fisheries Production, Bicol Region: 2016-2018 84
Figure 8.5 Strategic Framework to Expand Economic Opportunities 87

in Agriculture and Fisheries
Chapter 9 Expanding Economic Opportunities in Industry and

Services through Trabaho at Negosyo
Table 9.1 Growth rates by major industry/sub- industry: Bicol 98

Region at Constant 2000 Prices, in percent, 2016-2017
and 2017-2018
Table 9.2 Comparative Status of Small Scale Mining Camarines 98

Norte and Masbate, Bicol Region: 2017 and 2019
Table 9.3 Legislative Agenda to Expand Economic Opportunities in 107

Industry and Services Through Trabaho at Negosyo
Figure 9.1 Strategic Framework to Expand Economic Opportunities 104

in Industry and Services through Trabaho at Negosyo,
2017-2022
Chapter 10 Accelerating Human Capital Development
Table 10.1 Number of Health Workers under the Human Resource for 113
Health Program
Table 10.2 Number of Children Enrolled, SY 2017-2019, Bicol Region 114
Table 10.3 Number of Grantees, Assistance to Students and 116

Teachers in Private and Non-DepEd Public Schools
Program, 2018
Table 10.4 Legislative Agenda to Accelerate Human Capital 124

Development
List of Tables and Figures | ix

Figure 10.1 Annual Labor and Employment Estimates, Bicol Region, 118
2017 and 2018
Figure 10.2 Strategic Framework to Accelerate Human Capital 121

Development, 2017-2022
Chapter 11 Reducing Vulnerability of Individuals and Families
Table 11.1 Income Gap, Poverty Gap, and Severity of Poverty, Bicol 130
Region: 2015 and 2018
Table 11.2 Legislative Agenda to Reduce Vulnerability of Individuals 139

and Families
Figure 11.1 Poverty and Subsistence Incidence in the Bicol Region, 130
2015 and 2018
Figure 11.2 Strategic Framework for Reducing Vulnerability of 136

Individuals and Families, 2017-2022
Chapter 12 Building Safe and Secure Communities
Table 12.1 Housing Program Targets and Actual Accomplishments, 146

2017-2019
Table 12.2 Legislative Agenda to Build Safe and Secure Communities 152
Figure 12.1 Strategic Framework for Building Safe and Secure 148
Communities, 2017-2022
Chapter 13 Reaching for the Demographic Dividend
Table 13.1 Legislative Agenda to Maximize Demographic Dividend, 165

2017-2022
Figure 13.1 Population Pyramid, Bicol Region, 2015 158
Figure 13.2 Teenage Pregnancy and Motherhood by Region, 2017 159

(percentage of women age 15 to 19 who have begun
childbearing)
x | Regional Development Plan Midterm Update 2017-2022

Figure 13.3 Unmet Need by region, 2017 (percentage of currently 159
married women aged 15 to 49 with unmet need for family
planning)
Figure 13.4 Strategic Framework to Reach for the Demographic 163

Dividend, 2017-2022
Chapter 14 Vigorously Advancing Science, Technology and

Innovation
Table 14.1 Legislative Agenda to Vigorously Advance Science, 175

Technology and Innovation
Figure 14.1 Strategic Framework on Vigorously Advancing Science, 173

Technology and Innovation, 2017-2022
Chapter 15 Ensuring Sound Macroeconomic Policy
Table 15.1 Legislative Agenda to Ensure a Sound Macroeconomic 188

Policy
Figure 15.1 Inflation Rate , Bicol Region, 2017 and 2018 182
Figure 15.2 Strategic Framework to Ensure Sound Strategic 185

Macroeconomic Policy, 2017-2022
Chapter 16 Leveling the Playing Field
Table 16.1 2018 Global Competitiveness Index Rankings of ASEAN 192

Member States
Table 16.2 Legislative Agenda to Level the Playing Field through a 198
National Competition Policy
Figure 16.1 Strategic Framework to Level the Playing Field 195
Chapter 17 Attaining Just and Lasting Peace
Table 17.1 Legislative Agenda to Attain Just and Lasting Peace 210
List of Tables and Figures | xi

Figure 17.1 Strategic Framework to Attain Just and Lasting Peace 207
Chapter 18 Ensuring Security, Public Order and safety
Table 18.1 Legislative Agenda to Ensure Security, Public Order and 220
Safety
Figure 18.1 Strategic Framework to Ensure Security, Public Order and 217
Safety, 2017-2022
Chapter 19 Accelerating Infrastructure Development
Table 19.1 Length of Paved National Roads (Concrete and Asphalt) 224
in Poor and Bad Condition and Unpaved National Roads
(Earth and Gravel Roads) by Province: 2018
Table 19.2 Commercial Aircraft Movement (Incoming and Outgoing), 227

by Airport, Bicol Region: 2016-2018
Table 19.3 Passenger Movement, by Airport, Bicol Region: 2016-2018 227
Table 19.4 Cargoes Movement (kg), by Airport, Bicol Region: 228

2016-2018
Table 19.5 Number and Percentage of Sitios and Household 234

Connections by Electric Cooperative, Bicol Region:
November 2018
Table 19.6 Number of Cellular Sites, Bicol Region: CY 2016-2018 235
Table 19.7 Telephone Connections, Bicol Region: CY 2017 237
Table 19.8 Number of Classrooms Allocated and Constructed under 237

the Basic Education Facilities Fund, Bicol Region: 2016-
2018
Table 19.9 Number of Public and Private Schools, School Year, Bicol 238
Region: 2018-2019
Table 19.10 Health Facilities, Bicol Region: 2016-2018 239
xii | Regional Development Plan Midterm Update 2017-2022

Table 19.11 Housing Program Accomplishments, Bicol Region: 239
2017-2018
Table 19.12 Legislative Agenda to Accelerate Infrastructure 246

Development
Figure 19.1 Distribution of National Roads, by Classification, 224

Bicol Region: October 15, 2018
Figure 19.2 Distribution of Paved National Roads, by Road Condition 224

Bicol Region: October 15, 2018
Figure 19.3 Transport Connectivity and Linkages in Bicol Region 225
Figure 19.4 Map of Cell Site Coverage 236
Figure 19.5 Strategic Framework to Accelerate Infrastructure 241

Development
Chapter 20 Ensuring Ecological Integrity, Clean and Healthy

Environment
Table 20.1 Legislative Agenda to Ensure Ecological Integrity, Clean 261

and Healthy Environment
Figure 20.1 Strategic Framework to Ensure Ecological Integrity, Clean 255

and Healthy Environment, 2017-2022
Chapter 21 Ensuring Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration
Table 21.1 Number of Clients Served by Province, 2018-June 2019 266
Table 21.2 Clients Served per Category, 2018-June 2019 266
Table 21.3 Number of Bicolano Beneficiaries Served, OFW 268

Reintegration Programs, 2017 and 2018
Table 21.4 Targets for Ensuring Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration 271
Table 21.5 Legislative Agenda to Ensure Safe, Orderly, and Regular 274
Migration
List of Tables and Figures | xiii

Figure 21.1 Number of Registered Emigrants by Province of Origin in 265
the Bicol Region, 1988-2018
Figure 21.2 Number of Deployed New Hires by Province of Origin in 265

the Bicol Region, 2015-2017
Figure 21.3 Strategic Framework for Ensuring Safe, Orderly, and 270
Regular Migration, 2017-2022
xiv | Regional Development Plan Midterm Update 2017-2022

Message
As we embarked on this journey towards real
and pivotal change for our country, one of
the commitments of this Administration is to
reduce inequality and spread economic growth
and development to the regions. Being the first
medium-term development plan geared to
the realization of AmBisyon Natin 2040 or the
Filipino people’s collective aspiration for self
and the country by 2040, the Philippine
Development Plan (PDP) 2017-2022
has been instrumental in laying the
necessary foundations for inclusive
growth and sustainable development.
Acknowledging that key to a growth that leaves no one behind regardless of
one’s location, the PDP 2017-2022 is the first development plan
to have a dedicated chapter on the National Spatial Strategy (NSS). The NSS
banks on three core strategies: regional agglomeration; connectivity
and; vulnerability reduction to ensure that all regions have
access to basic services and to development opportunities.
These strategies are likewise reflected in the Regional Development Plans (RDPs).
These Plans highlight their respective region’s comparative advantage and
identify possible areas of collaboration among neighboring regions. Three years
into the Plan’s implementation, we have witnessed significant strides in regional
development. Increasingly, big-ticket infrastructure projects covering various
sectors are being distributed among the regions. Apart from improving connectivity
in areas where these projects are located, these have likewise facilitated access
to better services and created economic opportunities for private sector
investors and individuals in terms of doing business and securing employment.
These developments, coupled with an enabling environment provided by the

passage of key legislations in line with the priorities of the PDP 2017-2022 (i.e.,
Universal Health Care Law, Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act, and
Ease of Doing Business and Efficient Government Service Delivery Act to name a
few), we have empowered more Filipinos, most especially those from the regions,
to be engaged in and benefit from the country’s expanding economic activities.
These key reforms and programs are just the first steps needed in our journey
towards AmBisyon Natin 2040. Moving on to the last few years of the Plan’s
implementation period, the Regional Development Councils (RDCs) through the
NEDA Regional Offices, in close coordination with government agencies and
Messages | xv
private sector representatives, assessed the gains and
recalibrated the strategies to ensure that these are responsive
to current and emerging challenges that the regions are facing.
For the rest of the Plan period, NEDA remains committed to pursuing more
meaningful reforms and programs for the people, while keeping regional
development at the center of our economic growth strategy. With the updated
RDPs, we hope to introduce policies and programs for the creation of more
and better jobs, improvement of social services, innovative activities, and the
rollout of infrastructure projects connecting the countryside to growth centers.
To ensure the fruition of our efforts, once again I urge the regions, through the RDCs,
to continue to steer the course in the next three years to realize our goal of laying
a solid foundation for a stronger and more resilient nation for future generations.
ERNESTO M. PERNIA, PhD

Secretary of Socioeconomic Planning
(June 2016 - April 2020)
xvi | Regional Development Plan Midterm Update 2017-2022

Message
Updating the Bicol Regional Development Plan
2017-2022, during my first year as the RDC
Chairperson, grants me the opportunity to start
afresh with my mandate. It is an opportunity
to reprioritize programs and projects to meet
the targets of the region. It is an opportunity
to modify strategies to serve the needs of the
Bicolanos. It is an opportunity to realign policies
with the directives of the Duterte administration
and be competitive in the international arena.
In the first three years of implementing the RDP, notable accomplishments and
substantial progress have been achieved. The region continued to be one of the
regions with the fastest growth rate in terms of gross regional domestic product
(GRDP). In 2018, the Bicol region’s economic growth accelerated to 8.9 percent
from 5.5 and 5.0 percent in 2016 and 2017, respectively. This was sustained by
the implementation of the Build Build Build Program of the government which
increased the construction and improvement of access roads by 70 percent
providing better access to trade and tourism specifically through the Tourism Road
Infrastructure Program (TRIP), housing programs, Kapit Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan-
Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services or KALAHI-CIDS; Payapa
at Masaganang Pamayanan or PAMANA program; and, Bicol International Airport.
Other significant accomplishments include the reduced crime volume and

improvement in crime solution efficiency, increased participation of LGUs
in the Cities and Municipalities Competitive Index and compliance to full
disclosure policy, enhanced access to civil and criminal justice systems
resulted in a higher case disposition rate, timely release of qualified persons
deprived of liberty, and increase in the average rate of resolved human rights
cases, and increased resilience to disasters and climate change by developing
and adopting climate smart farming practices, establishment of sanctuaries,
and planting of mangrove propagules. Through an RDC resolution, the region
expressed support in the conservation of historical and cultural properties,
while improving micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and the tourism
industry as significant drivers in expanding economic opportunities and job
creation remained to be the priorities for the industry and services sectors.
We will continue to build on the achievements under the able leadership of my

predecessor, Governor Al Francis C. Bichara. During his term, he aggressively
Messages | xvii
pursued the implementation of priority infrastructure projects, such
as the Bicol International Airport Development Project, South Long-
Haul Project, and Quezon-Bicol Expressway that would provide
access and mobility of people, goods and services in the region.
Under my term as your Bicol RDC Chairperson, we will focus on developing

the tourism industry, increasing investments on micro, small, and medium
enterprises, completing major infrastructure projects, expanding opportunities in
agriculture and fisheries, and sustaining peace-building efforts. Over the
next years, we will be refining a series of initiatives designed to achieve our
vision. As we embark on this journey, I earnestly request my colleagues
in the Bicol RDC - the heads of regional line agencies and the state
universities and colleges, the private sector representatives, and our
development partners to work together in the shared responsibility of
implementing the Plan. I strongly believe that with our collective efforts,
we can overcome those challenges and sustainably move forward.
The Bicol Region will remain strong and steadfast to achieve the dream of
every Bicolano. We will increase our impact, expand our reach and extend our
performance in areas where results are already strong, while persistently addressing
other aspects in which we see the greatest opportunities for improvement.
Salamat asin sararo kita sa pag-asenso!
NOEL E. ROSAL
RDC 5 Chairperson
City Mayor of Legazpi, Albay
xviii | Regional Development Plan Midterm Update 2017-2022

Preface
The midterm update of the Bicol Regional
Development Plan, 2017-2022, shows proof
of the strong collaboration and cooperation
of many stakeholders in the region. As it has
been in the previous crafting of the regional
plan, the NEDA Regional Office 5 ensured that
the consultations would reach the farmers,
the fisherfolks, the youth, the indigenous
peoples, the business owners, the women,
the persons with disabilities, the academe,
the local chief executives, government
offices and other development partners.
The partnership with the provincial government made possible the conduct
of these consultations in addition to the one conducted by the RDC at the
regional level. I especially would like to express my sincerest gratitude to
Albay Governor Al Francis C. Bichara, Camarines Norte Governor Edgardo A.
Tallado, Camarines Sur Governor Miguel Luis R. Villafuerte, Catanduanes former
Acting Governor Shirley A. Abundo, Masbate Governor Antonio T. Kho, and
Sorsogon former Governor Robert L. Rodrigueza, for the support and assistance
that they have provided during the provincial consultations in March 2019.
I commend the four sectoral committees of the Bicol RDC which served as
the planning committees, and NEDA Region 5, in bringing forth the Midterm
Update through the arduous process of consultation with various stakeholders.
The Midterm Update will guide the Bicol RDC in formulating policies and
implementing development programs and projects for the remaining three
years under President Duterte’s administration which will bring us closer in
attaining the vision of a “matatag, maginhawa, at panatag na buhay para
sa lahat”, as it lays down a stronger foundation for inclusive growth, a high-
trust and resilient society, and a globally competitive knowledge economy.
The Bicol RDP Midterm Update will continue to contribute to the attainment
of this goal by addressing key development challenges of sustaining high
and inclusive economic growth, reducing poverty and increasing quality jobs.
To all the actors in the completion of this blueprint for our regional development,on
behalf of the hardworking NEDAns, I thank you. I thank as well, Ms. Sophia Busalla-
Varlez for editing the draft of this plan all for the love and service of Bicolanos.
To my fellow Bicolanos, we dedicate this accomplishment to all of you. Together,

we will work, and work hard, to close the gaps in achieving the Bicol RDP goal of
Preface | xix
laying down the foundation for inclusive growth, a high-trust and resilient society
and a globally competitive knowledge economy. Engage with us as we strive to
realize our aspirations of a strongly rooted, comfortable and secure life for all.
AGNES M. ESPINAS- TOLENTINO, MSc., CESO III

RDC 5 Vice Chairperson
NEDA Regional Director, Bicol Region
xx | Regional Development Plan Midterm Update 2017-2022

01
The Long View
Chapter 1
The Long View

The Philippines by 2040: matatag, maginhawa, at panatag na buhay para
sa lahat. The country is a prosperous, middle-class society where no one
is poor. People live long and healthy lives, and are smart and innovative.
The Philippines is a high-trust society where families thrive in vibrant,
culturally diverse, and resilient communities.
AmBisyon Natin 2040
The Vision: AmBisyon Natin 2040

The AmBisyon Natin 2040 represents the a high trust society.” It is a society where
collective long-term vision and aspirations individuals are healthy, and communities are
of the Filipino people for themselves and able to withstand natural and human-made
for the country in the next 25 years. It calamities. It is one that enables the country
presents a picture of the future, a set of to be a major player in the global knowledge
personal life goals, as well as ideals for the economy, with smarter and more innovative
country. AmBisyon Natin 2040 describes Filipinos producing high quality goods and
the kind of life Filipinos want to live, and services at competitive prices. It is having
how the country will be by 2040. The kind government enjoy the people’s and business
of life that Filipinos want, is a life that is sector’s trust because it is clean, efficient,
strongly-rooted, comfortable, and secure: and service-oriented, and it is a peaceful
“matatag, maginhawa, at panatag na buhay society because human security is assured.
para sa lahat.” This kind of life is described
as having enough for their daily needs and This long-term vision was adopted as a guide
unexpected expenses; being able to plan and for development planning through Executive
prepare for their own and for their children’s Order No. 5, s. 2016 issued by President
future; and living together with their families Rodrigo Roa Duterte on October 11, 2016.
in a place of their own, with freedom to go It will guide at least four administrations
where they desire, protected, and enabled in defining the specific “route” (plan)
by a clean, efficient, and fair government. through which each administration will
achieve the development targets that
The life envisioned by Filipinos by 2040 will lay down the work for the next six-
reveals middle-class aspirations. “By 2040, year term. AmBisyon Natin 2040 ensures
the Philippines is a prosperous, middle-class the sustainability and continuity of good
society where people live long and healthy policies, programs, and projects beyond
lives; are smart and innovative; and live in the term of any political administration.
Chapter 1 The Long View | 5

The Plan: Bicol Regional Development Plan
2017-2022 Midterm Update
Anchored on the AmBisyon Natin 2040, the rate of two to four percent; reduce poverty
Bicol Regional Development Plan (RDP) incidence among population to 26.0
2017-2022 Midterm Update will serve as percent; and lower underemployment
the region’s guide in formulating policies rate to less than 20.0 percent.
and implementing development programs
and projects for the remaining three years To overcome these challenges and achieve
under President Duterte’s administration. the targets, the strategies of the Bicol RDP
The Plan is prepared in accordance with Midterm Update focuses on three pillars:
Memorandum Circular No. 12, s. 2016 (a) “Malasakit” by enhancing social fabric
issued by the President on October 24, to regain people’s trust; (b) “Pagbabago”
2016, directing the National Economic by inequality-reducing transformation to
and Development Authority (NEDA) expand and increase access of economic
to coordinate the formulation of the groups that lag behind, develop their full
Philippine Development Plan (PDP), the potentials, and reduce vulnerability; and
RDPs and their accompanying investment (c) “Patuloy na Pag-unlad” by increasing
programs for the period 2017-2022. The growth potential to accelerate and sustain
updated plan is prepared pursuant to economic growth. To ensure that the pillars
MC 01, s. 2019, directing the updating work effectively, the following bedrock
of the PDP, Public Investment Program strategies will be pursued: (a) aggressively
(PIP), RDPs, and Regional Development pursuing peace promoting programs; (b)
Investment Programs (RDIPs) for 2017- accelerating infrastructure development; (c)
2022. It is the first medium-term plan that mitigating the impact of disasters; and, (d)
will aspire towards the attainment of the ensuring clean and healthy environment.
vision of a “matatag, maginhawa, at panatag
na buhay para sa lahat” as it lays down a These strategies are translated into major
stronger foundation for inclusive growth, programs, projects and activities (PAPs)
a high-trust and resilient society, and a that will be implemented until year
globally competitive knowledge economy. 2022. Consequently, by the end of year
The Bicol RDP Midterm Update will 2022, the geographic focus areas (GFAs)
continue to contribute to the attainment or the conflict affected and vulnerable
of this goal by addressing the following areas (CAA-CVAs) and geographically
key challenges: (a) sustaining high and isolated and disadvantaged areas (GIDAs)
inclusive economic growth; (b) reducing are reduced, all priority infrastructure
poverty; and (c) increasing quality jobs. projects are in place, and studies of
other critical infrastructure have started.
By end of 2022, the Bicol RDP intends to Tourism will continue to be the primary
achieve a growth rate in the gross regional growth driver of the region’s economy.
domestic product (GRDP) of 6.7 to 7.7 It is expected to propel the growth of
percent; maintain a single digit inflation investments in agriculture, manufacturing,
6 | Regional Development Plan Midterm Update 2017-2022

construction, electricity and water supply, while Part II focuses on enhancing the social
trade, transportation, and other services. fabric to build the foundations for a high
Further, with the implementation of trust society. Part III stresses the importance
these PAPs, the region will have (a) of reducing inequalities in economic
more competitive and efficient local development opportunities, while Part IV
government units (LGUs); (b) quality focuses on increasing potential growth.
infrastructure in place; (c) available skills Part V calls for a supportive economic
required by the industry; (d) peaceful and environment that will enable the economy
secured communities from criminality, to sustain growth, Part VI features the
insurgency, and disaster; and (e) foundations for inclusive and sustainable
competitive and productive business sector. development and international migration,
and Part VII describes the institutional
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 Midterm Update arrangements for implementation
has seven parts and 22 chapters. Part I and monitoring of the Bicol RDP.
provides the overall context for the Plan
Chapter 1 The Long View | 7

02
Global and Regional
Trends and Prospects
Chapter 2
Global and Regional Trends and

Prospects
The Bicol region’s economy grew the fastest roles in national development as:
from 5.0 percent in 2017 to 8.9 percent in
2018 or an annual average growth rate of a. Geothermal energy supplier. The Bicol
6.9 percent. All the three major economic region, having geothermal power plants
sectors recorded positive growth. The with aggregate generating capacity
region’s economy continued to be fueled by of 397.9 megawatts, will continue
the services sector which accounted for 57.5 supplying electricity to the Luzon Grid.
percent of the GRDP. The industry sector Other potential sources of energy, such
recorded the fastest growth of 14.2 percent as geothermal, solar, hydro, wind, and
in 2018 from 3.5 percent in 2017, and this is biomass will be explored to increase
largely attributed to the 21.7 percent growth the region’s generating capacity.
in construction, and 18.8 percent growth
in mining and quarrying. Poverty situation b. Producer of agricultural commodities.
significantly improved with the reduction in The agriculture resource base of the
poverty incidence among population from Bicol region will be utilized for the
41.9 percent in 2015 to 26.8 percent in 2018. development of agri-based industries.
Labor force increased from 2.41 million Value adding activities for high export
in 2017 to 2.5 million persons in 2018, potential commodities such as abaca
with an employment rate of 95.1 percent and pili, will be promoted and the
in 2018. These developments were realized crops of high commercial value will be
through the implementation of economic developed into agri-industries. With the
reforms that the previous administration improved technologies for increasing
instituted and were pursued by the productivity, disaster risk reduction,
current administration. The upgrading of and climate change adaptation (DRR-
infrastructure facilities and investments in CCA), coupled with the vast agricultural
people through economic and social services expansion areas, the production of food
have improved government spending. crops will increase to meet the needs of
the adjacent regions and Metro Manila.
Recent developments at the global and Food commodities include vegetables,
national level pose new challenges to the root crops, fruits, marine, livestock,
Bicol region. The new policies of the and poultry products. To sustain
current administration, and the emerging its role as a producer of agricultural
international and regional trends provide commodities, the government will (a)
opportunities and threats to regional invest in infrastructure in the rural areas
development. But the Bicol region where most of the farms are located;
will continue to sustain its functional (b) increase investments in research
Chapter 2 Global and Regional Trends and Prospects | 11

and development (R&D) to develop construction of the Bicol International
climate-smart technologies for a wide Airport (BIA), the New Naga Airport
range of crops that can be locally Development Project, North-South
adapted; (c) provide incentives to Railway (NSRP South Line Long-Haul)
families who send their children to project, Quezon Bicol Expressway
agricultural schools and universities (QuBEx) project and tourism road
to address the concern on ageing projects under the Department of
farmers; and (d) encourage the Tourism – Department of Public
youth and the overseas Filipinos Works and Highways (DOT-DPWH)
(OFs) to engage in agriculture. Convergence program, and closing
Agriculture will be emphasized in the the gaps of the Bicol Circumferential
primary and secondary education. Roads, will be continued. New tourism
The region will take advantage of sites and products in the different
the opportunities offered by the areas in the region will be developed
Association of South East Asian Nations by the private sector. These include
(ASEAN) economic integration. tourism-oriented establishments
like resorts, hotels, restaurants,
c. Ecotourism destination. Tourism will condominium units and malls, and
continue to be the major growth driver agri-ecotourism sites and destinations.
of the region’s economy. Tourism
development is fueled by the increase in d. Luzon’s gateway to Visayas and
public investments in improving access Mindanao. Bicol’s strategic location at
to tourism destinations. These include the southern tip of Luzon makes it a
upgrading of facilities in airports gateway to Visayas and Mindanao. The
and seaports, coupled with public Legazpi and Tabaco Ports, both catering
and private investments in tourism- to international vessels, bring Luzon
related assets to boost the growth in closer to having trade and tourism
transportation, trade, construction, relations with other countries in the
and services. Tourism development in Pacific. With an envisioned multimodal
the region will be led by the alliances transportation system, people are given
of LGUs under Albay – Masbate - a choice in their means of mobility. To
Sorsogon (ALMASOR) and the Triple strengthen its role as Luzon’s link to
C (Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur other major islands of the country, the
and Catanduanes). The region is being region’s four modes of transport will be
promoted as Meetings, Incentives, modernized, expanded, and integrated.
Conferences, and Exhibitions These projects will include the NSRP,
(MICE) destination, hosting several QuBEx, and modernization of seaports
international and national events. in Matnog, Castilla, Pioduran, Masbate,
As more public investments in Aroroy, Cataingan, Balud and Mandaon.
infrastructure and socio-economic
services are anticipated, more tourist e. International gateway. The region
destinations will be made accessible will become an international
and tourism services will be improved gateway with the completion of the
with the community-based and agri- BIA and the upgrading of Legazpi
based ecotourism programs. The and Tabaco Ports to international

standards. These developments d. America First Policy. The employment
will provide the region with easy in business process outsourcing,
access to the global markets in whose clients are mainly companies
terms of marketing its products, and from the US, is threatened by
promoting investments and tourism. President Trump’s policy to bring
back jobs to America, not only in
The region’s performance and roles in manufacturing but also in the services
development may be affected by international sector. This may affect investment and
and national policies and developments. employment patterns in the region.
Some of these push or pull factors are:
e. Escalating tension between the US
a. Trade tensions between US and and Iran. This threatens the thousands
China. Both countries have imposed of OFs in Iran and Iraq who may be
tariffs on goods that will lead to higher repatriated. Iran is also the second
costs for business and consumers. largest oil producer in the Organization
American companies may also consider of Petroleum Exporting Countries
relocating their manufacturing (OPEC) and may also close the Strait
facilities from China to the Philippines. of Hormuz where millions of barrels
of oil per day are being transported.
b. Strengthening of the US Dollar. If These rapidly escalating tensions may
trade tensions between the US and put pressure on the price of crude
China continue, the Philippine peso oil, therefore resulting to an increase
is expected to depreciate because of in global market price of crude oil.
the stronger US dollar. This could
raise borrowing cost of infrastructure f. Demand for migrant workers.
projects. While the strengthened US The ageing workforce in advanced
dollar may benefit the region’s exporters, economies will support the demand for
importers will be disadvantaged. migrant workers from the Philippines
and from the region, particularly in the
c. Preventing epidemics. A national fields of medicine, engineering, and
dengue epidemic was declared. The other technical and/or vocational work.
Dengvaxia vaccine caused a widespread With this, employment opportunities
vaccine scare in the country which abroad will increase resulting to
resulted to increased cases of dengue increased remittance. However, a
and measles. Polio is also a growing possible brain drain may be experienced.
concern which could return since
1993. The African Swine Fever (ASF) g. Industry 4.0. Automation and digital
outbreak in Bulacan and Rizal could technology offered by Industry 4.0 can
ignite fears that will negatively affect dramatically transform manufacturing
the swine industry. The Coronavirus in the region. The Micro, Small and
Disease, 2019 (Covid-19) has Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) need all
infected thousands of people around the help they can get to remain in the
the world. The country should be industry value chain. These MSMEs
ready to prevent such epidemics may have limited ability to grow, but the
or pandemics from happening. rise of online market places and services
Chapter 2 Global and Regional Trends and Prospects | 13

can empower them to trade with larger interact with their clients efficiently. Still,
markets. Technologies will revolutionize the challenge to build capabilities to produce
payments and logistics so that MSMEs can and utilize various technologies remains.

03
Overlay of Economic
Growth, Demographic
Trends, and Physical
Characteristics
Chapter 3
OVERLAY OF ECONOMIC
GROWTH, DEMOGRAPHIC
TRENDS, AND PHYSICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 that took off from President Duterte’s 0 to 10
Socioeconomic Agenda and the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
will pursue the realization of inclusive development anchored on AmBisyon
Natin 2040: “matatag, maginhawa, at panatag na buhay para sa lahat.”
This chapter presents the socio-economic and physical characteristics of the

Bicol region, and defines the desired overall spatial distribution of the population.
Economic Trends
The Bicol economic growth, as measured by Capital Region’s (NCR) 4.8 percent, and
the GRDP accelerated to 8.9 percent in 2018 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth
from 5.5 and 5.0 percent in 2016 and 2017, of 6.2 percent (Figure 3.2). In the past ten
respectively (Figure 3.1). In 2018, the Bicol years, the Bicol economy almost doubled
GRDP grew the fastest, outpacing 17 other from PhP110.3 billion in 2009 to PhP187.6
regions of the country. The performance of billion in 2018 at constant 2000 prices.
the regional economy exceeded the National
Figure 3.1 GRDP: 2015-2018, Bicol Region in Billion Pesos,
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA)
Chapter 3 Overlay of Economic Growth, Demographic Trends, and Physical Characteristics | 17

Figure 3.2 Regional Growth Rates: 2017-2018, Philippines in Percent,
Source: PSA
The Bicol economy is predominantly sector in the regional economy continues

services-based. From 2016-2018, the to decline. Between 2010 and 2015,
average share of the Services sector was the AHFF contribution to the regional
recorded at 57.3 percent, followed by economy was recorded at an average of 24
Industry at 26.2 percent and Agriculture, percent, but from 2016-2018, it went down
Hunting, Forestry and Fishing (AHFF) at to 19.4 percent. The Bicol GRDP is small
19.4 percent (Table 3.1). In the 1970s, the compared to other regions, contributing
regional economy was dominated by the only about 1.6 percent of the GDP. It is
AHFF sector which contributed almost also young but mimics a mature economic
60 percent. But in the last decade, it has structure of high-income and developed
shifted from AHFF sector to Services sector economies, driven by the Services sector.
and Industry sector. The share of AHFF

Table 3.1 GRDP by Industrial Origin: 2016-2018, Bicol Region in Thousand Pesos,
AHFF INDUSTRY SERVICE TOTAL
VALUE % VALUE % VALUE % PHP
2016 32,961,489 20.1 37,851,018 32.1 93,253,410 56.8 164,065,917
2017 33,815,162 19.6 39,167,295 22.7 99,266,790 57.6 172,249,247
2018 34,901,164 18.6 44,736,044 23.9 107,962,639 57.5 187,599,848
Average 33,892,605 19.4 40,584,786 26.2 100,160,946 57.3 174,638,338
Average
2010-2015 31,840,805 24.0 26,066,362 20.0 73,956,314 56.0 131,863,481
Source: PSA
The GRDP expansion of 8.9 percent in 2018 in 2018, Tropical Depression (TD) Usman
from 5.5 percent in 2016 is equivalent to in December 2018, and the eruption of Mt.
an increase in Gross Value Added (GVA) Mayon in January 2018, the region still
of PhP23.5 billion or from PhP164.1 managed an accelerated growth. The per
billion in 2016 to PhP187.6 billion in 2018. capita GRDP also increased from PhP26,686
Despite the effects of hazardous events like in 2016 to PhP29,369 in 2018 (Figure 3.3).
Typhoon Nina in 2016, Typhoon Ompong
Figure 3.3 Per Capita GRDP: 2016-2018, Bicol Region in Pesos, at Constant 2000 Prices
Source: PSA

In 2018, the growth rate of the Industry Build program, more infrastructure projects
sector spiked at 14.2 percent, regaining such as roads and bridges were pursued.
from a setback and sluggish performance of The Mining and Quarrying subsector
3.5 percent in 2017, and 7.4 percent in 2016 closely followed with a growth rate of 18.8
(Table 3.2). The acceleration can largely be percent in 2018, from 5.5 and 9.0 percent in
attributed to the Construction subsector 2017 and 2016, respectively. Growth in the
which contributed the highest at 21.7 Manufacturing subsector fluctuated from
percent from 4.9 percent and 5.5 percent 12.1 percent in 2016 to 3.4 percent in 2017,
in 2017 and 2016, respectively. Fueled and 4.6 percent in 2018. The Electricity,
by the administration’s priority thrust Gas and Water Supply subsector managed
on increased government spending on to rebound to 1.9 percent in 2018 from a
infrastructure, specifically the Build, Build, contraction of negative 0.3 percent in 2017.
Table 3.2 GRDP Growth Rates by Sector/Sub-Sector: 2016-2018, Bicol Region in Percent,
SECTOR/SUB-SECTOR 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018
I. Agriculture, Hunting, Forestry, and Fishery (0.1) 2.6 3.2

a. Agriculture and Forestry 1.4 2.8 3.2
b. Fishing (5.5) 2.0 3.3
II. Industry Sector 7.4 3.5 14.2

a. Mining and Quarrying 9.0 5.5 18.8
b. Manufacturing 12.1 3.4 4.6
c. Construction 5.5 4.9 21.7
d. Electricity, Gas and Water Supply 8.3 (0.3) 1.9
III. Service Sector 6.9 6.4 8.8

a. Transportation 6.7 4.0 3.5
b. Trade and Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles,
6.7 4.2 3.5
Personal and Household Goods
c. Financial Intermediation 11.2 7.0 8.6
d. Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities 1.9 5.4 3.0
e. Public Administration and Defense, Compulsory Social
6.0 7.6 14.0
Security
f. Other Services 9.3 9.7 17.1
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 5.5 5.0 8.9
Source: PSA

The expansion of the Services sector exhibited increase in growth rate such
to 8.8 percent in 2018 from 6.4 and 6.9 as transportation and communication,
percent in 2017 and 2016, respectively, trade, financial intermediation (banks and
can be attributed mainly to more vibrant other lending institutions), and real estate.
tourism activities under the Other
Services subsector. Consequent to the Although growth rates were increasing,
growth increase in the construction the AHFF sector continued with the
industry, more tourism destinations were slow performance over the three-
developed, contributing to the influx year period, posting a 3.2 percent
of both domestic and foreign tourists. growth in 2018 from 2.6 percent in
Other related subsectors correspondingly 2017 and negative 0.1 percent in 2016.
Demographic Trends
The population growth of Bicol region Among the six provinces, Camarines
steadily increased. Based on the 2015 Sur had the biggest population in 2015
Census of Population, the Bicol region’s with 1.95 million or 33.7 percent of
population reached 5,796,989, higher by the regional population (Figures 3.4
about 377,000 compared with the 2010 and 3.5). The second largest popula
population of 5,420,411. It is 5.7 percent of ted province is Albay with 1.31 million or 22.7
the 2015 population of the country. From percent, followed by Masbate with 892,000
2010 to 2015, the Bicol population grew (15.4 percent), Sorsogon with 793,000 (13.7
by an average of 1.29 percent annually. percent), and Camarines Norte with 583,000
(10.0 percent). Catanduanes had the smallest
population with 261,000 (4.5 percent).
Figure 3.4 Population Distribution, Bicol Region Census Year 2015
Source: PSA

Figure 3.5 Population Distribution, Bicol Region by Province, Census Year 1995-2015
Source: PSA
Among the provinces, Camarines Norte had Camarines Sur at 1.32 percent, Sorsogon at
the fastest growing population from 2010 to 1.30 percent, Masbate at 1.28 percent, and
2015, with an annual average population Albay at 1.22 percent, while Catanduanes had
growth rate of 1.38 percent. It is followed by the lowest posting at 1.11 percent (Table 3.3).
Table 3.3 Population Distribution, Bicol Region by Province, Census Year 1995 to 2015
TOTAL POPULATION GROWTH RATE DENSITY (POP’N/SQ.
PROVINCE LAND AREA KM)
2010 2015 2000-10 2010-15 2010 2015
Region V 5,420,411 5,796,989 1.46 1.29 18,114.47 299 320
Albay 1,233,432 1,314,826 1.23 1.22 2,574.91 479 511
Camarines Norte 542,915 583,313 1.44 1.38 2,277.93 238 256
Camarines Sur 1,822,371 1,952,544 1.62 1.32 5,511.90 331 354
Catanduanes 246,300 260,964 1.35 1.11 1,492.16 165 175
Masbate 834,650 892,393 1.66 1.28 4,138.56 202 216
Sorsogon 740,743 792,949 1.31 1.30 2,119.01 350 374
Sources: PSA
DENR-LMB - data on Land Area

Among the cities and municipalities, With a land area of 2,575 sq. km., the
Legazpi City has the largest population province of Albay is densely populated
of 196,639, followed closely by Naga City with 511 persons per square kilometer. The
(196,003) and Sorsogon City, Sorsogon province of Camarines Sur which has the
(168,110). The least populous municipalities largest land area of 5,512 sq. km. (almost
are Gigmoto (8,368) and Panganiban double the area of Albay), has a population
(9,287), both in Catanduanes; and San density of 354 per sq. km. The province
Vicente in Camarines Norte (10,396). of Catanduanes is sparsely populated,
with 165 persons per sq. km. (Figure 3.6).
Figure 3.6 Land Area and Population Density by Province, Census Year 2015
Source: Regional Social and Economic Trends (RSET) - Bicol Region
Physical Characteristics
Geographic Location. Bicol is part of Latitude. It is bounded northwest by
the island group of Luzon. It is the fifth Quezon province, east by the open seas
administrative region under the Integrated of the Pacific ocean, southeast by Samar
Reorganization Plan (IRP) implemented Sea, and southwest by Sibuyan Sea.
under Presidential Decree (PD) No. 1 in
1972. Located at the midsection of the Politico-Administrative Subdivisions.
country or at the southern tip of Luzon, Bicol region is composed of six provinces:
Bicol lies within coordinates 122 to 124.5 the mainland provinces of Albay, Camarines
degrees Longitude and 12 to 14.5 degrees Sur, Camarines Norte and Sorsogon,

and the island provinces of Catanduanes Legazpi, Ligao, Masbate, Sorsogon, and
and Masbate. (Figure 3.7). The region Tabaco) and 107 municipalities subdivided
has seven cities (one chartered - City of into 3,471 barangays. The six provinces
Naga - and six component cities – Iriga, are divided into 16 congressional districts.
Figure 3.7. Map of the Bicol Region
Source: Bicol Regional Spatial Development Framework (RSDF)
Land area. The region’s land area of about The province of Camarines Sur has the
1.8 million hectares is about six percent of largest land area consisting of 551,000
the country’s 30 million hectares. Around hectares or 30 percent of the regional total,
69 percent or two-thirds of the region’s land while Catanduanes has the smallest with
area is part of mainland Luzon while the about 149,000 hectares or eight percent
rest is the combined land areas of the island of the region’s total land area (Table 3.4).
provinces of Masbate and Catanduanes.

Table 3.4 Land Area by Province, Bicol Region
PROVINCE TOTAL AREA (IN HECTARES) PERCENT OF REGIONAL TOTAL
Bicol Region 1,811,447 100

Albay 257,491 14
Camarines Norte 227,793 13
Camarines Sur 551,190 30
Catanduanes 149,216 8
Masbate 413,856 23
Sorsogon 211,901 18
Source: PSA
Topography and Elevation. The region’s Slope. About 56 percent of the region’s total
topography ranges from slightly undulating land area are nearly level to moderately
to rolling, and from hilly to mountainous. sloping lands (0-18 percent) consisting of
Bicol is endowed with numerous mountains the alluvial plains, mountain foot slopes,
and volcanoes. The principal active floodplains and valleys. The remaining 44
volcanoes in the region include the most percent are mostly hilly and mountainous
famous Mt. Mayon in Albay, with the (above 18 percent slope) which include
highest elevation at 2,462 meters above the ranges of hills on the western and
sea level; Bulusan Volcano (1,560 meters) eastern sections, and some mountain
in Sorsogon, and Mt. Iriga (1,143 meters) peaks in the central part of the region.
in Camarines Sur. Other mountains
dominating the countryside and their Land Use. Based on the latest existing land
corresponding elevations include: Mt. use data from the Department of
Malinao (1,548 meters), Mt. Masaraga Environment and Natural Resources
(337 meters) and Mt. Catburawan (DENR), a total of 1.6 million hectares
(473 meters) in Albay; and Mt. Isarog (91 percent) are utilized for agriculture,
(1,966 meters) in Camarines Sur. fishpond, built-up areas and other
development activities, while about
163,000 hectares (9 percent) are
devoted to forest use (Figure 3.8).

Figure 3.8 Land Use Map, Bicol Region: 2013
Land Classification. Majority (70 Proclamation No. 2036-A dated November

percent) of Bicol’s land area is classified 11, 1980; and (c) Barit River-Lake Buhi
as alienable and disposable. Forest Forest Reservation in Camarines Sur under
lands of about 535,777 hectares account Proclamation No. 573 dated June 26, 1969.
for only 30 percent. There are 49,409
hectares classified as ancestral domain of Coastal Area. The region’s coastal area
Indigenous Peoples (IPs) with certificates of is deeply embayed, characterized by the
ancestral domain title (CADT) as of 2019. presence of numerous bays and gulfs.
Outlining the coasts of Camarines Norte
Geothermal and Hydrothermal Reserves. and Camarines Sur are Ragay Gulf, San
The Bicol region has three geothermal Miguel Bay, and Lagonoy Gulf; Albay Gulf
reservation areas: (a) Tiwi Geothermal in Albay and Sorsogon Bay in Sorsogon.
Reservation in Albay under Proclamation No. In addition, the region is endowed with
739 dated February 1982; (b) Bacon-Manito natural harbors that serve as refuge for
Geothermal Reservation in Albay under vessels during weather disturbances.

Climate. Under the Modified Coronas Island and mainland Masbate. Type IV
Climate Classification, the region has Types climate occurs in the western part extending
II, III and IV climate (Figure 3.9). Type II from Camarines Sur to the southern tip of
or the dry season with very pronounced Sorsogon wherein rainfall in these areas is
rainfall from November to January, usually more or less evenly distributed throughout
occurs over the eastern coasts of the region the year, with exception of the occurrences
directly facing the Pacific Seas, including of tropical cyclones in the vicinity
the island of Catanduanes and the whole which can cause rainfall abnormalities.
of Camarines Norte. Type III climate,
characterized by not very pronounced The six provinces differ with respect
maximum rain period with short dry season, to their exposures to typhoons. The
is usually experienced in the western coast of normal average year-round temperature
mainland Bicol along the Burias Pass, Burias of the region is 27.4°C to 29.6°C.
Figure 3.9 Climate Map, Bicol Region

Vulnerability to Hazards
Bicol region is vulnerable to various The Bicol Volcanic Belt, the Philippine Fault
hazards that are hydrometeorological, Zone and the deep Philippine trench are
geologic and volcanic in nature such parallel to each other. The Bicol Volcanic
as flooding, rain-induced landslides, Belt spans 240 kilometers from Camarines
active faults, and lahar, among others. Norte in the north, down to Sorsogon in the
south where 16 volcanoes, approximately
Volcanoes, Faults and Earthquake Zones. 24 kilometers apart, lie along this belt which
Figure 3.10 shows the distribution of faults, runs parallel to the Philippine Trench.
volcanic and earthquake belts in the region.
Figure 3.10 Volcanoes, Fault Lines and Tsunami Prone Areas, Bicol Region
Source: Bicol RSDF

Environmentally Critical Areas. The rice lands. Settlements, as well as
Environmentally Critical Areas (ECAs) livelihood, are threatened by extensive
of Bicol are prone to natural hazards flooding and saline water intrusion.
that are subject to seismic threats,
prolonged flooding, tsunamis, volcanic b. Volcanic Hazards. The Bicol region
eruption fallouts, and severe erosion. has three active volcanoes: Mt.
Mayon, Mt. Bulusan, and Mt. Iriga.
a. Flooding. The low-lying areas in the The most common hazards are lava
Bicol River Basin in the provinces of flows and base surges. Other dangers
Albay and Camarines Sur is generally are earthquakes, tsunamis, and seiche
associated with deep and prolonged and edifice failure. Because of its
flooding. It has a drainage area of height, steep slopes and deep gullies,
about 3,156 square kilometers (sq. Mayon Volcano can potentially create
km.), of which about 2,000 sq. km. are an avalanche which could be triggered
agricultural, and the rest are forests, by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions,
wetlands, rivers, and lakes. Flooding intense rainfall, and magma intrusion.
in the Bicol river basin area is
aggravated by sedimentation and soil c. Erosion. Erosion is a destructive
erosion. It is also affected by changes geologic process that wears down land
in water salinity during low flows masses and ultimately lowers their
and changes in river morphology of surfaces as close as possible to base
the estuaries and riparian landscapes. level – the extension of sea level inland.
Around 665,000 hectares of the region
Rapid urbanization resulted in land is susceptible to erosion, wherein
use conversion patterns for housing, 511,000 hectares may experience
and other urban uses have caused moderate erosion, and 154,000
the flooding and the fragmentation hectares are prone to severe erosion.
of prime agricultural and irrigated
The Regional Spatial Development

Framework
The Bicol Regional Spatial Development with the vision under Ambisyon Natin
Framework (RSDF), anchored on the 2040. It adopts the core strategies
Luzon Spatial Development Framework on concentration, connectivity, and
(LSDF) which translates the National vulnerability reduction built on the
Spatial Strategy (NSS), sets the direction efficiencies and maximized benefits of
of future growth that is consistent scale and agglomeration economies.

Concentration
Concentration is built on the principles public markets, rural health units, primary
of densification, compaction, and smart and secondary schools, etc.). However,
growth. The benefits associated with the not all settlements can fit in the hierarchy
efficient growth and urbanization that the according to this general principle. Smaller
region aims to achieve are: (a) increased settlements, especially those performing
innovation, creativity, and economic strategic roles (e.g. eco-tourism destination,
activities, and in particular, greater transportation hub, gateway cities,
opportunities for employment and poverty industrial and freeport zones, and science
reduction; (b) availability of a larger variety cities, etc.), are placed in the upper levels
and higher levels of services; and (c) of the hierarchy. Settlements strategically
reduced encroachment into agricultural located in clusters of settlement and whose
land and other environmentally- aggregate population satisfies the population
sensitive, constrained, or protected threshold, are also placed in the upper tiers.
areas (compared to low density sprawl).
The growth of the Bicol region will be
Network of Growth Centers. The positive anchored on the regional urban centers
relationship between population size and consisting of: (a) Metro Naga in the province
the presence of basic services, commodities of Camarines Sur (an agglomeration of
and facilities, defines the existing network the City of Naga and the municipalities of
of growth centers. Thus, the densities of Milaor, Gainza, Camaligan, and Canaman);
settlements in terms of population and and (b) Metro Legazpi in the province of
economic activities will be increased, Albay (with the municipality of Daraga).
and the growth of regional centers will Strategically located, both Metro Naga
be managed to function more efficiently. and Metro Legazpi will form a growth
corridor that will provide higher levels of
Hierarchy of Settlements. The Bicol RSDF urban services, employment opportunities
adopts a four-tiered urban hierarchy and linkages to major tourist destinations,
following the principles of concentration, with Metro Legazpi as host to the regional
namely, (a) regional centers; (b) sub- government center. The region has nine
regional centers; (c) provincial centers; and sub-regional centers (Table 3.5) that have
(d) local centers. The regional centers like evolved into eco-tourism, agro-economic,
Metro Naga and Metro Legazpi, belong to educational, and medical hubs. The 32
the upper tier, while the 74 sub-regional provincial centers, with at least 50,000
centers, 169 provincial centers, and 489 population, are the major municipalities of
local centers belong to the lower tier. The the province that provide urban services to
upper tier provides more advanced urban adjacent towns or clusters of settlements.
services (e.g., finance, medical centers, There are 71 local settlement centers that
universities, gateway ports, etc.), while the make up the lowest level of the hierarchy,
lower tiers have smaller catchment areas with population size of less than 50,000.
and provide basic urban services (e.g., small

Table 3.5 Urban/Growth Centers in the Hierarchy of Settlements by Province, Bicol Region
PROVINCE REGIONAL CENTERS SUB-REGIONAL PROVINCIAL LOCAL CENTERS

(2) CENTERS (9) CENTERS (32) (71)
Albay Legazpi City Ligao City, Tabaco City Bacacay, Camalig, Daraga,
Guinobatan, Libon, Oas,
Polangui, Tiwi
Camarines Norte Daet Jose Panganiban, Labo,
Paracale
Camarines Sur Naga City Iriga City, Pili Baao, Buhi, Bula, All other
Calabanga, Goa, Lagonoy, municipalities
Libmanan, Nabua, Ragay,
Sipocot, Tinambac
Catanduanes Virac
Masbate Masbate City Aroroy, Cawayan, Milagros,
Placer, Uson
Sorsogon Sorsogon City, Matnog Bulan, Castilla, Gubat,
Irosin, Pilar
Source: Bicol RSDF
Connectivity Strategy
The region’s strategy for connectivity and AH26 or Maharlika Highway, and air
is anchored on the connectivity transport system. (Refer to Chapter 19)
framework for Luzon to enhance the
linkages of communication, multimodal The Bicol RSDF adopts the gravity model to
transportation (land, air, and sea), and prioritize urban linkages as espoused in the
economic infrastructure systems. This NSS, which are intended to further improve
strategy aims to: (a) increase access and the agglomeration of urban areas and
improve the efficiency of markets; (b) improve economies of scale in the market
manage growth and the spatial development systems. A twin spine-three corridor
pattern of settlements according to the network of settlements is envisioned in the
specific regional and local plans; and (c) NSS: the west and east spines frame the
reduce vulnerability during emergency spatial development of Central Luzon-Mega
situations by increasing redundancy of Manila-South Luzon or the Greater Capital
transportation routes, communication, Region (GCR) for brevity. The GCR extends
and other infrastructure facilities. upward in Northern Luzon and downward
in the Mimaropa-Bicol area. The spines then
With its archipelagic characteristic, Bicol move further south onto Visayas where they
region can interconnect with the different converge with Metro Cebu - via Sorsogon,
areas of the country through the roll on- and Masbate in Bicol, and then branch
roll off (RORO) system. It also provides the into three corridors that cover Mindanao.
backbone of land transport system to Visayas Access and circulation between and among
and Mindanao through the Philippine the different sub-regional, provincial,
National Railways (PNR) mainline south and town centers will be facilitated

through the development of backbone, plans or roadmaps that support connectivity
lateral, and strategic all-access roads. to spur development across regions and
across the country; and (c) improving
The region’s priority strategies on inter and intra-regional integration and
connectivity include: (a) accelerating linkages – for complementation and
infrastructure development – quality, reliable, sharing of common boundaries and
sustainable and resilient regional and intra- natural resources. Connectivity strategies
regional infrastructure; (b) formulating/ will generally broaden production
updating and implementing critical master networks and value chains of the region.
Vulnerability Reduction
Integrated in both concentration and ■ Decisions on differentiated land use
connectivity strategies is the strategy on will depend on the intensity and
vulnerability reduction to primarily manage frequency of existing hazard and degree
the extent of interaction among the general of risk, e.g. moderately landslide prone
population, and protected areas (e.g. areas may be allowed for agricultural
NIPAS, SAFDZ, critical watershed), hazard use but not for residential use.
prone areas, e.g., fault zones and areas prone
to floods, landslides, and other hazards. ■ Ecological integrity and stability must be
sustained. The carrying capacity of the
Due to its location, the Bicol region is highly environment must be taken into account
vulnerable to typhoons, floods, drought, if development cannot be avoided, (e.g.,
volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes. Forty policy that limits the number of visitors
percent of the region’s rice area is affected in a specific tourism site per day).
by flooding, drought and saline intrusion.
The strategy of vulnerability reduction in ■ Resilience principle on connectivity-
the region focuses on urban expansion related infrastructure facilities
vis-à-vis major production areas and - Redundancy on major regional
environmentally-constrained or disaster- and provincial transportation
prone areas. The strategy is consistent routes, buildings and other
with the principles and requirements of facilities will be increased to
sustainable development. One of the reduce vulnerability of settlements
strategies will be the resolution of land use during occurrence of disasters.
conflicts involving built-up areas, and urban
and rural protection and production areas. ■ Build-better principle in post-
disaster efforts - The rehabilitation
The guiding principles to vulnerability of infrastructure facilities will
reduction in the Bicol region are: demonstrate resiliency and strength
to withstand hazardous forces.
■ Areas with high exposure to hazards
and ECAs are no build zones.

To further support the vulnerability mechanisms (vertical and horizontal); (c)
reduction strategy, the following sub- strengthen the information management
strategies are observed: (a) mainstream and assessment processes; (d) strengthen
DRR-CCA in all development plans the disaster response and recovery
and policies, programs and projects in mechanisms; and (e) intensify capacity
all levels of government; (b) strengthen building of all sectors of the communities,
the institutional and coordination especially the vulnerable group.

04
Bicol Regional
Development Plan
2017-2022 Midterm
Update
Overall Framework
Chapter 4
Bicol Regional Development

Plan 2017-2022 Midterm
Update Overall Framework
The Bicol RDP adopts the overall strategic framework espoused in the PDP as presented in
Figure 4.1.
Figure 4.1. Bicol RDP 2017-2022 Overall Framework
The Bicol RDP is the blueprint of the foundation for more inclusive growth,
contribution of the Bicol region for the a high-trust and resilient society, and a
first medium term plan to the attainment globally competitive knowledge economy.
of a “Matatag, Maginhawa, at Panatag na This will be done by focusing on three pillars
Buhay para sa Lahat.” It lays down a solid of: “Malasakit” (enhancing the social fabric),
Chapter 4 Bicol Regional Development Plan 2017-2022 Midterm Update Overall Framework | 37
“Pagbabago” (reducing inequality), and of all Bicolanos, through the use of various
“Patuloy na Pag-unlad” (increasing channels such as broadcast and social
potential growth of the economy). media. Diverse cultures will be greatly
valued through information, education,
Malasakit Pillar: Enhancing the Social and communication (IEC) initiatives on
Fabric the Filipino culture, institutionalization of
heritage conservation plans and programs,
Through the Malasakit Pillar, the and expanding cultural structures as
RDP aims to regain people’s trust in civic spaces for dialogue and cultural
government and cultivate trust in fellow exchange. Culture and values education
Filipinos. To attain this, people-centered, will be mainstreamed in the basic, technical,
clean and efficient governance will be vocational, and higher education systems.
ensured, swift and fair administration of The “pagkamalikhain” or creative excellence
justice will be pursued, and Philippine will serve as a tool for social cohesion,
culture and values will be promoted. and will provide the impetus for a culture-
based industry and creative economy.
Ensuring People-Centered, Clean and
Efficient Governance (Chapter 5). Public Pagbabago Pillar: Inequality-reducing
offices will be characterized as people- Transformation
centered, efficient and clean to regain
people’s trust in public institutions, and Through this pillar, there will be greater
to cultivate trust in fellow Filipinos. participation of the marginalized sector
Government offices will be equipped with in economic development. Considerable
adequate facilities, managed by well-trained economic opportunities and access
personnel, and will have improved systems to these opportunities will be made
to ensure the prompt delivery of services. available, particularly to the economic
groups that were once left behind, like
Pursuing Swift and Fair Administration the farmers, fisher folks, and MSMEs.
of Justice (Chapter 6). The administration
of justice will depart from the traditional Expanding Economic Opportunities
institution-based method to a more in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
sector-based approach, highlighting (Chapter 8). Opportunities in agriculture
better coordination among the justice will be expanded for farmers and fisher folks
sector institutions to ensure swift and fair as the government continues to sustain its
administration of justice for all. Processes efforts to improve productivity. They will be
will be streamlined and harmonized linked with the industry and services sectors
across agencies in the executive and for more efficient value-adding processes
judiciary branches of government. and more effective commercialization.
Farmers and fisher folks will be organized
Promoting Philippine Culture and Values to create stronger structures and become
(Chapter 7). Bicolanos will have greater proactive recipients of government
awareness of the region’s diverse culture and assistance, and dependable partners of
values with a strengthened culture sensitive private firms. Farm consolidation will be
governance. The values for the common promoted to achieve economies of scale for
good will be inculcated in the consciousness mechanization and technology adoption.

Climate resilient irrigation systems will Climate change adaptation will be
be constructed or retrofitted, and climate promoted to ensure that risks are reduced.
tolerant plant varieties will be cultivated.
Information and education campaign Accelerating Human Capital Development
and capacity building activities will be (Chapter 10). Individuals and groups will
intensified. Agri-tourism industry will have more options to develop their full
be promoted and will become a major potentials with the increased life expectancy;
contributor to the local economy. The youth reduced prevalence of stunting, wasting and
will be encouraged to engage in farming by overweight among children; and improved
providing scholarship grants and training functional literacy rate, completion rate,
courses, and by exposing them to promising and cohort survival rate. Health and
agri-tourism destinations and model farms. nutrition will improve by providing care for
all life stages. Universal access to health,
Expanding Economic Opportunities nutrition, and family planning services
in Industry and Services through will be ensured through multi-sectoral
Trabaho and Negosyo (Chapter 9). The and multi-stakeholder participation, and
region’s investments, competitiveness, sustained health financing programs.
innovativeness, and resilience will increase,
and access to markets will improve. Lifelong learning opportunities will be made
Economic opportunities in industry available for all. Quality basic education will
and services will be expanded by: (a) be made accessible and relevant through
strengthening the value and supply chain; soft and hard infrastructure. Quality
(b) intensifying investment promotion technical, vocational, and higher education
programs; (c) enhancing R&D, product will be improved so that competent
development and marketing; (d) improving and highly responsive individuals and
the business climate; (e) improving access to workforce are produced. Collaboration
technology and innovation; (f) improving with agencies, LGUs, and industries will
human capital; (g) improving MSMEs to be strengthened for senior high school
maximize export opportunities; and (h) students who will undergo on-the-job
intensifying marketing and promotion training, apprenticeship and internship,
of Philippine products and services. and retooling and skills enhancement.
Access to economic opportunities of Reducing Vulnerability of Individuals

MSMEs, OFs and cooperatives will be and Families (Chapter 11). The risks
improved by increasing their access to of vulnerable groups like children,
production networks and financing, and older persons, women, differently-abled
enhancing their productivity, efficiency and persons, and IPs will be reduced through
resilience. The linkage between MSMEs and a convergence approach. Policies and
large corporations will be enhanced, and programs will be put in place to ensure that
clustering of MSMEs to achieve economies their social, cultural and economic rights
of scale, specialization, and innovation are protected so that they can participate in
will be adopted. Entrepreneurship and the development of the country. Children
the upgrading and diversifying to a in situations of armed conflict, and the
range of products will be encouraged. statelessness of individuals will be addressed.
Building Safe and Secure Communities Vigorously Advancing Science, Technology
(Chapter 12). Access to affordable, and Innovation (Chapter 14). The
adequate, safe, and secure shelter will be promotion of STI in agriculture, industry
expanded to achieve resilient Bicolano and service sectors will be accelerated
communities. Innovative solutions to to become the foundation for a globally
housing construction will be encouraged, competitive knowledge economy. A culture
and alternative modes of financing are of creativity will be built, beginning with the
developed to improve the access of very young students in basic education and
families to decent housing. Community all through higher and technical education.
relations are strengthened and community Creativity and innovation will be nurtured
organizations are empowered to engage with by increasing the number of innovation
government in ensuring the safety, security, hubs, scholars taking up STI courses, and
and development of their communities. STI practitioners (researchers, scientists,
and engineers), among others. Promotion
Patuloy na Pag-Unlad Pillar: Increasing of technology and government-academe-
growth potential industry linkages will be strengthened.
Through this pillar, an efficient population Enabling and Supportive Economic

management program will be pursued Environment
for the citizens to become productive
and engaged in economic activities. To support the implementation
Science, technology, and innovation of the strategies geared towards
(STI) will be promoted to drive Pagbabago and Patuloy na Pag-unlad,
accelerated long-term economic growth. a sound macroeconomic policy will be
implemented, and market competition
Reaching for the Demographic Dividend will be enhanced to provide an enabling
(Chapter 13). Potential growth will be and supportive economic environment.
enhanced by accelerating the full harvest of
the demographic dividend where majority Ensuring Sound Macroeconomic Policy
of the population is young and healthy, (Chapter 15). Growth will be supported
and the labor force has the right skill set by maintaining macroeconomic stability,
to be highly productive. With this, the putting in place a strategic trade and fiscal
government can direct its resources to policy, and enhancing access to financial
economic development instead of providing services. The tax system, including its
the needs of the dependent population. administration, will be made simpler,
Aggressive efforts will be undertaken to fairer, more equitable, and internationally
ensure that families will be of desired size competitive. A responsible, strategic,
that they can adequately care and provide and supportive fiscal sector will be
for, through age-appropriate sexuality encouraged through investments in
education, information and orientation public-private partnership (PPP) and
programs on responsible parenthood and investments of OFs. Financial inclusion
reproductive health, and access to services will be strengthened by promoting
for modern family planning methods. efficiency and innovation in microfinance.

External trade will be implemented by by implementing a catch-up socioeconomic
promoting and providing support to development program. The EO 70, s. 2018,
MSMEs that develop products with export which institutionalizes the whole of nation
potentials, spurring the production of higher approach, will serve as the overarching
value added goods and services, diversifying framework in attaining just and lasting
products and markets, and providing peace. The government will continue to exert
opportunities for growth of MSMEs. efforts to advance the peace process through
localized peace engagements by conducting
Leveling the Playing Field through a community problem solving sessions,
National Competition Policy (Chapter 16). and peace dialogues with local insurgents.
Consumer welfare and market efficiency will
be enhanced by promoting a healthy market Ensuring Security, Public Order and Safety
competition. Through the Philippine (Chapter 18). The capability of military
Competition Commission (PCC), the and law enforcers in terms of facilities,
Philippine market will be more efficient equipment, and skills will be enhanced
and competitive, where small Bicolano to significantly reduce criminality and
entrepreneurs and firms thrive alongside terrorism, and to ensure the safety and
big players to provide the market with better security of Bicolanos from all forms of
and wider choices of goods and services hazards. Police presence, visibility, and law
for the consumers. Competitiveness of enforcement operations will be intensified
local governments will be enhanced by in all areas of the region; community
strengthening their institutional and participation in policing activities will be
technical capacity, improving their data heightened; and the capability of the jail
management and information system, and management and fire protection services
improving the local investment climate. will be enhanced. The security sector
Anti-competitive practices will diminish will be strengthened for humanitarian
through the implementation of NCP. assistance and disaster response, as
military and law enforcement operations
Foundations for Sustainable Development ensure the protection of human rights,
and the promotion of gender equality.
The strategies under the pillars of Malasakit,
Pagbabago, and Patuloy na Pag-unlad will Accelerating Infrastructure Development
be supported by the bedrock strategies (Chapter 19). Bicolanos will enjoy
of ensuring peace and security, balanced reliable and resilient infrastructure
and strategic infrastructure development, facilities and services as the government
and maintaining ecological integrity. prioritizes the implementation of strategic
infrastructure programs and projects
Attaining Just and Lasting Peace (Chapter focusing on transport, water resources,
17). Just and lasting peace is the core energy, information and communications
foundation for sustainable development, technology (ICT), and social infrastructure
and is at the forefront of the government’s (i.e., housing, education, health, and
determined pursuit of inclusive economic solid waste management facilities).
growth. A convergence approach will be
adopted to address the problems, issues and A modern, seamless, and efficient
needs of CAA-CVAs, GIDAs or the GFAs transportation system in the region
will improve the intra and inter-regional Ensuring Ecological Integrity, Clean and
connectivity, and integrate the settlements Healthy Environment (Chapter 20). The
and production centers. There will degraded natural resources in Bicol will be
be redundancy in major transport rehabilitated and restored, and the fragile
routes to ensure safety and sustained ecosystems will be protected. A sustainable
operation of the production and value management of resources will be promoted
chain processes from the threats of by adopting an integrated ecosystem
human-made and natural hazards. management or the ridge-to-reef approach.
The integrity of the mineral resources
Water security will be ensured by will be sustained by adopting responsible
developing new water sources, protecting mining practices. Environmental quality
and maintaining watershed areas, and will be improved particularly the quality of
strengthening the capabilities of water- air, water and land resources, through the
related agencies. Lives and properties enforcement of the Clean Air Act and Water
will be protected against floods. Act, and Republic Act No. 9003, s. 2000 or
the Ecological Solid Waste Management
Power supply will be sufficient, stable, Act. The DRR-CCA measures will be
affordable, and environment-friendly strengthened to improve the adaptive
to encourage investments. New and capacity and resiliency of ecosystems
renewable energies will generate clean and communities by enhancing the risk
power, electricity rates will be reduced, and assessment process, improving database
the reach of electrification will be expanded. and information management systems,
strengthening institutions, and establishing
Information and communication climate and disaster-resilient structures.
facilities and services will be effective,
efficient, interconnected, and affordable. Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration
Interconnectivity among government (Chapter 21). The PDP and the Bicol RDP
offices will be ensured, internet recognize the special circumstances of
coverage will be expanded, and the OFs and their families and work to protect
number of cell sites will be increased. their rights and improve their well-being.
Because of the growing number of OFs,
Social infrastructure facilities and appropriate mechanisms must be established
services will be made adequate, safe, to efficiently respond to the challenges of
accessible, cost-effective, and resilient. international migration and development to
ensure safe, orderly, and regular migration.

05
Ensuring People-
Centered, Clean, and
Efficient Governance
Chapter 5
Ensuring People-Centered,
Clean, and Efficient
Governance
A high level of trust among the citizens, private sector, and government,
is key towards the attainment of inclusive growth. Maintaining the
public’s trust in the government is the cornerstone of a high-trust society.
This chapter discusses the strategies to ensure a people-centered, clean,

efficient, and effective governance that will address the long-standing
challenge of building public’s trust and confidence in the government sector by
strengthening institutions, engaging and empowering citizens, and providing
enabling mechanisms to improve access to public goods and services.
Assessment and Challenges

The sector outcome on ensuring people- constituents on how the LGU budget were
centered, clean, efficient and effective managed and disbursed. However, it was
governance partially attained its targets as not attained. Of the 120 LGUs, a 15 percent
manifested by the increase in compliance drop was noted in the number of compliant
with Program to Institutionalize LGUs, from 100 in 2016 to 85 in 2018.
Meritocracy and Excellence in Human
Resource Management (PRIME-HRM) Among the reasons for low compliance was
Maturity Level II. However, a decrease the lack of adequate manpower of LGUs
in LGU compliance with Full Disclosure to prepare FDP reports. Nevertheless, 100
Policy (FDP), lesser number of LGUs percent of the agencies assessed by the Civil
conferred with the Seal of Good Local Service Commission (CSC) passed the Anti-
Governance (SGLG), and a decrease in Red Tape Act (ARTA) Report Card Survey
the number of LGUs recognized under the (RCS). Intensive information campaigns
Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness on ARTA were initiated to attain the target.
Index (CMCI) Survey were noted.
On the SGLG, all levels of the local
In 2018, the target was to attain 84 percent government were assessed in seven areas
compliance with the FDP, a policy which namely: Good Financial Housekeeping
requires the LGUs to post financial (GFH), disaster preparedness, social
documents in the FDP portal and in protection, business friendliness
three conspicuous places to inform the and competitiveness, peace and
Chapter 5 Ensuring People-Centered, Clean, and Efficient Governance | 47

order, environmental management, and infrastructure projects, and on local roads
the tourism and the arts. For 2018, eight and bridges. Under the Sagana at Ligtas na
LGUs or 6.7 percent from the Bicol region Tubig sa Lahat (SALINTUBIG) program,
successfully passed the assessment and the 17 LGUs were recipients of projects worth
validation. The province of Camarines PhP92 million. As of December 2018, 13
Norte; the cities of Legazpi, Iriga, and LGUs have been given the fund for the
Naga; and the municipalities of Paracale, implementation of the projects where
Bula, Siruma, and Pilar were conferred the seven subprojects are already ongoing.
SGLG award and received a Performance
Challenge Fund (PCF) incentive to support To institutionalize feedback response and
their local development projects. Despite mechanisms, RA 11032 or the Ease of Doing
this, the overall performance of the LGUs Business and Efficient Government Service
on the SGLG declined from 10 awardees in Delivery (EODB-EGSD) Act amended the
2016 to eight in 2018. Among the reasons Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007. The new law
for the decline was the difficulty of LGUs in prescribes shortened processing periods
meeting the new criteria set on the SGLG. in business and non-business transactions,
and requires national agencies, government
With the technical assistance given to owned and/ or controlled corporations
agencies, all of the 167 agencies monitored (GOCCs), and LGUs to set up electronic/
by the CSC in 2018 have an approved online systems to make application processes
Strategic Performance Management System for business permits and other documents
(SPMS) which is the basis for assessing faster and more convenient to the public.
the agency performance vis-a-vis the
organizational targets. Meanwhile, of the 57 To assess each agency’s human resource
LGUs with submitted Performance Financial management (HRM) competencies, systems
Management Improvement Plans (PFMIP), and standards, and practices toward human
only 21 have been validated on-site. Factors resource excellence, the CSC launched the
that contributed to the 36.84 percent PRIME-HRM. Since the launching of the
decrease include the lack of capacity of program, 232 agencies have conducted self-
LGUs to craft the PFMIP. The SPMS and the assessment using PRIME-HRM Maturity
PFMIP are important documents that will Level indicators with the supervision of CSC
enable the agencies and LGUs to contribute Region 5. Fifty-four assessed agencies were
to an enhanced administrative governance. recognized to be compliant with PRIME-
HRM Maturity Level II. Twenty-three agencies
To improve involvement of citizens in were recognized to be compliant with any of
governance, technical assistance on the four HR systems (Recruitment, Section
Community Based Monitoring System and Placement; Learning and Development;
(CBMS) was provided to 41 municipalities Performance Management; and Rewards and
under the Bottom-Up-Budgeting (BuB) Recognition). Out of 17 on-site assessments
Program. Under the Assistance to conducted by CSC Region 5, only seven
Disadvantaged Municipalities (ADM) agencies were awarded with PRIME-HRM
program, 99 LGUs were assisted in 2018. One bronze level award as 100 percent of their HR
of the deliverables under the implementation systems were compliant with Maturity Level II.
of ADM program is the provision of capacity
development interventions for the LGUs In terms of competitiveness, the CMCI
focusing on water sector, DRR and other annual ranking aims to make the country

more globally competitive by measuring a set and decision making. Involving the
of local criteria that include: (a) Economic public means providing them with the
Dynamism, (b) Government Efficiency, opportunity to be heard, to contribute,
(c) Infrastructure, and (d) Resiliency. In and to influence public decisions. This
2018, the cities of Legazpi, Naga and Iriga move also promotes trust that no one will
were in the top 20 overall CMCI ranking, be left behind in development initiatives.
with Legazpi being the Most Competitive
Component City, Naga as the second ■ Promoting transparency and
Most Competitive Component City, and improving performance management
Iriga as 9th Most Competitive Component measures in the government. All
City. Tabaco City and the municipalities government agencies and LGUs need
of Polangui, Pili, and Donsol were also to establish their websites where
in the top 20 under various categories. government data such as annual
Comparing the data from 2016, the number reports, plans, budget, programs and
of recognized LGUs in the overall ranking projects, and other relevant documents,
dropped by 40 percent, while a fluctuating including migration information
number of LGUs joining the CMCI was and directives can be accessed by the
noticed from 89 in 2016, 103 in 2017, and public. All LGUs should fully comply
down to 90 in 2018. One cited reason in the with the FDP and pursue excellence
decrease in participation was the difficulty in all aspects of good governance,
of obtaining and compiling data that will while providing basic services to the
suit the CMCI indicators, thus, the challenge people. The implementation of public
to encourage more LGUs to join and to financial management (PFM) reforms
improve overall CMCI rankings continues. remains a challenge. These reforms
include linking and harmonizing
The following are the challenges during the planning and budgeting, accounting
plan period: and auditing in government. Further,
implementation of national policies
■ Ensuring efficient and effective on streamlining government processes
delivery of public services. This including business processes at
should be done at all levels to improve local level needs to be strengthened.
government processes and transactions. Conducting intensive training at the
Complex and unnecessary regulations local level will contribute towards
and processes should be streamlined to efficient delivery of public service.
facilitate government transactions, such
as in the application for business permits ■ Strengthening the culture of
and for passports. Easy access to public performance and accountability
information is important for efficient among civil servants. The principle
processing of government transactions. of performance-based tenure and
incentive system should be observed
■ Improving the participation of the by the civil servants. Improvement in
citizenry in regional development. human resource management such as
Public participation in the affairs of assessment of competencies, systems
the government should be increased to and practices of agencies is also needed.
promote a consultative process in policy

■ Improvement of facilities including to a more efficient and seamless
Information Technology (IT) delivery of public services. With the
facilities across government sector. updated IT network and facilities
Improving government facilities in place, compliance to government
including IT equipment will contribute requirements will be enhanced.
Action Plan
Ensuring people-centered, clean, efficient achieved; and (d) civil service strengthened.
and effective governance will contribute to
enhancing the social fabric or “Malasakit” The strategic framework to improve
towards laying down the foundation governance adopts a culture-sensitive
for inclusive growth, a high-trust and perspective, gender-sensitive paradigm,
resilient society, and a globally competitive and human rights-based approach in public
knowledge economy. By 2022, the following service. This ensures that the interests
subsector outcomes should have been of vulnerable sectors such as indigenous
achieved: (a) citizenry fully engaged and peoples, persons with disabilities, women,
empowered; (b) administrative governance youth, and children are well considered.
enhanced; (c) seamless service delivery
Targets
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 targets to the SGLG; (c) proportion of LGUs with
increase the following: (a) percentage PFMIP; (d) full implementation of
of LGUs fully compliant with the FDP; EODB; and (e) proportion of agencies
(b) percentage of LGUs conferred with compliant with PRIME HRM levels.
Strategic Framework
Figure 5.1 Strategic Framework to Ensure People-Centered, Clean, Efficient, and
Effective Governance, 2017-2022

Strategies
The following strategies will help feedback from the citizens, such as
achieve the subsector outcomes to the Contact Center ng Bayan (1-6565)
address the challenges presented above: or the President’s hotline 8888 will be
strengthened. Compliance of agencies
Subsector Outcome 1: Citizenry fully and LGUs with the provisions of RA
engaged and empowered 11032 or the EODB-EGSD, previously
ARTA, will be ensured to promote
■ Promote participatory and inclusive responsive governance. Consistent
governance. The role of civil society monitoring of the public sector’s
organizations (CSOs) in regional compliance with the policy will be done.
development will be strengthened
through issuances of related guidelines, ■ Ensure public access to information.
circulars, and joint memoranda. The existing transparency initiatives
Recognizing the role of CSOs, their such as the Transparency Seal and
membership to the functional Local Citizen’s Charter will be sustained. All
Development Council (LDC) is agencies and LGUs will be encouraged
recommended to be added as SGLG to develop their websites so that data
indicator. This strategy will enable the and information about government
CSOs to join government activities, processes and transactions will be
such as identifying, implementing, and accessible to the public. Full compliance
monitoring of government projects. to FDP will be required of provinces,
Providing capability building and cities, and municipalities. The
funding support for CSOs is needed to monitoring system of the FDP will be
enable them to actively participate in strengthened and a mechanism will be
the local development planning process. devised to assist non-compliant LGUs
and agencies. Continuous provision
■ Institutionalize feedback, complaints of IT infrastructure for internet
and response mechanisms at all levels. accessibility and free wi-fi access
Citizen involvement plays a vital role to all public places will be pursued.
in good governance, as the citizens are
at the receiving end of laws, policies, Subsector Outcome 2: Administrative
governance, and services. They are governance enhanced
essential contributors to the decision-
making, policy-making, and service ■ Strengthen results-based performance
implementation of the government. management, PFM and accountability
Through feedback mechanisms, the systems. Public financial management
citizens will feel empowered to provide reforms aimed at promoting effective
ideas for the improvement of services. and honest governance will be
This is also a way for service providers continuously pursued to ensure the
to know whether or not policies are integration of the planning, budgeting,
properly implemented or are working. cash management, accounting, and
Existing mechanisms on soliciting auditing processes. A sound PFM system

helps reduce the opportunity for System (eBPLS) in all city and municipal
fund misuse, aids decision-makers in LGUs. With the eBPLS, the processing
allocating funds to achieve the greatest time and requirements in business
good, and makes public spending registration and business renewal were
transparent. Further, performance trimmed to improve performance and
measurements will be refined, and the competitiveness of the LGUs. Further,
monitoring and evaluation systems the implementation of the EODB,
of performance targets through the which aims to provide timely and
SPMS, will be strengthened. This responsive government services, will be
is a mechanism that links employee strengthened following the prescribed
and organizational performance to processing time based on category
enhance the performance orientation of transactions as defined by law.
of the compensation system.
■ Improve productivity of the public
■ Promote best practices on good sector. This will be done by promoting a
governance. The LGUs will be culture of innovation, institutionalizing
encouraged to adopt, sustain, and management practices, automating
promote best practices on good office processes, and improving
governance. The Department of knowledge productivity. Facilities
the Interior and Local Government will be modernized, government
(DILG) criteria for the SGLG will be quality management systems will be
used in measuring the performance upgraded, and business continuity
of LGUs in all aspects of governance. will be ensured to achieve efficient
public service delivery despite
■ Strengthen linkages between and natural and human-made threats.
among agencies. The strategy involves
strengthening the linkages between Subsector Outcome 4: Civil service
and among agencies at the national strengthened
and sub-national levels in all aspects
of the development process from ■ Improve the HRM systems
planning, investment programming, and processes. Competency-
and monitoring and evaluation. based recruitment, selection, and
placement procedures will be
Subsector Outcome 3: Seamless service observed, competency-based learning
delivery achieved and development systems will be
intensified, career development and
■ Implement regulatory reforms. succession planning will be improved,
Improving and simplifying government and sharing of HR management best
processes and transactions will practices across the bureaucracy will
be continuously pursued to make be promoted. All these initiatives will
government transactions easier and support the continued implementation
less costly. This involves streamlining of the PRIME-HRM, a government-
the business process by establishing the wide initiative aimed at improving
electronic Business Process Licensing HRM systems and processes.

■ Develop and invest in human resource. project development, implementation,
Capability and capacity building and monitoring and evaluation.
interventions for first and second level
civil servants will be conducted to hone ■ Promote shared public service
competencies, to encourage innovation, values. Adherence to the values of
and for them to become more flexible. professionalism, excellence, integrity,
Government civil servants will be and non-discrimination in public
provided with continuous capability service will be strengthened through
advancement and training opportunities increased awareness of civil service
to improve public service competency. values and norms among all government
Capacity building activities for LGUs personnel, and the strict monitoring of
will be strengthened, particularly implementation of anti-corruption laws
in the areas of integrated planning, and provisions under the RA 11032.
investment programming, budgeting,
Legislative Agenda
The proposed legislative agenda to ensure people-centered, clean and efficient governance
are presented in Table 5.1.
Table 5.1 Legislative Agenda to Ensure People Centered, Clean and Efficient Governance
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION

Strengthen culture of planning within the This will involve improvement on the vertical and horizontal linkages across
government government sectors to ensure alignment of the strategies to the medium-term
plan.
Build up implementation of EODB and EGSD Compliance to the EODB and EGSD Act to deliver satisfactory public service
Act will be intensified.
Review of SGLG requirements to strengthen To provide guidelines for LGUs to comply with the SGLG criteria
compliance

06
Pursuing Swift and Fair
Administration of
Justice
Chapter 6
Pursuing Swift and Fair

Administration of Justice
The delivery of swift and fair administration of justice is imperative
in enhancing the social fabric and building a high trust society. This
chapter provides strategies and supporting policies, programs, projects,
and activities that will improve the justice system in the region.
As mirrored under the PDP, the Bicol RDP 2017-2022 Midterm Update
supports the shift from the traditional institutions-based approach of justice
administration to a more sector-based approach, highlighting the
strengthened coordination among the justice sector institutions,
agencies, and actors to ensure a swift and fair administration
of justice that is more responsive to the demands of clients.

The performance of the justice sector in The average jail congestion rate in Bicol
the region improved, as manifested by decreased from 396 percent in 2016 to 299
the higher percentage of cases disposed, percent in the first quarter of 2019. Of
on time release of qualified persons the district jails (DJ) in the region, Tigaon
deprived of liberty (PDL), increase in DJ recorded the highest congestion rate
the number of beneficiaries of Victims at 974 percent, followed by Virac DJ at
Compensation Program (VCP), 705 percent, and Labo DJ at 536 percent.
and decrease in jail congestion rate. Of the 29 jails being maintained by the
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
Based on Department of Justice (DOJ) (BJMP) Region 5, about 79 percent
Region 5 data, the case disposition rate in have congestion rates beyond its full
the region improved from 94.5 percent capacity, with only one jail not congested.
in 2016 to 97.9 percent in 2018, higher by
8.9 percentage points based on RDP 2018 The rehabilitation of the inmates by the
target. All qualified PDLs were released BJMP Region 5 was done in partnership
and transferred to other penal institutions with other line agencies and CSOs.
on time and this is higher than the 2016 Various interventions such as livelihood,
performance. This improvement is due to the psychosocial activities, and religious and
increase in number of prosecutors, timely behavioral management initiatives were
monitoring of reports, and recognition of top introduced. Intensified dissemination
performing prosecution offices in the region. drive of agencies, capacity building
Chapter 6 Pursuing Swift and Fair Administration of Justice | 57

activities for personnel, and the on-time facilities such as buildings and office
release of qualified PDLs were also initiated. spaces for the key players in the justice
The Regional Rehabilitation Center for system; (b) the lack of involvement of the
Youth (RRCY), a rehabilitation home private sector in expediting the resolution
established in 2010, continuously of petty cases on family relations, women
provided 24-hour care, treatment and and children; and (c) lapses in data and
rehabilitation services for the children information sharing among agencies such
in-conflict with the law (CICL). In 2018, as between the PNP and the Commission
the RRCY served a total of 111 CICLs on Human Rights (CHR) wherein the
with 43 new referrals. Of the total CICLs, PNP restricts the CHR from acquiring
44 percent are considered rehabilitated. information relative to human rights
cases due to the Freedom of Information
To effectively advocate human rights (FOI) Policy of the agency which limits
concepts, policies and issues to the the CHR from performing its function.
public and vulnerable sectors, 14 cases
of human trafficking were filed in 2018. Various challenges continue to
Among the contributing factors are the hamper the delivery of swift and fair
active involvement by the members of the administration of justice. These include:
regional anti trafficking task force, and the
continuous information campaign on anti- ■ Need to strengthen coordination
trafficking practices. However, the target among agencies involved in the five
to increase the percentage of resolved pillars of justice system. Traditionally,
human rights related cases was not achieved the five pillars of the justice system
because of the high number of cases to be perform their respective roles and
resolved and the insufficient number of mandates independently, narrowing
lawyers to handle these cases. From 68 their focus to their spheres of
percent in 2016, the average rate of resolved authority, with less coordination and
human rights cases dropped to 39.6 percent complementation of activities. As
in 2018. To provide venue for issues such, judicial remedies fail to provide
and concerns on human rights violation immediate and adequate redress,
including violation against women and resulting in procedural inconsistencies
children (VAWC) cases, human rights desks and lapses in policy guidance. To
were established at the Philippine National address this, the creation of the
Police (PNP) regional headquarters and Regional Justice Committee (RJC)
at provincial, city, and municipal police under the Development Administration
stations. The number of cases on VAWC Committee (DAC) of the Regional
received by the PNP decreased from 3,118 Development Council (RDC) was
in 2017 to 2,348 cases in 2018. The VCP of explored. Series of consultations
the DOJ Region 5 benefitted a total of 184 with concerned agencies from the
individuals in 2018, higher by approximately executive and judiciary branches
14 percent from the previous year. of government were conducted.
However, due to the autonomy of the
Other issues observed that hindered the Supreme Court which prevents it from
delivery of swift and fair administration being a member of any development
of justice are (a) inadequate infrastructure council, the initiative was put on hold.

■ Need to improve the disposition cases, categorized under heavy caseload.
of case. Although an increase in the
number of personnel was noted over the ■ Need to address congestion of jail
years, the uneven ratio between public facilities. Despite the decrease in jail
attorneys, prosecutors and judges vis- congestion rate, a 299 percent jail
à-vis the caseloads contributes to the congestion rate in the first quarter of
piling up of cases, and delays in case 2019, is still one of the major issues
hearings. The cases handled and/ or in the region. A jail cell is considered
filed outnumber the cases resolved congested when the number of inmates
in normal operations, resulting to occupying such cell exceeds the standard
backlogs which further aggravate jail occupant capacity of 4.7 square meters
congestion. In 2018, one prosecutor per inmate. It has to be addressed
handled an average of 102 cases. Of the because jail congestion results in health
14 Prosecutor Offices (PO) in the region, and sanitation problems, and negatively
the Iriga City PO recorded the highest affects the rehabilitation of the PDLs.
caseload per prosecution officer at 279
Action Plan
The delivery of swift and fair administration of government human rights obligations.
of justice is imperative in enhancing the To achieve these, the Bicol RDP highlights
social fabric and in building a high trust the need for harmonized efforts and
society. By 2022, the Bicol RDP aims to seamless coordination among the
enhance and improve the (a) civil and different actors involved in civil, criminal,
criminal justice systems, (b) sector efficiency commercial, and administrative justice.
and accountability, and (c) implementation
Targets
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 aims to (a) under the VCP; (c) decrease the average
increase the percentage of cases disposed; jail congestion rate; and (d) increase the
(b) increase the number of beneficiaries average rate of resolved human rights cases.

Strategic Framework
Figure 6.1 Strategic Framework to Pursue Swift and Fair Administration of Justice,
2017-2022
Strategies
The following strategies will help the coordination and cooperation of the
achieve the subsector outcomes to different agencies involved in the five pillars
address the challenges presented above: of the justice system – law enforcement, the
public prosecutor, the judiciary, correctional
Subsector Outcome 1: Access to civil and institutions, and the community.
criminal justice systems enhanced
Deliver justice real time. This strategy
Support the creation of Justice Zones. will be operationalized through inter-
To ensure that issues and concerns of the agency efforts to improve the
judicial sector will be efficiently addressed timeliness in the delivery of swift
towards a more effective and efficient justice and fair administration of justice by:
system, the region supports the creation
of Justice Zones, which is a key program ■ Further streamlining and improving
of Justice Sector Coordinating Council the processes in the justice system.
composed of the Judiciary, DILG and DOJ The implementation of Continuous
to speed up the resolution of cases filed in Trial Guidelines that reduces time
court and decongest jails. Justice Zones gaps between trial procedures, will
will provide a venue or a platform for further be enhanced by introducing

electronic and multimodal means of level, and among law enforcers,
providing services and communication, prosecutors, public attorneys, and
all to be voluntarily agreed upon by administrative and regulatory agencies.
the parties. Acceptance of paperless Community-based dispute resolution,
motions, pleadings and other court especially in indigenous communities
documents will be pursued to facilitate and remote areas, will also be explored.
the filing and litigation processes. To Court hearings and proceedings will
ease preliminary judicial procedures, be brought to remote areas through
the eSubpoena and eWarrant systems the “Justice on Wheels.” In addition,
will be enhanced. The eSubpoena is the Katarungang Pambarangay, a
an automated notification system that system of dispute resolution instituted
enables the courts to send subpoenas in all barangays which seeks to
via email to the police witnesses and promote the speedy administration of
the units where they are assigned. This justice by providing all avenues to an
will help monitor police compliance amicable settlement, will be enhanced.
of subpoenas issued by the court. The
PNP’s eWarrant system will allow Subsector Outcome 2: Sector efficiency
easy search, viewing, and retrieval and accountability improved
of information relating to a person
with an outstanding warrant of Deliver fair and equal justice. This will
arrest or a previous arrest record. be done through an impartial and non-
discriminatory administration of justice
■ Pursuing reforms to decongest jail which promotes inclusion. To deliver
facilities. To facilitate the resolution of fair and equal justice, access to legal
cases and help in the decongestion of aid, assistance and protection, will be
jails, strict observance of rules of court improved. Access to justice will be made
for the speedy disposition of cases will more inclusive, especially for persons with
be undertaken. Parole and mediation special needs including women, children,
cases, especially those involving senior citizens, persons with disability,
senior citizens, will be monitored and indigenous peoples. The DOJ will
regularly and legal assistance will be strengthen its victim/ survivor assistance
provided. Jail management systems work by developing child-sensitive and
will be harmonized and unified, and victim-centered approaches to child rescue
mechanisms relative to the status and operations, case build-up, and prosecution.
prioritization of cases of inmates will be The implementation of the VCP and Witness
established. Grant of good conduct time Protection Program (WPP) of the DOJ will
allowance (GCTA) to deserving PDLs, be intensified. Further, gender-sensitive,
and plea bargaining in drug cases will child-friendly, and accessible public
be adopted to reduce jail congestion. assistance desks and interview rooms will be
established, while the women’s and children’s
■ Strengthening alternative dispute desks in every locality will be sustained.
resolution mechanisms. To speed up To address the fragmented mechanisms
the resolution of cases, the Alternative in existing witness protection and victim
Dispute Resolution (ADR) will be assistance programs for child witnesses and
strengthened, including at the barangay victim-survivors, coordination between

the Department of Social Welfare and To ease the workload and contribute to
Development (DSWD), PNP, and DOJ faster resolution of cases, filling up of
will be strengthened. For inmates with no vacant positions for public attorneys,
legal counsels, access to legal aid, especially judges and prosecutors will be prioritized.
for the poor and the marginalized sector,
will be provided through non-government Subsector outcome 3: Implementation
organizations and other legal private of government human rights obligations
groups, including law students under enhanced
internship programs. The BJMP and the
Parole and Probation Administration Effectively advocate human rights-based
will continue its paralegal programs approach, concepts, policies and issues to
that look after the rights of detained the public and vulnerable sectors. Human
individuals on pre- or post-conviction. Rights – Based approach will be adopted in
the national and local development planning
Promote accountability through an and governance. Regional line agencies
engaged citizenry. Citizens engagement (RLAs) and LGUs will be encouraged to
and participation will be sought as necessary incorporate the principles of the human
to ensure that the voices and interest of rights-based approach in the preparation of
all, particularly the marginalized, are development policies, plans and programs,
considered in decision making. Advocacy and in plan monitoring and evaluation.
and information campaign initiatives in the
community, particularly at the barangay Human Rights-Based Policing will
level, will focus on the mandates and be pursued. It is a strategic approach
policies relative to the justice system. At the that reorients the police organization
same time, inclusion of topics on the justice from the traditional policing models or
system in the school curricula, will be theories based purely on social control or
pursued to gather support from the public. repression, to a new paradigm anchored
on genuine respect for human rights and
Enhance sector efficiency. This includes the dignity, transparency, accountability, rule
institutionalization of the PNP performance of law, and people’s active participation in
governance system, full implementation democratic governance. This will ensure
of the unified justice information that police abuses will not be committed.
system, and conduct of capability
building programs for all stakeholders. The CHR will intensify its efforts to facilitate
access to justice by: (a) strengthening its
The Single Carpeta System or the Inmate monitoring and evaluation mechanisms; (b)
Management Information System, a empowering the poor and marginalized to
nationwide comprehensive case monitoring seek response and remedies for injustice;
and information system that tracks the (c) improving legal protection, awareness
progress of cases/clients from one agency and aid; and (d) strengthening linkages
to another, will be adopted. With the between formal and informal structures.
said system, the amount of time spent in The implementation of its core programs
preparing reports on investigation and will be intensified to include documentation
supervision of clients, and in retrieving and management of complaints of human
records will be reduced significantly. rights violations, monitoring of human

rights condition in detention facilities and against marginalized and vulnerable
penal rehabilitation centers, and provision sectors of society, the CHR will strengthen
of independent forensic services and its collaboration and partnership with all
medico legal services in aid of investigation. national government agencies (NGAs),
independent constitutional commissions,
Strengthen collaboration with LGUs, and CSOs. Data and information
government entities and other human sharing among duty-bearers and authorities
rights groups. To effectively and fairly particularly between the PNP and the CHR
deliver its mandate to conduct investigations will be strengthened to facilitate resolution
on human rights violations, particularly of cases relative to human rights violation.
those involving civil and political rights
Legislative Agenda
The proposed legislative agenda to ensure the pursuance of swift and fair administration of
justice are presented in Table 6.1.
Table 6.1 Legislative Agenda to Pursue Swift and Fair Administration of Justice

Establish a Unified Penology System A unified penology system will address the highly fragmented set-up of the
correctional system in the country.
Create New Courts Study the distribution of courts under BP Blg. 129, the Judiciary Reorganization
Act, in relation to the population per proposed court location, historical volume
of filings, and the existing dockets of the courts in that location. As necessary,
existing courts may be redistributed and new courts must be created.
Create additional positions for prosecutors As new courts are created, there must be a corresponding increase in the
and public attorneys number of public prosecutors and public attorneys to be assigned to courts
for trial duty.
Codify the Philippine Criminal Laws Codify all penal laws, update the Revised Penal Code provisions, and adopt a
historical compilation-type of codification similar to the US Federal Statutes
compilation.
Streamline land ownership laws and Streamline the rules to impose the mandatory consolidation of causes of action
remedies available in accordance with relating to the same real property, whether for possession, ownership, and/or
existing laws such as Indigenous Peoples’ damages.
Rights Act
Strengthen the witness protection and Strengthen the Witness Protection Program to protect whistleblowers, and
whistleblower protection encourage more witnesses to be covered and remain as witness towards the
successful prosecution, especially for heinous and high profile crimes.

07
Promoting Philippine
Culture and Values

Chapter 7
Promoting Philippine Culture

and Values
Culture characterizes a people’s way of life and includes the knowledge, beliefs,
art, law, morals, customs, values, ideas, sentiments, and other capabilities
acquired by a person as a member of society. Culture and values are crucial
factors in rebuilding and transforming communities, and if harnessed for
the common good, these threads will bind the social fabric of our society.
The Bicol RDP prioritizes the following: (a) safeguarding and enshrining our
cultural heritage; (b) achieving equity and inclusion in access to cultural
resources and services; and (c) enhancing and sustaining the cultural
assets to foster creativity and innovation for socio-economic growth.

Government efforts to inculcate Filipino and training programs. Advocacy on the
values for the common good, and the value of volunteerism is being sustained
preservation of Bicol’s rich cultural by the Philippine National Volunteer
heritage intensified with the Service Coordinating Agency (PNVSCA)
implementation of the various with the conduct of a yearly search for
programs and projects that include outstanding volunteers. In 2017, two
public service values program, values Bicolano volunteers were conferred with
orientation workshops, youth forum National Outstanding Volunteer Award
on culture and the arts, and cultural for their outstanding volunteer service
regeneration of indigenous people leaders. in the field of education and agriculture.
The National Commission for Culture and In support of the IP Education Program,
the Arts (NCCA) conducted orientation the following activities were conducted: (a)
sessions and planning workshops to chanting, tigsik, rawit-dawit, ethnic songs
promote Bicol region’s culture and arts. and dances of IP youth and children during
In 2019, a research study on the Filipino the IP culture program in Dangcalan,
values that foster common good was Sorsogon; and (b) Culturally Adaptive
conducted and is now on its final stage of Basic Education and Health Integrating
validation. The Technical Education Skills Indigenous Knowledge Systems and
and Development Authority (TESDA) Practices. In 2018, the Philippine Indigenous
started mainstreaming cultural education Peoples Ethnographies, one of the flagship
in their programs by integrating the programs of the National Commission on
21st century skills in the curriculum of Indigenous Peoples (NCIP), was removed
registered technical, vocational education from the budget of the agency which
Chapter 7 Promoting Philippine Culture and Values | 67

resulted to the non-implementation conservation of six Gabaldon school
of various PAPs, including the buildings, St. John the Baptist and Our Lady
documentation of the Indigenous of the Gate churches (declared as national
Knowledge Systems and Practices. treasures), indigenous people’s museum
and library, and the construction of Center
Initiatives aiming to protect, safeguard, for Cultural Planning and Heritage in
and promote cultural diversity Catanduanes are being undertaken. The
were implemented. Documentation, century-old Escurel-Sabater House in
preservation and conservation of tangible Gubat, Sorsogon is being restored for
and intangible heritage were initiated conversion as Gubat Heritage Center by
at the local level yet the lack of cultural the LGU of Gubat, Sorsogon. The transfer
experts, writers and historical materials of title of property from Sabater Family
remains a concern. With the assistance of to Gubat LGU is now being processed.
the DOT, the LGU of Iriga City published
the city’s history manuscript entitled “The In 2019, a total of eight municipalities in the
Travails of a City Historic Odyssey.” In the region have engaged in cultural mapping
province of Albay, one artifact and three activities, making Bicol as the region with the
churches were declared as National Cultural most number of LGUs undertaking cultural
Treasure (NCT), namely: Cagsawa Ruins mapping using the NCCA framework.
Church and Our Lady of the Gate Church These LGUs are: Masbate City; San Pascual,
both in Daraga, and St. John the Baptist Claveria, and Monreal in Masbate; San
Church in Tabaco City. The Mataas Shell Jose in Camarines Sur; Oas and Camalig
Scoop, an artifact recovered from Bacacay, in Albay; and Barcelona in Sorsogon.
Albay, and classified as NCT (tangible and
movable), is now being preserved at the Efforts to instill in the consciousness
National Museum. The Barit Bridge in Iriga of Bicolanos the culture of creative
City and St. John the Baptist in Camalig, excellence were intensified. In 2017, the
Albay were declared as Important Cultural Salikha, a program of the Commission
Properties (ICP). An ICP is a cultural on Higher Education (CHED) and the
property which has been singled out from NCCA, granted financial assistance to
among the innumerable cultural properties higher education institutions (HEIs) for
as possessing “exceptional cultural, artistic, creative projects designed to mainstream
and /or historical significance” to the cultural education and appreciation in
Philippines. In 2017, there were 94 cultural higher education. Two HEIs in the region
properties in the Bicol Region listed in the offer culture and arts education program in
Philippine Registry of Cultural Property. their curriculum, i.e., Bicol University with
These cultural properties are listed its AB Speech and Theater Arts course, and
under tangible and immovable category. the Naga College Foundation in Camarines
Sur with its AB Speech and Drama course.
Initial activities for the preservation In both courses, low enrolment rate was
and conservation of heritage were done. observed. The University of Sto. Tomas-
Heritage structures are the links of the Legazpi (formerly Aquinas University of
present generation to the past, but these Legazpi) launched the Bikol Studies Center
structures are vulnerable to the impact in line with its thrust to promote, propagate,
of climate change. The preservation and and preserve the Bicol culture and heritage.

The center aims to (a) undertake studies on Tulo; Salampati; Tikong-tiko; Hilong
humanities, social sciences, agriculture, Pagkamoot; Kasadorang-Berde; Bestidang
natural/physical sciences, and education; Maputi; Ano Daw Idtong sa Gogon; Si
(b) publish research studies and technical Nanay, Si Tatay; and Sarung Banggi.
monographs; (c) conduct capacity building
programs and conferences on research, Three Bicolanos were recognized as
cultural activities and social formation National Artists by the NCCA and the
of HEIs, agencies and organizations; (d) CCP. Manuel Conde of Camarines
collaborate and establish linkages with Norte, and Lino Brocka of Sorsogon were
other local culture and history groups posthumously conferred as National
and national government agencies Artists for Cinema, while Ramon Obusan
dealing with history and culture; (e) of Albay was recognized as National Artist
provide research services for local history, for Dance. However, there is no inventory
culture and the arts; and (f) integrate of recognized and awarded creative works
research outputs in the curriculum. and artists in other fields, i.e., architecture,
visual arts, music, theatre, broadcasts, and
Regional initiated culture and arts literature. The availability of data on the
festivals and competitions were continuing education programs for artists
conducted to enhance and nurture and cultural workers, and the number of arts
creativity, inventiveness, innovativeness, and design schools remain major concerns.
and entrepreneurial mindsets among the
Bicolanos. These include: (a) Tagubhang, In 2017, Bicolano talents were recognized
a continuous rendition and performance internationally, namely: (a) Baao Children
of oral narrative tradition of the people and Youth Choir of Baao, Camarines Sur,
of Partido district in Camarines Sur, (b) 3rd place under Youth and Ethnic Category
Regional Sining Tanghalan, Regional during the Langollen International Musical
Choral Competitions, a promotion of Eisteddfodd held in South Wales, United
the distinct local culture that provided Kingdom; and (b) Ligao National High
opportunities for convergence among non- School Voice Chorale, 1st place under Ethnic
government organizations, private sector, category, 2nd place under Youth Category,
other stakeholders, and the Department and a special Audience prize during the
of Education (DepEd); and (c) Pasale V Busan International Choral Festival and
(Cinema Rehiyon-Bikol) implemented by Competition held in Busan, South Korea.
the Ateneo de Naga University in 2018,
a gathering of filmmakers and artists To help build appreciation of Bicolano
based locally, and those who originated creativity, the LGU of Gubat, Sorsogon
from Bicol. “Salampati,” a book of choral revived its century-old industry of
arrangements of some Bikol folk songs salanigo weaving by conducting exhibits
arranged by Ruben Federizon and edited of hand-woven slippers made of salanigo
by Maria Christine Muyco, in partnership which is indigenous to the town. The
with NCCA, was launched at the Cultural revival of the ancient salanigo weaving
Center of the Philippines (CCP). The will help alleviate poverty in the upland
folk songs in the book include Kudot- barangays of Gubat as it offers livelihood
Kudotan; Gamgam na Periko; Saro, Dowa, opportunities for the local population.

To strengthen culture-sensitive Representation (IPMR) in their provincial
governance and development, legislative councils. Only two out of 32
coordination mechanisms for cultural municipalities with IP communities have
planning and programming between IPMRs in the municipal legislative councils,
national and local governments was and only 119 out of 214 barangays have
intensified. The Regional Committee on IPMRs in their local legislative councils.
Culture and Values (RCCV) was created The under-representation of IPs in local
in March 2018 as a special committee councils impede the implementation and
under the Bicol RDC to serve as a mainstreaming of culture in governance.
regional coordinating body for culture
and values to ensure that the cultural Protection of rights of vulnerable sectors
development programs and projects of to access cultural resources and live a life
the different stakeholders are aligned with free from discrimination and fear was
the PDP and RDP. Through the RCCV, strengthened. The economic welfare of
the NCCA has established closer linkage the IPs was ensured through the conduct of
with LGUs in the region to align efforts various training and orientation sessions
on cultural preservation, inventory of to capacitate and upgrade their skills.
cultural properties, cultural mapping, These include (a) product processing,
and other culture-related activities. packaging, labelling and marketing
workshops; (b) abaca weaving and
In 2018, 19 of the 120 LGUs in the region production; (c) nipa shingles making; (d)
created their local culture and arts councils root crops production; (e) crop insurance
(LCACs). This include the provinces of and rice farming; and (f) pili/cacao/
Masbate and Sorsogon; the cities of Legazpi coffee plantation production. The first IP
and Ligao; and 15 other municipalities. cooperative in the region was registered
Despite the legal mandates, promotion with the Cooperative Development
of culture is seemingly not among the Authority (CDA) under the name of Tiwi
priorities of the LGUs as manifested by the Indigenous Peoples Asenso Consumers
absence of a culture component in their Cooperative. The IP community members
respective provincial or municipal plans, were also trained on disaster preparedness
and the low compliance of LGUs with IP with mainstream techniques in responding
mandatory representation in local policy to emergency situations. Youth Leadership
making bodies as provided for under the Training was conducted to capacitate and
Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997 empower IP youth to fulfill their respective
which recognizes the right of indigenous roles in building a morally, socially
communities to participate fully, should and spiritually upright IP community.
they choose, at all levels of decision-making
in matters that may affect their rights, lives, Advocacy activities were conducted
and destinies. Despite DILG’s issuance to capacitate IP leaders and elders
of MC 2017-133 which mandates LGUs in addressing violations of IP rights.
to create local culture and arts councils, Documentation of indigenous traditional
the four provinces in the region with methods of resolving conflicts or amicable
IP communities (i.e., Albay, Camarines settlement of the Indigenous Cultural
Norte, Camarines Sur, and Sorsogon) Communities/Indigenous Peoples (ICCs/
have no Indigenous Peoples Mandatory IPs) was conducted in two CADT areas.

A manuscript on the said activities are: (a) inadequate funding to continue
was printed. Orientations on various Programs, Activities and Projects
government programs such as the (PAPs) on cultural development and
Alternative Learning System (ALS) promotion, (b) weak integration of
and the expanded program of the culture in education and development
Modified Conditional Cash Transfer planning, (c) undefined role of indigenous
were also undertaken to orient the IPs of communities in local development, (d)
government services available for them. limited research on culture and the arts,
and (e) lack of management conservation
Among the gaps and challenges in plan across all levels of government.
promoting Philippine culture and values
Action Plan
Promoting the Philippine culture and the common good, the Bicolanos will
values aims to enhance the social fabric have greater awareness of their diverse
and build people’s trust in government culture and values, creative excellence is
and in each other towards building a high advanced, and culture sensitive governance
trust society and a globally competitive and development is strengthened. Figure
knowledge economy. The plan envisioned 7.1 presents the strategic framework to
that by 2022, significant progress has been promote Philippine culture and values.
achieved towards inculcating values for
Targets
The Bicol Updated RDP 2017-2022 targets provinces with IPMR from zero in 2015 to 99
to (a) increase the number of LGUs with percent in 2022 through the implementation
LCACs from 15.8 percent in 2018 to 60.8 of the revised IPMR Implementing
percent in 2022; (b) increase the percentage Guidelines or NCIP Administrative Order
of LGUs with local cultural inventories No. 3, s. 2018) and strengthen the selection
submitted to NCCA from 2.6 percent in process among IPs/ICCs and issuance of
2018 to 97.4 percent in 2022; and (c) increase Certificate of Affirmation to IPMR by NCIP.
the number of municipalities, cities, and

Strategic Framework
Figure 7.1 Strategic Framework for Promoting Philippine Culture and Values, 2017-2022
Strategies
The following strategies will help achieve private institutions). A set of core values
the subsector outcomes to address the that fosters the common good will be
challenges: determined at the national level. Once
these values are identified, they will be
Subsector Outcome 1: Values for the promoted at the regional level so that
common good inculcated. institutions in both the government and
private sectors, including the family
Instilling values for the common good, which is the basic institution, are able to
into the consciousness of all citizens incorporate them in their operations and
will provide the needed positive work ethics. Once established, families,
and transformative change that will local communities, civil organizations,
eventually lead to a high trust society. work places, formal and informal
education system, and media platforms
Maximize the use of various channels will be tapped to ultimately inculcate the
of values inculcation to reach all core values among the general population.
community members (government and

Increase government efforts in promoting raise awareness about the country’s cultural
values that foster the common good. The diversity. Various agencies will collaborate
production and dissemination of information to disseminate these information materials
materials on the identified set of core values to their respective stakeholders, including
will be intensified. Through the RCCV, overseas Filipinos who may be reached
PAPs that promote these Filipino values through the Philippine embassies abroad.
will be identified, integrated, implemented,
and reviewed across all levels and sectors. Institutionalize the implementation
of heritage conservation plans and
Mainstream cultural and values education programs. The LGUs, in cooperation with
in the basic, technical, vocational, and NGAs and private stakeholders, will develop
higher education systems. Reforms in and conserve tangible cultural and heritage
the curricula will be pursued to include sites in their respective areas and make
development of 21st century skills them disaster and climate change resilient.
(communication, collaboration, creativity
or innovation, and character). Promotion Expand inclusive cultural structures as
of these values will take advantage of the civic spaces for dialogue and cultural
reform in the basic education curriculum, exchange. Cultural infrastructure and
particularly with regard to the development facilities will be used as venues for fostering
of 21st century skills. The desired outcome social cohesion and valuing cultural
of the reform is to ensure that students, as diversity. These include museums, cultural
future leaders and workers, are equipped centers, archives, libraries, art galleries,
with not only functional literacy and skills, and other cultural facilities. The use of
but also with the values necessary to become embassies for the regular engagement of
productive and ethical members of society. Filipinos abroad in cultural
In addition, other means and channels for initiatives shall be institutionalized.
values formation will be utilized through
the collaboration of several agencies to Subsector Outcome 3: “Pagkamalikhain”
cover all stages of human development. or creative excellence advanced.
Subsector Outcome 2: Our diverse A culture of creative excellence needs to be

cultures valued instilled in the consciousness of the people
as the foundation for a globally competitive
Valuing cultural diversity requires its knowledge economy. To achieve this, the
recognition, protection, safeguarding, following strategies will be implemented:
and promotion, as well as mechanisms
for preservation. To achieve this, the Develop Filipino creativity as a tool
following strategies will be implemented: for social cohesion, and culture-based
industry and creative economy. Learners
Intensify development, production and in the academe need to appreciate at a young
dissemination of information on Filipino age the importance of inventiveness and
culture. The HEIs will be encouraged to creativity. Inter-disciplinary collaboration
undertake research on culture by tapping among public and private sectors will
research grants. At the national level, boost innovation in various areas. The
learning materials will be developed to government will nurture certain mindsets

such as an entrepreneurial spirit that in their local development plans.
rewards industry and smart work, giving Pursue institutional reforms for cultural
primacy to design that reinforces cultural development. The establishment of local
and national identity, generating solutions culture and arts councils and allocation of
through innovation, and valuing intellectual funds similar to the gender and development
property. Advancing the value of creative (GAD) fund will be supported. The LGUs
excellence will be integrated with the will be encouraged to take the lead in
inculcation of values that foster the common developing and implementing cultural and
good and appreciation of diverse cultures, heritage programs and activities in their
so that creativity is developed together respective areas. Related to this, government
with core values. (Refer to Chapter 14) policies on the conduct of cultural activities
will be reviewed so that empowered LGUs
Build appreciation of Filipino creativity. are able to initiate and undertake cultural
To harness the potentials of creative development and promotion activities.
excellence, agents of creativity will be
empowered and supported by an institution Strengthen the protection of the rights
that will encourage the production of of vulnerable sectors to access cultural
creative works, investment in human resources and live a life free from
capital development of its stakeholders, discrimination and fear. The membership
support their products, and development of vulnerable sectors (IPs, women, youth
of industry. (Refer to Chapter 9) and children, differently-abled persons)
in local governance will be promoted and
Subsector Outcome 4: Culture- institutionalized. This will allow them to
sensitive governance and development participate in the formulation of policies
strengthened. and measures that concern their sectors.
The government plays an important role Develop cultural assets in the region.
in the nation’s cultural development as Considering the geographic location of the
it can provide the needed resources to country, it is necessary to broaden access to
ensure the preservation and development cultural resources and activities in the region.
of Philippine culture, and the exploration These assets include historic and cultural
and understanding of Philippine complexes that can serve as hubs for cultural
history. In addition, LGUs can support education, entertainment, and tourism,
community initiatives to include culture which can contribute to economic growth.

Legislative Agenda
The proposed legislative agenda to promote culture and values are presented in Table 7.1.
Table 7.1 Legislative Agenda to Promote Culture and Values

Commemorating the enactment of the IPs’ Declare a national non-working holiday for the recognition and promotion of
Act the rights of IPs
Creating the Department of Culture Reorganize the NCCA into the Department of Culture and the Arts, define its
Power and Functions
Establishing the Kawanihan ng Pagsasalin/ Establish an institutional mechanism for accreditation and professionalization
Bureau of Translation of translators in Filipino and other Philippine languages
Creating LCACs and Providing Appropriate Organize the LCAC and the office for culture and arts in LGUs tasked to protect
Funds and promote local cultural heritage and arts; Appropriate funds shall be
provided which is similar to the GAD Fund or Special Education Fund

08
Expanding Economic
Opportunities in
Agriculture and
Fisheries
Chapter 8
Expanding Economic
Opportunities in Agriculture
and Fisheries
As an agriculture-based economy, the Bicol region has high potentials in the
agriculture and fisheries (AF) sectors. The PAPs were implemented and provided
to expand economic opportunities in the AF, and to increase access to these
opportunities by farmers and fisherfolk towards reducing inequality. Halfway
through its implementation, the potentials may have not been fully attained due to
some setbacks but the continued collaboration of the various stakeholders suggest
considerable possibility in achieving the end of plan targets of the AF sector.

The Bicol RDP aims to expand economic 12 units of diversion dams, while 404
opportunities in AF by achieving a GVA hectares of rice areas were restored due to
in AHFF growth rate of 2.5 to 3.5 percent the rehabilitation and restoration of the
annually. The GVA in AHFF accelerated seven units of diversion dams and three
from 2.6 percent in 2017 to 3.2 percent in units of small water impounding projects.
2018 due to the 3.2 percent expansion in
Agriculture and Forestry coupled with the Corn production increased by 7.85 percent
accelerated growth of 3.3 percent in Fishing. from 2016-2018. However, a 2.53 percent
decline was noted from 2017-2018 (Figure
Palay production gradually increased from 8.1). To improve productivity, the soil
2016-2018. In 2018, palay production amelioration program has been continuously
increased by 1.15 percent or 15,360 metric implemented, and high-quality seeds were
tons (MT) from 1,335,080 MT in 2017 distributed to corn farmers. Among the
(Figure 1). This can be attributed to the reasons for the decline from 2017-2018 are
aggressive implementation of the Inbred the drought experienced in Masbate and
Seed Exchange Program or the Farmers’ the very low buying price of corn in the last
Production and Exchange of High-quality quarter of 2018 that triggered some farmers
Inbred Rice Seeds. Under the Irrigation to shift to other high value crops (HVC).
Network Services implemented by the
Department of Agriculture (DA) in 2018, Abaca fiber production increased from
around 428 hectares of new rice areas 26,196 MT in 2017 to 28,712.86 MT
were developed with the completion of in 2018 or an increase of 6.33 percent.
Chapter 8 Expanding Economic Opportunities in Agriculture and Fisheries | 81

However, these figures are lower than Coconut production increased by 9.79
the 2016 production of 30,016 MT percent from 2016-2018. Although a
primarily because of the devastation decrease was noted from 2016-2017 due
caused by Typhoon Nina. The province of to the onslaught of typhoon Nina in
Catanduanes continued to have the highest December 2016, it was able to recover in
abaca production at 19,043 MT in 2018. 2018 (Figure 8.1). The implementation
The province of Sorsogon showed great of various PAPs such as the participatory
improvement in its production with an coconut planting and replanting project,
increase of 82.99 percent from 2017-2018. coconut seed farm development project
A total of 480,865 planting materials were and coconut fertilization project
produced in 2018 from seed banks, tissue contributed to the increase in production.
culture laboratories, nurseries and seed-
derived projects. These planting materials The production of other major crops
were distributed to 15 groups and 35 such as banana, pineapple, mango,
individual farmer recipients (Figure 8.1). calamansi and peanut, increased
from 2016-2018 (Figure 8.2).
Figure 8.1. Production of Major Crops, Bicol Region: 2016-2018
Figure 8.2. Production of Other Major Crops, Bicol Region: 2016-2018

The DA continuously implemented the registering a negative growth rate of 1.60
agricultural modernization program percent and 0.86 percent respectively
to enhance the farmers’ productivity (Figure 8.3). Production of carabao,
by reducing production cost and hog, chicken and ducks both for meat
by minimizing post-harvest losses. and eggs, showed an accelerated growth
Pursuant to the Agriculture and Fisheries for the period 2016-2018. The increased
Modernization Act, budget allocation livestock production can be attributed
in the region was increased from 2017- to the distribution of semen straws that
2019 to fund projects related to irrigation, infused genetically superior animal
postharvest facilities, infrastructure, breed, the drugs and biologics for disease
credit, research and development, training, control, and the training opportunities on
and other agri-fishery interventions. intensified livestock and poultry production
provided by the DA. Production costs
Livestock and poultry performed well in however, increased due to the rising
2017 and 2018, with only cattle and goat prices of fuel and other production inputs.
Figure 8.3. Livestock and Poultry Production, Bicol Region: 2016-2018
Total fishery production increased by 7.6 ensured supply of quality breeders and
percent with aquaculture increasing the fingerlings; (c) production of 68,293
fastest at 28.5 percent, followed by municipal kilograms of seaweed propagules that
fishing at 1.4 percent, and commercial fishing contributed to more investments in
at 1.2 percent. The positive performance of seaweed farming; (d) provision of fishing
the fishery sector can be attributed to the gear and technologies; and (e) intensified
(a) distribution of 21.32 million fingerlings information and education campaigns
and seed stocks; (b) maintenance of nine especially on “Malinis at Masaganang
production and technology stations that Karagatan” and “Balik Sigla ang Ilog at Lawa”.

Figure 8.4. Fisheries Production, Bicol Region: 2016-2018
Generally, the improved performance through the distribution of various farm

of the agriculture sector is attributed to implements and construction of post-
the provision of infrastructure facilities, harvest facilities, under the Agricultural
promotion of quality inputs, strengthened Machinery, Equipment, Facilities and
capacities on R&D, and effective fisheries Infrastructures Program (AMEFIP).
management, and receptiveness of farmers to
adopt productivity improving technologies Strengthened capacities on research and
to include farm machineries, equipment, development. The institutionalization
and fishing technologies and gears. of the R&D Committee under the RDC
in 2017 paved the way for a harmonized
Infrastructure facilities were R&D agenda approved in June 2018.
provided. Infrastructure facilities were The Camarines Norte Lowland Rainfed
provided through the Philippine Rural Research Station collaborated with the DA
Development Project Intensified Building and the Camarines Norte State College and
up of Infrastructure and Logistics for Visayas State University on the conduct of
Development (PRDP IBUILD). Some 37.87 studies under the Enhancing Productivity
kilometers of farm-to-market roads (FMRs) and Marketability of Queen Pineapple
linking production with consumption areas program, funded by the Department of
worth PhP378.7 million was provided by the Science and Technology-Philippine Council
project. In 2018, 97 FMR projects, with a total for Agriculture, Aquatic, and Natural
length of 73.50 kilometers, were constructed Resources Research and Development
under the regular program of DA worth (DOST-PCAARRD) for 2016-2019.
PhP35 million, in partnership with the In 2018, the Philippine Fiber Industry
DPWH. Irrigation facilities were provided Development Authority (PhilFIDA) Region
through the Irrigation Network Services 5 implemented seven researches that were
of the DA, and the irrigation development implemented in the 1st District of Sorsogon.
program of the National Irrigation A research for the conservation of abaca
Administration (NIA). (Refer to Chapter 19) germplasm was implemented in the Albay
and Sorsogon tissue culture laboratories.
Utilization of farm machineries and
equipment, and fishing technologies Productivity of the agriculture sector
and gears were promoted. Farm generally improved. However, decreasing
mechanization support was provided buying prices of agricultural commodities

especially on rice and coconut, deters the damaged, and less productive farms to
accelerating agricultural transformation. increase production and yield per hectare.
To address the issue on low buying price,
the RDC created a Regional Task Force The DA conceptualized the Survival and
(RTF) on Rice and Coconut to explore Recovery (SURE) Assistance and the
immediate solutions to help respond to the Production Loan Easy Access (PLEA)
urgent concerns of the rice farmers in the programs to help farmers recoup their
region. Another challenge is containing agricultural losses. For 2018, PhP36.3
the spread of the ASF that will affect not million loan assistance under SURE was
only large farms but also backyard raisers. released to 1,766 farmers through eight
To prevent the spread of the ASF virus, the lending conduits in the provinces of
DA-Bureau of Animal Industry prepared Albay, Camarines Sur, and Catanduanes
an operational plan to prevent the entry, which were affected by typhoon Nina in
control the spread, and eliminate the December 2016, the Mayon eruption in July
causative agent of ASF in case of outbreak. 2018, and typhoon Usman in December
2018. Under the PLEA program, PhP59.2
Diversification was promoted through million loan assistance was released
various market-related activities in 2018 to 1,425 farmers through five
conducted under the HVC Development conduit banks covering the provinces
Program of DA including trade fairs of Albay, Camarines Sur, and Sorsogon.
and international exhibits and linkages.
Land tenure security of farmers was
Support to priority provincial commodities. protected. The Department of Agrarian
To create livelihood opportunities in the Reform (DAR) distributed 2,026
abaca-farming communities especially for hectares under the Comprehensive
women, youth, senior citizens and persons Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) to
with disability (PWD), the PhilFIDA, 1,259 agrarian reform beneficiaries, and
in collaboration with LGUs, conducted issued 1,259 Emancipation Patents and
various training sessions with a total of Certificates of Land Ownership Award.
253 farmer-beneficiaries participating.
The following are the challenges that need
The DRRM strategies were instituted in to be addressed:
the rice program to mitigate the effects
of climate change. Seeds, buffer stocks, ■ Accelerating agricultural productivity.
and agricultural chemicals for quick Accelerating agricultural productivity
rehabilitation response were made available remains a long standing challenge
to farmers. The DA assisted farmers affected due to several factors. Among these
by the Mayon Volcano eruption in 2018. are (a) high cost of production,
A series of training sessions on vegetable particularly on farm inputs such as
production on protective culture were fertilizers and pesticides; (b) low farm
conducted for farmers in the municipalities mechanization as most local farmers
within the seven-kilometer danger zone. rely heavily on manual tools and other
The PhilFIDA Region 5 conducted extensive traditional farming techniques; (c)
campaigns for abaca rehabilitation and lack of irrigation facilities that could
replanting of disease treated, typhoon meet the demand for irrigation; (d)

limited access to credit and insurance that will represent the general interest of
which led farmers and fisherfolks to the group is another challenge. In most
rely on loans provided by individuals cases, the facilities and opportunities
or entities imposing exorbitant interest are available but these are provided to
rates; (e) inadequate marketing organized groups to ensure sustainability
strategies that include infrastructure of the project or engagement. However,
support; (f) low bargaining power in Bicol region, there are only a few
of farmers in determining the farm established farmers’ organizations with
gate price; and (g) threats brought sustainable institutional structures.
by climate change such as tropical Some of the farmers’ or fisherfolks’
cyclones, heavy rainfall, flooding, groups organize when there are benefits
drought, and volcanic eruption. to be received, but they disengage or
become inactive when no projects
■ Increasing farmers and fisherfolks are given to the organization. Given
capacity. Increasing the capacity of these factors, there is low investment
the farmers and fisherfolks to establish in agriculture and fishery which
a highly dependable and sustainable affects not only the sector but also
farmers’ or fisherfolks’ organizations the economic gains derived from it.
Action Plan
The remaining three years of Plan The strategies emphasize improved
implementation will focus on the two productivity, increased enterprises in
desired sector outcomes namely, (1) the agriculture and fisheries sector,
expanding the economic opportunities in and strengthened collaboration with
AF, and (2) increasing access of farmers agencies from different sectors to attain
and fisherfolks to such opportunities. integrated approach in addressing the
issues and concerns of the AF sector.
Targets
The full implementation of the plan will 2.0 to 3.0 percent at the end of the plan
significantly address the challenges and period, livestock and poultry at 3.0 to 4.0
constraints of the AF sector. Among the percent, and forestry at 2.0 to 3.0 percent
major targets in expanding economic growth. Another critical target is the 25
opportunities in agriculture and fisheries percent growth in value of production of
is to attain 2.5 to 3.5 percent growth of fisheries in commercial production, one
gross value added (GVA) in agriculture, percent in municipal production, and
forestry and fisheries. Specifically, the five percent in aquaculture production.
GVA growth in crops is estimated to be

Strategic Framework
Figure 8.5 Strategic Framework to Expand Economic Opportunities in Agriculture and
Fisheries, 2017-2022
Strategies
The following strategies will help achieve Subsector Outcome 1: Agriculture
the sector and subsector outcomes to and fishery productivity improved
address the challenges presented above: Implement the Rice Tarrification Act.
One of the key provisions of the Rice
Outcome 1: Economic Opportunities Tarrification Act is the creation of the Rice
in Agriculture and Fisheries Competitiveness Enhancement Fund
Expanded (RCEF), sourced from tariff revenues
of rice imports to support rice farmers

and fund innovative undertakings to further Promote utilization of farm machineries
strengthen the rice industry. The RCEF will and equipment, and fishing technologies
be earmarked for the provision of farm and gears. The use of safe, quality, efficient
machineries and equipment (50 percent); and climate-resilient production and
development, propagation and promotion postharvest-related machineries and
of inbred rice seeds (30 percent); access to equipment (tractors, threshers, combine
credit facility (10 percent); and teaching harvesters, planters and others) will be
skills, training and knowledge transfer promoted to minimize production losses and
(10 percent). The Rice Tarrification Act labor costs. Farmers and fisherfolks will be
supports several Bicol RDP strategies such as encouraged to adopt locally manufactured
promoting utilization of farm machineries and tested machinery and equipment to
and equipment, promoting the use of boost the local manufacturing industry.
quality of inputs, providing credit financing, Processing facilities will be established such
and capacitating agri-fishery based MSMEs. as milling centers, rice processing centers,
grain centers, dairy processing centers, and
Provide support infrastructure. New cold chain technology and facilities. The
irrigation systems will be constructed machinery, equipment and facility support
in potentially viable areas. Focus shall programs for agriculture, fisheries, and
be on the construction, installation, and MSMEs will be provided by DA, Department
rehabilitation of small-scale irrigation of Trade and Industry (DTI) and DOST. The
projects/systems (SSIPs); maintenance of the RA 10601 or the Agriculture and Fisheries
national and communal irrigation systems; Mechanization (AFMech) Law will be
and adoption of integrated water resource implemented. There will be a social policy
management practices, and watershed for farm laborers that may be displaced
management approach. Supplemental due to farm mechanization. The Bureau of
irrigation for rice, corn and other HVCs Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) will
to boost productivity will be provided by establish and operationalize the community
the DA in areas not served by the NIA. fish landing centers and fish processing
plants to improve fisheries post-harvest
The farm-to-market roads shall connect and cold chain technology and facilities.
production areas to the market. An
inventory will be conducted to identify Promote quality of inputs. The supply
missing links and possible new road of quality seeds and brood stocks to the
networks needed. The FMRs and local farmers will be ensured. Modern, high
roads will connect coastal landing points yielding, and climate resilient seeds and
and postharvest facilities. The road planting materials, brood stocks and other
standards to be adopted will be those similar interventions will be provided to
prescribed for national highways that have farmers and other beneficiaries engaged in
bigger carriageways and can handle heavier agricultural activities. Animal health and
loads such as the local roads constructed breed will be improved, and disease free and
by the DPWH under the DOT-DPWH high yielding varieties of planting materials
Convergence program. The FMRs program will be made available to the farmers. These
under the DA and World Bank PRDP will be done through the production support
and Irrigation Development Program of programs of the DA, PhilFIDA, Philippine
NIA will be pursued. (Refer to Chapter 19) Coconut Authority (PCA) and BFAR.

Strengthen capacities on Research regulations including the strengthening
and Development. Investments in of measures against illegal, unreported,
R&D especially those that generate and unregulated fishing, implementation
productivity-improving technologies of boat/vessel and gear licensing, and
and farm management practices will monitoring of compliance with catch
be augmented. The R&D will focus on documentation; (b) intensify information,
generating new knowledge, information education and communication (IEC)
and innovation. The existing scientific campaign on resource conservation and
knowledge base (basic research) will be compliance to fishery laws; (c) establish
enhanced and practical applications of the fishery reservation and conservation areas;
existing scientific knowledge base (applied (d) implement close season for selected
research) will be generated. The technology species in some fishing areas; and (e)
commercialization and adoption of basic provide livelihood to affected fisherfolks.
and applied research will be done by
research institutions, state universities Develop the environment for the practice
and colleges (SUCs) and the private of agri-fishery professionals. Positions for
sector through the intensified conduct municipal agriculture development officer
of midstream and downstream R&D will be created to integrate DA services at the
projects to include localizing or adopting LGU level. The DA will have an agriculture
technologies up to the farm level. Extension development officer in every municipality
support will be strengthened by LGUs for to integrate all their services. There is also
greater adoption of technologies. Personnel a need to review the decentralization of
of the research institutions, SUCs, and the agriculture extension services from DA
private sector will be capacitated. The R&D to LGUs. Programs to encourage young
programs of agencies and SUCs and the agriculture and fisheries graduates to
extension support, education and training engage in agri-fishery business operations
programs shall be undertaken. The Bicol will be developed and implemented.
Research and Development Committee
(BRDC) of the RDC will continue to Enforce and maintain a uniform and
provide the direction of the R&D agenda standard classification of agricultural
in the region. (Refer to Chapter 14) products. This aims to increase the
quality and value of agricultural
Pursue effective fishery resource commodities pursuant to the Philippine
management in the context of “Blue National Standards of the DA-Bureau of
Economy”. The “Blue Economy” will focus Agriculture and Fisheries Standards. The
on food security, promoting sustainable DTI will provide consumer awareness and
marine development and management, and understanding, not only on the standards,
creating wealth-generating opportunities but also on prices, product quality, and safety.
based on inclusive, oceans-based economic
growth. The region is rich in coastal and Subsector Outcome 2: Agriculture and
marine resources that, when harnessed fishery-based enterprises increased
sustainably, can provide viable solutions
toward achieving food security and Promote the agri-tourism industry.
inclusive growth. The following actions will Tourism as the economic driver of the Bicol
be undertaken: (a) fully implement fishery region will be linked to the agriculture

and fishery sectors. Infrastructures leading Strengthen linkage with agro-processing
to agri-tourism destinations will be industry. Linkage with agro-processing
constructed, and additional investments industry will be strengthened through
in improving farms to provide local greater participation in effective value chain
agricultural experiences to tourists will to eliminate unnecessary intermediaries and
be encouraged. Collaboration among make marketing channels more efficient.
the DOT, DA, and BFAR to improve Participation in local and international
marketing of the products and services to agri-business enterprise-related activities
promote agri-tourism will be strengthened. will be encouraged to establish local and
global networks. Market facilitation events
Promote diversification. The diversification will be conducted such as trade fairs and
program will be expanded to offset adverse market matching activities. The Gayon Asin
effects in farmers’ income due to the Orgullo Kan Bikol (G&OKB) trade fair is
lower prices of some agricultural products successfully being undertaken annually. The
such as palay and copra. Production of DA will implement marketing development
commodities with high value-adding and programs, while BFAR will provide
export potential such as HVCs, livestock, market development services to expand
and marine and aquatic products will be market opportunities for and promote
promoted. Training on farm management competitiveness of fish and fishery products.
and advisory services will be provided.
Farmers and fisherfolks shall be encouraged Capacitate agri-fishery based
to adopt good agricultural practices MSMEs. Agrarian reform beneficiary
(GAP), good animal husbandry practices organizations will be trained to manage
(GAHP), good aquaculture practices agri-fishery enterprises. The CDA
(GAqP), and good manufacturing will continuously assist cooperatives.
practices (GMP) through extension
support, education, and training services. Ensure compliance to regulations and
standards. Compliance to regulations
Support the priority provincial and standards will be ensured so that the
commodities. Priority provincial quality of the region’s agricultural and
commodities will be supported such as fishery establishments, vessels, machineries,
abaca, pili, sweet potato, livestock (goats facilities and products are at par with
and dairy cattle), cassava, pineapple, mud national and international regulations
crabs, seaweeds, native chicken, taro, and standards relative to client and
organic rice, and mango under the PRDP. consumer acceptability, health, and safety.
Engage the private sector to invest in Subsector Outcome 3: Resilience to

agri-based enterprises. The private disasters and climate change increased
sector will be engaged in investing
and setting up of more agri-fishery Enhance production opportunities in less
based industries in the countryside, vulnerable areas. Integrated production
developing local and export markets for and farm diversification will be promoted in
agricultural products, and promoting the region to build agricultural resilienceof
agripreneurship to modernize the sector. local communities. The development,

updating, and familiarization with cropping Outcome 2: Access to economic
calendar model will be pursued to adapt to opportunities of small farmers and
the changing climate. Adoption of climate fisherfolks increased
and disaster resilient crop varieties, and
simultaneous cropping and harvesting Subsector Outcome 1: Access to value
practices will also be encouraged to chains increased
maximize agricultural production.
Establish sustainable small farmers
Identify households and communities and fisherfolk organizations. With the
at risk. The conduct of hazard and assistance from DA, BFAR and CDA, small
vulnerability assessment particularly at the farmers and fisherfolk will be organized
local level will be prioritized to identify the into formal groups and will be linked to
degree of risks to which the communities processors, enterprises, and agro-enterprises.
are exposed to. Communities located in Farmers and fisherfolk organizations
hazard-prone areas will be supported with will become proactive recipients of the
appropriate DRR-CCA interventions to agricultural projects and will become
reduce disaster risks. An updated flood dependable partners of the government
and landslide susceptibility map will and private firms. These organizations
be provided to LGUs as reference for will be capacitated to form stronger
development planning. (Refer to Chapter 20) institutional structures that are sustainable,
to deal with and assert their interest
Provide mitigating measures from hazards. among various stakeholders. Training on
This will be done through engineering and value adding activities will be conducted.
non-structural measures. Adoption of These include processing, packaging and
disaster resilient infrastructure facilities will marketing, and compliance to product
also be promoted. (Refer to Chapter 19 and 20) standards and certifications that meet the
demand of local and international markets.
Strengthen the agricultural knowledge
management system. Strengthening the Promote clustering and farm
agricultural knowledge management consolidation. These arrangements
system will be the key strategy to achieve among small and medium growers will be
agricultural resilience. Training sessions promoted to take advantage of communal
and other capacity building activities aimed inputs and increase access to services
at increasing the knowledge, skills and to enhance productivity and encourage
awareness of farmers, fisherfolks, LGUs economies of scale. Consolidating small-
and other stakeholders on disasters and and medium-sized farms will allow product
climate change will be prioritized. The IEC consolidation, expand supply to existing
campaigns will be enhanced, and information markets, and open up new markets,
sharing among stakeholders on climate thereby increasing farmers’ income.
and disaster resilient farming practices
will be promoted. (Refer to Chapter 20) Link remote production areas to markets.
This will be done through the construction
of roads, ports and logistic support facilities
such as food terminals or “bagsakan”
areas by the LGUs. (Refer to Chapter 19)

Subsector Outcome 2: Access to Provide subsidy to farmers and fisherfolk.
technology increased Subsidy to farmers and fisherfolk will be
provided through farmers and fisherfolk
Promote technologies. Technologies will organizations for them to be competitive in
be promoted to reduce post-harvest losses, view of the impact of trade liberalization,
maintain the quality and increase the ASEAN integration, and the lifting of
value of agricultural and fishery products. quantitative restrictions on rice importation.
Intensify IEC and capacity building Subsector Outcome 4: Access by farmers

activities. Farmers and fisherfolks will adopt and fisherfolk to land and water resources
to new technologies through enhanced increased
information dissemination for better
understanding and appreciation of the Protect the land tenure security. Land
new approaches to agriculture and fishery tenure security of agrarian reform
practices. Capacity building activities beneficiaries (ARBs) will be protected
will be provided especially on changing by completing the land acquisition and
the mindset to cope with the demands of distribution, and installing the ARBs upon
the fourth industrial revolution. Demo issuance of Emancipation Patent/Certificate
farms, farmers’ field school and technology of Land Ownership Award and fast-tracking
fora or clinics program will be the venue the resolution of agrarian related cases.
to educate the farmers and fisherfolk.
Agricultural extension support services Revitalize the implementation of the
will be strengthened for greater adoption SAFDZ. As provided for under the
of technologies. (Refer to Chapter 14) Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization
Act (AFMA), the Strategic Agriculture and
Subsector Outcome 3: Access to financing Fisheries Development Zone (SAFDZ)
increased will be identified within the network of
protected areas for agricultural and agro-
Provide risk insurance. Risk insurance industrial development to ensure that
will be provided to small farmers and lands are efficiently and sustainably utilized
fisherfolk by implementing an innovative for food and non-food production and
crop insurance system such as a agro-industrialization. The SAFDZ will
weather index-based insurance scheme. serve as centers where developments in
the agriculture and fisheries sectors are
Provide credit financing. The small catalyzed, with an integrated development
farmers and fisherfolk will be provided with plan consisting of production, processing,
an affordable and easily accessible formal investment, marketing, human resources,
financing by implementing an innovative and environmental protection components.
loan financing window with responsive
credit delivery mechanisms. A law on Complete the delineation and delimiting
affordable and accessible credit for small of municipal waters. The delineation
farmers and/or fisherfolk should be enacted and delimiting of municipal waters will
and credit-free irrigation, seeds, and inputs be completed by the National Mapping
should be provided. (Refer to Chapter 15) and Resource Information Agency

(NAMRIA) including the issuance of local Provide fisherfolk with settlement
ordinance by the concerned municipal areas. Disaster-resilient settlement
LGU as provided for under DENR areas will be provided to fisherfolk
Department AO 2001-17 (June 13, 2001). by the National Housing Authority
(NHA) pursuant to the Fisheries Code.
Legislative Agenda
The following policy actions will be supported by the Bicol RDP 2017-2022 Midterm
Update to strengthen the effectiveness of identified strategies:
Table 8.1 Legislative Agenda to Expand Economic Opportunities in Agriculture and

Fisheries

Institutionalize the Philippine Abaca The Bicol region is the major abaca producer in the country. The
Industry Development Program institutionalization of the Abaca Industry Development Program will benefit the
region as this will respond to the development needs of the industry.
Amendment to RA 7307 (Philippine The amendment includes the establishment of a Carabao Center in the
Carabao Act) Bicol region since the water buffalo population is larger than those of other
regions where Carabao Centers exist. The center will provide the technologies,
training opportunities and research to increase carabao population, and boost
productivity as source of milk, meat and draft animal power.

09
Expanding Economic
Opportunities in
Industry and Services
through Trabaho at
Negosyo
Chapter 9
Expanding Economic
Opportunities in Industry and
Services through Trabaho at
Negosyo
This chapter covers expanding economic opportunities in industry and services
through trabaho at negosyo and extending access to such opportunities by MSMEs
and cooperatives to help reduce inequality and lay down the foundation for inclusive
growth, a high trust and resilient society, and globally competitive economy.
Towards this end, the following subsector outcomes will be achieved: (a) investments
increased; (b) competitiveness, innovativeness, and resilience increased; (c) access
to markets improved; (d) access to production networks improved; (e) access to
financing increased; and (f) productivity, efficiency and resilience improved.

From 2016-2018, the industry and The services sector grew from 6.4 percent
services sector recorded positive growth in 2017 to 8.8 percent in 2018. This growth
rates. The GVA in industry expanded also exceeded the plan target of 7.9 percent.
by 10.7 percentage points from 3.5 in The services sector includes transportation
2016-2017. The highest contributor to and communication, trade, financial
the fast growth in the industry sector is intermediation, real estate and business
construction (21.7 percent), followed by services, public administration, and other
mining and quarrying at 18.80 percent, and services including tourism services. Other
a moderate growth in manufacturing by services and public administration grew
1.2 percentage points. Electricity, gas and the fastest among these subsectors at 17.1
water supply rebounded from a contraction percent (from 9.7 percent in 2017) and 14.0
of negative 3 to 1.9 percent in 2018. percent (from 7.6 percent), respectively.
Chapter 9 Expanding Economic Opportunities in Industry and Services through Trabaho at Negosyo | 97
Table 9.1 Growth rates by major industry/sub- industry: Bicol Region at Constant 2000
Prices, in percent, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018
(2015)
INDUSTRY 2016-2017 (%) 2017-2018 (%)
BASELINE (%)
Industry 8.0 3.5 14.2

a. Mining and Quarrying 5.5 18.8
b. Manufacturing 3.4 4.6
c. Construction 4.9 21.7
d. Electricity, gas and water supply (0.3) 1.9
Services 7.50 6.4 8.8
a. Transport, storage and communication 4.0 3.5
b. Trade and repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, personal and 4.2 3.5
household goods
c. Financial intermediation 7.0 8.6
d. Real estate, renting, and business activity 5.4 3.0
e. Public administration and defense; compulsory social security 7.6 14.0
f. Other services 9.7 17.1
In 2018, the report on mineral production and of which are mined in the province of Albay.
sales reflected that the contribution of non- Under quarry, about PhP33.16 million (or
metallic minerals to the overall production 0.22 percent contribution to the non-metallic
is 5.12 percent, while production of metallic minerals) include bentonite, clay, earth fill,
minerals is 94.88 percent valued at PhP3.24 limestone, marble, pumice, and silica sand.
billion and PhP14.58 billion, respectively.
Metallic minerals mined in the region The closure of some large-scale mines
include gold and silver. For non-metallic resulted in the “transfer of technology”
minerals under commercial/industrial sand from mine employees to small-scale
and gravel, Albay province is the source of miners. However, from 2017-2019, there
aggregates, armor rocks and boulders, and was a reduction in the number of small-
sand and gravel while Masbate is source of scale mining sites in Camarines Norte and
earth fill materials. All other five provinces Masbate. Small scale miners insisted on
are sources of sand and gravel which are continuing with their operations regardless
being utilized for construction activities. of the dangers being faced because it is their
Under the Mineral Production Sharing primary source of livelihood. Table 9.2
Agreement, the minerals include limestone, presents the comparative status of small-scale
perlite, low grade perlite, and shale clay, most mining in Camarines Norte and Masbate.
Table 9.2 Comparative Status of Small Scale Mining Camarines Norte and Masbate,
Bicol Region: 2017 and 2019
CY 2017 CY 2019
TYPE
CAMARINES MASBATE CAMARINES MASBATE
NORTE NORTE
Processing Plants 11 106 1 28
SSM Sites 18 0 16 8
SSM with processing 20 0 26 15

Investment promotion programs program on enhancing tourism access
intensified. To increase investments, which paved the way for the opening of
MSMEs were encouraged to join local and new tourist destinations, and the growth of
international trade fairs. At least 30 percent the tourism industry. The improvement in
of new exhibitors were given full marketing the ports as gateways to other parts of the
assistance by the DTI each year. Trade fairs Bicol region and the Visayas and Mindanao
aim, not only to market Bicol products, islands provided better access to trade and
but to develop new entrepreneurs, as well. tourism and improved access to markets.
It is a venue for Bicol products to bear Construction by the private sector increased
new flavors and wonders to adapt to the by 36.9 percent in 2018 with the completion
growing domestic market brought about by of various malls and department stores.
ASEAN integration and the fast-evolving Chapter 19 of the updated RDP presents
globalization. This development diversified, the details of the major infrastructure
expanded, strengthened and improved the facilities constructed that supported the
quality of the Bicol craft and food industry. growth of the industry and services sectors.
Local trade fairs resulted in an average sale Investments in the production of raw
of at least PhP50 million per year which materials for manufacturing increased.
contributed significantly to the domestic The Negosyo Centers (NC) in every
sales of the region. In 2019, four regional municipality and the shared services
trade fairs were organized and participated facilities contributed to the growth in
in by 453 MSMEs/exhibitors and these the manufacturing sector and promoted
generated sales of PhP74.911 million. The investments in the region. As of 2018, 12
Orgullo kan Bikol (OKB) continuously new NCs were established, bringing to 58
provides opportunities for homegrown the total number of NCs in Bicol and serving
entrepreneurs to develop, find new markets, more clients. The province of Camarines
and become more competitive. Eight Sur expanded its NCs to 17 municipalities
travel and tourism fairs were conducted, and cities. Fifteen new shared service
highlighting food, MSME development, facilities were established and 121 were
and travel exchange. These include the 4th maintained. More MSMEs were equipped
Regional Travel Fair (RTF), 5th NAITAS with appropriate machinery, thereby
Travel and Trade Fair, 5th Regional Travel increasing their production capacity.
Fair, 30th Philippine Travel Mart (PTM), Business climate improved. The
5th Travel Sale Fair, North Philippines Expo, internationalization of MSME programs
Philippine Travel Exchange (PHITEX), encouraged the participation of MSMEs
and the OKB at the Shangrila Plaza. in foreign Trade and Business Missions
(TBM) such as the Malaysia International
Investments in infrastructure increased. Halal Showcase (MIHAS) trade fairs in
Under the industry sector, the construction Malaysia which was participated in by
industry has the highest share of five exhibitors from the Bicol region.
investments at 21.7 percent because of About 12 MSMEs joined the TBM
the Build, Build, Build Program. Notable where 73 Halal-certified products were
were the construction and improvement of featured. The MSMEs’ interest complied
access roads connecting the service centers with product-market requirements and
to tourism sites through the convergence encouraged them to be Halal-certified for
bigger markets and sales. Another Course on Housekeeping, (i) Seminar on
business mission that was participated How to Handle Persons with Disabilities,
in by about 22 exhibitors was the TBM to (j) Gender Sensitivity Training and Gender
Hongkong International Home Textile Analysis Workshop, and (k) Training on
and Furnishing Fair. Through these Homestay Program. Technical assistance
activities, the MSMEs gained new insights was provided to eight LGUs in formulating
on product development that enhanced their local tourism development plans.
their competitiveness. It was also a venue Various activities such as (a) tourism
where new product designs were marketed. awareness seminars; (b) orientations on
tourism planning guidebook; (c) visioning,
Infrastructure improved. The Build, Build, strategic planning and project development;
Build Program contributed to the subsector and (d) Local Tourism Development
outcome of increasing competitiveness, Planning, Mentoring and Coaching
innovativeness and resilience. Tourism Seminars were undertaken to aid the LGUs
related establishments (TREs) were in the orderly tourism development and
improved and accredited by the tourism management to promote a more inclusive and
department to guarantee that the facilities sustainable tourism development in Bicol.
and services of the TREs met the minimum
standards of the international market. Marketing and promotion of Philippine
Advocacy on the accreditation process in products and services and market
every tourism forum increased the number intelligence were intensified. The
of accredited TREs in the region from 225 in tourism sector contributed to the growth
2017 to 368 in 2018, registering a 39 percent in the other services sector. Tourism
growth. Inspection of TREs was conducted to development focused not only on the
ensure that the tourism facilities and services physical endowments but also on cultural
are properly maintained and improved. offerings that also considered the economic,
Chapter 19 provides the details of other social and ecological environment. The
infrastructure facilities that helped increase festivals and events boosted tourism and
competitiveness and resilience in this sector. trade, enlivened the culture and arts of
the Bicol region, and increased tourist
Advocacy and capacity-building programs arrivals, investments, and employment. The
improved. Tourism professionals and other Magayon Festival held every May, showcases
industry workers were trained to enhance Albay’s culture and arts marked by exhibits,
their skills, professionalize, and improve the shows, parades and sports. The staging of
level and quality of services offered by the the 4th Abaca Festival promoted the local
TREs to guarantee visitor experience and tourism industry and the abaca industry
satisfaction. Among the training programs in Catanduanes. The event showcased the
provided were: (a) Basic Community abaca industry from raw fiber to fabrics
Lifeguard Training, (b) Street Food Tourism and novelty items. The Pineapple Festival
Kulinarya Workshop with Food Safety and in Daet, Camarines Norte showcased the
Handling, (c) Tour Package Development, Formosa variety pineapple and featured
(d) Destination Planning, Branding, and sports events, talent and skills competitions,
Marketing, (e) Cave Guides Training, (f) cultural shows and concerts, food fair, agro-
River Guides Training with First Aid, (g) industrial fair and street dancing contests. In
Basic Life Support and Water Safety, (h) Legazpi City, about 235,790 tourist arrivals

were recorded in the second quarter of 2019. which provides micro entrepreneurs with
In June, the final stage of the Le tour de access to SSFs in their communities; and
Filipinas 10th edition cycling race ended in (c) Inclusive Business (IB) model where
Legazpi City. The sporting event promoted MSEs are linked into the value chains of
the city’s tourist destinations and showcased large companies. In 2018, 146 MSMEs were
the infrastructure developments in the city mentored and trained on entrepreneurship.
and nearby municipalities. Other events
were the 5th Motorally de Albay 2019, Access to financing increased. There was an
10th National Tour Guides Convention increase in micro-financing offices as several
and General Assembly, National Youth banks opened in the different provinces of
Pilgrimage, and the Regional Assembly of the region. From 464 banks in 2017, there
Philippine Medical Association-UNILAB. were 475 banks (151 universal/commercial
Farm tourism is emerging in Bicol. Tourists banks, 100 thrift banks, and 224 rural and
are provided with unique experiences such cooperative banks) in 2018. These banks
as visiting farms and engaging in activities and micro-financing offices offered loans
like vegetable harvesting and animal for MSMEs and cooperatives to increase
tending. Farm tours are offered in Sonrisa their capitalization. (Refer to Chapter 15)
Farm in Camarines Sur. The hosting of
national and international events boosted Access to technology increased. For the
the region’s competitiveness and created food manufacturing sector, services for
opportunities to increase tourist arrivals. MSMEs were expanded, specifically on
packaging and labelling, technology
Infrastructure, logistics and ICT training and laboratory and testing
improved. The information and services. The facilitation of Go NCs in
communication technology master plans every municipality and its shared services
and roadmaps were formulated that will facilities also contributed to the growth
propel the region towards a digitally- of the manufacturing sector. The Small
enabled economy and the Mobile Number Enterprise Technology Upgrading Program
Portability Act was passed to foster a (SETUP) and SSFs located in areas where
sense of urgency to deliver the best service the poor reside, were expanded to upgrade
for the consumers. The government is the existing testing, calibration, and quality
pursuing policies to stimulate competition assurance services to broaden access of
and further improve telecommunication MSMEs to innovative, appropriate, and cost-
services in the country. (Refer to Chapter 19) effective technologies. (Refer to Chapter 14)
Enhanced linkage between MSMEs and Entrepreneurship was encouraged. The SME
large corporations. The project Kapatid Roving Academy (SMERA) is a continuous
Mentor ME (KMME) initiative aims to help learning program for the development
the country’s micro and small enterprises of MSMEs to become competitive in the
(MSEs) through three key components: (a) domestic and international markets. Its main
Mentor ME (micro entrepreneurs) program, strategies are: (1) integration of the business
a coaching and mentoring approach where development services for SMEs at the
large corporations teach MSEs on different national and local levels; (2) establishment
aspects of business operations; (b) Adopt- of the Provincial, Regional, and National
an-SSF (Shared Service Facility) program Entrepreneurship Development Networks;
and (3) management of an inclusive Annual Environment Protection and
promotion program. In 2018, a total of 21, Enhancement Program, Annual Social
719 individuals benefited from the program. Development and Management Program,
and Community Development Program,
Climate Change Adaptation promoted. and three for Social Development
To improve productivity, efficiency, and and Management Program. Likewise,
resilience, projects that responded to inventory of six small-scale and quarry
CCA were promoted. Under the Mineral sites in the provinces of Albay, Camarines
Resources Enforcement and Regulatory Norte, Camarines Sur, Catanduanes,
Program, exploration permits were Masbate and Sorsogon were conducted.
approved for Capalonga Asian Resources
Mining Corporation located in Capalonga, To promote responsible mining in the
Labo and Sta. Elena, Camarines Norte region, two Minahang Bayan areas were
and United Paragon Mining Corporation declared: one in Aroroy, Masbate and
situated in Paracale, Camarines Norte. another in Paracale, Camarines Norte.
This is in consonance with the DAO 2018- A Minahang Bayan was also identified
13 dated July 3, 2018 which lifted the in Paracale, Camarines Norte, applied
moratorium on acceptance, processing and/ by the Magkamatao Small-Scale Miners
or approval of applications for Exploration Association. Clearance and/or approval
Permits under DMO 2016-01 by the for the establishment of a Minahang
Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB). Bayan area in Barangay Malaya, Labo,
Camarines Norte was also endorsed
Mining-related permits (288) were issued by the MGB. (Refer to Chapter 20)
such as Ore Transport Permits/Transport
Permits to Philippine Gold Processing The following are the challenges that must
and Refining Corporation (gold) and to be addressed:
UBS Marketing Corporation (perlite).
Twenty-nine Ore Transport Certificates ■ Sustain the development and
were granted to Filminera Resources marketing of competitive products
Corporation, Philippine Gold Processing and and services. The successes in
Refining Corporation, Bicol Chromite and the interventions provided by the
Manganese Corporation, Johnson Mining government have opened great
Corporation and Verzontal Builders. Other opportunities for the low-income
permits like Certificate of Environmental class municipalities such as the BuB
Management and Community Relations Projects and the Local Governance
Record (CEMCRR) and Certificate of Support Program for Local Economic
Exception (COE) were also granted to Development (LGSP-LED). But
Filminera Resources Corporation and changes in national and local
Masbate Minerals, Inc., respectively. leadership bring about the challenge
of gaining the support of newly
To ensure the safety of the people working elected national and local officials
in the mine sites and in the communities on priority programs and projects.
within the mining area, the MGB
Region 5 evaluated and granted nine ■ Increase investments in
Certificates of Approval for the companies’ infrastructure. In line with the

ASEAN integration, the region’s potentials of natural and cultural
competitiveness has to improve by resources, and on the economic benefits
enhancing access and connectivity in of tourism. This is manifested by the lack
the transportation and communication of investments in these sectors and the
services. The proposed federal non-compliance to the general labor and
government will pose a greater occupational safety and health standards.
challenge as the financial capacity of
the region cannot sustain a federal ■ Upgrade products and services to
form of government to fund the conform with international standards.
needed infrastructures that should
be reliable, disaster-resilient, and ■ Develop highly competent human
responsive to the vulnerable sectors. resources. More skills training and
capacity building activities are needed to
■ Improve the institutional structure equip industry workers and to address
at the local level. Some LGUs are the skills mismatch in the industry
not yet capable of providing an which is aggravated by outmigration.
environment conducive to private
sector investments due to the absence ■ Empower the MSMEs to cope with the
of or outdated land use plans, tourism 4th Industrial Revolution and to prevent
plans, investment incentive codes and disruption of existing industry structures.
other ordinances, and the low capacity
of LGU personnel to implement them. ■ Reduce high cost of doing business.
For the tourism services, there are This remains a major challenge due to
inadequate visitor management and such factors as (a) high cost of power and
safety measures at key sites, patchy water; (b) slow and expensive internet
provision of visitor accommodation connection; and (c) high transport
particularly high-quality resorts and cost (production and service delivery).
distinctive guesthouses. Business
registration and licensing processes in ■ Ensure compliance to safety,
some LGUs still need to be streamlined. environmental, social, and
economic requirements particularly
■ Increase public awareness on the for the small-scale mining.
Action Plan
Expanding Economic Opportunities in outcomes should have been achieved: (a)
Industry and Services through Trabaho investments increased; (b) competitiveness,
and Negosyo will help reduce inequality innovativeness, and resilience increased;
in economic opportunities to lay down (c) access to market improved; (d) access to
the foundation for inclusive growth, a production networks improved; (e) access
high-trust and resilient society, and a to financing increased; and (f) productivity,
globally competitive knowledge economy. efficiency and resilience improved.
By 2022, the following subsector
Targets
The plan targets an increasing GVA in in 2015, and a growth rate between 6.9
industry sector from PhP28 billion in to 7.9 percent in 2022. Tourist arrivals
2015 or a growth rate between 8.4 to 9.4 will be increasing by seven percent from
percent in 2022, and an increasing GVA 4.4 million and 1.04 million domestic
in services sector from PhP7.50 billion and foreign tourists, respectively in 2016.
Strategic Framework
Figure 9.1 Strategic Framework to Expand Economic Opportunities in Industry and
Services through Trabaho at Negosyo, 2017-2022

Strategies
To sustain the increased growth of the fairs will be promoted. LGUs will
industry and services sectors, the two- be encouraged to formulate their
pronged strategies on expanding economic local investment codes. Industry
opportunities in industry and services road maps will also be developed.
through trabaho at negosyo and extending
access to such opportunities by MSMEs and ■ Increase investments in infrastructure.
cooperatives will be pursued. Economic The transport infrastructure and
opportunities in industry and services will logistics will be improved to facilitate
be expanded so that investments, level the movement of people, goods,
of competitiveness, innovativeness, and and services. The ICT sector will be
resilience improve, and access to markets developed to improve knowledge and
is assured. Investments in the production ideas, and to link firms to domestic and
of raw materials for manufacturing global markets. (Refer to Chapter 19)
will be promoted. Access to economic
opportunities of MSMEs and cooperatives ■ Adopt the EODB by simplifying
will be expanded through improved access business processes, practicing
to production networks, increased access to automation, and providing power,
financing, improved productivity efficiency logistics, and infrastructure.
and resilience and climate change adaptation.
Emphasis will be given to MSMEs as ■ Link manufacturing with
drivers of sustainable and inclusive growth. agriculture and services sectors.
Sector Outcome 1: Economic Subsector Outcome 2: Competitiveness,

opportunities in industry and innovativeness, and resilience increased
services expanded
■ Enhance R&D, product
Subsector Outcome 1: Investments development, and marketing;
increased
■ Improve the business climate to
■ Strengthen value and supply chain attract investments in the region;
linkages. High value and more
profitable agribusiness enterprises ■ Improve human capital by improving
will be promoted. The agriculture the education system to produce
sector will be modernized to increase graduates in the field of science and
productivity. (Refer to Chapter 8) engineering, with the skills required
by the manufacturing industry,
■ Intensify investment promotion thus meeting labor market needs;
programs. To attract investments,
promotion collaterals will be ■ Build innovation and entrepreneurship
disseminated, and participation ecosystem by upgrading and
in local and international trade developing new industries, reskilling
or upskilling the workforce through
training programs; and improve access Sector Outcome 2: Access to
to technology and innovation through economic opportunities of MSMEs
science and technology (S&T) fairs and & cooperatives expanded
exhibits at the national and local level
and through technology fora/clinics; ■ Empower MSMEs and cooperatives
through training programs and
■ Implement RA 11293 or the Philippine exposure to market opportunities;
Innovation Act to help MSMEs
improve in the areas of education, Subsector Outcome 1: Access to
training, research and development production networks improved
towards promoting innovation
and internationalization activities; ■ Enhance the linkage between MSMEs
and large corporations, i.e. a big
■ Adopt Industry 4.0, and use brother, small brother approach will
and adapt new technologies be encouraged to facilitate global value
to strengthen competitiveness chains and develop more inclusive
and sustainability of industries; business models and social enterprise.
■ Strengthen innovation and research ■ Adopt clustering of MSMEs

particularly the newly established to achieve economies of scale,
Regional Inclusive Innovation Centers; specialization, and innovation;
Subsector Outcome 3: Access to market Subsector Outcome 2: Access to financing

improved increased
■ Improve advocacy and capacity- ■ Increase access to financing and

building programs to encourage enhance financial literacy by
businesses, especially MSMEs, to streamlining and simplifying loan
maximize export opportunities; processes for MSMEs, cooperatives,
and OFs to help them understand
■ Strengthen domestic supply and access financial products;
chains and participation in
global and regional value chains; ■ Encourage entrepreneurship.
Encourage families receiving OF
■ Intensify marketing and promotion remittances to go into business;
of Philippine products and services
and intensify market intelligence; Subsector Outcome 3: Productivity,
efficiency, and resilience improved
■ Promote digitization of the MSMEs’
operations to expand market for ■ Promote diversification by upgrading
products and services that will and diversifying the existing range
meet local and global demands; of products available in the region;
upgrading of ICT infrastructure and
online facilities will be prioritized.

■ Promote CCA to ensure that risks information on suitable technologies
and crisis management programs are and green financial products;
implemented; Climate-smart awareness
campaigns will be conducted for ■ Improve MSMEs’ productivity by
MSMEs and local authorities to provide increasing the number of NCs and SSFs.
Legislative Agenda
Enabling policies to expand economic opportunities in industry and services may require
legislative action. Table 9.3 shows the proposed policy reforms for the remaining period of
plan implementation.
Table 9.3 Legislative Agenda to Expand Economic Opportunities in Industry and Services
Through Trabaho at Negosyo

Establishment of a national quality The system will integrate and coordinate standardization, metrology, testing,
infrastructure system analysis, quality management, certification and accreditation.
Social Enterprise Bill Provide the framework for the planning and implementation of a national
poverty reduction through social entrepreneurship program to promote social
enterprise as a tool in the government’s poverty reduction program.
Amendments to RA 6977 or the Magna Further strengthening, empowering, and enhancing the financing programs of
Carta for MSMEs MSMEs to further promote entrepreneurship.
10
Accelerating
Human Capital
Development
Chapter 10
Accelerating Human Capital

Development
Under the pillar Pagbabago of the PDP/RDP, human capital development
is recognized as a means to an end (i.e., human capital as a factor of
production that will contribute to regional development), and an end in
itself (i.e., development of individuals to their full potential). Human capital
development means being healthy and well-nourished, and being able to pursue
continued learning throughout one’s life, and improve income-earning ability.
During the first three years of plan implementation, significant developments in the
health sector were accomplished particularly on infant and children’s health. Still,
there are more interventions that need to be done to reach the end of plan targets for
improved women’s health and safe motherhood. Lifelong learning opportunities
were provided at different educational levels. Various programs and services were
pursued to ensure the employability and enhance labor mobility and income security.
This chapter discusses the strategies in accelerating human capital development in

order to improve health and nutrition, to ensure lifelong learning opportunities, and
to increase income earning ability. The passage of RA 11223 or the Universal Health
Care Act, and RA 11210 or the 105-Day Expanded Maternity Law will pave the way for
better health care. Investments in education, in partnership with the different SUCs,
HEIs, and public and private schools in the region, will be continuously pursued.
Employability of senior high school (SHS) graduates will be ensured while the gaps
in policies and programs to enhance income security of workers will be addressed.

Subsector Outcome 1: Health and percent in 2017 to 18.7 percent in 2018, and
nutrition for all improved even exceeded the 2018 plan target of 37.2
percent. In addition, under-five mortality rate
Health and nutritional condition of significantly decreased from 16.25 percent
young children improved. The health and in 2017 to 9.48 percent in 2018, surpassing
nutritional condition of children improved the 2018 plan target of less than 13 percent.
with the decrease in stunting, overweight, Although the region attained its 2018 target
and under-five mortality rates. The of 7.7 percent in reducing prevalence of
percentage of stunted children below five wasting, the percentage of wasted children
years old significantly decreased from 21.3 below five years old slightly increased from
Chapter 10 Accelerating Human Capital Development | 111

6.1 percent in 2017 to 6.7 percent in 2018. day program which benefited a total
of 299,192 learners in 2018. The LGUs
Neonatal and infant mortality rates slightly also increased their budget for nutrition
increased from 8.3 percent and 13.25 services along with capacity enhancement
percent in 2017, to 9 percent and 13.93 of volunteer workers to facilitate the
percent in 2018 but these figures remain implementation of nutrition services.
within the target level of less than 12 and
19 percent, respectively. These call for Maternal mortality decreased. Maternal
more intensive interventions that will mortality per 100,000 live births significantly
reduce neonatal and infant mortality rates. decreased from 141.53 in 2017 to 114 in
2018, but fell short of the 2018 target of 100
Efforts to improve the health and nutritional per 100,000 live births. This can be attributed
condition of infants and young children to delays experienced by pregnant women
include the implementation of the First in seeking professional services, in going
1,000 Days (F1K), and providing 134 rural to health facilities, and in receiving care
health units with supplies such as Vitamin A, in health facilities. The enactment of the
zinc, iron folate, and calcium supplements. 105-Day Expanded Maternity Leave Law,
Under the Infant and Young Child Feeding which is at par with the 98-day standard set
(IYCF) program of the Department of by the International Labor Organization,
Health (DOH), a total of 281 children is expected to further improve health and
joined the Pinoy Nutrition Hub and Positive nutrition outcomes especially on maternal
Deviant Hearth sessions in the provinces of and neonatal health. The law applies to every
Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Albay, and instance of pregnancy, and the employers
Sorsogon. Technical assistance was extended are required to grant the leave regardless of
for reproductive, maternal, neonatal, child the mode of delivery, civil status, legitimacy
health, and nutrition (RMNCHN) program. of the child, and employment status. It
Under “Support to Newborn Screening covers female workers in the informal
(NBS)”, 213 NBS patients and 89 indigent economy sector, national athletes, and
patients were provided with laboratory those who are voluntary contributors to the
fees, medicines, and reimbursement for Social Security System (SSS). Maternity
transportation costs through Bicol Regional leave benefits can be extended by 30 days
Training and Teaching Hospital (BRTTH) without pay. Fathers can have seven out of
Continuity Clinic. Soya-based milk was the 105 days of leave transferred to them.
procured for galactosemia-confirmed This will expand fathers’ paid paternity
NBS patients and transportation expenses leave to 14 days. Solo working mothers
support was given to 42 indigent patients. will get an additional 15 days, for a total
of 120 days of paid maternity leave. Safe
The School-Based Feeding Program childbirth remains a concern because the
(SBFP) of the DepEd provided free proportion of births attended to by skilled
meals in all public elementary schools to health personnel only improved slightly.
learners classified as wasted and severely
wasted. The program also contributed to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
the increased participation and retention cases and incidence of infectious diseases
rates of the undernourished beneficiaries increased. The number of new HIV
by 70 percent at the end of the 120- cases detected among the most-at-risk

population and the incidence of infectious workers (OFWs), in the National Health
diseases like tuberculosis and malaria Insurance Program (NHIP), and PhilHealth
increased, but these cases are expected to coverage was expanded to include free
decrease with the enactment of RA 11166 or medical consultations, laboratory tests,
the Philippine Human Immunodeficiency and other diagnostic services. The Mental
Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Health Law or RA 11036 also provided
Syndrome Policy Act of 2018. The Philippine affordable and accessible mental
National Acquired Immunodeficiency health services for Filipinos.
Syndrome (AIDS) Council, lodged under
the DOH, is in-charge of the implementation Providing better access to health and
of the six-year AIDS Medium Term Plan. nutrition services in geographically
isolated and disadvantaged areas (GIDAs)
The War on Drugs requires more is impeded due to lack of competent health
investments on treatment and workers. Under the Human Resource for
rehabilitation centers. Around 93 percent Health Program, deployed health workers
of surrendering drug users in the region will undergo capacity building activities
were screened and assessed, and 31.4 to improve health service delivery. Health
percent of those admitted in treatment workers were not evenly distributed due to
and rehabilitation centers received high demand for professional healthcare
complete drug rehabilitation treatment. providers to meet the health needs of
However, the number of government communities in GIDAs, i.e., upland, lowland,
treatment and rehabilitation facilities landlocked, hard to reach and unserved/
in the region is not sufficient to provide underserved communities (Table 10.1).
immediate and complete rehabilitation
treatment for users of illegal drugs.
Table 10.1 Number of Health Workers
under the Human Resource for
Provision of universal access to health,
Health Program
nutrition, and family planning services
was sustained. Access to functional Health Worker 2017 2018
service delivery networks (SDNs) is being Doctors 29 13
improved through the DOH Region Nurses 1,219 1,535
5 which organized the SDN regional Rural Health Midwives 531 637
governing board and initiated the
Dentists 16 26
conduct of organizational meetings for
Medical Technicians 11 9
the signing of the SDN memorandum of
understanding and orientation with health Public Health Associates 128 128
facilities. The SDNs were launched in the Family Health Associates 127 -
provinces of Albay, Camarines Norte, Source: DOH Region 5
Camarines Sur, and Sorsogon in 2017.
The Universal Health Care Act guarantees Subsector Outcome 2: Lifelong

equitable access to quality and affordable learning opportunities for all ensured
healthcare services for all Filipinos.
All Filipino citizens are automatically More learners are in school. The Gross
enrolled, including overseas Filipino Enrolment Rate (GER) reflects the total

enrolment in a given level of education, group in a given year, was 93.56 percent
regardless of age, as a percentage of the and 75.88 percent, respectively. There
population who, according to national was a slight decrease on the NER in
regulations, should be enrolled at this level. the elementary level by 2.30 percentage
For School Year (SY) 2017-2018, the gross points, while the NER in the secondary
enrolment rate for elementary (public and level increased by 4.25 percentage points.
private) was 104.72 percent, posing a 6.03
percent decrease in the gross enrolment For SY 2018-2019, there were 1.79 million
rate from the previous school year’s 111.44 learners regionwide, in both public and
percent. For Junior High School (JHS) private schools or an increase by 1.69
in both public and private sectors, the percent compared to SY 2017-2018 (Table
GER was recorded at 97.09 percent which 10.2). For the SHS education, 145,237
was 5.37 percentage points higher than learners were in public SHS, 2,351 were in
the previous year’s GER of 92.14 percent. SUCs and local universities and colleges,
and 47,022 were in private SHS. The
For SY 2017-2018 the net enrolment increase in the number of learners implies
rate (NER) or the enrolment for the age that more school age children and young
group corresponding to the official school adults are exposed to an environment
age in the elementary and secondary that enables them to become more
levels to the population of the same age knowledgeable and productive citizens.
Table 10.2. Number of Children Enrolled, SY 2017-2019, Bicol Region

SY 2017-2018 SY 2018-2019
LEVEL
PUBLIC* PRIVATE TOTAL PUBLIC* PRIVATE TOTAL
Kindergarten 141,310 8,890 150,200 142,274 11,191 153,465
Elementary 861,464 36,192 897,656 826,585 38,108 864,693
Junior High School 480,728 62,942 543,670 516,493 66,028 582,521
Senior High School 129,753 43,586 173,339 147,588 47,022 194,610
Total 1,613,255 151,610 1,764,865 1,632,940 162,349 1,795,289
* Including SUCs and LUCs
Source: DepEd Region 5
These learners were supported by capacitated with the new competencies

71,900 teaching, teaching-related, and necessary for the roll out of the K to 12
administrative personnel who served the curricula. A total of 5,480 teachers and
basic education sector, of which 39,735 411 teaching-related staff were trained
personnel were deployed in elementary in 2018. Close teacher and administrator
schools, 21,901 in junior high schools, engagement with learners and parents may
7,407 in senior high schools, and 971 in result to improved education outcomes.
kindergarten schools. There were 1,760
personnel serving the 13 Schools Division Measures have been done to keep interest
Offices, and 126 personnel serving in school. Key government interventions
at the regional office. These teachers such as (a) the implementation of K
and teaching-related personnel were to 12 program, which aims to enhance

basic education through reforms in the has access to free, compulsory, and
curricula and addition of kindergarten inclusive education, the DepEd Region 5,
and two years to basic education, and (b) in partnership with other stakeholders, led
the expansion of the Pantawid Pamilyang the implementation of the ALS, Madrasah
Pilipino Program (4Ps) which requires Education Program (MEP), Indigenous
household beneficiaries to send their Peoples Education Program (IPED), and
children to school, resulted in the increase in the Special Education Program (SPED).
the number of learners in school. Measures
have been done to keep interest in school, The ALS provided marginalized learners
identify warning signs of dropping out, and with a viable option to formal basic
motivate high achievement among the young education. Under this learning system are
population. However, ensuring that all two major non-formal education programs:
learners successfully finish basic education the Basic Literacy Program (BLP), and
remains a challenge. Records show that in the Accreditation and Equivalency (A&E)
2018, more learners at the secondary level Program. In 2018, a total of 75,034 learners
finished the course while more learners at availed themselves of the ALS. Under the
the elementary level were unable to continue BLP, a total of 15,332 learners were served.
education within the prescribed timeframe. This program aims to eradicate illiteracy
among out-of-school youths (OSY), adults,
Survival rate indicates whether or not and in extreme cases, school-aged children
learners at the beginning grade or year will by developing the basic literacy skills of
be able to reach the final grade or year of reading, writing, and numeracy. Under the
elementary or secondary level. For SY 2017- A&E Program, which is an option for school
2018, the recorded cohort survival rate for dropouts to complete their education outside
elementary level was 94.48 percent, slightly the formal school system, a total of 10,304
lower by 0.97 percentage points than the and 49,398 ALS learners were enrolled in
previous school year. On the other hand, the elementary and secondary level, respectively.
cohort survival rate for secondary level was
85.02 percent, higher by 7.59 percentage The MEP provides a brand of education
points than the previous school year. that is culture-based and contextualized to
the needs of Muslim learners through the
The completion rate indicates if learners implementation of the Arabic Language and
on the first grade or year level of education Islamic Values Education Program in public
finish the level in accordance with the schools and the Refined Standard Madrasah
required number of years of study. For SY Curriculum in the private madaris or
2017-2018, the completion rate for schools. In 2018, there were 349 elementary
elementary level was at 93.22 percent, and 187 secondary Muslim learners. About
lower by 1.44 percentage points than the 58 of these learners benefitted from the
previous school year, while the completion private madaris provided with financial
rate for the secondary level was 83.19 assistance and 49 azatids or teachers were
percent, higher by 9.24 percentage provided with compensation and allowance,
points than the previous school year. and underwent the in-service training.
Education for every Bicolano was made The SPED ensures that basic education
accessible. To ensure that every Bicolano services address the needs of

learners with special needs. In 2018, a total Efforts to provide an organized and
of 1,993 learners were served, namely: (a) systematic data collection of basic
916 elementary gifted and graded learners, education statistics were made. The
(b) 904 elementary non-graded learners, Enhanced Basic Education Information
and (c) 173 secondary graded learners. System was continuously improved to
generate relevant statistics for a more
The Assistance to Students and Teachers efficient decision-making process. The
in Private and Non-DepEd Public Schools Learners’ Information System is a web-
Program was implemented to help learners based technology that requires the active
pursue secondary schooling, and teachers in participation of all teachers, principals,
private schools. The program is composed planning officers, and other DepEd personnel
of three components, namely: (a) Education in all levels of governance throughout the
Service Contracting (ESC) Program that country. With these collaborative efforts
extends financial assistance in the form of from all levels of education system, the
tuition subsidies to qualified elementary DepEd was able to provide better and
school graduates who wish to pursue appropriate interventions to address the
secondary education in private schools; needs of learners and teachers. Mechanisms
(b) Teacher Salary Subsidy which provides were developed and enhanced to improve
salary subsidies to licensed teachers in ESC the efficiency of the administration of
schools; and the (c) SHS Voucher Program internal systems of the department.
which provides qualified public and private
JHS graduates with government subsidies Access to higher education expanded.
that will enable them to enroll and study Education services improved with
in private and non-DepEd public schools the implementation of the Universal
licensed to offer the SHS Program. Table Access to Quality Tertiary Education
10.3 presents the number of grantees. Act which started in SY 2018-2019.
The government provided funds to
Table 10.3. Number of Grantees, Assistance cover tuition fees of students enrolled
to Students and Teachers in in SUCs, local universities and colleges,
Private and Non-DepEd Public and technical-vocation education and
Schools Program, 2018 training programs. As a result, enrolment
in public HEIs increased by 10 percent.
Grant/Assistance Type Number of
Grantees
■ More students were awarded with
Education Service Contracting Program 40,421
full scholarship from 157 in 2017
Teacher Salary Subsidy (TSS) 571 to 279 in 2018 under the Student
SHS Voucher Program for Non-DepEd 39,455 Financial Assistance Programs of
Public Senior High Schools the CHED Region 5 despite the
Total 80,447 limited number of slots downloaded
to the Bicol region. But there was a
Source: DOH Region 5 reduction in the number of slots and
programs (Partial Scholarship, Partial
Scholarship-GAD, Tulong Dunong and
Study Now Pay Later Plan) due to the
implementation of the Free Education
and Tertiary Education Subsidy.

The conversion of state colleges Dr. 80 beneficiaries completed the full cycle
Emilio B. Espinosa, Sr. Memorial State employment from life skills training (LST),
College of Agriculture and Technology technical skills training to internship. The
(DEBESMSCAT); Camarines Sur graduates were mostly out-of-school youth,
Polytechnic College (CSPC); and Sorsogon high school and college level graduates who
State College (SSC), into state universities underwent a ten-day LST. They were trained
and the Camarines Sur Institute of Fisheries on technical skills such as hair dressing, heavy
and Marine Science (CASIFMAS) into a equipment operation, customer service,
polytechnic institute is expected to improve housekeeping, and contact center service
the quality of education and to better respond by partner technical-vocational institutions.
to the educational needs of the region.
However, the grant of university status to The enactment of RA 11261 or the First
the DEBESMSCAT, CSPC, and SSC is still Time Job Seekers Assistance Act, barred
pending, subject to the schools’ compliance government agencies from collecting fees or
with CHED Memorandum Order No. charges from first-time job seekers, unless
46, Series of 2012 prescribing the policy the fee is in connection with the application
standards to enhance the quality assurance for certificates or documents that are
systems of higher education institutions. usually required in seeking employment.
Subsector Outcome 3: Income earning Unemployment slightly increased and

ability increased underemployment remains high. In 2018,
the Bicol region’s labor force expanded with
Labor market interventions were the entry of new college and senior high
provided. Work opportunities were school graduates for SY 2017-2018. The
offered to students and youth through the Annual Labor and Employment Estimates
Special Program for the Employment of in 2018 recorded a labor force participation
Students, the Jobstart Program, and the rate of 60.9 percent which was higher by 0.8
Government Internship Program. Under percentage points compared to that of 2017.
the Department of Labor and Employment Bicol region’s labor force population reached
(DOLE) Integrated Livelihood and 2.5 million, equivalent to 60.9 percent of
Emergency Employment Program the total population, 15 years old and over.
(DILEEP), about 8,361 and 7,038 qualified
beneficiaries were provided with livelihood Employment rate in 2018 slightly decreased
assistance, respectively. Some of these from 95.4 percent in 2017 to 95.1 percent
beneficiaries were victims of the Mayon in 2018. The increase in the number of
Volcano eruption, while 911 of them were employed persons was due to jobs created by
parents of child laborers. Under the Public the opening of new malls, hotels, and other
Employment Service, there were 51,421 commercial establishments in various cities
qualified job seekers referred for placement and urban municipalities in the region.
but this number is lower than the number of However, unemployment rate slightly
referrals in 2017 because of the decrease in increased by 0.3 percentage points or from
the number of qualified job seekers applying 4.6 percent in 2017 to 4.9 percent in 2018,
for job vacancies. (Refer to Chapter 11) because of the limited access to employment
opportunities particularly for those
For the JobStart Philippines program, about residing in rural and hard to reach areas.

Bicol Region’s underemployment rate sought additional or new jobs with longer
remained high at 29.6 percent in 2018, working hours, or desired to have good
higher by two percentage points than that of quality and high paying jobs in 2018.
2017. This means that either more Bicolanos
Figure 10.1 Annual Labor and Employment Estimates, Bicol Region, 2017-2018
Source: PSA
There were measures undertaken to intensified campaign against ENDO. The
reduce underemployment rate such as DOLE Region 5 strengthened its Labor
increase in take-home pay resulting from Inspection Program covering priority
the tax reform, salary standardization law, establishments such as manufacturing,
and increase in base pay of military, and food chains, hotels and restaurants, and
uniformed personnel in the government. other high-risk establishments. Pledges
Higher take-home pay means higher for regularization of workers were
disposable income, thereby addressing the obtained. Labor and Management Fora
clamor to have high paying jobs. Figure were conducted to inform both the labor
10.1 presents the number of employed, and the management sectors of their
unemployed and underemployed rights, limitations and obligations under
persons in Bicol region in 2017 and 2018. labor laws. There were 67,356 individuals
reached by Labor Market Information
Compliance to labor standards ensured. compared to the 40,000 target in 2018.
Efforts to eliminate the end-of-contract
(ENDO) or contractualization scheme was The enactment of RA 11058 or the
done through the regularization program. Occupational Safety and Health Standards
There was a sizable increase in the number Law will ensure that employers comply with
of regularized workers from 2,548 in workplace safety standards. All safety and
2017 to 12,612 in 2018 mainly due to the health personnel are required to undergo

training on basic occupational safety and ensuring that learners will be able to
and health as prescribed by the DOLE. reach the final grade must be considered.
Based on the latest Annual Poverty
Settlement of labor disputes facilitated. Indicators Survey of the Philippine
All recorded labor standard cases emanating Statistics Authority, among the common
from labor inspections were disposed of in reasons for not attending school are
2017 and 2018. The number of establishments marriage or family matters, lack of
inspected under the Labor Laws Compliance personal interest, high cost of education
System increased from 1,797 in 2017 to or financial concerns, and employment.
1,915 in 2018. The total number of requests The decision to pull children out of school
handled and settled within process cycle time is sometimes due to financial difficulties.
under the Single Entry Approach (SENA) These concerns cannot be attributed
Program also increased from 77 percent in solely to the issues in the education
2017 to 84 percent in 2018. The increase in system. These call for a multisector and
the settlement rate was due to the coaching all-inclusive approach in ensuring that
and mentoring of SENA Desk Officers. learners are able to finish basic education
and are prepared for higher education.
The major challenges being encountered
by the region in accelerating human ■ Providing adequate education inputs
capital development are as follows: to meet the needs of learners in GIDAs.
The challenges being faced by the region
■ Meeting the demand for better in the full implementation of the K to
healthcare system in GIDAs. More 12 Program are providing adequate
resources are needed to establish better number of classrooms, laboratories,
healthcare systems for managing equipment, and learning materials to
and addressing local health needs support the needs of the learners and
in communities with marginalized meeting the increased demand for
population physically and socio- qualified and competent teachers in
economically separated from the rural areas especially in GIDAs. Urban-
mainstream society. This includes the rural disparities in school participation
establishment of functional rural health attributed to insufficient school
units and the deployment of competent infrastructure, quality learning materials,
health workers in far flung areas. equipment, teaching and non-teaching
personnel for both formal and non-
■ Reducing maternal and child formal education must be addressed.
deaths. Despite improvements in the
implementation of health programs, ■ Adapting to the evolving educational
sustaining the reduced maternal and requirements of the labor market.
child deaths remains a challenge. Globalization pushes the higher
The delays in seeking professional education system to improve and be at
services being experienced by par with other countries. Legislations
pregnant women must be addressed. converting state colleges into universities
have been passed to help improve the
■ Ensuring that all learners finish basic quality of higher education in the region.
education. Keeping interest in school However, acquiring a university status

requires compliance to policy standards be attributed to the lack of available
enhancing the quality assurance systems high paying jobs, or to skills mismatch
of higher education institutions. The wherein the skills acquired by higher
lack of sufficient funding support for the education graduates do not match the
establishment of higher education inputs, skills required by higher paying jobs.
as well as the operations and research
activities of SUCs, affects the schools’ ■ Accessing employment opportunities
ability to produce a knowledgeable and by those residing in rural and hard
globally-competitive pool of graduates. to reach areas. Geographic isolation
has caused inequalities in employment
■ Reducing underemployment. The opportunities particularly off-farm
high underemployment rate which the employment. Some job seekers
region consistently recorded for several from rural and hard to reach areas
years is still a challenge. Bicolanos seek opt to find job opportunities in the
for additional or new jobs with longer services sector in urban areas or in the
working hours or desire to have good agriculture sector in rural areas. This
quality and high paying jobs. This may leads to high rural underemployment.
Action Plan
Accelerating human capital development should have been achieved: health and
will contribute to reducing inequality nutrition for all improved; lifelong learning
or Pagbabago towards laying down the opportunities for all ensured; and income
foundation for inclusive growth, a high- earning abilities increased. Figure 10.2
trust and resilient society, and a globally presents the Strategic Framework to
competitive knowledge economy. By Accelerate Human Capital Development.
2022, the following subsector outcomes

Strategic Framework
Figure 10.2 Strategic Framework to Accelerate Human Capital Development, 2017-2022
Targets
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 Midterm Update and (e) reduce the prevalence of overweight
aims to (a) increase life expectancy at birth adult 20 years old and above from 25 percent
to 69 years for male and 74 years for female; in 2015 to 22 percent in 2022. By 2022, the
(b) reduce the prevalence of stunting among functional literacy rate, the completion rate,
children < 5 from 40 percent in 2015 to 31 and the cohort survival rate have increased;
percent in 2022; (c) reduce the prevalence of and the percentage of youth in Not in
wasting among children < 5 from 8 percent Education, Employment, or Training, and
in 2015 to 7 percent in 2022; (d) reduce the the duration of school-to-work transition
prevalence of wasting among children 6-10 of college graduates have decreased.
from 11 percent in 2015 to 7 percent in 2022;

Strategies
The following strategies will help stakeholder participation will be solicited
achieve the subsector outcomes to to implement the Regional Plan of Action
address the challenges presented above: for Nutrition (RPAN) 2019-2022. It
includes the nutrition-specific programs
Subsector Outcome 1: Health and designed to produce nutritional outcomes
nutrition for all improved and address the immediate causes of
malnutrition. It consists of eight nutrition-
Provide care for all life stages. The life specific, and three nutrition-sensitive and
course approach1 will be observed in the enabling programs, with 64 projects that
implementation of health and wellness will be implemented by national agencies,
interventions. This will prevent and control Bicol University (BU), non-government
diseases at key life stages starting from organizations (NGOs), and LGUs in the
preconception through pregnancy, infancy, region through public-private partnership.
childhood and adolescence, adulthood,
through to healthy ageing. Focus will be Subsector Outcome 2: Lifelong learning
given to the first 1,000 days of the child, opportunities for all ensured
reproductive and sexual health, maternal,
newborn, and child health, exclusive To ensure lifelong learning opportunities
breastfeeding, adolescent health, elderly for all, quality, accessible, relevant, and
healthcare, and addressing malnutrition liberating basic education will be provided
in all forms. Information and advocacy on for all, and quality of higher and technical
the importance of maternal, reproductive, education and research for equity and
and adolescent health, pre-natal care, and global competitiveness will be improved.
proper nutrition, including telemedicine12
will be prioritized in GFAs, and among Basic Education
poor and indigenous people groups.
Strengthen implementation of early
Ensure universal access to health, nutrition, childhood care and development
and family planning services. Strong buy-in programs. This will include a
and strict implementation of the Universal developmentally-appropriate curriculum
Health Care Act will be required. Functional to be undertaken by a competent workforce
service delivery networks will be established in accordance with RA 10410 or The Early
to provide a continuum of services from Years Act of 2013. The full implementation
primary care level to specialty centers. Social of the K to 12 program entails the
health insurance coverage will be expanded continuous hiring of competent teachers
to all families and individuals, especially the and timely delivery of adequate education
poor and vulnerable groups (IPs, differently- inputs such as school infrastructure, quality
abled persons, and elderly) in the region. learning materials, and equipment for
both formal and non-formal education.
Elicit multi-sector and multi-stakeholder
participation. Multi-sector and multi-
1
The World Health Organization defines the life course approach to health as a holistic view of people’s health
and well-being at all ages, and interlinkages with sustainable development. This approach can prevent lifelong ill
effects. The world has committed to achieving health for all and Sustainable Development Goals using people-
centered, multisectoral approaches, and a life course approach brings together high-impact, evidence- and rights-
based strategies to do so.

Strengthen collaboration with agencies, education degrees, a smooth transition will
LGUs, and industries for the on-the-job- be pursued in coordination with CHED.
training (OJT) opportunities of senior high
school students pursuing technical and Higher Education and Research
vocational track. The concerned agencies
like DepEd and TESDA will collaborate Steer career interest towards science,
with LGUs and local establishments technology, engineering, agri-fisheries
to address the lack of local industries and mathematics. Higher education
for OJT of senior high school students. services will steer career interest towards
Proposed arrangements include: (a) science, technology, engineering, agri-
private establishments to provide financial fisheries, and mathematics which are the
assistance to senior high school on-the-job building blocks of a knowledge economy.
trainees; (b) DepEd and TESDA to link with
local industry establishments in crafting Invest in raising the quality of higher
technical-vocational-livelihood training education. Investments in education will
programs, and (c) LGUs to issue ordinances be continuously pursued in partnership
requiring private establishments to source with the different SUCs, HEIs, and public
manpower needs from local residents or and private schools in the region. Better
senior high school on-the-job trainees. education services will be provided by the
state colleges once requirements of CHED
Technical-Vocational Education and for the conversion into state universities or
Training polytechnic institutes are complied with.
Provide additional resources (manpower, Subsector Outcome 3: Income earning

facilities, funding) and scholarship grants. ability increased
Additional resources (manpower, facilities,
funding) and scholarship grants will be Ensure the employability of the labor
provided to expand access to Technical- force, increase productivity of workers,
Vocational Education and Training (TVET) and enhance labor mobility and income
programs, especially to the poor. Linkages security. To increase income-earning
with government technical-vocational ability, strategies to ensure the employability
schools and SUCs offering TVET programs of those entering the labor force, increase
will be strengthened to accommodate more productivity of workers, and enhance labor
beneficiaries from the poor households mobility and income security will be pursued.
in the region. Promotional activities
will be sustained to encourage more Intensify monitoring compliance to labor
youth to take up technical and vocational standards. To increase productivity of those
education. These include the conduct of employed, mandatory minimum wages will
annual provincial and regional searches still be set and monitoring of its compliance
for successful self and wage employed will be strengthened. The formulation
TESDA graduates and regular features in of productivity-based incentive schemes
the TESDA website and newsletter, as well will be encouraged among enterprises and
as in television and radio programs. For their workers. The Occupational Safety and
TVET graduates who wish to pursue higher Health Standards Law will be implemented

to ensure safety in the workplace. global integration, technical and HEIs
will aim for international certification
Aim for international certification of courses to produce employable
of courses. In light of the ASEAN and and globally competitive graduates.
Legislative Agenda
Enabling policies to accelerate human capital development may require legislative
action. Table 10.4 presents the proposed policy reforms for the remaining period of plan
implementation.
Table 10.4 Proposed Legislative Agenda to Accelerate Human Capital Development

Supplemental provisions to the Universal The Universal Health Care Act provides that all Filipinos shall be automatically
Health Care Act, particularly on the NHIP enrolled into the NHIP with access to essential preventive, promotive, curative,
rehabilitative, and palliative healthcare. This is expected to cushion the burden
of medical expenses to poor households. However, this does not guarantee a
fully subsidized healthcare service.
To further lower out-of-pocket health expenditures, especially among poor

households, guidelines on the existing benefit packages under the NHIP may
be enhanced to widen and augment subsidies in accordance with the health
needs and financial capacity of the beneficiaries.
Bill No. 1573 or the Pandemic and All- The bill seeks to strengthen national response and preparedness for public
Hazards Preparedness Bill health emergencies, such as those which result from natural disasters
and severe weather, recent outbreaks and pandemics, bioterrorism, mass
casualties, chemical emergencies and radiation emergencies.
The bill seeks to give the DOH the mandate to undertake measures such as
evaluation, planning, organizing, and training to improve national preparedness
for public health emergencies.
It further covers the creation of an emergency fund every fiscal year for
pandemics and other emergencies that would address realignment and
reallocation budgets or unspent money that has already been earmarked for
government agencies.
Amending the RA 7305, or the Magna Carta The increasing number of health workers who choose to work abroad out of
of Public Health Workers necessity poses a risk on the country’s healthcare system. In the Bicol Region,
the number of public health workers is inadequate to meet the region’s health
needs especially the communities in GIDAs, i.e., upland, lowland, landlocked,
hard to reach and unserved/underserved communities.
Proposed amendments to the Magna Carta of Public Health Workers may

include provision of better compensation packages and partly subsidized
continuing health education to key public health workers. Emergency
compensation and/or indemnification packages may be provided to public
health workers deployed to GIDAs.

Institutionalization of the ALS The RA 9155 or the Governance Act for Basic Education of 2001 stipulates the
establishment of the ALS to provide out-of-school children, youth and adults
population with basic education. The ALS is a parallel learning system in the
Philippines that provides a practical option to the existing formal instruction to
those who do not have or cannot access formal education in schools.
The institutionalization of the ALS will provide more opportunities for the
marginalized learners. Resources for the training of facilitators/teachers,
improvement and reproduction of training modules and other instructional
materials that fit the needs of learners, and guidelines for the proper monitoring
and tracking of ALS learners will be put in place.
Amending the Labor Code The Labor Code allows contracting and sub-contracting which in some
instances fail to protect the workers’ rights on security of tenure, healthcare,
and social security. There is a need to stop abusive forms of contractualization
or ENDO. Amending the Labor Code entails striking the balance between the
interests of the employer and the employee.

11
Reducing Vulnerability
of Individuals and
Families
Chapter 11
Reducing Vulnerability of
Individuals and Families
Reducing inequality requires building up socioeconomic resiliency or
the adaptive capacity of people to take on impacts and shocks caused
by economic uncertainties, natural and human-induced hazards, and
governance and political risks. As risks become more challenging, complex,
and increasing in number and frequency, the government intends to decrease
the population exposed to risks through programs that will strengthen
the people’s capacity to cope, respond, and recover from these risks.
This chapter aims to lay down the foundation for achieving universal
and transformative social protection through strategies that promote
equity, equality, social cohesion, and human capital formation.

One of the foundations in achieving inclusive during crises because they have the least
growth is building resilient communities resources to cope and recover, hence, there
where all members of the community, is a high possibility of being trapped in the
regardless of economic status, are able to cycle of poverty. Based on the Full Year 2018
manage the various risks that are rooted Poverty Estimates released by the Philippine
in inter-generational cycles of poverty. Statistics Authority (PSA), the region’s
poverty and subsistence incidence among
Inherent vulnerability reduced. populations decreased from 39.5 percent
Certain individuals and groups have in 2015 to 26.8 percent, and from 14.1
inherent vulnerabilities. These are the percent in 2015 to 7.0 percent, respectively.
poor, children, women, PWDs, IPs, OFs All provinces showed significant decline
and their families, and older persons. in poverty and subsistence incidence
among population as shown in Figure 11.1.
Poor. The poor is the most vulnerable
Chapter 11 Reducing Vulnerability of Individuals and Families | 129

Figure 11.1. Poverty and Subsistence Incidence in the Bicol Region, 20152 and 2018
Source: PSA
The PSA likewise released poverty-related and Sorsogon were categorized under
statistics including the income gap, poverty cluster 3 while Albay and Catanduanes
gap, and severity of poverty3 as shown in were under cluster 4. This shows that
Table 11.1. There is improvement in the more Bicolanos are getting higher
clustering of provinces4 based on poverty income, thus living above the region’s
incidence among families. The provinces of poverty threshold which is PhP 10,168.00.
Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Masbate,
Table 11.1. Income Gap, Poverty Gap, and Severity of Poverty, Bicol Region: 2015-2018
Income Gap Poverty Gap Severity of Poverty

Province
2015 2018 2015 2018 2015 2018
Albay 22.9 18.5 4.2 2.7 1.4 0.8
Cam. Norte 24.3 19.9 8.4 4.5 2.8 1.3
Cam. Sur 20.9 20.0 6.0 4.1 1.8 1.3
Catanduanes 25.5 19.7 8.6 2.8 3.4 0.9
Masbate 22.5 19.9 8.0 5.1 2.7 1.5
Sorsogon 23.7 19.4 10.8 3.8 3.7 1.1
Bicol Region 22.7 19.6 7.0 3.9 2.3 1.2
Source: PSA
3Revised/updated based on the following: a) rebasing of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) market basket of prices
2
from 2006 to 2012; and b) adoption of the 2015 Census of Population results for the weights in the Family Income
4and Expenditure Survey (FIES).
3
Income gap measures the average income by the poor in order to get out of poverty, expressed relative to
the poverty threshold. The poverty gap refers to the income shortfall (expressed in proportion to the poverty
threshold) of families with income below the poverty threshold, divided by the total number of families. The
severity of poverty is the total of the squared income short-fall(expressed in proportion to the poverty threshold)
of families with income below the poverty threshold, divided by the total number of families. This is a poverty
measure that is sensitive to income distribution among the poor. (PSA, 2018 Poverty Estimates)
4
Provinces are clustered from 1 to 5 using confidence intervals of poverty incidence as the clustering variable with
cluster 1 as the poorest and cluster 5 as the least poor.

In terms of coverage of Pantawid Pamilyang children and youth were constrained
Pilipino Program (4Ps), there was a slight by (a) inconsistent tagging of dropouts
decrease from 375,398 households in between and among schools, (b) inadequate
2017 to 374,255 households in 2018 due to provision and accounting of complementary
voluntary exit of beneficiaries, ageing of services from partner schools, and
beneficiaries, transfer of grantees, or removal (c) lack of availability of ALS modes.
from the program due to non-compliance.
The 4Ps households benefitted from Other DSWD Programs for children
Conditional Cash Transfer, rice subsidy, contributed to the improved well-being
and Unconditional Cash Transfer (UCT). of children. The Supplemental Feeding
The compliance rates on conditionalities Program5 (SFP) improved the nutritional
remain high because of intensive monitoring status with 80 percent severely underweight
through the Compliance Verification children to underweight, and 83 percent
System and Grievance Redress System. underweight children to normal. The
Comprehensive Program for street children,
Children. In 2016, the Council for the street families and Badjaus was implemented
Welfare of Children (CWC) and UNICEF serving 150 children in 2017 and 2018
Philippines conducted the 2016 National with assistance from LGUs in the form
Baseline Study on Violence against Children of counterpart manpower and financial
with a sample of 3,866 children and youth support. To further strengthen protection of
aged 13 to 24 years old. According to the children especially those travelling abroad,
study, eight out of ten children and youth and in compliance to RA 7610 or Special
have experienced some sort of violence Protection Against Abuse and Exploitation
in their lifetime whether in school, home, and Discrimination Act and RA 9208 or
workplace, and community. The types of Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act, 1,034
violence include physical, psychological, certificate of travel were issued in 2018.
sexual, peer, cyber, and collective violence.
Another risk factor in children is the
The CWC implemented the Philippine perennial and high record of child labor.
National Strategic Framework for Plan The Bicol region has the second highest
Development for Children 2000 to 2025 or incidence of child labor among the regions
Child 21 which aims to mainstream the rights at 10.4 percent despite various interventions
of children into the local government system, provided by both the government and private
structures, policies, and processes through sectors. In 2018, the DOLE intensified its
the conferment of the Seal of Child Friendly profiling activity under the Child Labor and
Local Governance (SCFLG). In 2018, the Elimination Program and identified 13,393
Bicol region achieved 100 percent conferment child laborers. The positive turnout of the
of cities and municipalities for SCFLG. profiling activity is due to the cooperation and
participation of LGUs and the availability of
As of January 2019, the 4Ps covered 818,131 data on child laborers using the Listahanan.
children recording a high compliance rate Programs that address child labor include
in education. Out of the 87,520 children Project Angel Tree of DOLE and Strategic
not attending school in 2018, there were Helpdesks for Information, Education,
40,294 children and youth who returned Livelihood, and Other Developmental
to school. The remaining out of school Interventions (SHIELD) Project of DSWD.
5
The SFP, implemented by DSWD, provides hot meals to children enrolled in Child Development Centers and
Supervised Neighborhood Play for 120 days to support their nutrition needs.

The Project Angel Tree aims to withdraw of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT)
the children from the worst forms of child application program; (b) provision of
labor. In 2018, it benefitted 2,444 child assistance in the formulation of Assistance to
laborers and provided additional sources of Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development
income to 911 parents of child laborers. The and Protection Plan; (c) socioeconomic
SHIELD is piloted in selected municipalities development through agro-technology
in Cavite-Laguna-Batangas-Rizal-Quezon and social enterprise development; (d)
(CALABARZON) and Bicol region. It provision of various education assistance/
seeks to strengthen the referral mechanism scholarship to 356 IP youth; and (e)
and convergence of support services at the protection of IP culture and rights.
local level to eradicate child labor. In the
Bicol region, the DSWD was able to profile Older persons. Older persons are particularly
282 child laborers from the municipalities vulnerable because they are physically
of Labo, Jose Panganiban, and Paracale more fragile and have limited sources of
in Camarines Norte, and conducted 17 income. Under RA 9994 or the Expanded
capacity building activities for establishing Senior Citizens Act of 2010, the DSWD
barangay help desks on child labor, and provided social pension program to
organize groups of SHIELD beneficiaries. indigent senior citizens. Based on the
December 2017 Listahanan, the initial
The Philippine Red Cross, Children implementation only covered 13,000 senior
International, and Plan International, in citizens but it has now reached 191,753 or
collaboration with government agencies an increase by 193 percent, surpassing the
and LGUs, conducted orientation sessions target beneficiaries of 88,595 poor senior
for community volunteers on child citizens. With the UCT Program for Social
protection policy awareness and facilitated Pension, a total of 171,003 social pension
empowerment programs on leadership, beneficiaries were served in 2018. For 2019,
peer education, disaster management, the validated number of social pensioners
and financial literacy. These CSOs are totaled 246,110. Moreover, 31 centenarians
committed to help empower the children were provided with PhP100,000.00 each.
and youth, but are hampered by the
lack of funds to support their activities. Persons with Disability. The PWDs become
vulnerable to physical and psychological
Indigenous Peoples.6 There are about 95,000 violence because of their disabilities. To
IPs in the region who belong to different promote a more inclusive development,
ethnic groups, i.e., Agta, Agta-Tabangnon, interventions are needed to address the
Agta-Cimarron, Kabihug/Manide, and lack of data and PWD registry; lack of
Dumagat. As of December 2018, there were physical accessibility in schools, training
5,663 IPs in GIDAs covered as 4Ps modified facilities, government offices, public
conditional cash transfer beneficiaries. transportation, and government shelter
and facilities; and lack of resources to
To support the IPs, various PAPs were provide disability-support services to
implemented. The NCIP implemented access information, communication and
the following culturally-responsive technology including personal assistance
socioeconomic, agro-technology, ecology and sign language interpretation.
and special services programs: (a) Certificate Conduct of awareness campaigns to
6
The IPs are among the disadvantaged sectors identified under RA 8425 or the Social Reform and Poverty
Alleviation Act because of their vulnerability to exploitation and discrimination. Extractive activities (i.e.,
mining and logging), “development work” (e.g., hydroelectric dams), in-migration, territorial control mechanisms
(e.g., expropriation of land, imposition of territorial boundaries, and other such policies), among others, lead to
displacement and place great pressure on the preservation of their resources and way of life.

combat the negative perception of 14 percent in 2017. (Refer to Chapter 21)
some individuals towards disabled and
differently-abled persons must be initiated. The Overseas Workers Welfare
Administration (OWWA) continued to
As of December 2018, the DSWD reported provide the following programs for OFs
60,576 registered PWDs in the region, and and their families: (a) Education, Training,
extended auxiliary services, i.e. wheelchairs, and Scholarship; (b) Social Protection and
canes, crutches, and walkers to 20 PWDs. Welfare Services; (c) Family Development
The New Hope Workers Cooperative Support Program; and (d) Institutional
conducted awareness campaign on accessible Support. The number of OFW members
environment for PWDs, and participated under the Workers Welfare Assistance
in the conduct of accessibility audit in Program decreased from 8,325 in 2017
government and private establishments. to 7,013 in 2018 upon implementation
of MOI No. 010, s. 2017, amending
Women. A woman personifies diverse the validity of membership from one
identities such as being poor, migrant, year to two years, regardless of contract
formal or informal worker, PWD, old, or duration, change of employer/principal,
IP. Based on the Listahanan as of December jobsite, or recruitment/manning agency.
2017, 458,499 or about 19 percent of the
total poor individuals in the region are The National Reintegration Center for
women, and 47,440 are senior citizens. OFWs (NRCO) recorded an increase in
In addition, 55 percent are employed the number of displaced OFWs provided
as laborers and unskilled workers. with training and livelihood assistance
from 92 in 2017 to 123 in 2018. As more
Managing economic risks improved. Filipinos wished to work abroad, cases
Among the economic risks usually faced by of trafficking also increased. Compared
those in the labor force are unemployment, to 2017 with 81 clients, there were 104
underemployment, low and irregular clients served in 2018, 55 of whom were
income, end of source of livelihood, distressed and undocumented OFs and 49
price instability of basic commodities, were trafficked persons under the Recovery
and financial and economic crises. and Reintegration Program for Trafficked
Discrimination is also a form of economic Persons. More than half of the trafficked
risk because vulnerable sectors are not given persons belonged to the youth sector.
the same opportunity for employment.
Formal and informal workers. The workers
Overseas Filipinos. According to the official provided with labor education almost
data of the Philippine Overseas Employment doubled from 13,236 in 2017 to 20,055 in
Administration (POEA), the deployment 2018 through the Labor and Management
of OFWs continues to rise. In 2017, the Forum under the regularization program of
number of OFWs recorded a 6.12 percent DOLE. This resulted to a remarkable increase
increase which is equivalent to almost 2 in the number of regularized workers
million land-based and sea-based OFWs from 2,548 in 2017 to 12,612 in 2018, and
nationwide. In the Bicol region, the number supports the call to end contractualization.
of deployed OFWs increased by 27 percent
from 2015-2016, but declined by around The DILEEP assisted 7,038 displaced

workers. Although the physical count and Integrated Delivery of Social Services
decreased from 8,361 in 2017, the amount (Kalahi-CIDSS) National Community
of benefit per capita increased from Driven Development Program (KC-
PhP6,000.00 to PhP20,000.00. For the youth, NCDDP) covered 98 percent of target
DOLE implemented several programs such municipalities (98 out of 100) and 98.66
as the (a) Jobstart Program; (b) Special percent of target barangays (2,808 out of
Program for the Employment of Students; 2,846) in the region. Moreover, there were
and (c) Government Internship Program. 2,831 community sub-projects that were
In 2018, the Children International funded. The success of the program was
(a non-government organization), attributed to the active participation of LGUs
conducted Employability Soft Skills and the availability of local counterparts.
Training that benefitted 1,100 youths.
During the eruption of Mayon volcano in
Health insurance. The PhilHealth coverage 2018, the DSWD provided relief goods and
for 2018 reached 89 percent which translates arranged for cash for work to 47,572 families.
to 6.02 million Bicolanos, up from 83 The total worth of assistance from various
percent in 2017. Among the contributing government agencies, LGUs, and NGOs
factors are: (a) increased coverage of amounted to PhP480 million. The DOLE
Point-of-System Program with 20,777 new through the Tulong Panghanapbuhay Para sa
registrants; (b) higher availment/claim Ating Displaced/Disadvantaged Workers or
under the All Case Rate Scheme amounting TUPAD served 20,800 clients. In addition,
to PhP3.7 billion and Z-Benefits amounting about 199,637 households and victims of
to PhP5.7 billion; (c) higher No Balance Typhoons Nina and Yolanda were also
Billing compliance rate at 50.18 percent assisted. The CSOs conducted DRR-CCA
compared to 39.64 percent in 2017; (d) training sessions and related activities such
increased benefit utilization in health as family preparedness, communication
care institutions (HCIs) from 363,225 in drills, and Disaster Risk Reduction
2017 to 461,717 in 2018; (e) mandatory and Management (DRRM) for PWDs.
coverage of senior citizens under RA 10645
which covered 64,132 senior citizens as of Aside from calamities, health emergencies
November 2018; (f) increased number of such as outbreaks and pandemics also
accredited HCIs (111 hospitals and 411 demand for social protection measures.
non-hospital facilities) and 1,224 health care The repercussions of a health pandemic, if
professionals; (g) strengthened proactive not contained, will morph into economic
employer engagement through PhilHealth and social impasse, thus the need for
Accounts Information Management quality healthcare, basic economic and
Specialist (PAIMS); and (h) intensified social services, and protection against
implementation of NHIP through poverty. While there are targeted cash
electronic registration system, conduct transfers such as 4Ps and TUPAD, it will
of advocacy and promotional activities, become insufficient as bigger segments
and deployment of manpower in HCIs. of the population become affected, going
beyond the identified poor and vulnerable
Dealing with natural and human-induced sectors. Therefore, health and social welfare
hazards. As of December 2018, the Kapit- agencies, together with LGUs, should
Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan-Comprehensive strengthen their capabilities, expand their

their capabilities, expand their services Integrating social protection efforts to
and assistance, and initiate build better avoid inefficient resource mobilization.
initiatives to restore the economy. The lack of integrated and real-time data
registry on the demographic profiles
Governance and political risks. House of marginalized and vulnerable groups
Bill No. 8858 along with other pending affects the government’s efforts to map
Senate bills proposed for the lowering of social protection coverage i.e., mismatch
the minimum age of criminal responsibility between resource and facilities required
(MACR) from the current 15 to 9 years and the actual social protection services
old. However, due to strong opposition, needed. Poor coordination or convergence
the MACR was changed to 12 years old. among agencies sometimes leads to
The DSWD Region 5 and champions of duplication of social protection programs
children’s rights contradicted this move and inefficient resource mobilization.
and pushed to retain the existing MACR
to ensure the best interest of the children. Providing adequate social safety net
programs for workers. The need to provide
The Provincial Government of Catanduanes, social safety nets that will cushion the
through the Provincial Crisis Center for impact of unemployment to domestic and
Abused Women and Children and Youth overseas workers has been a challenge.
in Crisis, provided intervention on cases Strict monitoring of compliance to labor
of abused women, children and youth. In standards, provision of health insurance and
2018, it was able to expand the program and support services to displaced workers are
forged a partnership with the Happy Homes inadequate to protect them from poverty.
to provide the appropriate and necessary
services/intervention to residents. In Mitigating impact of disasters. Strict
addition, other sectors assisted are women implementation of existing policies and
in difficult circumstances, children in need programs on DRR at the grassroots level
of special protection, family heads and other requires commitment and competence of
needy adults, senior citizens and PWDs. the local government units. This remains a
challenge due to lack of sufficient resources
Notwithstanding the efforts to strengthen to strengthen resiliency and mitigate
social protection, inequality remains impact of disasters including pandemics.
high due to the following challenges:
Action Plan
Reducing vulnerability of individuals risks through a universal and transformative
and families falls under the Pagbabago social protection program. Figure 11.2
or Reducing Inequality pillar. By presents the Strategic Framework to Reduce
2022, Filipinos should have developed Vulnerability of Individuals and Families.
socioeconomic resiliency against various

Strategic Framework
Figure 11.2. Strategic Framework for Reducing Vulnerability of Individuals and Families,
2017-2022
Targets
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 Midterm Update covered by social pension; (c) increase
aims to: (a) achieve 100 percent coverage the number of insured OFWs; and (d)
of PhilHealth insurance; (b) increase achieve no death or missing person during
the proportion of poor senior citizens natural and human-induced disasters.
Strategies
A comprehensive social protection system effective and efficient is to prioritize the needs
boosts human capital development and of the vulnerable and marginalized sectors.
promotes social cohesion, conflict and
disaster risk resilience management. Building Subsector Outcome: Universal and
socioeconomic resiliency should be inclusive, transformative social protection for all
and the strategies to make it more cost- achieved

Mitigate risks faced by vulnerable groups to survival, development, protection,
and participation as enshrined in
■ Adopt a convergence approach to help the United Nations Convention on
the poor and vulnerable become self- the Rights of the Child (UNCRC).
sufficient and self-reliant. Based on
the 2017 result of the Listahanan 2.0, ■ Enhance implementation of disability
there are 5.2 million poor households, of policies and programs. Disabled persons
which 7.1 percent or 372,451 households are part of society. The government will
are located in the Bicol region. Various ensure strict implementation of RA
government agencies use the Listahanan 7277 or the Magna Carta for Disabled
to capacitate the beneficiaries in Persons which adopts policies for the
expanding their economic activities rehabilitation, self-development, and
through entrepreneurship; improve self-reliance of disabled persons. As
health and nutrition; increase access part of government’s continuing effort
to education, i.e. tertiary education; to support the improvement of the total
and address issues on child labor. With well-being of disabled persons and their
RA 11310 or the 4Ps and RA 11291 or integration into the mainstream of society,
the Magna Carta for the Poor, the State Section 20 of RA 7277 was amended to
will continue to uplift the conditions provide mandatory coverage of all PWDs
of the marginalized sectors through under the NHIP by virtue of RA 11228.
adequate social services, promote full
employment, and improved quality ■ Intensify social protection programs
of life. A convergence approach shall for OFs and their families. The
be undertaken in providing the basic government will pursue policies that
services, and facilities in GFAs as provided promote benefit portability to extend
for under EO 70 or the Whole of Nation coverage to OFs. The government will
Approach in Attaining Inclusive and pursue the Global Compact for Safe,
Sustainable Peace, Creating a National Orderly and Regular Migration. The
Task Force to End Local Communist OWWA will strengthen the program
Armed Conflict, and Directing the mechanism in organizing OFW Family
Adoption of a National Peace Framework. Circles and ensure that they remain active
and functional. (Refer to Chapter 21)
■ Expand PhilHealth packages. The
government will continue to promote ■ Improve social pension for senior
the right to health of all Filipinos. citizens. The government will continue
Through RA 11223 or the Universal to assist senior citizens through the
Health Care Act, the NHIP will ensure Social Pension Program for Indigent
equitable access to quality and affordable Senior Citizens of the DSWD. The
health care goods and services, and DSWD will ensure that their database
protection against financial risks. undergoes timely validation to provide
timely benefits to eligible senior
■ Implement a multi-sectoral roadmap citizens. The government will further
for children. The country will seek improvement of RA 9994 or the
continue to implement programs and Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010
services that support children’s rights to increase the amount of pension

and widen the coverage of beneficiaries. technical and financial assistance to enable
local communities to implement adaptation
Manage economic risks measures. National government and LGUs
will collaborate in providing health services,
■ Ensure equal opportunities for livelihood opportunities, unemployment
working women. The enactment of protection, and social protection benefits to
RA 11210 or the 105-Day Expanded affected individuals. Establishment of women
Maternity Law on February 20, 2019 and child-friendly spaces will be promoted to
will promote and protect the rights protect the welfare of women, children, and
and welfare of working women while IPs. Protocols for emergency cash transfers,
providing an enabling environment to calamity loans, and livelihood programs
achieve their full potentials. The law will be established in areas most likely to be
covers all female workers in government affected by disasters. (Refer to Chapter 22)
and private sector, including those
in the informal economy, regardless Address governance and political risks
of civil status or legitimacy of child.
However, possible discrimination ■ Address concerns of children in
in hiring of women may happen. situations of armed conflict. In line
with government’s commitment to
■ Strengthen mechanisms to ensure uphold the rights of children under
enrolment in the social security system. the UNCRC, RA 11188 or the Special
In pursuit of social security protection Protection of Children in Situations
through savings and against disability of Armed Conflict was enacted on
hazards and other contingencies January 10, 2019. Children in situations
resulting in loss of income, RA 11199 of armed conflict (CSAC) refer to all
or the Expanded SSS Act of 2018 will children involved in armed conflict
be implemented to ensure mandatory (CIAC) including children affected
coverage of self-employed individuals by armed conflict (CAAC) and
and OFWs. The law further mandates internally displaced children (IDC).
concerned agencies to negotiate bilateral
social security and labor agreements ■ Address statelessness of individuals.
with the host countries. In addition, With the issuance of EO 70, s. 2018,
unemployment insurance or involuntary the government will promote a just
separation benefits amounting to 50 and dynamic social order to ensure
percent of the average monthly salary freedom from poverty through adequate
credit will be granted to the member social services, rising standards of
beneficiary for a maximum of two months. living, and improved quality of life.
Deal with natural hazards Achieve universal social protection
To deal with hazards including pandemics, ■ Adopt a single registry management

communities will be assisted in undertaking information system to improve
DRR-CCA strategies. As a risk transfer targeting of beneficiaries. This
mechanism, the People Survival Fund is a new strategy that can be
and quick response measures will provide facilitated through RA 11055

or the Philippine Identification and Order; Business Friendliness
System Act. The law aims to promote and Competitiveness; Environmental
seamless delivery of public and Protection; and Tourism Culture
private services, improve efficiency, and the Arts. Recent developments
transparency and targeted delivery of in redefining the criteria of SCFLG
social services, enhance administrative started in 2019 to ensure that children’s
governance, reduce corruption, needs are addressed under changing
strengthen financial inclusion, and environments. (Refer to Chapter 5)
promote ease of doing business.
■ Institutionalize a responsive Social
■ Mainstream social protection in the Protection Operational Framework
local development programs. With (SPOF). The SPOF will facilitate
the institutionalization of the SGLG the development and adoption of a
for Local Governments through RA social protection floor which ensures
11292, criteria were refined to include that individuals have access to
Financial Administration; Disaster essential health services and income
Preparedness; Social Protection; Peace security throughout their life cycle.
Legislative Agenda
To achieve a universal and transformative social protection program for all Filipinos, the
following legislative actions are recommended (Table 11.2).
Table 11.2 Legislative Agenda to Reduce Vulnerability of Individuals and Families

Philippine Adoption Act for Abandoned and Improve the quality of foster care for abandoned and neglected children,
Neglected Children and for the Children particularly those with special needs.
with Special Needs
Evacuation Center Act Establish permanent and typhoon-resilient evacuation centers with the
necessary facilities to avoid the practice of using classrooms as evacuation
centers during calamities. Centers should be PWD-friendly and elderly-friendly
spaces.

12 Building Safe and
Secure Communities
Chapter 12
Building Safe and Secure

Communities
Reducing inequality or Pagbabago entails building safe and
secure communities by expanding people’s access to affordable,
adequate, safe, and secure shelters in well-planned communities.
In the first three years of the plan implementation, shelter agencies as well
as private developers and non-government organizations implemented
housing programs and projects to increase the availability of decent and
affordable housing units. Problems/issues were encountered while
implementing the projects which affected the delivery of housing
assistance to the intended beneficiaries. Housing demand continues
to increase due to population growth and urbanization. Meeting
the housing needs remains a challenge for the housing sector.

Production of socialized housing units was and Regular Mortgage Financing Program.
pursued. The plan aims to expand access to The number of socialized housing units
affordable, adequate, safe and secure shelter produced/taken out (house only) increased
by increasing the production of socialized from 1 unit in 2017 to 17 units in 2019.
housing units. During the first three The number of socialized housing units
years of plan implementation, the housing produced/taken out (house and lot
sector showed satisfactory performance packages) increased from 219 units in
despite occurrence of typhoons, 2017 to 671 units in 2019. These were
calamities, and local uncertainties. A accomplished through the RAP-LGU and
significant increase of 133 percent was Regular Mortgage Financing Program.
achieved in the overall production of
socialized housing units from 2017-2019. Major housing programs were
continuously implemented. The RAP-
The number of socialized housing units LGU was implemented by the NHA in
produced/taken out (lot only) increased partnership with LGUs. Under the program,
from 602 in 2017 to 1,231 in 2019. This the land properties donated by LGUs were
was achieved through the implementation developed by NHA as resettlement sites
of Resettlement Assistance Program for where houses were constructed for the
the Local Government Unit (RAP-LGU), relocation of informal settler families and
Community Mortgage Program (CMP), for those residing in high-risk areas. From
Chapter 12 Building Safe and Secure Communities | 143

2017-2019, the NHA completed a total housing units to other qualified beneficiaries.
of 1,276 housing units which accounted However, NHA is yet to issue guidelines on
for 21 percent of the total target for three the implementation of the said resolution.
years. The low performance of RAP-LGU
was partly attributed to factors like delayed Through the CMP, the Social Housing
project bidding and project start. The Finance Corporation (SHFC) assisted legally
bidding procedures at the LGU level were organized associations of underprivileged
either postponed until the lifting of the and homeless citizens to purchase and
election ban in 2019, or were declared as develop a tract of land under the concept
failed. Project starts were also put on hold of community ownership. The CMP is a
to give due course to the rehabilitation and mortgage financing program that grants low
recovery efforts to damages brought by interest rate to beneficiaries for the purchase
TD Usman which devastated the region of land as a whole and for site improvement.
in CY 2018. Other factors include lengthy From 2017-2019, the SHFC released loans
processing, evaluation, and approval of for lot acquisition of two socialized housing
documentary requirements and release of projects, which regularized the tenure of
funds, relocation of informal settler families 414 mostly on-site beneficiaries who are
from the project site to temporary shelters, informal income earners settled in privately-
and negotiation problems with contractors owned land in Naga City and Mercedes,
regarding change/variation orders. Financial Camarines Norte. Marketing of CMP was
and technical assistance was extended by intensified through orientation seminars for
NHA to 39 LGUs in developing resettlement new projects to HOAs and the conduct of
sites which generated 6,807 units/home lots orientation on Local CMP to LGUs. Factors
for its intended beneficiaries. Crucial to that affected the sustained implementation
this undertaking was the collaboration and of the CMP are dissolution of HOA,
partnership among NHA, LGUs, project quitting of off-site beneficiaries as members
beneficiaries, and other government entities. of HOA, cloud titles, among others.
The NHA continued to implement the Housing loans were made available to
Isarog Village: Armed Forces of the Home Development Mutual Fund (HDMF)
Philippines (AFP)/PNP Housing Program members. Under the Direct Housing
for military and police personnel. As of Provision Program, the HDMF provided
December 31, 2018, there were 180 units regular mortgage financing or end-user
being constructed. Among the factors that financing to member-borrowers. From
hampered project implementation are the 2017-2019, the HDMF extended a total
poor condition of the access roads to the of 2,866 units of housing assistance. The
project site, and the lack of materials and total amount of loan released to qualified
manpower. There are 171 units occupied member-borrowers is PhP2.325 billion.
while 951 units are unoccupied. The
occupancy rate is low due to the small area The Housing for Indigenous Peoples
of the housing units, resulting to these component targeted the housing
units being either cancelled, surrendered, construction in Jose Panganiban IP
or unawarded. The approval of Congress Housing Project (Beley No Mamanide-
Joint Resolution No. 2 by President Rodrigo Kabihug Housing Project) in Brgy.
Duterte authorized the NHA to award the Osmeña, Jose Panganiban, Camarines

Norte. However, the housing construction The Core Shelter Assistance Project
did not commence due to delayed (CSAP) under DSWD was continuously
application of the LGU for MGB geo hazard implemented where typhoon resistant
identification survey of the project area. and low-cost housing/shelter units were
provided to disaster-affected families
Through the implementation of settlements and to those residing in high risk and
upgrading, the NHA delivered 832 housing vulnerable areas. Of the total 9,358 units
units in 2018. Settlement upgrading funded from 2007 to 2016, 8,530 units
is intended to address the security of completed, 803 units are ongoing, and
tenure and infrastructure requirements of 26 units are yet to start. As of January
informal settlements in government land 2019, the CSAP is 91.15 percent complete.
proclaimed or designated as socialized
housing. The existing socialized housing Housing funds partly sourced from
projects were developed and rehabilitated asset disposition. The Indirect Housing
by NHA to improve the living condition of Provision Program delivered 321 housing
informal settler families through provision units in 2019 vis-à-vis the 357 targets
of access to basic needs such as water for 2019. This was achieved through the
and electricity. Problems related to pre- Asset Disposition of the HDMF which
construction activities, downloading of included the disposal of acquired assets.
funds, conversion of Special Patent into In 2019, HDMF disposed of 321 housing
judicial form as prescribed by the Registry units with a total selling price of PhP140.71
of Deeds, delayed bidding process, and million. In terms of units sold or disposed
additional documentary requirements, of, the performance is at 90 percent. This
affected program implementation. measure is expected to plow in additional
source of funds for housing finance.
Risk-sensitive housing programs were
implemented. Housing materials assistance Overall, the number of housing units
(HOMA) for calamity victims was provided delivered by the shelter agencies from
to 1,338 families who were affected by 2017-2019 reached 7,047 accounting
various calamities from 2017-2019. for 56.35 percent of the 12,505 total
target for three years (Table 12.1).

Table 12.1 Housing Program Targets and Actual Accomplishments, 2017-2019
2017 2018 2019

IMPLEMENTING
HOUSING PROGRAM
AGENCY TARGET ACTUAL TARGET ACTUAL TARGET ACTUAL
1. Resettlement Program
a. RAP-LGU NHA and LGUs 1,978 399 2,278 677 1,821 200
2. Community Mortgage Program SHFC 0 47 0 0 0 367
3. Direct Housing Provision
a. Regular Mortgage Financing

Program/End-User HDMF 0 376 1,440 910 1,846 1,580
Financing
b. Housing for Indigenous NHA 58 0 58 0 58 0

Peoples
c. Settlements Upgrading NHA 100 0 732 832 390 0
d. Housing Materials
Assistance for calamity NHA 359 0 359 603 0 735
victims (HOMA)
e. Housing Assistance for

Calamity Victims Program NHA 0 0 0 0 671 0
Permanent Housing, TS Nina
and TS Yolanda
4. Indirect Housing Provision
a. Asset Disposition HDMF 0 0 0 0 357 321
TOTAL 2,495 822 4,867 3,022 5,143 3,203
Source: DHSUD Region 5

Training programs provided to strengthen and (c) training on Geographic Information
the housing and urban development System (GIS) to enhance the knowledge of
efforts of LGUs. Capacity building LGUs on vulnerability and disaster risk
activities that were undertaken include: assessment. As of December 2019, only 14
(a) training on local shelter plan (LSP) LGUs have updated their CLUP per EO 72.
preparation for LGUs by the Housing and
Urban Development Coordinating Council In 2017, the HLURB started to implement
(HUDCC) that enabled 107 LGUs to come the Yolanda Comprehensive Rehabilitation
up with their draft LSP, and 18 LGUs with and Recovery Program (YCRRP) in the
established local housing boards as of municipality of Balud, the most affected
December 2018; (b) training/workshop area in the region during typhoon Yolanda.
on the formulation of the Enhanced Through YCRRP, technical assistance was
Comprehensive Land Use Plan (eCLUP) by provided particularly in formulating the
the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board climate-proofed CLUP. As of December
(HLURB), participated in by 63 municipal 2018, the municipality of Balud is in the
LGUs resulting to the preparation of nine process of mapping and filling in the data
draft eCLUPs and zoning ordinances (ZOs); gaps for their climate-proofed CLUP.

The Gawad Kalinga (GK), a non- the land available for housing with
government organization, implements LGU title is 343.17 hectares and the
projects such as building a community by land needed for housing is 3,634.02
funding one house or more. The houses built hectares. There is a need for all LGUs
by the GK were given to poor and homeless to update their respective CLUP to
families to help improve their quality of life. serve as guide in identifying housing
The GK project in Camarines Sur was fully and resettlement sites in safer areas.
supported by the LGUs and GK partners Further, promoting resilient housing
through financial and technical assistance, through adoption of appropriate
training opportunities, seminars, and building codes and technologies that
livelihood programs to the beneficiaries. incorporate conditions for resilience
is likewise a challenge that needs to be
Addressing the housing needs has always addressed. This will ensure safety of
been a challenge to the housing sector. Based the population against possible effects
on HUDCC estimates in 2018, the total of natural disaster and climate change.
housing needs of Bicol region is 457,191 units.
This was 41.37 percent higher compared ■ Simplifying housing-related
to the 323,409 housing needs in 2016. transactions and government
permitting processes. Among
In building safe and secure communities, the factors that hinder the speedy
the following challenges must be addressed: completion of housing and resettlement
projects is the complexity of government
■ Providing the homeless and permitting processes. A simplified
underprivileged Bicolanos with process in accordance with RA 11032 or
affordable and resilient housing units the EODB-EGSD Act will help address
located in safer areas. This has been the issues affecting the implementation
a perennial challenge for the housing of socialized housing projects. Republic
sector as the capacity of LGUs to Act 11201, which was signed into law
cope with the increasing demand for on February 14, 2019, calls for the
affordable and resilient housing units creation of the Department of Human
has not improved significantly. Not all Settlements and Urban Development
LGUs have socialized housing sites for (DHSUD) and is envisioned to
their homeless and underprivileged effectively manage housing, human
constituents. Based on DHSUD data, settlement, and urban development.
Action Plan
Building safe and secure communities economy. By 2022, the subsector outcome
boosts socioeconomic resiliency and of expanding access to affordable, adequate,
reduces inequality or “Pagbabago” towards safe, and secure shelters in well-planned
laying down the foundation for inclusive communities should have been achieved.
growth, a high-trust and resilient society, Figure 12.1 presents the Strategic Framework
and a globally competitive knowledge to Build Safe and Secure Communities.

Strategic Framework
Figure 12.1 Strategic Framework for Building Safe and Secure Communities, 2017-2022
Targets
By the end of 2022, the Bicol Updated the NHA resettlement program, SHFC
RDP 2017-2022 Midterm Update targets community mortgage program, and
to increase the number of households HDMF end-user financing program, and
provided with housing assistance through all LGUs have LSPs and approved CLUPs.
Strategies
The following strategies will help ■ Develop integrated neighborhood and
achieve the subsector outcome to sustainable communities particularly
address the challenges presented above: for low-income households.
Anchored on the NSS, the Bicol RSDF
Subsector Outcome: Access to affordable, will be implemented to address the
adequate, safe and secure shelter in well- challenges of agglomeration economies,
planned communities expanded connectivity, and vulnerability. Under

the Bicol RSDF, the growth and decentralization of housing and urban
development of urban centers and development efforts will be strengthened
human settlements will proceed in a in areas of land use planning, local
rational and sustainable manner, with shelter planning, land acquisition and
the convergence of efforts of various development, curbing proliferation of
sectors. This is to ensure that housing and informal settlers, and implementation
auxiliary services and needs of resettled of a regional resettlement action
informal settler families are adequately plan. The HLURB and HUDCC
satisfied. The physical infrastructure will continue to provide technical
of housing and location of human assistance to LGUs in formulating
settlements must ensure compliance the CLUPs and in preparing the LSP.
with DRR-CCA requirements to
mitigate risks and address vulnerability ■ Adopt viable land acquisition
issues. (Refer to Chapter 20) approaches and fast-track the
inventory of lands for socialized
■ Intensify implementation of alternative housing development. Aside from land
and innovative solutions in addressing ownership (i.e., usufruct, long-term
the housing needs of the lower lease, lease variants and land banking),
income classes and vulnerable sector. the upscaling of land acquisition
Solutions such as public rental housing, approaches will be pursued to address
mixed-income or mixed-use housing the perennial problem of identifying
development, housing microfinance suitable land, particularly in urban areas.
initiatives, incremental housing This will address affordability issues and
programs, and housing cooperatives hasten land disposition for socialized
will be explored to make housing more housing. In areas frequently affected by
affordable. These will help address the disasters, the inventory of lands will be
issue of low occupancy rate and cater to the basis for programs to incentivize
the sustainability needs of the homeless people to move out of high-risk areas.
and underprivileged beneficiaries.
The housing agencies will undertake
Housing finance reforms will be scale up programs, such as providing
instituted to meet the needs of starting free housing materials by the DSWD
families. The HDMF contribution and LGU partners in the aftermath of
system will be restructured to calamities to encourage people to secure
allow better matching of the age- funds for land acquisition in safer areas.
earning profile of members and This can serve as a model for providing
the required payment stream. the Quick Response Fund (QRF) under
the National Disaster Risk Reduction
■ Strengthen decentralization of and Management (NDRRM) Fund.
housing and urban development
interventions. As prescribed under the The inventory of lands and conduct of
Local Government Code (LGC) of 1991, cadastral surveys will be fast-tracked to
LGUs will be at the forefront of housing hasten the process of identifying land
and urban development, with the for housing projects. The government
support of the national government. The will identify its idle land assets that

can be used for socialized housing, housing finance modalities.
as provided for under MC 87, s. 2015. Programming and budgeting for
housing and resettlement interventions
■ Implement risk-sensitive housing will be institutionalized in the regional
programs and policies. Prohibiting budget process. This will ensure that
settlements within areas with high the budgetary requirements of shelter
hazard exposure will be enforced agencies are identified early in the
to ensure safety of the population. budget planning process for social
Housing and resettlement areas should preparation, provision of shelter,
be in appropriate lands, and should not utilities, infrastructure, community
encroach ECAs and conservation sites. facilities, and livelihood opportunities.
■ Strengthen partnerships with ■ Strengthen housing as a platform to

stakeholders. Multi-stakeholder reduce poverty and improve social
partnerships will be pursued to ensure outcomes. Housing programs will be
that local shelter plans are linked with linked with other social development
the National Resettlement Plan. Public- programs to maximize the “multiplier
private partnerships will be encouraged effect” in reducing poverty, generating
for housing projects and improve jobs and employment, and stimulating
compliance of developers to the policy downstream economic activities.
of balanced housing development. Housing-related strategies under the
The services of volunteers from the National Urban Development and
academe, corporate, non-government, Housing Framework (NUDHF) 2017-
and international organizations 2022 will be adopted to help achieve the
will be harnessed to deliver subsector outcome, and to make cities
social services, provide technical and human settlements inclusive, safe,
assistance, respond to disasters, and resilient and sustainable (SDG Goal 11).
undertake humanitarian efforts.
■ Develop an inclusive and integrated
■ Adopt a community-driven housing. Housing development
development (CDD) approach in will focus on the needs of those in
providing shelter towards safe and vulnerable situations, including
secure communities. A gender- IPs, PWDs, elderly, Informal Settler
responsive CDD approach will be Families (ISFs), internally displaced
promoted to involve the beneficiaries population from disaster, women and
in the entire development process. This children, among others. Mixed income
will help increase occupancy rates and housing will be encouraged to promote
achieve efficiency in the collection of inclusive communities. Settlements,
housing loan amortization, improve including those developed under
estate management, and ensure inclusive government resettlement programs,
access to and control of housing and will have access to basic social services,
human settlements and benefits. facilities and infrastructures, and safe,
affordable and sustained transport
■ Mainstream convergence in housing systems that link to employment
and resettlement, and innovative centers and livelihood opportunities.

■ Promote resilient housing. Climate such as location, culture, economic
resilient and affordable housing will be linkages, and livelihood opportunities.
adopted through appropriate housing A people-centered planning process can
standards or building codes, designs, address this gap, and allow stakeholders
technologies and innovations by to determine appropriate unit sizes.
incorporating conditions for resilience
and resource efficiency. Retrofitting ■ Promote alternative forms of tenure.
of existing housing structures based The NUDHF recognizes the value of
on disaster risks will be explored, providing security of tenure for urban
addressing the conditions of resilience, settlers, both formal and informal.
affordability, and rights-based housing. As policy reforms move toward
improving land management and land
■ Improve affordability of housing valuation, rights-based instruments
programs and projects. Government (RBIs) or other forms of secure tenure
must seek to improve, enhance, expand, instruments—such as usufruct, other
and sustain financing programs for lease variants, and right to occupy
government housing projects, especially or build—are recognized as secure
those that focus on community-based tenure instruments and collateral
housing and self-help such as the CMP. substitutes. The RBIs offer a less costly
Improving affordability through housing approach to providing secure tenure
finance must be coupled with initiatives to those unable to secure freehold
to increase families’ capacity to pay. titles, particularly the urban poor.
This means fully integrating sustainable
livelihood and employment into the ■ Promote local shelter planning to
housing process, and looking at economic encourage broad-based participation
development as a function of shelter and ensure implementation of
delivery. Integrated housing requires housing and land strategies. Citizen
the collaboration of shelter, economic, participation and localized capacity
and social welfare agencies beyond will be the foundation for effective and
their current or traditional mandates. efficient shelter provision. Through
local shelter planning, LGUs will be
■ Update appropriate housing unit able to determine housing needs,
size requirements based on local conduct inventory of resources, identify
context. Minimum standards are priority housing programs and projects,
currently implemented for lot area, and initiate needed partnership for
floor area, and level of completion of housing projects. It will also serve as
housing units7. LGUs and developers venue in expanding housing concepts
will be encouraged to further assess the and options that include public rental
needs of end users with regard to their housing, long-term lease, housing
space requirements, without income to informal settlers, underserved,
discrimination and considering factors and low salaried employees or tax-
7
Minimum lot area. Under BP 220, for single detached houses, the minimum lot area is 64 square meters
(sq.m.), 72 sq.m. under PD 957, for single detached economic housing; 100 sq. m. for medium cost housing; and
130 sq. m. for open market housing.
Minimum floor area. Under BP 220, the minimum floor area for single detached socialized housing is 18 square
meters (sq.m), 22 sq. m.under PD 957 for economic housing, 30 sq. m. for medium cost housing and 42 sq. m. for
open market housing.
Level of completion. Under PD 957, economic, medium cost and open market housing require a complete
house based on submitted plan specifications for all types (single detached, duplex, and row house). Under BP
220, socialized housing allows a shell house with doors and windows to enclose the unit, no enclosures for living
areas except for the toilet and bath. This allows the socialized housing buyer to upgrade his house at his own
affordability pace.
■ Enforce the balanced housing subdivision area or total subdivision
development. RA 10884 or the project cost, and at least 5 percent
Balanced Housing Program of the condominium area or
Amendments Act requires owners and condominium project cost and
developers of proposed subdivision and vertical housing in socialized
condominium projects to develop an housing projects. The provisions
area for socialized housing equivalent of this law will be implemented.
to at least 15 percent of the total
Legislative Agenda
In the remaining period of plan implementation, the legislative agenda and policies
being proposed for review/enhancement to build affordable, adequate, safe and secure
communities is presented in Table 12.2.
Table 12.2 Legislative Agenda to Build Safe and Secure Communities

National Land Use Act The enactment of the NaLUA will provide a comprehensive land use policy that
will ensure the sustainable use of the country’s land and physical resources.
Creation of Local Housing Boards in every Local Housing Boards in every city/municipality will strengthen the roles of the
city/ municipality LGUs in providing shelter through mandatory establishment of local housing
boards
Review of HUDCC template on affordability The affordability analysis in the LSP will improve affordability of housing
analysis in the LSP programs and projects.
Updating of the National Building Code and Housing policies must include climate change adaptive design and construction
Structural Code of the Philippines methods, tools and materials, and updated standards for housing unit size.
Formulate policies on urban planning and National and local institutional capacities in urban planning and management,
management as well as LSP preparation and implementation must be enhanced.
Amendment to the Comprehensive and The amendment will consider the low-cost public rental of ownership housing,
Integrated Shelter Financing Act (RA 7835) mortgage revenue bonds, LGU/private sector partnership for public rental
housing.

13 Reaching for the
Demographic Dividend
Chapter 13
Reaching for the Demographic

Dividend
Demographic dividend, also called demographic bonus, is realized when birth
rates decline such that the working age or economically productive population
increases, and the dependent population decreases. It is where majority
of the population is young, healthy, and has the right skill set to be highly
productive. This demographic characteristic creates a window of opportunity
for government to direct its resources to economic development rather
than to provide the needs of the dependent population. With a population
concentrated at older working age groups, it is possible for this population
to accumulate assets for investment, thus, increasing national income.
In reaching for the demographic dividend, the government and private

sectors made significant strides in 2017-2019. The core indicators identified
in the results matrix substantially improved based on the 2017 National
Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), the Operation Timbang Plus, and the
DOH administrative data. To attain the plan targets, the implementation of
Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health (RPRH) law, attainment of zero
unmet need for modern family planning, and the implementation of the National
Program on Population and Family Planning (NPPFP) need to be intensified.

Lower levels of fertility sustained. Young percent) of the total population in 2015.
Bicolanos continue to form the base of
the region’s population age structure. Bicol region’s age dependency ratio
The population of Bicol region reached declined from 74.9 in 2010 to 71.1
5.8 million in 2015 which grew at an in 2015, which means that there are
average growth of 1.3 percent from 2010
about 71 dependents per 100 workers.
to 2015, lower than the average growth
A low ratio means that those of the
of 1.5 percent from 2000 to 2010. While
the pace of growth slowed down, the working age, and the overall economy
population continues to grow significantly face lesser burden in supporting
with about 75,000 Bicolanos added to the dependent young and aging
the population every year. It is basically population. Economically productive
young (Figure 13.1), with those below 19 age group is 15 to 64 years old.
years old comprising almost half (48.1
Chapter 13 Reaching for the Demographic Dividend | 157

Figure 13.1. Population Pyramid, Bicol Region, 2015
Source: PSA
The total fertility rate (TFR) is the total 4.1 in 2013. Despite the improvement,
number of births a woman would have the region ranked third highest among
by the end of her childbearing period the 17 regions, besting Regions IX (3.6)
if she was to pass through those years and XII (3.4). According to the long-
bearing children at the currently observed term projection of the Commission on
age specific fertility rates. According to Population and Development (PopCom), if
the 2017 NDHS, the TFR for the Bicol the TFR drops to 2.1 in 2060, the population
Region dropped to 3.2, from the TFR of of the region can reach 10 million.

Figure 13.2. Teenage Pregnancy and Figure 13.3. Unmet Need by region, 2017
Motherhood by Region, 2017 (percentage (percentage of currently married women
of women age 15 to 19 who have begun aged 15 to 49 with unmet need for family
childbearing) planning)
Photo credit: 2017 NDHS Photo credit: 2017 NDHS
The teenage pregnancy rate (15 to 19 years The unmet need for family planning for
old) for the Bicol region is 4.4 percent the region also dropped to 21.3 percent
(Figure 13.2). The early pregnancy rate in 2017 from 25.1 percent in 2013 (Figure
(15 to 24 years old) dropped to 23.3 13.3). The region ranked second highest
percent in 2017 which is second lowest on unmet need for family planning among
among other regions, an improvement the 17 regions. Moreover, 51.3 percent
compared to the 26.6 percent in 2013 of married Bicolanas use contraceptive
when the region ranked fifth lowest in the methods which resulted to a high demand
country. In addressing the incidence of of 72.6 percent for family planning.
teenage pregnancy, adolescent, health and
development activities were continuously The Responsible Parenthood and Family
conducted. About 14,000 adolescents were Planning (RP-FP) barangay classes were
reached by the Adolescent, Health and conducted which include Usapan sessions,
Development activities in 2017 and 2018. pre-marriage counselling, classes for 4Ps, and
classes for non-4Ps. These were integrated
Unmet need for family planning refers in the Family Development Sessions (FDS)
to productive women who are not using of the 4Ps. Around 261,000 couples and
contraception but who wish to postpone the solo attendees were reached by the RP-FP
next birth or stop childbearing altogether. demand generation barangay classes in 2017

to 2019. Of the total number of participants institutions on the objectives of KATROPA
who attended the classes, about 58,300 facilitated the conduct of the activities.
newly referred couples (22 percent) were Those who attended the KATROPA
provided with modern FP method. Pills orientations are now KATROPA advocates.
ranked as the most preferred method
by newly referred couples, followed by The purple ribbon award for RPRH,
injectable, subdermal implant, bilateral conducted every three years, is granted to
tubal ligation, and intrauterine device. recognize meritorious LGUs (province,
city and municipality) and CSOs that
The lifting of the temporary restraining have displayed exemplary practices,
order on contraceptives at the end of 2017 accomplishments and innovations in the
positively contributed to the implementation implementation of RPRH and family
of the family planning programs in 2018 planning programs. The 2018 best
and 2019. However, not all LGUs have implementer for provincial category was the
plantilla position for a population officer province of Sorsogon. For the city category,
which delayed the implementation of it was the City of Naga, while San Fernando,
family planning programs at the local level. Camarines Sur made it to the municipality
category. The Family Planning Organization
Modern contraceptive prevalence rate of the Philippines - Camarines Sur Chapter
(MCPR) slightly increased from 31.1 was recognized under the CSO category.
percent in 2013 to 32 percent in 2017.
However, the region is still behind the Outstanding local population officers,
targeted 48 percent and ranked second workers and structures in the region
lowest among the regions in the use were also recognized through the 2019
of contraceptives, which can be partly Kaunlarang Pantao award. The award
attributed to religious influences and beliefs. aims to publicly recognize significant
performances and contributions of the
Spousal violence in the region reached 24 Philippine Population Management
percent in 2017 which is fourth highest Program’s implementing arm at the local
among regions. Spousal violence can cause level. The most outstanding provincial and
health burdens, intergenerational effects, city population office are the Population
and demographic consequences. Bicolanas Development Division of Provincial Health
who experienced spousal violence cannot Office of Albay and the City Population and
be productive enough to contribute to Nutrition Office of Naga, respectively. The
the development of the economy. These most outstanding city population officer
Bicolanas, including their children, become and barangay population volunteer are
a burden to society. With this, strengthening Ms. Teresita A. Del Castillo of Naga City
of male involvement was undertaken and Ms. Maricris E. Cuadro of Concepcion
in 2017-2019 through the conduct of Pequeña, Naga City, respectively.
Kalalakihang Tapat sa Responsibilidad
at Obligasyon sa Pamilya (KATROPA) Investments in health, nutrition, and
orientations by the PopCom Region 5. The education of children and youth increased.
availability of trained KATROPA resource In 2019, the under-five mortality rate went
persons, strong partnerships with LGUs down from 9.48 deaths per 1,000 live
and agencies, and appreciation of partner births in 2018 to 6.55 deaths per 1,000 live

births, surpassing the plan target of less than approved by President Duterte in March
13 deaths per 1,000 livebirths. Maternal 2019. The NPPFP is a major component
mortality rate also went down from 114.0 of the RPRH Law that aims to reduce
deaths per 100,000 live births in 2018 to unplanned and unwanted pregnancies by
84.79 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2019, enabling couples and individuals to attain
surpassing the plan target of 100 deaths per their desired number of children within
100,000 live births. One of the key elements the context of responsible parenthood.
of the safe motherhood program is the With this, more women were given access
improvement of maternal health services. to effective modern contraceptives.
A Regional Maternal Death Review was
conducted to monitor maternal deaths, and In 2017-2019, the Universal Access to
identify medical, social, and health system Quality Tertiary Education Act or RA 10931,
factors that should be addressed to address the Philippine Human Immunodeficiency
gaps in service provision and utilization. On Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency
the other hand, under the annual Operation Syndrome Policy Act or RA 11166, the
Timbang Plus, the prevalence rate of DHSUD Act or RA 11201, the Expanded
stunting (low height for age) among children Maternity Leave Act or RA 11210, the
under five years old was reduced from 18.7 Universal Health Care Act or RA 11223,
percent in 2018 to 17.8 percent in 2019. and the 4Ps Act or RA 11310 were passed.
A comprehensive and enabling social policy The implementation of Enhanced Basic

implemented. Appropriate population, Education Act or RA 10533 in 2013, the
social, and economic policies were put in RPRH Act or RA 10354 in 2012, and the
place to reach the demographic dividend. Magna Carta of Women or RA 9710 in
These reforms include the strengthened 2009 were intensified to contribute to
implementation of the RPRH law that achieving the demographic dividend.
enabled, especially poor couples, to make
informed choices on financial and family Integration of population factors in all
planning. On January 9, 2017, EO 12 was development initiatives strengthened.
issued mandating the strict implementation The population and development (PopDev)
of RPRH Law to attain and sustain zero orientations aimed to help establish or
unmet need for modern family planning. improve data banks, and develop plans
and programs that are evidence-based
Executive Order 71, s. 2018 issued with gender factors considered. The
on December 14, 2018, renamed the training sessions aimed to understand
Commission on Population to Commission PopDev integration concepts, tools,
on Population and Development and processes and methodologies; and to
attached it to NEDA from the DOH. come up with a more comprehensive and
The EO will strengthen and fast-track reliable description of data to be used in
programs on population and family the demographic and socio-economic
planning to match with the goal of situation. The orientations and training
inclusive development by promoting sessions conducted were on the following:
family planning and reproductive health. (a) Basic PopDev concepts and PopDev
indicators; (b) PopDev Integration and
The implementation of the NPPFP was Gender Responsive Population Strategies;

(c) Data Analysis; and (d) Computing pregnancies. There is a need to empower
PopDev Indicators and Data Analysis. the youth to make better and informed
choices about their sexual behaviors.
The following are the challenges
that must be addressed: ■ Helping the youth avoid or at
least recover from unfortunate
■ Postponing first births and extending circumstances. These situations are
the interval between births. The number results of wrong choices or decisions
of children a woman of reproductive or forced into a situation, such as early
age bears depends on factors including marriage or pregnancy, leaving school,
the age at first childbirth, and the repeat pregnancies, child illness,
interval between births. There is a maternal morbidity, informal work,
need to close the gap between the insecurity, and displacement. Examples
actual and desired number of children. are social policies on discrimination
against young mothers at school and
■ Reducing adolescents having children. young single parents in the workplace,
It is desired that the adolescents will and revising job descriptions that require
prevent early sexual engagement, at least a K to 12 curriculum graduate.
adolescent pregnancy, and repeat
Action Plan
Strategic Framework
The demographic dividend is attained globally competitive knowledge economy,
through the transition characterized by the aim is to accelerate and sustain
declining mortality and fertility rates, economic growth. One way is to accelerate
resulting to the shrinking of the dependent demographic transition by reducing
age (0 to 14 years old) group and expansion of mortality rates; and reducing fertility rates.
the workforce (15 to 64 years old) age group. Another way is to maximize the gains
from demographic dividend by improving
Under the Patuloy na Pag-Unlad or quality of human capital; reducing youth
Increasing Growth Potential pillar of the unemployment; improving savings
Bicol RDP 2017-2022 towards laying build-up; and improving population and
down the foundation for inclusive growth, development integration. (Figure 13.4)
a high-trust and resilient society, and a

Figure 13.4. Strategic Framework to Reach for the Demographic Dividend, 2017-2022
Targets
The Bicol RDP Midterm Update 2017- prevalence of stunting among children under
2022 targets to reduce the (a) TFR from five from 40.2 percent in 2015 to 31.2 percent
4.1 percent in 2013 to 2.1 percent in 2022; in 2022. The plan also targets to increase
(b) maternal mortality rate from 112 per the modern contraceptive prevalence rate
100,000 livebirths in 2016 to 90 per 100,000 from 31.3 percent in 2013 to 63 percent in
livebirths; (c) under five mortality rate from 2022. By 2022, there is zero unmet need for
33 per 1,000 livebirths in 2013 to less than family planning from 27.4 percent in 2013.
13 per 1,000 livebirths in 2022; and (d)
Strategies
The following strategies will help achieve especially among infants, children under
the subsector outcomes to address the 5 years old, and women. Other health
challenges presented above: strategies will also be implemented to
reduce mortality rates. (Refer to Chapter 10)
Subsector Outcome: Demographic
Transition Accelerated Reduce fertility rates. Population
management and reproductive health
Reduce mortality rate. A sustained policies and programs will be strengthened
universal health care program will be to lower fertility level. The RPRH Law will be
pursued to achieve low mortality rate. The fully implemented along with EO 12, s. 2017
focus will be on lowering mortality rates in attaining and sustaining zero unmet need

for modern family planning. Provision of Subsector Outcome: Gains from
family planning services will be focused on Demographic Dividend Maximized
the poor households in urban communities,
GIDAs, including indigenous women. Improve the quality of human capital. To
ensure a healthy labor force population,
Local government resources will be investments in health, nutrition, and
increased to ensure improved access of education of children and youth will be
all Filipinos to the widest range of family increased. Children who are healthy
planning methods. The involvement are more likely to be attentive in school
of men, civil society and private sector and make the most out of educational
organizations will be encouraged to opportunities. Health programs that
mobilize all stakeholders in the promotion of provide immunization and prevent and treat
universal access to modern family planning common infections will help children excel
methods and change the people’s mindset in school and become better workers. Good
on the use of modern contraceptives. nutrition promotes cognitive development
among infants and children and sustains
To address the rising incidence of child health. Investments will be increased
teenage pregnancy, age-appropriate and to improve education processes and
comprehensive sexuality education among outcomes, such as building more schools
adolescents will be promoted. These and hiring teachers. Integration of lessons
include the integration of reproductive on sexuality education will help students
health education in curricular and make informed decisions about population
extra-curricular modalities in schools, issues such as early marriage and/or
communities, and workplaces. Social media early pregnancy. (Refer to Chapter 10)
and other online networks will be used for
responsible sexuality education to reach Reduce youth unemployment rate.
out to various segments of young people. Making the most out of quality human
resource is a critical strategy for maximizing
The role of parents, teachers, and adults in the gains from the demographic dividend.
guiding their adolescent children toward The creation of more productive jobs
responsible sexuality will be strengthened. will be facilitated by the government, in
This includes a more coordinated collaboration with the private sector. More
implementation of adolescent, health, and jobs will be created with the influx of
development interventions, and partnerships graduates of the K to 12 Basic Education
with civil society and youth organizations. Curriculum. Policies that will reduce youth
unemployment and promote employment
The proper birth spacing of three to five or productivity among the older population
years will be promoted to lower fertility will also be explored. (Refer to Chapter 10)
levels and to increase the chances of
women to participate in the labor force Encourage the build-up of family savings.
and human resource formation activities. With the RPRH law, the government will
The promotion of birth spacing will be assist couples and individuals in achieving
integrated in the promotion of reproductive their desired fertility intention. With
health and family planning interventions. fewer children, couples can save more
from health and education expenses of

children. Adolescent and early pregnancy infrastructure, and economic development.
has economic implications particularly
on savings. Financial inclusion strategies Population and development orientations
will be implemented to encourage will be continuously conducted to close
savings build-up. (Refer to Chapter 15) gender gap in society, i.e., in education
and labor market participation, and
Promote the integration of population in the implementation of gender-
in development processes. Population responsive plans and programs.
factors will be integrated in all development
initiatives to ensure that demographic The prospect of demographic dividend
dynamics are considered in sustainable is more pronounced in urban areas
and economic development undertakings. because of youth migration to cities.
Demographic data needed for planning Cities usually receive the bulk of new
and formulating appropriate interventions entrants to the labor force and deal with
to maximize gains from the demographic the concomitant pressure to employ these
dividend will be strengthened at all levels. workers. Initiatives to maximize gains
The use of population data will be promoted, from the demographic dividend entail
particularly in planning interventions improving the capacity of cities to employ
in health, education, employment, the vast human resources they receive.
Legislative Agenda
In the remaining period of plan implementation, the proposed legislative agenda in support
of the strategies to reach the demographic dividend is presented in Table 13.1.
Table 13.1. Legislative Agenda to Maximize Demographic Dividend, 2017-2022

Institutionalization of Local Population and There is a need to have a cohesive policy in addressing population and
Development Policy development at the local level. It seeks to establish population and
development offices in LGUs.
National Policy on the Prevention of The alarming level of teenage pregnancy requires a comprehensive policy to
Teenage Pregnancy address the problem at all levels of government. This requires the formulation
of a national plan for the prevention of teenage pregnancy.

14
Vigorously Advancing
Science, Technology
and Innovation
Chapter 14
Vigorously Advancing Science,

Technology and Innovation
Under the Pillar “Patuloy na Pag-Unlad” or increased potential growth,
science, technology and innovation will be further advanced and promoted.
Technological advancement increases productivity as new products, processes
and methods, and innovation come from R&D which are then developed,
verified, commercialized and adopted. Science and technology play key roles
in managing disasters and climate change, and in providing effective response
to disasters through timely information and early warning of potential hazards.

Policy and monitoring framework through various exhibits and activities.
strengthened. To improve operational For 2017 and 2018, the event gained a
processes and methods through total of 8,843 visitors/viewers regionwide,
technological innovation, the DOST assisted promoted 12 technologies and conducted
1,229 firms, comprised of 3,289 participants 12 technology fora. The number of
from all over the region, and conducted participants in the RSTW is increasing due
101 training activities in 2017 and 2018. to the increased public awareness on STI.
Training activities include the monitoring
and maintenance of early warning systems Mechanisms for dissemination and
and a series of trainings conducted by utilization of technology were adopted.
the National Academy of Science and In order to improve the competitive edge
Technology (NAST). Activities to promote of MSMEs in the region, the DOST, in
women involvement and empowerment in collaboration with the Bicol State College
the field of STI through technology training of Applied Sciences and Technology
courses and seminars were conducted. (BISCAST) launched the Manufacturing
Under Section 26 of the Implementing and Fabrication Laboratory (ManFabLab)
Rules and Regulations (IRR) of RA 9710, on August 8, 2018. The facility will help
technology training courses were conducted MSMEs gain a competitive edge in their
from February to November 2018 and was operations through innovative designs
participated in by a total of 990 participants and solutions best suited to their needs.
where 647 (or 65.35 percent) were women. Since its establishment in 2018, the facility
already served 11 customers regionwide.
STI culture encouraged. The Regional
Science and Technology Week (RSTW) is The SETUP continues to assist MSMEs
an annual event which aims to showcase through its technology transfer
the contributions of STI in the region and commercialization activities.
Chapter 14 Vigorously Advancing Science, Technology and Innvovation | 169

The Innovation System Support project The Crabmeat Processing and Canning
under the SETUP assisted 89 cooperators, Facility, a PHP15 million grant to the SSC,
provided 150 technology interventions, will provide value-adding technologies
and generated 1,908 jobs in the region from to maximize economic gains of its direct
2017-2018. The Packaging and Labelling beneficiaries. On the other hand, the Abaca
services, also under the SETUP, served 75 Technology Innovation Center (ATIC),
firms and provided a total of 193 packaging an PHP8 million grant was turned over
and labeling designs to clients in the region. to Catanduanes State University (CSU) to
The Productivity Consultancy services provide a venue for R&D dedicated to abaca
also assisted a total of 31 food-safety product development and value adding.
firms, four cleaner production technology
firms, and 159 other firms in the region. From 2017-2018, the One-stop Laboratory
The infusion of appropriate technologies Services for Global Competitiveness
in enterprise development coupled with (OneLab) has provided 6,500 testing and
technical recommendations, technology calibration services to 2,272 customers,
needs assessment, and improved processes assisted 1,940 firms, and issued 110 referrals to
contributed to the success of the project. other OneLab members all over the country.
The OneStore Project, an online marketing Establish innovation hubs. To help reduce
platform for SETUP Projects was able the increasing number of malnutrition cases
to establish five innovation hubs and in the country, the DOST established the
assisted 12 firms regionwide. The site Complimentary Food Processing Facilities
was also able to upload 381 products (CFPF) awarded to the Central Bicol
of different MSMEs of the region. State University of Agriculture (CBSUA)
and LGU Iriga City. For 2017 and 2018,
To serve marginalized and GIDAs, the the project assisted five firms/LGUs and
Community Empowerment for Science provided six technology interventions. It
and Technology (CEST) assisted 13 operationalized six facilities in the region.
municipalities in the region and provided
18 technology interventions to clients from Strengthened government-academe-
2017-2018. The CEST is successful in its industry linkage. The STI implementers, in
implementation because of the positive collaboration with SUCs and other research
outlook of partner LGUs and the increased consortia, formulated and implemented
interventions on the identified needs of the various PAPs to promote and advance S&T
community during the Community Life adoption and stimulate innovation in the
Competence Process (CLCP) training- region. As of December 2018, there were
workshops in CEST communities. 429 students who graduated from the DOST
S&T Scholarship grant under the newly
The DOST turned over the Grant-in- established Junior Level Science Scholarship
Aid (GIA) program which is designed to (JLSS) Program. As of 2018, there are
contribute to productivity improvement 1,752 scholars in the region under the JLSS
and quality of life of Filipinos by generating Program and the Undergraduate Scholarship
and promoting appropriate technologies. Program. In 2017, the implementation of
On November 16, 2018, two GIA projects the DOST-Science Education Institute (SEI)
were turned over by the DOST to two SUCs. Merit Scholarship Program under RA 2067

was suspended due to the K to 12 Program. (a food processing equipment) was
The Regional Inclusive Innovation Center conducted in September 2018 as part of
(RIIC) under the Science, Technology, the preparatory activities. Although the
Research and Innovation for Development completion of the facility equipment is
(STRIDE) Program aims to bridge the gap still in process, it has developed/improved
between the industry and the academe and a total of 10 product prototypes and has
to create a regional ecosystem (both virtual served a total of 118 customers in 2018.
and physical) consisting of universities,
R&D labs, S&T parks, incubators, fab labs, Strengthened STI infrastructure. One of
co-working spaces, investors and LGUs, the project components of the Science for
start-ups, SMEs, and Large Enterprises Change Program (S4CP) of the DOST was
(LEs). As initial activity, the RIIC focused the creation of the Pili R&D Center of the
on the pili industry in Legazpi City. The BU, under the Niche Centers in the Regions
Bicol Innovation Core Group discussed and for R&D (Pili-NICER). The Pili-NICER
identified collaboration projects between will enhance competitive advantage of Pili
member agencies on the R&D of the pili (the Tree of Hope) in the world market
nut. The Innovation Pathways Workshop through collaborative R&D of different
was conducted where R&D interventions SUCs/HEIs and concerned agencies in
were identified to address major issues and the region. As of August 30, 2019, the
concerns raised by the different stakeholders Memorandum of Agreement (MOA)
of the pili industry on the production, between BU and DOST was signed and is
processing, and its regulatory compliance. waiting for fund release for its operation.
R&D agenda for the region was formulated. Improved DRR-CCA initiatives through
The Research and Development (R&D) STI. Geared towards improving DRR-
Committee, a committee under the Bicol CCA initiatives through STI, 165 sensors
RDC, was institutionalized in 2017 to set and warning stations, 22 sirens and
the direction of R&D agenda in the region two short message service (SMS)-based
and ensure that research recommendations early warning system were installed and
are converted into tangible tools that can be are being maintained. Science-based
used for commercialization and utilization. disaster risk and vulnerability assessment
The committee is composed of 14 members were conducted by the DENR-MGB.
from SUCs/HEI, consortia and NGAs. The
Regional R&D Agenda was formulated in The following are the challenges that must
May 2018 and was approved on June 8, 2018. be addressed:
New products and processes were ■ Establishing the STI database on

developed. The Bicol Regional Food R&D expenditure, and number of
Innovation and Commercialization Bicolano scientists, patents, utility
Center (BRFICC) was launched in models registered and industrial
December 18, 2017 as part of the “HITS: designs registered to identify gaps and
Roll-out of the DOST-developed Food to properly channel the interventions;
Processing Equipment to the Regions”
program. A training on the operations of ■ Intensifying the implementation of the
Elektrolaboratoriet A/S (Ellab) equipment Balik Scientist Law; the government

has to strengthen implementation region in terms of the number of
of the law to encourage Filipino STI patents and intellectual property
experts such as scientists, professionals, rights, and published scientific
educators, technicians, researchers, and technical journals need to be
engineers, innovators, technologists, addressed. Support to STI efforts and
and technology entrepreneurs to return implementers are needed especially
to the country and share their expertise. in terms of funding and investments
This will strengthen the country’s to bolster knowledge and technology
scientific and technological human outputs in terms of STI sharing,
resources to accelerate the development utilization, and commercialization.
of new and strategically important
technologies that will support the ■ Strengthening partnership and
agriculture and industry sectors. innovation linkages to harmonize
the development initiatives of
■ Enhancing research and innovation various stakeholders in the region
productivity; the low output of and to avoid duplication of efforts
knowledge and technology in the especially in key areas of STI.
Action Plan
Promoting and accelerating technology capacity for technology generation,
adoption and stimulating innovation will acquisition and adoption enhanced.
contribute to increasing potential for growth
or “Patuloy na Pag-unlad” towards laying The implementation of key PAPs will be
down the foundation for inclusive growth, a pursued such as the SETUP, OneStore,
high trust and resilient society, and a globally OneLab, and the conduct of the RSTW.
competitive knowledge economy. By 2022, Necessary funding will be provided to R&D
the following subsector outcomes should Centers such as the BRFICC, ManFab Labs,
have been achieved: (a) STI mainstreamed; CPCF and the ATIC for the continuous
(b) technology transfer, commercialization operation of these facilities, and for improving
and utilization accelerated; (c) partnership the quality of service being provided.
and linkages strengthened; and (d)
Targets
The Updated Bicol RDP 2017-2022 targets STIs transferred, commercialized and
an increasing number of: (a) established utilized; and, (e) SETUP beneficiaries.
innovation hubs; (b) scholars taking There must also be an increase in public
up STI courses; (c) STI implementers expenditure on research and development.
(researcher, scientists, and engineers; (d)

Strategic Framework
Figure 14.1 Strategic Framework on Vigorously Advancing Science, Technology and
Innovation, 2017-2022
Strategies
The following strategies will address the continuous promotion of DOST S&T
challenges and further strengthen the Scholarship programs will increase the
existing efforts on the promotion and number of youth that engages in STI-
advancement of STI in the region: related courses and programs offered
by the different academic institutions
Sector Outcome 1: Technology in the region. This will disseminate
Adoption Promoted and the importance of STI in catching-
Accelerated up with current demand through
extensive knowledge in STI and further
improve regional competitiveness.
Subsector Outcome 1: Mainstreamed STI
Subsector Outcome 2: Technology
■ Intensify promotion of STI-related transfer, commercialization and
scholarship grants and incentives. The utilization accelerated

■ Strengthen the inclusive innovation expenditure, the number of Bicolano
industrial strategy (I3S) as the new scientists, the number of patents,
industrial strategy. Innovation and utility models and industrial designs
entrepreneurship ecosystem will be registered, and to identify gaps and
built since innovation is in the front key areas that require support. The
and center of policies. New industries data will be used to formulate sound
will be upgraded and developed and the policies in addressing said issues.
workforce must be reskilled or upskilled
to enable them to cope with this ■ Increase investments in technology
development. (Refer to Chapters 9 and 10) and innovation. The demand for
new technologies also requires an
■ Establish more hubs to boost creative increase in investments to finance
industry. Creative hubs will be critical R&D activities in the region in
established in the region to improve collaboration with the private sector.
the creative industry. These hubs
will serve as venues for exchanging, ■ Improve the quality of existing
transferring, and facilitating knowledge innovation hubs /centers and
especially in culture and STI. laboratories. Upgrading STI facilities
is crucial in improving the services
Sector Outcome 2: I n n o v a t i o n rendered to the different stakeholders
Stimulated and for the efficient operation of STI
facilities. Continuous provision of
Subsector Outcome 3: Partnership and technical assistance through training
Linkages Strengthened programs and other capacity building
activities to personnel operating the
■ Strengthen government-academe- STI facilities is important. This will
industry linkages. The collaboration enable them to stay up-to-date with the
between universities, R&D institutions, recent developments in STI and allow
industry, and the government will them to create new and innovative ways
be strengthened to make the most of delivering high quality service to
of the advantages brought about stakeholders requesting STI assistance.
by technological development.
Initiatives will be coordinated and ■ Strengthen the promotion of
harmonized to avoid duplication technology training services.
and to synchronize efforts in STI. Promotion of technology training
services must be strengthened through
Subsector Outcome 4: Capacity for information dissemination and proper
technology generation, acquisition and coordination with stakeholders
adoption enhanced (MSMEs, LGUs, NGAs, CSOs) on new
technologies and innovations. The
■ Establish a Science and Technology more there are stakeholders who know
Database. The STI Database will about the technology, the faster will
serve as an inventory of the important the adoption of the technology spread.
STI components in the region. It Such technologies and innovations
will aid in the monitoring of R&D will facilitate the operations of offices

and businesses, and provide livelihood implementers working abroad to
opportunities to communities return and share their expertise.
through technical assistance on
the utilization of technology. ■ Improve disaster resilience and
climate change adaptation through
■ Improve incentives to STI STI. Initiatives in DRR-CCA will be
Implementers. Technical and financial enhanced by creating and adopting
support are essential in encouraging new technologies and instruments
participation of STI implementers such that will improve detection of
as scientists, inventors, researchers, typhoons and strengthen weather
engineers, and innovators, among forecasting. Assessment of existing
others. The implementation of and possible risks will be improved
the Balik Scientist Law will be though the use of modern technology.
strengthened further to entice STI
Legislative Agenda
In the remaining period of plan implementation, the proposed legislative agenda
in support of the strategies to vigorously advance science, technology and
innovation is presented in Table 14.1.
Table 14.1 Legislative Agenda to Vigorously Advance Science, Technology and Innovation

House Bill 651: The Asset Act of 2019 Advance and sustain science, engineering and technology research and
education through the creation of the Asset Scholarship Center, and
institutionalize reforms in the procurement and fund disbursement systems in
Science, Engineering and Technology Scholarship Programs.
House Bill 1025: An Act Establishing the Achieve a higher standard of S&T by prescribing the basic policy requirements
Science for Change Program for the promotion of S&T and comprehensively and systematically promoting
policies for the progress of S&T.
House Bill 5762: An Act Providing for the The DOST must be modernized as the primary institution in promoting and
Modernization of the DOST, appropriating advancing S&T adoption and stimulating innovation in the country. It will be
funds thereof, and for other purposes upgraded by modernizing its facilities and other operational aspects to ensure
best results of its scientific and technological activities to accelerate economic
and social development.
House Bill 4730: An Act Substantially Promote and support inventions of Filipino inventors through substantial
Incentivizing Filipino Inventors with the End incentives including, but not limited to, financial support, study and research
in View of Fully Developing their Inventions grants, technical, material and industry support.
that Benefit the Nation

15
Ensuring Sound
Macroeconomic
Policy
Chapter 15
Ensuring Sound
Macroeconomic Policy
An enabling and supportive economic environment is necessary to
reduce inequality and increase growth potential. The enabling economic
environment must be sound and stable which may be achieved through a
responsible, strategic, and supportive fiscal sector, resilient and inclusive
monetary and financial sector, and a strategic external trade policy regime.
A fiscal sector that is responsible, strategic, and supportive of inclusive growth

can boost the economy and provide stable environment that is conducive to
investments. Monetary policies that ensure price stability with a stable and
inclusive financial sector can support growth and improve access
to economic opportunities. A strategic external trade policy regime
enables Philippine enterprises to successfully compete in global
markets and provide employment opportunities for Filipinos.
The Bicol Region will contribute to the attainment of a sound

and stable macroeconomic environment to encourage investors
to locate their businesses in the region that will provide the
much-needed employment opportunities for the Bicolanos.

Sound macroeconomic policies in the region The region’s economic growth is fueled
are in place as evidenced by the economic by the services sector, which grew by 6.4
growth experienced by the Bicolanos. percent in 2017 to 8.8 percent in 2018, and
accounted for 57.5 percent of the GRDP. The
The regional economy grew by an annual expansion of the services sector exceeded
average of 6.9 percent in 2017 and 2018 the target of 8.0 percent. The services
but missing the Plan targets based on the sector, which includes transportation
2015 GRDP baseline. In 2018, the Bicol and communication, trade, financial
GRDP grew by 8.9 percent which is faster intermediation, real estate and business
than the 5.0 percent recorded in 2017, services, public administration, and other
surpassing all other regions nationwide services including tourism and public
in terms of economic growth. For the past administration, grew the fastest in 2018
two years, all the three major economic among these subsectors at 17.1 percent and
sectors, namely, Industry, Services, and 14.0 percent, respectively. The industry sector
AHFF, recorded positive growth rates. recorded the fastest growth of 14.2 percent
Chapter 15 Ensuring Sound Macroeconomic Policy | 181

from 3.5 percent in 2017, short of the 18.0 2000 prices) of GRDP amounted to
percent target. The faster growth of the PHP187.60 billion from PHP172.25
industry sector is attributed to construction, billion in 2017 or equivalent to per capita
and mining and quarrying which grew by GRDP of PHP29,369, which remains as
21.7 percent (from 4.9 percent in 2017) and one of the lowest, second to Autonomous
18.8 percent (from 5.5 percent in 2017) Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM).
respectively. The AHFF expanded by 3.2
percent from 2.6 percent in 2017, exceeding Regional inflation, the highest in 2018.
the target of 1.2 percent, with both In 2017, the regional inflation rate was
agriculture and forestry, and fishing having recorded at 1.30 percent. However, monthly
positive growth rates of 3.2 percent and 3.3 inflation in 2018 steadily climbed from
percent, respectively. However, despite the 3.1 percent in January to 10.1 percent in
expansion of AHFF, its share to the total September, the highest in the country, then
GRDP continues to decline by almost 1 slowed down to 7.0 percent in December.
percentage point. The development progeria The regional inflation rate in 2018 was
being exhibited by the regional economy recorded at 6.90 percent which is short of
must be reversed by enhancing productivity the target of 2 to 4 percent. The upsurge
of the agriculture sector that will support in 2018 was due to the increased prices
export oriented agri-based industries. in almost all of the commodity/service
groups particularly in food and non-
In 2018, the GRDP shares are as follows: alcoholic beverages. All Bicol provinces,
services sector at 57.5 percent, industry except Catanduanes and Sorsogon, posted
sector at 23.9 percent and AHFF at 18.6 double digit inflation rates in September.
percent, while the GVA (at constant
Figure 15.1 Inflation Rate , Bicol Region, 2017 and 2018
Source: PSA

Revenue collection decreased in in the LGC that used to define the “just
2018. Despite the intensified revenue share” of an LGU as being sourced from
collection efforts such as tax campaign “national internal revenue taxes.” The
and benchmarking activities, there was phrase “internal revenue taxes” is now
a decrease of PHP1.44 billion in revenue deleted from the provisions and replaced
collection from PHP9.08 billion in 2017 with “national taxes.” This means that
to PHP7.64 billion in 2018 due to the by 2022, the LGUs’ share in the national
decrease in tax remittances since workers income will be derived from a wider base.
with taxable income of PHP250,000 are
subject to zero rate, and some taxpayers Financial inclusion was strengthened.
opted to change registration from value- The banking system has remained sound,
added tax (VAT) to non-VAT because stable and liquid with the establishment of
of increased threshold to PHP3 million. additional banks from 422 in 2016 to 499
Compared to 2017, there was an increase (153 universal/commercial banks, 109 thrift
of PHP1.56 billion in revenue collection banks, and 237 rural and cooperative banks)
from PHP9.19 billion in 2016 to PHP10.75 in 2018. More than 60 percent of these banks
billion in 2017. As a result of tax mapping, are located in Albay and Camarines Sur.
there was an increase in the number of
business registrations and active registrants The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP)
from 24,526 in 2016 to 52,558 in 2017. held public information campaigns on
financial education, consumer protection,
Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) currency awareness, coin recirculation
dependency improved. The region’s IRA program, clean note policy, and the role
dependency slightly improved from 82.0 of BSP in the Philippine economy. The
percent in 2015 to 55.0 percent in 2018. Knowledge Resource Network (KRN) of
Among the LGUs, the provinces exhibited the BSP established seven libraries in Albay,
less IRA dependency at 51 percent, a Camarines Sur and Camarines Norte to
significant improvement from 91 percent enhance public understanding on economic
in 2015. The cities’ IRA dependency and financial concepts and issues, with
remained at 68 percent. Among these strong support from line agencies, private
LGUs, the province of Albay and the City sector, banking community, academe,
of Naga were less dependent on IRA with media, students, OFWs, 4Ps beneficiaries,
43 percent and 47 percent, respectively. and teachers. The KRNs seek to enhance
Overall, local revenue generation increased public understanding of economic and
by 392 percent from PHP2 billion in 2015 financial concepts. Increasing access
to PHP9.9 billion in 2018. Although local of MSMEs to financing is one of the
revenue generation significantly improved, challenges to make MSMEs inclusive.
revenue generation capacities of LGUs
must be enhanced especially among the Efficiency and innovation in microfinance
five cities (except Legazpi and Naga) with was promoted. Cooperatives and
IRA dependency of more than 80 percent. microfinance organizations provided
financial and non-financial services to
In July 2018, the Supreme Court ruled on help member-entrepreneurs scale up their
the Mandanas Case that redefined the “just operations. The Simbag sa Pag-Asenso,
share” of LGUs, amending three provisions Inc. of the Social Action Center (SAC)

of the Diocese of Legazpi, which started as a participated in by an increased number of
socio-economic development program, has MSMEs. Bicolano products were promoted
evolved into a microfinance organization during the conduct of international and
that created opportunities for livelihood local trade fairs. (Refer to Chapter 9)
programs and benefited entrepreneurial
households, in addition to other value- Measures to mitigate risks to businesses
added services, such as education, health, during disasters were undertaken.
and social protection services. The Pondo The promotion of the Green Economic
sa Pagbabago at Pag-asenso (P3) Program Development has propelled MSMEs
is a financing initiative of the government and institutions to implement inclusive,
assisted micro entrepreneurs by providing environment friendly, and climate-
affordable and cost-efficient micro loans smart strategies and measures while
with 2.5 percent monthly interest. The increasing their levels of competitiveness.
program aims to stabilize informal lending,
such as the 5-6 lending, and prevent micro- For the succeeding years, the challenge is to
entrepreneurs from becoming victims of encourage more investments by enhancing
usurious lenders. Microfinancing must LGUs’ revenue collection, and engaging
be made accessible at low interest rates the private sector in local development
to community-based organizations. initiatives. Government and private
banks must also expand loans to MSMEs
Support to the Bicol region’s export-oriented support the financial inclusion agenda.
industries were provided. Trade and
business missions were conducted and were
Action Plan
Implementing strategic trade and fiscal and a globally competitive knowledge
policy, maintaining macroeconomic economy. By 2022, the following subsector
stability, and promoting competition outcomes should have been achieved: (a)
will contribute to reducing inequality a responsible, strategic, and supportive
or “Pagbabago” and increasing potential fiscal sector; (b) a resilient and inclusive
growth or “Patuloy na Pag-unlad” towards monetary and financial sector; and (c)
laying down the foundation for inclusive a strategic external trade policy regime.
growth, a high trust and resilient society,
Targets
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 targets a rate of 2 to 4 percent. By 2022, the
gross regional domestic product annual average regional IRA dependency ratio
growth rate of 6.7 to 7.7 percent, and of all LGUs has improved to 51 percent.
maintain a single digit annual inflation

Strategic Framework
Figure 15.2 Strategic Framework to Ensure Sound Strategic Macroeconomic Policy,
2017-2022
Strategies
The following strategies will help professionalization of local treasurers
achieve the subsector outcomes to through Standardized Examination and
address the challenges presented above: Assessment for Local Treasury Service
Program; (b) updating key local finance
Subsector Outcome 1: Responsible, manuals to include developments in
Strategic and Supportive Fiscal Sector local finance; (c) intensifying LGU
fiscal monitoring and performance
■ Capacitate LGUs to enhance revenue evaluation through standardized
collection. The LGUs need to maximize reporting tools and metrics; (d)
their fiscal autonomy or the revenue- establishing the idle land inventory and
raising powers granted to them by the imposing the idle land tax in all LGUs;
LGC of 1991. The dependence on IRA (e) enjoining the LGUs to comply with
is a result of the absence of a tax base for LGC requirements concerning local
local revenue generation in most LGUs. revenue base; (f) investing in income
Among the potential measures are (a) generating projects; and (g) revisiting

the Local Investment and Incentives government will ensure that the
Codes (LIICs) of LGUs to assess inflation environment remains stable
and enhance competitiveness and consistent with the evolving
of their investment climates. domestic price dynamics and
sustained economic growth objectives.
■ Encourage the private sector to engage
in public-private partnership (PPP) Financial Policy
schemes. This will free up the fiscal
space so that government resources ■ Strengthen the effectiveness of
can be used for other public goods and financial inclusion. Initiatives will
services. LGUs are authorized to enter focus on the efficient delivery of
into joint-venture agreements with the microfinancing and micro-insurance
private sector in the implementation products and services for Filipinos
of local development initiatives. including those who are living abroad.
These initiatives will include various
■ Promote OFs investments. Pre- economic and financial literacy
departure and pre-migration orientation activities that will be undertaken
seminars can be useful tools to instill to encourage their participation in
the proper investment spirit among economic governance and harness the
OFs and their families. More in-depth investment potential of OF remittances
financial literacy and entrepreneurship towards innovative financial
initiatives will be undertaken by the instruments such as personal equity
government (agencies and LGUs) to and retirement funds or insurance
encourage OFs and their families to save products. These will be complemented
and invest. Putting up of rural and agri- by the creation of mechanisms that
based enterprises will be encouraged will cater to their financial needs.
in the region for returning OFs.
■ Promote efficiency and innovation in
■ Support the amendments to the microfinance. Microfinance services
Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) Law. such as credit access of MSMEs and
There is a need to update the BOT Law farmers and fisherfolk cooperatives
to address the various issues at each will be broadened. For microcredit to
stage of the project cycle, from entry reach its full potential, credit bureaus,
level to project implementation and and movable collateral registries
completion. Specifically, this action will be developed and strengthened.
aims to improve the process of project
appraisal, contract management, and
management of contingent liabilities. Subsector Outcome 3: Strategic external
trade policy regime
Subsector Outcome 2: Resilient and
inclusive monetary and financial sectors The government will focus on supporting
and promoting products where the
Monetary Policy region and the country have comparative
advantage and the potential for competitive
■ Maintain flexible inflation. The advantage. The region will support the

external trade policy, particularly on the the long-term, will be maximized.
backward and forward linkages to both
the domestic and international markets, ■ Increase the competitiveness of Bicol
spur the production of higher value- exports. Reforms will be introduced to
added goods and services, diversify minimize the cost of production and
products and markets, and provide delivery of goods and services. Efforts
opportunities for growth of enterprises. to ease the cost of doing business will
continue, and Bicol exporters will be
■ Expand market access and diversify encouraged to continue improving their
export products and markets. products through product development
Advocacy and capacity-building and packaging, among others.
programs to encourage businesses,
especially MSMEs, to maximize ■ Encourage and support innovation
export opportunities and increase in the region’s export-oriented
utilization of preferential trading industries through investments.
agreements will be continued. Support Innovation enhances the capacity
programs will also be put in place to of exporters to catch up with higher
enable MSME exporters to graduate levels of technology, meet international
to higher levels. Comprehensive quality standards and product
support packages (e.g., SSF) will be specifications, boost productivity, and
provided to priority sectors with facilitate the production of higher
comparative advantage. Microfinance value-added products. Focus areas
will be provided at low interest rates will include: (a) R&D for agricultural
to community-based organizations. products and services with high
demand in the world market, and (b)
■ Intensify marketing and promotion of quality packaging materials that use
Bicol goods and services. Promotion locally-sourced materials. Further,
of Bicol high-quality goods and services linking various stakeholders including
will be intensified to increase their industries, universities, government
presence in the international market. agencies, LGUs, startups, MSMEs,
Promotion and marketing activities R&D laboratories, S&T parks, and
will include participation in domestic investors to support innovation
and international trade fairs, sustained performance will be strengthened
brand awareness campaign programs, through the regional inclusive
building partnerships to feature Bicol, innovation centers. (Refer to Chapter 14)
Philippine-made products, use of
social media platforms, among others. ■ Develop human resources and
Digital commerce must be utilized improve institutional structures. To
by MSMEs to link them to markets. be able to diversify services exports,
continued training for skills needed
■ Explore new markets for Bicol for higher value services will be
exports. Opportunities in the ASEAN prioritized. The region will focus on
region and linkages with emerging the improvement of its tourism-related
markets that are expected to grow over services. (Refer to Chapters 9 and 10)

■ Enhance resiliency against climate of goods and services domestically
change. Policies to ensure business and internationally, and lower the cost
continuity and mitigate risks to of production and delivery. Both the
businesses or enterprises during disasters transport and logistics network plan
will be developed. (Refer to Chapter 20) and ICT plan will be formulated to
complement the efforts to link the sectors
■ Provide adequate infrastructure and with more markets to improve their
logistical support. This aims to achieve competitiveness. (Refer to Chapter 19)
connectivity and ensure efficient flow
Legislative Agenda
The following policy actions will be supported by the Bicol RDP 2017-2022
Midterm Update to strengthen the effectiveness of identified strategies:
Table 15.1 Legislative Agenda to Ensure a Sound Macroeconomic Policy
Comprehensive Tax Reform Program, The Corporate Income Tax and Incentives Rationalization seeks to make the
Package 2 (HB 4157) corporate tax system simple, fairer, and more transparent. Lower the corporate
income tax rate from 30 percent to 20 percent for a large majority of businesses
and reorient fiscal incentives.
Comprehensive Tax Reform Program, The Sin Taxes for Universal Health Care will increase the tax rates on alcohol,
Package 2+ tobacco products and e-cigarette products to provide additional fund for
universal health care. It will discourage consumption and result to better health
and social outcomes.
Comprehensive Tax Reform Program, Property valuation and taxes aims to introduce vital reforms to promote the
Package 3 (HB 8453) development of a just, equitable, and efficient real property valuation system.
This will broaden the tax base used for property and property-related taxes of
the national and local governments, thereby increasing government revenues
without increasing the existing tax rates or devising new tax impositions. A
single real property valuation system will be established.
Comprehensive Tax Reform Program, Passive Income and Financial Intermediary Taxation Act aims to reform capital
Package 4 (HB 8645) income and financial services taxation by making taxation simpler, fairer, and
more efficient. The number of combinations of tax bases and rates will be
reduced from 80 to 36, harmonize tax rates on interest, dividends and capital
gains, and business taxes imposed on financial intermediaries, rationalize
the Documentary Stamp Tax on financial transactions. The reform will attract
capital and investments, create more and better jobs, and boost the economic
growth.
Amendments to the BOT Law Aims to improve the process of project appraisal, contract management, and
management of contingent liabilities.
Amendments to the Public Service Act Provide a mechanism for rate fixing that allows a reasonable rate of return to
attract investments into public utilities, update applicable penalties and fees,
and strengthen enforcement remedies of administrative agencies.

16
Leveling the
Playing Field
Chapter 16
Leveling the Playing Field

In this age of globalization, there is a greater need to foster fair market
competition in diverse sectors to boost economic growth. Although the
Philippines is among the last ASEAN countries to adopt a competition law,
it embraced the best practices learned from other countries that are most
appropriate in the Philippine business setting. Creating a level playing field
will make the Philippines more inviting as an investment choice. Market
competition provides an environment with various buyers and sellers, pushes
lower prices of goods and services, and provides customers with several choices.
This chapter provides the strategies in promoting a robust and fair market
competition and leveling the playing field. The PDP and Bicol RDP 2017-2022
Midterm Update support market competition through the implementation
of RA 10667 or the Philippine Competition Act (PCA) which took effect in
August 2015. For the remaining three years of Plan implementation, the
Bicol region, through the RDC, will raise its efforts in supporting the national
government’s strategies and policies to diminish anti-competitive practices,
and reduce barriers to entry and limits to entrepreneurship. More LGUs will be
encouraged to participate in the CMCI to improve their ranking, and raise their
productivity and enhance competitiveness, thus encouraging investments.

Since the NCP is still at the infancy stage, or municipality, the more competitive it is.
there are no data that can provide a
comprehensive assessment; instead, the Improved competitive environment at
CMCI Survey will be used as a proxy the local level sustained. To strengthen the
indicator. The results of the CMCI Survey long-term competitiveness of the country
portrayed the region’s involvement in through policy reforms, implementation
enhancing the country’s competitiveness. of strategic projects, institution building
Cities and municipalities are ranked and performance monitoring, the National
based on an overall competitiveness Competitiveness Council (NCC) was
score which is the sum of scores on four created. Its counterpart in the region
main pillars: (a) economic dynamism; (b) is the Bicol Regional Competitiveness
government efficiency; (c) infrastructure; Committee (RCC) tasked to regularly assess
and (d) resiliency. Scores in each sub- LGUs based on the local competitiveness
indicator are determined by the values and indicators; formulate programs to
completeness of the actual data submitted improve competitiveness; and engage in
by the LGUs. The higher the score of a city investment promotion activities to attract
Chapter 16 Leveling the Playing Field | 191

investors and create new jobs. Building local is released annually. Although the GCI
competitiveness is critical to enhancing modified the set of indicators in 2018
long-term national competitiveness. The and is not directly comparable to the
Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) previous report, the GCI ranking of the
includes the Global Competitiveness Philippines improved in 2018, placing
Index (GCI) which measures the countries 56th out of 140 countries (Table 16.1).
in different areas of competitiveness. It
Table 16.1 2018 Global Competitiveness Index Rankings of ASEAN Member States
BUSINESS DYNAMISM PRODUCT MARKET EFFICIENCY MARKET SIZE
Country Rank Country Rank Country Rank

Singapore 16 Singapore 1 Indonesia 8
Malaysia 19 Malaysia 24 Thailand 18
Brunei D. 68 Thailand 92 Malaysia 23
Viet Nam 101 Indonesia 51 Philippines 32
Philippines 39 Brunei D. 44 Viet Nam 29
Thailand 23 Lao PDR 91 Singapore 27

Indonesia 30 Cambodia 114 Cambodia 88
Lao PDR 134 Viet Nam 102 Lao PDR 100
Cambodia 128 Philippines 60 Brunei D. 115
Source: World Economic Forum, Global Competitiveness Report 2018
To achieve the Bicol RDP’s target of raising recognize the importance of CMCI as a
the number of cities and municipalities in tool to empower them by measuring their
the top 20 of the annual CMCI survey, the current level of competitiveness against
DILG and DTI signed the Joint MC 1, s. 2017 global standards, identify areas for growth
enjoining all provincial governors, cities and and development, and introduce possible
municipal mayors to designate a permanent reforms and initiatives to further boost local
focal person for their respective LGUs who competitiveness. The Bicol region has been
be coordinating the annual CMCI survey. an active participant to the CMCI since
This is to address issues in obtaining it started in 2013, with Daet, Camarines
accurate data from the LGUs regarding Norte and Naga City being recognized.
CMCI indicators. The city/municipality Legazpi City improved its ranking in
CMCI focal person will be in-charge of 2016, joining Naga City in the top three
all matters related to CMCI activities. most competitive component cities in the
country. In 2017, 103 LGUs joined the
The LGUs in the region remain steadfast survey with four cities (Naga, Legazpi,
in improving its performance in the Iriga and Sorsogon) making it to the top
yearly conduct of the CMCI survey 20 in CMCI and in 2018, only 90 LGUs
which is implemented by the Regional participated but with three cities (Legazpi,
Competitiveness Committee through Naga, and Iriga) being acknowledged
the DTI. This indicates that more LGUs in the top 10 as overall competitive.

Measures to enhance competitiveness their DRR-CCA Enhanced Provincial
were formulated. The EODB-EGSD (RA Development and Physical Framework
11032) was signed into law on May 28, Plan (PDPFP). The PDPFP serves as a
2018. The ARTA will handle the RA 11032 key vertical influence in linking provincial
and will serve as the Secretariat to the NCC. development objectives with the local,
The administrative jurisdiction on any regional and national policies and
violations of the provisions of the said RA priorities, and will advocate the importance
is vested in either the CSC, or the Office of of linking planning and investment.
the Ombudsman. This RA also amended
RA 9485 or ARTA 2007. The EODB-EGSD Level of knowledge of stakeholders on
Act aims to encourage competitiveness and the principles of healthy competition
improve the overall business environment increased. As a newly established
as one of the top priorities under the competition authority, the PCC
Ten-Point Socio-Economic Agenda of acknowledges the need to increase the level
President Duterte. It also aims to establish of awareness among the general public,
effective service delivery, prevent graft and especially to the businesses, consumers and
corruption, reduce red tape and expedite even government agencies regarding the
business and non-business transactions Commission, PCA and the principles of
in government. This law will fast-track healthy market competition. The limited
government transactions by streamlining understanding of the fundamentals of
processes and reducing processing time competition and of the PCC’s functions
in all government agencies, including affect the operations of the Commission and
LGUs and GOCCs. Easier and faster is likely to result in the rise of anticompetitive
transactions with the government will conduct, noncompliance with the
further boost local competitiveness. Commission’s rules, and the misinformed
adoption of policies and regulations with
The implementation of the eBPLS created anticompetitive features. Despite this
a positive impact to the performance of challenge, the PCC noted the following
personnel and the LGUs as a whole in improvements in terms of household
terms of transparency, streamlining the awareness: in 2017, awareness of the PCC
business permit and licensing process, and was at 0.5 percent and the PCA at 0.4 percent,
service delivery. In 2018, all first-class while in 2018, awareness of the PCC grew to
municipalities were oriented on eBPLS 4.1 percent, and the PCA at 0.99 percent.
and all cities have implemented the eBPLS.
In the region, the PCC started to advocate
Capability building programs and its objective of mainstreaming a culture
support to LGUs were provided. The of competition in September 2019,
gains of increased competitiveness are through the conduct of campus tour
possible through the leadership and and roadshow. The participants were
committed efforts of LGUs. To capacitate apprised of the Philippine competition
the LGUs, the DTI conducted a series of landscape, benefits of competition, and the
orientation briefings on the proper filling prohibitions of the PCA. The roadshow
out of Local Data Capture Sheets for the provided a forum to increase knowledge of
CMCI focal persons. At the provincial stakeholders, both in the public and private
level, the LGUs are expected to complete sectors, on healthy market competition.

The following are the challenges that must of the e-BPLS are the absence of a
be addressed: Business Permit Licensing Officer in
the LGUs, unavailable and inadequate
■ Boosting LGUs’ participation and data, unreliable internet connection,
ranking in the CMCI. The inadequacy and outdated Local Revenue Code.
of the required data submitted by the
LGUs in the CMCI data collection ■ Expanding awareness on competition.
and validation affected the CMCI Being apprised of the PCA, PCC, and
survey results. More LGUs must competition policies will increase
participate in the CMCI, including public awareness of the benefits of a
its annual roll-out. Improved overall healthy market competition. The PCC
CMCI rankings by province, cities, should prioritize advocacy activities
and municipalities must be achieved. to fully promote a competitive market
while supporting consumer welfare.
■ Implementing eBPLS effectively. Fees There is a need to spur innovation
and charges collected from LGUs for and technological improvements
the implementation of a standardized in the development of globally-
eBPLS must be standardized. Factors competitive and marketable products
that hinder the implementation and services at the local level.
Action Plan
Improving consumer welfare and market resilient society, and a globally competitive
efficiency through the promotion of a knowledge economy. By 2022, the following
healthy market competition will contribute subsector outcomes should have been
to reducing inequality or “Pagbabago” and achieved: (a) LGUs competitiveness
increasing potential growth or “Patuloy na improved; (b) anti-competitive practices
Pag-unlad” towards laying the foundation diminished; (c) barriers to entry reduced;
for inclusive growth, a high trust and and (d) limits to entrepreneurship reduced.
Targets
In the next three years, an increase in the and recognition of LGUs with improved
number of LGUs with BPLS compliant firms overall CMCI rankings by province,
and businesses is envisioned. Similarly, cities and municipalities will be achieved.
an increase in the level of participation

Strategic Framework
Figure 16.1 Strategic Framework to Level the Playing Field, 2017-2022
Strategies
The following strategies will help place to do business in. Training
achieve the subsector outcomes to courses and programs will be provided,
address the challenges presented above: including assessment of LGUs’ resources
and needs. To ensure efficiency in
Subsector Outcome 1: LGUs providing government services, the
competitiveness improved EODB in the locality will be fostered
among LGUs. The permanent focal
■ Strengthen institutional and person in the LGUs in charge of CMCI-
technical capacity of LGUs. It is vital related concerns will be designated
to invest in people, especially in LGU or appointed. A standardized and
employees who work directly for the automated eBPLS will be pursued, and
local community. Through strategic the LGUs are expected to update their
delivery of capability building programs local plans and Local Revenue Code.
towards efficiency and empowerment,
competitive LGUs will attract more ■ Improve LGUs data management
investors and will contribute to and information system. Each LGU
recognizing the country as a preferred will have a unit under the office of the

local chief executive (LCE) that will be and regulations will be reviewed,
responsible for managing the data and knowing how government policy
information at the LGU level. Having itself could impact on competition
an organized database will lead to easier and competition policy objectives.
access to and retrieval of documents In reviewing government policies,
needed by LGUs in preparing methods in enhancing the management
development policies and plans, and of antitrust legislation and improving
other related concerns. The LGUs will the administrative capability of its
ensure the availability of information to enforcement will be considered.
requesting stakeholders, subject to the The Bicol RDC will review and
Data Privacy Act. The CMCI survey, pass resolutions that are essential to
which is based on statistics and data support anti-competitive legislation
collected from LGUs, will be easily and policies that require actions from
generated with a systematized data the executive and legislative branches.
management and information system. The Project Repeal, spearheaded by
the Competitiveness Bureau of DTI
■ Enhance the local investment climate in 2018, will review and remove
of LGUs. One proactive strategy to raise redundant, outdated and burdensome
the bar of competitiveness of LGUs is policies in the government, including
through the intensified local promotion unnecessary laws and issuances
efforts on investments. The Local imposed on businesses and citizens, to
Investments and Incentives Code (LIIC) provide an environment conducive to
will be revisited and strengthened to investments. The Project Repeal will
create a more business-friendly and continue to review existing regulations
competitive environment. Through to stimulate innovation and improve
the LIIC, entrepreneurship will be product quality. To strengthen the
promoted, and possibilities for MSMEs enforcement of the PCA, the conduct
will be created among its residents. The of economic research will be expanded
LGUs will be guided through the LIIC to support findings on anti-competitive
to identify appropriate PAPs in the behaviors and practices. This will
community, based on the investment be complemented by a capability
priority areas, local government building program within the PCC and
investment policies and programs, and other competition-related agencies.
local incentives available to domestic
and foreign investors. Improving the ■ Analyze competition issues in the
competencies in trade and investment region’s priority sectors. Issues
promotion will contribute to constraining market competition among
developing a more competitive region. various stakeholders will be clarified,
and the framework will be formulated
Subsector Outcome 2: Anti- for a workable competition policy
competitiveness practices diminished for the country that is also applicable
to the region. In addressing market
■ Provide inputs in the review of competition issues, the government
anti-competitive legislation and will prioritize sectors where the largest
policies. Major government policies impact on consumer welfare and market

efficiency is expected. Specific sectors programs of the different agencies.
will be identified at the regional and
local levels. In selecting priority Subsector Outcome 4: Limits to
sectors, the government will consider entrepreneurship reduced
improvement in the variety and quality
of goods and services that are essential ■ Institutionalize a mechanism
to poverty reduction, generation for implementing the NCP. The
of new livelihood and employment government will uphold the principle
opportunities, spillover effects on of competitive neutrality and adopt
other sectors in the economy, and policies that establish a level playing
indications of lack of competition. field where GOCCs and firms compete.
The NCP will provide guidelines for
Subsector Outcome 3: Barriers to entry government agencies that issue rules and
reduced regulations that hamper competition.
■ Support the PCC in the conduct of The NCP will be implemented and issued
investigation and agreements that as an EO to direct all NGAs, offices and
may substantially prevent, restrict or instrumentalities, GOCCs, and LGUs
lessen competition. The enforcement of to adopt the three pillars or elements
the PCA will minimize potentially anti- of competition: (a) pro-competition
competition behavior while maintaining regulations, policies, and government
an environment where businesses interventions; (b) competitive
can compete on a level playing field. neutrality and non-distortive public aid
support; and (c) effective competition
The impact of firms’ actions on market law and anti-trust enforcement. With
efficiency, competition, and consumer the issuance of the NCP, effective
welfare will be quantified. This enforcement will be ensured as it will
information will be useful to the public be the crucial factor for its success.
and to policymakers in understanding
the seriousness of the competition ■ Expand the understanding and
problems in certain sectors and of awareness of market competition, the
the benefits that can be derived from PCA and the PCC. Effective advocacy
inhibiting anti-competitive practices. will be strengthened to facilitate and
implement the required reforms in
■ Promote competition-related policies government policy specifically on
and best practices. The promotion of market competition, the PCA, and
market competition is a cross-cutting the PCC. The development of trust
concern that affects all consumers and confidence in the PCC as the
and producers regardless of size. primary competition authority, and
Activities will be conducted to build the issuance of both existing and new
awareness of competition-related competition-related laws, are essential
policies and best practices and help to gaining support from society to
consumers better comprehend the advocating its objectives. Transparency
terms of services offered by firms. and adherence to due process will be
This could be part of the advocacy established to build the needed trust

from the various stakeholders. Inter- economics, competition, and market
agency collaboration on competition regulation. Both the undergraduate
advocacy will also be heightened. and graduate programs must be
reconfigured to better prepare
■ Enhance the existing curriculum existing and future workforce for the
on economics and related degrees competition agencies. This will also
to include competition and market advocate market competition and
regulation. The government will will help expand awareness of PCA as
improve the existing curriculum on one of the goals of the government.
Targets
Table 16.2 Legislative Agenda to Level the Playing Field through a National
Competition Policy
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE

Amended Public Service Act The proposed amendment will result in a more competitive economy by
reducing or lifting equity restrictions in several service industries and
encourage the participation of foreign investors. An increase in foreign direct
investment (FDI) will contribute to creating business opportunities, generating
employment, boosting economic growth, bringing better pricing, improving the
quality of public services, and protecting the public interest.
Regulatory Management System Act The government will push for the passage of a new law on regulatory
management system to establish a more competitive and coherent regulatory
environment. A central body will be created to ensure that there is an evidence-
based approach to formulating laws, rules, and regulations.

17 Attaining Just and
Lasting Peace
Chapter 17
Attaining Just and Lasting

Peace
Just and lasting peace as the core foundation for sustainable development, is at the
forefront of the government’s determined pursuit of inclusive economic growth.
Intensified and sustainable peace-building initiatives and development efforts were
implemented, as underscored in the peace and development roadmap comprising
of the six-point peace and development agenda of the current administration.
This chapter provides the strategies in advancing the peace process in the
country that will be pursued through negotiation and implementation of local
peace agreements, and the protection and development of the GFAs. Just and
lasting peace will be realized through the Whole-of-Nation approach in the
efficient and timely delivery of basic services, local peace engagements, security,
and ensured protection of rebel returnees, and other peace building efforts.

The top security concern in the region are The President reopened the doors for
the Communist Terrorist Groups (CTGs), the peace talks. Reopening of peace
as these unceasingly perpetrate atrocities talks by President Duterte with the CPP-
and terror acts that compromised regional NPA-National Democratic Front of the
peace and security. Continued attacks and Philippines (NDF) was initially a welcome
intensified extortion activities by the CTGs development for the Bicol region. The
negatively affected the sustained economic interim ceasefire has lowered the level of
development of the region. The recorded violence of NPA rebels. However, it also
violent incidents are mostly harassments, paved the way for the insurgents to take
arson, ambushes, ransacking, liquidation, advantage of the opportunity to re-infiltrate
and grenade throwing. The NPAs were CAA-CVAs. Hostilities such as extortions
reported to be leading mass protest rallies, from construction companies implementing
sponsoring and exploiting issues such as the government projects, politicians, and
Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion business establishments were reported
(TRAIN) law, jeepney modernization, and as the sources of financing that support
the declaration under Proclamation No. 374 the CTGs’ operations. In response, the
that Communist Party of the Philippines- Philippine Army (PA) formulated guidelines
New People’s Army (CPP-NPA) are terrorist in providing security to all flagship
organizations, all aimed at continuously projects of the government and private
discrediting the administration. sectors. Among the issues being exploited
Chapter 17 Attaining Just and Lasting Peace | 203

by the CTG are the lack of access In 2018, a substantial reduction in CTG-
to basic facilities and services, initiated violent incidents was recorded in the
and employment opportunities. early part of the year, but these have notably
intensified due to the local elections. Radical
At the national level, the issuance of activities in varying degrees happened in
Proclamation No. 360, s. 2017, terminated about 270 CAA-CVAs in the region. The
the peace negotiations with the CPP-NPA- extensive security, patrols, and checkpoints
NDF (CNN) wherein all peace talks and preempted the CTGs from launching
meetings were cancelled. Instead, the tactical offensives, nuisance harassments,
government undertook strategic localized extortion and expansion activities.
peace talks and negotiations to apprehend Threatened barangays, usually adjacent to
and completely eradicate acts of violence and or used to be GIDAs, are also included in
hostilities on the ground initiated by CTGs. the conduct of planned tactical operations.
On terrorism, the Bicol region is less National peace and development issuances
vulnerable to terror attacks involving the are implemented. Peace-related laws have
Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) and other terrorist been enacted in pursuit of the country’s
groups. However, the possibility of being peace and development agenda. The
included as target cannot be discounted due National Security Policy (NSP) 2017-2022
to its proximity to other vulnerable regions provided for the comprehensive guide
in the Visayas, Mindanao, and in Metro and approach in addressing the challenges
Manila, even serving as gateway for these surrounding peace and order and general
areas. Moreover, the increasing number of welfare of the people. The NSP is translated
local and foreign investors in Bicol, being into the National Security Strategy (NSS)
one of the top tourist destinations, and the under EO 16, s. 2017 that promotes
increasing number of Muslim communities participatory governance, synergy of
make the region prone to atrocities. development efforts of the government
agencies, and participation of the LGUs.
Tactical operations were conducted. The
AFP activated the Joint Task Force (JTF) Underpinning the national plan to End
Bicolandia in June 2018 and conducted Local Communist Armed Conflict (ELCAC)
carefully planned combat operations to is the issuance of EO 70 on December 4,
counter terrorism and insurgency in the 2018, which institutionalizes the Whole-
region. Tactical engagements resulted in of-Nation approach in attaining inclusive
the neutralization of CTG personalities and sustainable peace, and mandates the
who were either killed, captured or creation of the National Task Force (NTF)-
arrested, and the recovery of high and low- ELCAC and adoption of a national peace
powered firearms, other war materials, framework. The Whole-of-Nation approach
and enemy documents. Successful will facilitate societal inclusivity, synergy
military campaigns, stronger ties with the of government development efforts, and
communities, support from partners and participation of all sectors of society. The
sustained training programs for the militia EO 70 aims to address the grass root causes
troops were among the other positive of insurgencies, internal disturbances and
results of the relentless efforts of the JTF. tensions, and other armed conflicts and

threats by prioritizing the delivery of basic However, delays in the implementation
services and social development packages of PAMANA programs in 2018 due to
for the CAAs. The RTF ELCAC has been inclement weather and NPA extortions
fully functional since its creation in 2019. It caused its programs to be unfunded in 2019.
was jointly organized by the RDC and the
Regional Peace and Order Council (RPOC). Further, through the PAMANA, the
capacity of NGAs, communities and
Payapa at Masaganang Pamayanan LGUs in espousing good governance was
(PAMANA) program was implemented. enhanced, as manifested by the improved
The government has expanded its peace sense of cooperation and volunteerism of
and development efforts to address the marginalized and vulnerable groups,
issues of injustice and enhance access to by actively participating in community
socioeconomic resources and opportunities. services, and overall building of peaceful
The PAMANA program administered by environment for regional development.
the Office of the Presidential Adviser on the
Peace Process (OPAPP), aims to empower Civil-Military operations were expanded.
communities to be more resilient and The AFP conducted several civil-military
cohesive to resist violence and participate operations (CMO) in collaboration with
in peace-building and area development line agencies, LGUs and NGOs. The
efforts. The PAMANA projects comprised AFP initiated and led an inter-agency
of roads/bridges repair/construction, agri- coordination and engagement called the
productivity, agri-fishery, livelihood, and Tsokolate at Pandesal (TAP) in 2017. It
water system projects. The constructed serves as venue for government agencies,
roads enhanced access to basic facilities the private sector, and other stakeholders
and services such as health and education, to regularly discuss, engage, and address
which significantly lowered transaction issues affecting peace and development.
costs, brought down prices of essential The CMO activities include peace and
goods, and spurred economic activities. security awareness fora, lectures, radio
programs; participation in peace and order
Under the PAMANA program, area-based council meetings; civic action programs
assessment and planning, and capacity such as medical missions, relief operations,
building for NGAs and LGUs in adopting community outreach; support to
conflict-sensitive and peace-promoting environmental protection programs such as
(CSPP) approaches were promoted. tree planting, anti-illegal logging, and anti-
Relatively, PAMANA complemented the illegal drugs; and clean up drives. Moreover,
expanded peace and development efforts the armed forces led the peacekeeping
of the government to counter and address operations on Humanitarian Assistance
issues of improving access to socioeconomic and Disaster Response operation in support
interventions and contributed to the overall to the Regional Disaster Risk Reduction
modest improvement of peace and security and Management Council (RDRRMC)
situation in the region. Responding to and other agencies in preventing the
emergencies and other security incidents loss of lives, damage to properties, and
became easier for security forces, and to mitigate the effects of natural and
generally improved the security conditions. human-made disasters in the Bicol region.

Peace and development institutions ■ Sustaining the implementation of
and mechanisms strengthened. The peace keeping tactical efforts and
concerted efforts of all stakeholders operations. The Philippine armed forces
corresponded to a comprehensive, must continue to innovate its forces
integrated and holistic peace process to win against all battles and threats
approach to end internal armed conflict. and uphold its mission of serving and
defending the people and securing the
The Expanded Comprehensive Local land. It requires further strengthening
Integration Program (E-CLIP), a DILG- of technical support in terms of human
administered package, extended assistance resource and modernized equipment to
to former rebels (FRs) in the region combat offensive CTGs. Armed conflict
from time of surrender until they are is recognized as not only a military
reintegrated into society and civilian life and security concern, but as symptoms
in terms of financial and psycho-social of a broader socioeconomic problem
intervention. The FRs were capacitated and involving poverty, social inequality, and
provided with skills development training, lack of inclusivity. The issues on the lack
health, housing and legal assistance. As of access to basic facilities and services,
support to the E-CLIP, the first halfway and employment opportunities of
house in the region was established in the communities in CAA must be addressed.
province of Masbate in 2018 which serves
as “holding area/facility” for FRs while ■ Strengthening cooperation with
they are being processed for integration. various stakeholders. The convergence
of stakeholders to restore public trust
The Regional Anti-Terrorism Program and confidence and support to the
(RATP) was launched by the AFP. It is an anti- government must be complemented by
terrorism defense system with collaborative increased engagement of the people in
efforts from all stakeholders in monitoring the peace and development processes,
and safeguarding the region from the threats and strengthened collaboration
of terrorism, illegal drugs, human trafficking, and alliance between and among
smuggling, and other forms of criminality. LGUs and the local communities
to enable the region to overcome
Among the major challenges faced by the major challenges to peace-building.
sector are:
Action Plan
Ensuring peace and security is one of The EO 70, s. 2018 anchored on the
the crucial foundations that support the Ambisyon Natin 2040, PDP 2017-2022,
three pillars of the PDP/RDP: Malasakit, and NSP, will institutionalize the whole-
Pagbabago and Patuloy na Pag-unlad. The of-nation approach in attaining sustainable
government aims to achieve a cohesive, and inclusive peace. To ensure that just and
secure, and progressive nation by attaining lasting peace is attained, the government
just and lasting peace, and ensuring will negotiate and implement local peace
durable security, public order and safety. agreements, and ensure that the communities
in GFAs are protected and developed.

Targets
In pursuit of ELCAC, the number of of barangays in CAA-CVAs with improved
barangays affected by internal armed access to social services will increase.
conflict will be reduced, and the number
Strategic Framework
Figure 17.1 Strategic Framework to Attain Just and Lasting Peace, 2017-2022
Strategies
Subsector Outcome 1. Peace agreements advance the peace process in the
with all internal armed conflict groups country to end all armed conflicts.
successfully negotiated and implemented
Initiating localized peace engagements,
■ Accelerate negotiation and recognized as an appropriate strategy
implementation of local peace accords towards attaining peace and security at
with internal armed conflict groups. the grassroots level, will be effectively
Accelerate signing and implementation undertaken to include community
of local peace accords with the CPP- problem solving sessions, and local peace
NPA-NDF. The national government dialogues with local insurgent groups.
will continue to exert efforts to

Subsector Outcome 2. Communities in negative impact of violent conflicts
GIDAs are empowered, protected and to communities will be mitigated
developed if not prevented, by supporting
structures and mechanisms of the
■ Delivery of peace-promoting and government that will help them
catch-up socioeconomic development avert the emergence of conflicts and
interventions. EO 70 recognizes prevent the escalation of existing ones.
armed conflict not only as a military
and security concern, but rather as Localized peace talks will be pursued to
symptoms of broader socio-economic establish formal and informal avenues
problems like poverty, social inequality, for continuing dialogue and broad-
and lack of inclusivity. The Whole-of- based participation of all stakeholders
Nation approach under EO 70, directs in local peace and order bodies, such as
the prioritization and harmonization the barangay peace and order councils,
in the delivery of basic services and LDCs and Katarungan Pambarangay.
social development packages by Community participation will be
the government, facilitate societal encouraged to empower and increase
inclusivity, and ensure participation their capacities to reduce vulnerabilities.
of all sectors of society to ultimately
make the communities in GFAs The CSPP principles will be advocated
empowered, protected and developed. for mainstreaming and application in
the various aspects of development
The government development initiatives planning and in peace-building PAPs.
for conflict affected communities
will be integrated and sustained to The culture of peace will be promoted,
address the needs of stakeholders. and the mainstreaming of peace
The delivery of basic services to education programs will be pursued. The
conflict afflicted communities mandatory recruitment of students and
aims to eradicate the grounds for youth to the Reserve Officers’ Training
the propagation of CTG forces. Corps (ROTC) to promote nationalism
and awareness on radicalism, idealism
To support the implementation of EO as well as disclosure of the true nature
70, the RDC Region 5 initiated the and intent of the CNN, will be pursued.
passage of Resolution No. 37 series of
2019, approving the regional strategic A culture- and gender-sensitive
framework for convergence which approach to human rights promotion
includes the provision of a peace and development will be promoted.
and development fund equivalent to This will be undertaken along with the
two percent of the total agency and protection of women’s rights in conflict
LGU budget to finance programs, situations. The National Action Plan on
activities, and projects in the CAAs. Women Peace and Security (NAP-WPS)
will continue to be implemented, and
■ Empower communities by increasing the role of women in the peace process
their capacity to address conflicts will be expanded. The protection of
and reduce their vulnerabilities. The rights and the promotion of interests

of vulnerable groups, e.g. women, IPs, PWDs, and former combatants.
children, elderly, IPs, PWDs, Internally
Displaced Persons (IDPs), and FRs, ■ Ensuring government rationalization,
will be prioritized in armed conflict coordination and monitoring of the
situations. The DRRM and building delivery of socioeconomic interventions
resilience will be integrated in the in geographic focus areas. Government
peace-building process. Rights-based will be more responsive to peace, conflict,
approach to planning, and the systems and security issues. A government-
and tools for conflict monitoring will led coordination, collaboration, and
be appropriately established as well. complementation mechanism will
be established among stakeholders
The reintegration of FRs will be in the implementation of all peace
addressed by focusing not only on their building and development initiatives.
reconnection to be mainstreamed to
society but also their total healing and A comprehensive, integrated and
reconciliation with their communities. holistic peace process approach will
be pursued to conclusively address
■ Make government more responsive to the root causes of internal armed
peace, conflict and security issues. The conflicts. Convergence efforts of
government’s peace and development governmententities, LGUs, and other
institutions and mechanisms will be stakeholders will be undertaken for
strengthened to make them more the effective and sustainable delivery
pro-active towards peace, conflict and of basic services to GFAs as provided
security related concerns. Conflict for under EO 70. The RTF ELCAC will
sensitivity and peace promotion adopt the nine clusters or line of efforts
approaches and principles in the work namely: (a) Situational Awareness and
of NGAs, LGUs and other government Knowledge Management; (b) Local
bodies or mechanisms such as the peace Government Empowerment; (c) Legal
and order councils, LDCs, and DRRM Cooperation; (d) Localized Peace
councils will be mainstreamed. The Engagement, E-CLIP & Amnesty;
continued implementation of NAP- (e) Basic Services; (f) Poverty
WPS will ensure the protection of Reduction, Livelihood & Employment;
women’s rights in conflict situations and (g) Infrastructure & Resource
expand their role in the peace process. Management; (h) Peace Enforcement
and Development Support; and (i)
Efforts will be undertaken to address Sectoral Unification, Capacity Building,
humanitarian concerns resulting Empowerment and Mobilization.
from internal armed conflict, through The creation of task forces at the
peace related programs and initiatives, sub-regional levels will be localized
and will be harmonized to include to provide an efficient mechanism
protection of rights and promotion and structure in the implementation
of interests of vulnerable groups, of the Whole-of-Nation approach.
such as women, children, elderly,

Legislative Agenda
For the remaining Plan period, the administration will work towards the passage,
enactment, and implementation of legislations to facilitate achievement of the target
outcomes to sustain a peaceful environment that is conducive to development.
Table 17.1. Legislative Agenda to Attain Just and Lasting Peace

Enactment/full implementation of EO 70 Full implementation of strategies identified in EO 70 towards advancing the
series 2018, institutionalizing the Whole- peace process in the country, specifically the mechanism for the streamlined
of-Nation approach in attaining inclusive coordination of departments and agencies for the delivery of basic
and sustainable peace, and mandates the government socioeconomic services to geographically focused areas, and
creation of the National Task Force (NTF) facilitate localized peace negotiations and engagements to end communist
to end local communist armed conflict armed conflicts. Convergence/Collaboration of stakeholders to peace and
(ELCAC), and adoption of a national peace development processes to address concerns of internal armed conflicts will be
framework. the main focus of the policy.
Protection of women and children in Women empowerment through increased participation in peace processes,
situations of armed conflict addressing sexual violence against women in armed conflict situations, and
setting up of an effective mechanism to monitor, report and immediately respond
to grave child rights violations in conflict situations, such as recruitment and
use of minors, abduction, and denial of humanitarian assistance, sexual abuse,
and attacks on schools to address the existing issues of vulnerable groups in
armed conflict, particularly women and children.
Human rights and human security of Reform of the security sector entails mainstreaming people-centered approach
persons in conflict affected areas fulfilled to human security, and developing policies to institutionalize democratic
and protected control of the armed forces over the conflict affected areas.
Rationalization of national land use policies Settlement of land disputes to address internal armed conflict as it is also
largely rooted in long-standing disputes over land and resources.

18
Ensuring Security,
Public Order and
Safety
Chapter 18
Ensuring Security, Public Order

and Safety
Committed and persistent policing services and delivery of community-
focused initiatives were carried out to ensure peace and security in the region
and the country as a whole. Development programs were initiated that steered
the consciousness of the communities and other stakeholders to peace and
development. Despite the presence of insurgency and other security threats,
local economic and social activities have been generally peaceful, with the stable
peace and order and security situation all over the region. Crimes have been
reduced, notwithstanding the issues on human rights violations and extrajudicial
killings. Crime reduction resulted in the decrease of jail congestion rate.
National directives and programs for peace and development were proactively
supported by the region with the active engagement of various stakeholders.
For the remaining years of Plan implementation, regional efforts on peace

and development will be aggressively pursued to ensure sustained security,
public order and safety. A convergence approach will be undertaken with
the strong engagement of communities to ensure that interventions
will be sustainable, and that these will contribute to attaining inclusive
growth, a high-trust society, and a globally competitive economy.

The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 aims to make Of the total crimes, 5,000 are index crimes
the region a safer place for all. Several or crimes against persons, which is lower
PAPs were implemented by both the by 32 percent from that of 2017 figures. The
government and the private sectors in directive of President Duterte to implement
collaboration with the local communities local ordinances and laws against “tambays,”
to contribute to the subsector outcomes Motorcycle-Riding Cops against Criminals,
of ensuring security and public safety and “Pulis sa Barangay” greatly contributed
and reducing all forms of criminality. to the enormous reduction in crime
volume. The regular conduct of training
Security and public safety sustained. courses on criminal investigation among
Crime volume was reduced by 21 percent PNP personnel facilitated the increase
from 38,043 in 2017 to 25,435 crimes in crime solution efficiency rate by four
recorded in 2018 exceeding the target of percent, although this is short of the the five
37,000 for 2018 from the 38,000 in 2016. percent annual increase in crime solution
Chapter 18 Ensuring Security, Public Order and Safety | 213

efficiency rate target. Online reporting functionality of the BINs was hindered
systems also helped in the monitoring by the security problem encountered by
of crimes and other illegal activities. the PNP’s authorized assets in CAAs.
The campaign against criminals and As part of the strategies in strengthening

illegal activities intensified, resulting to peace and order, and improving the
the arrest of 413 most wanted persons, capability of fire protection services and
and 21 criminal gangs. Although the jail management, additional police, fire
campaign against illegal gambling, illegal station and jail buildings were constructed
logging, illegal fishing, and illegal drugs with complete and enhanced facilities
slowed down due to the implementation to cater to the needs of the beneficiaries.
of laws against “tambays,” records showed
that there were 1,031 persons charged for Police presence and visibility in the
illegal gambling, and 1,186 persons were community were strengthened by
arrested for violation of anti-illegal drugs establishing PNP stations in cities and
law wherein 1,150 are pushers and 36 are municipalities. The increased quota
users. Continuous operations under Oplan allocation for PNP recruitment in the region
Bakal Sita and Oplan Katok resulted to 557 has improved the police to population ratio
loose firearms recovered, confiscated, or to 1:643, exceeding the target of 1:730
surrendered. The sustained implementation for 2018. As of 2018, of the 114 cities and
of Target Output Policy of the PNP resulted municipalities in the region, 97 LGUs have
to the conduct of 27,866 dialogues, pulong- standard police stations in compliance
pulong, symposia, and visits to barangays and with the national directive. The remaining
lectures on crime prevention, public safety, 17 LGUs were not able to comply due to
illegal drugs, and information gathering the absence of lot for the construction
in schools. The authorities aim to double of the police stations. To address this
the effort in conducting crime prevention concern, the RDC passed Resolution No.
activities by intensifying police operations 13, s. 2019 in the first quarter of 2019,
through the effective collaboration enjoining these 17 LGUs to donate lots
between the LGUs and local communities. for the standard PNP police stations.
Police presence and visibility in all areas Fire protection services improved. Of the
of the region was intensified to sustain 114 cities and municipalities in the region,
public order. Policing the barangays was 98 or 86 percent have fire stations. However,
intensified with the help of the community four of them have no firetrucks and these
through the Barangay Information Networks are the municipalities of Garchitorena and
(BINs) and Barangay Peacekeeping Action Siruma in Camarines Sur, Casiguran in
Teams (BPATs). In 2018, there were 2,952 Sorsogon, and San Miguel in Catanduanes.
functional BINs in the region from 2,363 in The fireman to population ratio has improved
2017, and functional BPATs increased from from 1: 1,378 in 2017 to 1: 3,144 in 2019.
3,318 in 2017 to 3,333 in 2018. The BINs
assist in the operation of the PNP, while the Public safety was ensured by protecting
BPATs serve as the primary operators in the communities from destructive fires
conduct of Community-Oriented Policing and other emergencies through regular
and Public Safety System. However, the inspection of establishments by the Bureau

of Fire Protection (BFP). In 2018, a total of Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA). As a
68,203 buildings and establishments were result, 2,455 of the total 3,471 barangays
inspected regionwide. Awareness campaign remained drug-affected (as of August 2019),
programs were conducted to include the of which only 358 have been cleared, and
Handang Pamayanan, Bayanihan, Kaagapay, only five municipalities in Sorsogon have
and Lingap to disseminate information and been declared drug free. The province of
educate local communities on fire safety. Catanduanes maintained the 100 percent
functionality of the organized Provincial/
Jail congestion remains high. As of Municipal ADAC (PMADAC) since 2017.
September 2019, jail personnel to inmate Capacity development interventions and
ratio reached 1:24 which is far from the orientation on the guidelines on local
ideal ratio of 1:7. Average jail congestion ADAC functionality and performance
rate went down from 370 percent in 2016 to audit were provided regionwide. The
299 percent in the first quarter of 2019. To ADACs ensure that all programs
support the jail decongestion effort, the City on drug prevention and control are
of Legazpi used its local funds to construct implemented down to the barangay level.
a new building within the Legazpi City Jail
premises. In collaboration with different Protection of human rights and
agencies and organizations, various promotion of gender equality ensured.
interventions were provided to the PDLs like The number of cases on VAWC received
livelihood training, ALS, and psychosocial, by the PNP decreased by 27.70 percent
religious and behavior management. from 3,118 in 2017 to 2,348 cases
However, PDLs are still finding it difficult in 2018. This is due to the increased
to reintegrate with the community due to community awareness activities, conduct
the stigma attached to their being offenders. of community-oriented and human-rights
based policing, and other interventions
Laws and ordinances enforced through provided by several stakeholders. Seven
collaboration between the LGUs and cases of human trafficking were noted
the local communities. In 2018, about in 2018, down from 12 cases in 2017.
91 percent of the LGUs had approved
Local Anti-Criminality Action Plans To provide a venue for issues and concerns
(LACAPs) but not all approved plans on human rights violation including VAWC
were implemented due to lack of support cases, Human Rights Desks were established
from LCEs particularly in the allocation at the PNP regional headquarters and in
of funds. The LGUs were provided with the provincial, city, and municipal police
technical assistance in updating the Peace stations. In Catanduanes, 12 VAWC desks
and Order and Public Safety (POPS) Plan, were established and are managed by PNP
a three-year plan to promote peace and officers, resulting to an increase in recorded
order and public safety. The compliance of VAWC cases from 316 in 2017 to 516. Some
the LGUs is being monitored by the DILG. of the factors that contributed to the high
cases of VAWC include the lack of parenting
In 2018, all barangays in the region had preparation for young couples, lack of
their organized Barangay Anti-Drug interventions on family development, and
Abuse Council (BADAC), but only few lack of rehabilitation facilities, especially
are functional according to Philippine for CICL. On the other hand, programs

to address poverty helped in lowering the of Plan implementation. These should
cases of violence, as poverty is one of the be provided to complement the
factors that breed violence among families. infrastructure facilities of the security
agencies as part of the preparedness
Among the challenges under the sector are: measures in case of disasters and
emergencies. However, the need to
■ Sustaining a peaceful and secure secure lot donations from LGUs remains
environment. Sustaining public order, a challenge for the construction of police
and promoting a safe and secure stations, fire stations and jail buildings.
environment are major challenges Moreover, the absence of a permanent
under the security sector. The perennial or designated staff in LGUs to regularly
problem on drugs and other forms of update the data on the POPS Policy
criminality, and the continued clash Compliance Monitoring System hinders
between government and rebel forces the effective implementation of the
showed that the threat remains, thereby POPS Plan. Further, the functionality
calling for strengthened cooperation of VAWC and Human Rights Desks
among various stakeholders. entails the need to increase the number
of trained personnel to handle the
■ Increasing capacity of security-related filed cases. Its success is only possible
agencies. The lack of emergency and with the support of the stakeholders,
rescue vehicles, medical equipment, and the effort of the government, both
and personnel, and compliance to the national and local, in mainstreaming
fire code are among the major concerns GAD concepts in all plans and PAPs.
of the sector for the remaining years
Action Plan
Ensuring security, public order and safety growth, a high-trust and resilient society, and
will contribute to enhancing the social a globally competitive economy. At the end
fabric or “Malasakit”; reducing inequality of the plan period, the following subsector
or “Pagbabago”; and increasing growth outcomes should have been achieved: (a)
potential or “Patuloy na Pag-unlad” towards security and public safety ensured, and (b) all
laying down the foundation for inclusive forms of criminality significantly reduced.
Targets
The region will sustain peace and based organizations. Crime volume will be
order to enable the stream of social reduced by at least five percent annually,
and economic activities. The Bicol and the standard police to population ratio
RDP 2017-2022 Midterm Update of 1:500 will be attained. Policing activities
targets to continuously reduce all forms will be enhanced through intensified
of criminality by collaborating with land and maritime security operations.
stakeholders and mobilizing the barangay-

Strategic Framework
Figure 18.1 Strategic Framework to Ensure Security, Public Order and Safety, 2017-2022
Strategies
To address the challenges and achieve the in the region will be enhanced by providing
subsector outcomes, the following strategies manpower and equipment support.
will be undertaken: Advocacy and awareness campaigns will
be conducted to inform the public on the
Subsector Outcome 1: Security and public efforts of the government in maintaining
safety ensured a safe and peaceful community. While
ensuring people’s security from external
Strengthen security and public safety threats, it is necessary for the populace,
campaign. The government will continue especially women, to feel safe in performing
to be proactive and steadfast in its efforts to their economic and social activities. This
sustain public order and safety, and maintain can be achieved by increasing access to
a peaceful environment by actively engaging public spaces such as streets with enough
the private sector and the community. The space for pedestrians and sufficient
Bicol region, being the gateway to Visayas lighting, eco- and PWD-friendly, and
and Mindanao, is exposed to different gender-sensitive recreational parks, local
public disturbances from CTGs who want town centers, and health-promoting
to gain access to Luzon. The security forces spaces like bicycle lanes, among others.

Basic services will be provided to the GFAs peace, security and public safety concerns
to ensure that no one is left behind in the are prioritized, including funding support,
development that the government desires. and the regular updating of the POPS Plan.
Local peace engagements and dialogues Meanwhile, the Peace and Order Councils
will be prioritized to address the long- (POCs), the government’s platform for
standing issue on peace and development. stronger collaboration among the LGU,
Provision of separate facilities for radicals law enforcement, and the community to
and CICLs is also needed to prevent the jails fight criminality, illegal drugs, and violent
from becoming the ground for insurgency extremism, will efficiently perform their
recruitment and violence, and to provide the tasks by harmonizing and effectively
children with appropriate care and guidance. implementing peace and order and public
Employment and productive opportunities safety activities. These POCs will comply
will be made available for all to increase with the performance audit set under
self-efficiency and social responsibility, DILG MC 2019-54. Likewise, the POCs
thus becoming the catalysts for change will serve as partners of the RTF-ELCAC
and active partners for development. in the organization of local task forces to
support the implementation of EO 70, s.
Police presence and visibility in all areas 2018. The barangays will monitor activities
of the region will be intensified. The in the community, report suspicious
construction of standard PNP stations illegal and insurgent activities to proper
is one of the measures to enhance police authorities, and recommend measures
presence and visibility in the community. to improve or enhance peace and order
For the succeeding years of plan and public safety in the community8.
implementation, the remaining 17 police
stations will be constructed through the Enhance capability of jail management,
support of LGUs that will be donating the fire protection services, and humanitarian
appropriate lots. Checkpoints, foot and assistance and disaster response. Ensuring
mobile patrols, and intelligence-driven public safety also requires improvement of
operations against most wanted persons jail management through the construction
and criminal gangs will be conducted. The of jails and rehabilitation facilities, and
BINs and BPATs, which proved helpful in the provision of services to PDLs on
policing the barangays, will play critical social welfare and health, livelihood,
roles in the conduct of these activities. To education, and skills development, and
strengthen peace and order management, values formation, with assistance from the
the capability of fire protection services different agencies. Support equipment such
and jail management will be improved as security vehicle and firearms are also
by constructing fire stations and jail needed to ensure the security of the jail
buildings with complete ancillary facilities. personnel and the community. On the other
hand, to ensure the preservation of life and
Enhance community participation in property from fire-related incidents, the
policing activities. The support of LCEs capacity of the BFP will be strengthened to
will be ensured in implementing the LACAP enforce the Fire Code, and to respond to
and the POPS Plan that must be integrated fires and other related emergencies. New
into the CDP of LGUs. The LGUs will also fire stations will be constructed and new
designate a focal person to ensure that firetrucks will be procured for LGUs without
8
DILG Memorandum Circular No. 2015-130 “Guidelines on the Functions of the Peace and Order Councils,
BPOC, and the POC secretariats”

these facilities. Additional manpower will programs, emulation of high ethical values,
be provided to complement the requirement and emphasis on personal accountability
for every fire station. The capability of anchored on community policing mindset9.
the BFP, along with other agencies on
technical rescue/hazardous materials Continue campaign against illegal drugs.
(HAZMAT) response, will be strengthened. All government entities will take part in
The programs and advocacies for building the institutionalization of the Philippine
resilient communities including the Anti-Illegal Drugs Strategy (PADS) per EO
mainstreaming of DRR-CCA concepts and 66 s. 2018, which directs all government
principles will be strengthened by engaging agencies, including GOCCs and SUCs
local development partners, community to implement the PADS vis-a-vis their
organization, armed forces, and NGOs. respective mandates. The NGOs are also
encouraged to support the programs under
Subsector Outcome 2: All forms of the PADS. The implementation of Barangay
criminality significantly reduced Drug Clearing Program will be strengthened
to provide a more effective and efficient
Intensify law enforcement operations and prevention measure to fully eradicate illegal
enhance capability of law enforcement drug abuse. Operations against illegal
agencies. The capability of the law enforcers drugs will be spearheaded by PDEA, but all
to ensure proper implementation of stakeholders will extend support to sustain
different laws and ordinances, and gain the intensified anti-illegal drugs campaign
people’s trust in the government will be and preventive drug education program.
enhanced so that they can continue to
deliver clean and sincere public service and Ensure protection of human rights and
policing. Modernization of enforcement promote gender equality. In line with the
agencies including the AFP, PNP, Philippine advocacy to minimize or eradicate VAWC-
Coast Guard (PCG), BFAR, and other related cases, the CHR will continue to
maritime law enforcement agencies will monitor the VAWC desks of LGUs. Joint
be continued. This will ensure that the monitoring of the CHR, DILG, and DSWD
country is at par with other countries in will be conducted to check the functionality
advancing technology and developing of the VAWC desks. Capacity building
the capability against local and national and training for PNP personnel on human
security threats posed by external and rights laws will be enhanced to ensure
internal forces. The capacities of these law respect for the rights of every individual.
enforcement agencies will be strengthened Actions will include the mainstreaming of a
to match the growing sophistication and rights-based approach, gender perspective,
complexity of crimes. Deep thinking, and the conflict-sensitive and peace-
character transformation, and maximizing promoting approaches in government
the full human potential of individual police plans, policies, programs, and projects.
officers, will be developed through training
9
Community Oriented Policing System Towards a Peaceful and Progressive Community

Legislative Agenda
The proposed legislative agenda to ensure security, public order and safety are
presented in Table 18.1.
Table 18.1 Legislative Agenda to Ensure Security, Public Order and Safety

Amendment of the National Defense Act The National Defense Act of 1935 that provides for national defense policies,
principles, and concepts is proposed to be updated. It will codify various
laws on national defense, the AFP and the civilian bureaus, to streamline and
professionalize the defense bureaucracy.
Amendment of the Philippine Immigration The Philippine Immigration Act will be amended to strengthen, among others,
Act the institutional framework, capacity on border control at ports of entry, and
regulation and registration of foreign national within the country.
Amendment of the Comprehensive Certain provisions of the Act will be enhanced to address the present drug
Dangerous Act of 2002 situation in the country, particularly the implementation mechanism functions
of concerned government agencies, and the reorganization of PDEA.

19
Accelerating
Infrastructure
Development
Chapter 19
Accelerating Infrastructure
Development
This chapter covers five infrastructure subsectors, namely: transportation, water
resources, energy, ICT, and social infrastructure. Accelerating the development
of these infrastructure subsectors is a bedrock strategy that supports the three
pillars of the overall development framework of the Bicol RDP. The outcomes,
targets, and strategies under this chapter are in line with the administration’s
Build, Build, Build Program and the SDGs, particularly SDGs 6 (clean water
and sanitation), 7 (renewable energy), and 9 (innovation and infrastructure).

Subsector Outcome 1: Modern, seamless are ongoing in 2018, with an aggregate
and efficient transportation achieved length of 294.89 km, and two projects
that are included in the FY 2019 GAA
Connectivity was improved through with an aggregate length of 59.76 km.
enhanced quality transport infrastructure.
Roads and bridges projects were Of the total national road length of 2,389.22
implemented to close the gaps in the km, almost half are classified as national
national road network. As a result, national secondary roads and about a fifth are
road length increased by 3.57 kilometers national primary roads (Figure 19.1). About
(km) from 2,385.67 km in 2016 to 2,389.22 97 percent or 2,322.35 km of national
km in 2018. The minimal increase in road roads are paved (concrete and asphalt
length registered a road density for national surface), thus exceeding the plan target
roads from 13.17 km/square km in 2016 to until 2018 of 2,272.29 km. About 66.88 km
19.19 km/square km in 2018, which is above or three percent remains unpaved (gravel
the national figure of 10.62 km/square km. and earth surface), but most of these are
covered under ongoing road improvement
The increase in road length is part of the projects in various provinces in the region.
missing link along the Bacon-Manito road,
a national secondary road, which provides In terms of condition of national roads
access to the province of Sorsogon from however, about 62 percent are in good to
Manito, Albay. The ongoing Bacon-Manito fair condition, which is far from the plan
Road Project will close the remaining gap target of 100 percent by 2022 (Figure 19.2).
of about 10.67 km between Bacon District, About 23 percent are either in poor or bad
Sorsogon City and Manito, Albay. Other condition, and about 15 percent fall under
road projects to construct missing links or “no assessment.” The province of Masbate has
new roads consist of eleven projects that the longest length of national roads in poor
Chapter 19 Accelerating Infrastructure Development | 223

or bad condition, which represents about 42 has yet to be improved and rehabilitated,
percent of the total national road length in and 61 km of earth and gravel national
the province. Overall, a total of 544.68 kms road has to be paved, constituting 3 percent
or 23 percent of the total paved national road of the total national road (Table 19.1).
Figure 19.1. Distribution of National Figure 19.2. Distribution of Paved National

Roads, by Classification, Bicol Roads, by Road Condition
Region: October 15, 2018 Bicol Region: October 15, 2018
Table 19.1 Length of Paved National Roads (Concrete and Asphalt) in Poor and Bad
Condition and Unpaved National Roads (Earth and Gravel Roads) by
Province: 2018
LENGTH OF PAVED NATIONAL ROADS
LENGTH OF LENGTH OF UNPAVED NATIONAL
(CONCRETE amd ASPHALT) IN POOR
PROVINCE NATIONAL ROAD ROADS (EARTH and GRAVEL)
AND BAD CONDITION
(KM)
KILOMETERS PERCENT KILOMETERS PERCENT
Albay 407.43 46.15 11.33 0 0
Camarines Norte 235.13 59.99 25.51 18.78 7.99
Camarines Sur 665.19 139.45 20.96 1.92 0.29
Catanduanes 314.56 102.44 32.57 36.89 11.73
Masbate 423.89 172.44 40.68 0.24 0.06
Sorsogon 343.02 24.22 7.06 3.17 0.92
Total 2,389.22 544.68 22.80 61.00 2.55
Source: DPWH Region 5
At the end of 2018, all bridges along the total length of 22,147 lineal meters (lm).
national roads have been converted to Of these, 172 bridges (3,125 lm) are along
permanent bridges, thus meeting the plan the primary roads, 353 bridges (10,852 lm)
target. The Bicol region has a total of 674 are along secondary roads, and 150 bridges
permanent bridges (concrete and steel (5,170 lm) are situated along tertiary roads.
structures) along national roads with a

Other major transportation projects that Pili, Camarines Sur. The Pasacao-Balatan
will improve connectivity of the Bicol region Tourism Coastal road is a north-to-south
have advanced towards the final stages of traffic road corridor in Camarines Sur,
project development. The proposed 220- which runs parallel to the Pan-Philippine
km four-lane Bicol-Expressway (QuBEx) Highway or AH26 with a total length of 38.20
Project which is part of the Luzon Spine km linking five municipalities. The road is
Expressway Network and classified as a a tourism infrastructure that will provide
“project of national significance” due to easy access of the poor coastal communities
its function to seamlessly link the Luzon to markets and maximize the development
regions. The QuBEx will connect to the 15.2 potentials of their rich natural resources for
km four-lane Camarines Sur Expressway tourism (beaches), industry (cement and
Project or Camarines Sur High-Speed other minerals) and agriculture (coconut).
Highway Project that will terminate in
Figure 19.3 Transport Connectivity and Linkages in Bicol Region
Source: RSDF

The proposed Sorsogon-Samar Link Bridge and facilities, stations and terminals.
Project will boost connectivity between
mainland Luzon and the Visayas by Coordination meetings were initiated by
providing an alternative mode of transport the RDCs of Bicol and CALABARZON
by land from Matnog, Sorsogon in the Bicol for the PNR SLH Project, QuBEx Project
region to Samar in Eastern Visayas. The and South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) Toll
project is included in the national investment Road 4 Project to update the stakeholders
program and is at the pre-feasibility on the status of the projects, harmonize
study stage. However, the project was project alignments, and discuss issues and
deferred due to financial and technological concerns that need immediate actions. The
constraints. On the other hand, the PNR SLH, QuBEx extension to Matnog,
proposed Catanduanes Friendship bridge Sorsogon are supposed to complement
that will connect Caramoan in Camarines the Sorsogon-Samar Link Bridge Project.
Sur to San Andres in Catanduanes, a
strategic infrastructure project, has The proposed resumption of the
to advance to project development. Naga-Legazpi commuter train service
did not materialize due to non-
The proposal to adopt the national road availability of locomotive engines
standard for all types of roads was not and damaged railroad tracks.
pursued. The policy proposal requires more
in-depth study and broad consultation For air transportation, the Bicol
with government agencies and LGUs International Airport Development Project
that are implementing road projects, (BIADP) is 61 percent accomplished as
considering that some implementers do of November 6, 2019 and is due for full
not have adequate funds to construct roads completion in 2020. Outstanding issues
of national standards and specifications. affecting the project include peace and
security concerns and the relocation of the
For rail transportation, the proposed PNR transmission towers of the National Grid
South Long Haul (PNR SLH) Project is up Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP) that
for review by the Investment Coordination are obstructing the glide path of aircrafts.
Committee (ICC) and is proposed for The Bicol RDC created a special committee,
funding through Official Development chaired by Civil Aviation Authority of the
Assistance (ODA) from China. A long-time Philippines (CAAP), to address the issue on
clamor of Bicolanos, the project will provide the relocation of NGCP transmission lines
railway transport services from Manila to and towers. The committee proposed that
Matnog, Sorsogon, which is the jump-off the NGCP transmission lines be installed
point to Visayas by sea transport through underground before the operation of the BIA.
Matnog Port. The Bicol RDC submitted to the
project consultants the results of the Railway The New Naga Airport Development Project,
Development Summit conducted in 2013 which was approved by the ICC in 2015, will
for consideration in the finalization of the entail the construction of a new airport with
project design and alignment. The summit a re-oriented runway that can accommodate
recommendations reflected the aspirations bigger aircrafts. The project is still in the
of the railway stakeholders in the region, right-of-way acquisition stage, with the
in terms of train speed, coach amenities expropriation process pending at the Office

of the Solicitor-General. It is hounded Airport facilities, particularly in the four
by the issue on just compensation for airports that provide civil aviation services,
the affected farmers and landowners. are continually being improved and
upgraded. As a result, commercial aircraft
The preparation of the feasibility study, movement (incoming and outgoing) and air
master plan and environmental impact passenger movement generally improved
assessment for the New Masbate in 2018, compared to 2016, except in Naga
Airport Development Project is being airport (Tables 19.2 and 19.3). On the other
undertaken by the Department of hand, air cargo movement in all airports has
Transportation (DOTr) and is expected been on a decline from 2016-2018 (Table
to be completed by December 2019. 19.4) due to increasing cost of air cargo
that shifted to the improved road transport.
Table 19.2 Commercial Aircraft Movement (Incoming and Outgoing), by Airport,

Bicol region: 2016-2018
AIRPORT 2016 2017 2018

Legazpi 4,284 5,154 5,258
Naga 2,608 2,692 1,622
Virac 436 594 712
Masbate 722 1,408 1,376
Total 8,050 9,848 8,968
% Change 22.34 (8.94)
Source: CAAP Area 5
Table 19.3 Passenger Movement, by Airport, Bicol region: 2016-2018
AIRPORT 2016 2017 2018

Legazpi 564,406 621,374 566,535
Naga 137,329 143,605 94,443
Virac 56,149 53,483 70,584
Masbate 30,078 65,627 72,415
Daet* 21 9 9
Total 787,983 884,089 803,977
% Change 1.79 12.20 (9.06)
Source: CAAP Area 5

*from private aircraft

Table 19.4 Cargoes Movement (kg), by Airport, Bicol Region: 2016-2018
AIRPORT 2016 2017 2018

Legazpi 2,464,647 2,576,141 2,301,070
Naga 458,429 310,763 152,388
Virac 134,008 82,888 46,297
Masbate 83,228 62,266 23,157
Total 3,140,312 3,032,058 2,522,912
% Change 0.59 (3.45) (16.79)
Source: CAAP Area 5
There are three other airports in the to absence of large holding area, particularly
region that provide general aviation during inclement weather conditions.
services. Daet airport in Camarines Norte
is classified as a secondary airport. The The repair and maintenance of ports of
Bacon and Bulan airports in the province Jose Panganiban in Camarines Norte;
of Sorsogon are community airports Bulan in Sorsogon; Pantao in Libon,
that are used for emergency landings. Albay; Virac in Catanduanes; and Masbate
City were undertaken. These included
For sea transportation, the Matnog Port in repairs of retaining walls and bulkheads,
Sorsogon is a strategic national port in Bicol passenger terminal buildings and port
along the Maharlika Highway (AH26) and lighting system, and the construction
serves as the gateway of Luzon to Visayas of powerhouse and drainage system.
and Mindanao. It has ongoing expansion
and upgrading projects that include the The improved port services and appurtenant
construction of additional RORO ramp, and facilities contributed to the increase in
the upgrading of the existing platform and domestic ship calls, passenger traffic,
back-up area. Several issues and problems and cargo throughput from 2017-2018.
hampered the efficient operations of the port, Domestic ship calls increased by five percent
such as (a) insufficient carrying capacity due to the newly opened private port in
of the port to accommodate passengers Padang, Legazpi City; new ferry vessel route
and RORO vessels for its berthing areas, from Legazpi City to Rapu-Rapu, Albay;
passenger terminal building, parking area, additional vessel at Pioduran port in Albay to
and holding area; (b) disorderly and time- Masbate; landing craft tank (LCT) operation
consuming processes for ticketing, vehicle in Bacacay port in Albay to Catanduanes;
processing, and queuing; (c) lax security and increased demand on containerized
check for passengers and motor vehicles cargo at the Pasacao port in Camarines Sur.
at the entrance and exit gates of the port
which pose security risks on the transport The Maritime Industry Authority
of illegal drugs and other contrabands; (MARINA), through the endorsement of
(d) poor and unsanitary condition of the the Bicol RDC, has approved the sea route
canteen; and (e) congestion along the between Mandaon Port in Masbate and
port’s access road (Maharlika Highway) as Culasi Port in Roxas City. The proposed
a result of queuing of buses and trucks due inter-regional sea link will connect

the islands of the Philippine archipelago additional projects are for implementation
through the Western Nautical Highway and in 2019, with a total road length of 121.71
the Central Nautical Highway. It is one of the km. The program opened up areas traversed
routes proposed under the Albay-Masbate- by the roads, not only for tourism purposes
Sorsogon Tourism Area Development Plan. but also for basic services and facilities,
and other socio-economic opportunities.
Passenger traffic increased by nine percent
from 4,468,170 passengers in 2017 to Under the DTI-DPWH Convergence
4,884,151 in 2018, particularly in the Program, which aims to improve
ports of Rapu-Rapu and Legazpi (Albay), connectivity between agro-industrial zones
San Andres (Catanduanes), Bulan and and markets, two road projects have been
Matnog (Sorsogon). Ports with RORO completed as of December 2018 with a total
facilities in Bacacay, Pioduran, and Tabaco length of 2.5 km, five projects are ongoing
(Albay), San Andres (Catanduanes), (41.44 km), and nine projects (36.49
and Matnog (Sorsogon) contributed to km) are included in the FY 2019 GAA.
the 15 percent increase in RORO traffic.
The DOTr-DPWH Convergence Program
The total volume of domestic cargo handled improves access to airports and seaports.
for 2018 increased by four percent from As of December 2018, five road projects
1,950,580 MT in 2017 to 2,033,419 MT. The leading to airports have been completed
newly operated private port of New Horizons and three are ongoing with an aggregate
Cargo Services located in Padang, Legazpi length of 55.47 km, while four additional
City that transports sand and gravel to projects (17.72 km) are included in the FY
Visayas, contributed to the increase. Foreign 2019 GAA. Moreover, six road projects
cargo throughput increased by 58 percent leading to seaports were completed and
from 364,281 MT to 575,450 MT because of 12 are ongoing (194.29 km), while two
the importation of cement, coal and clinker road projects leading to seaports (8.49
(bricks) at the Legazpi port, rice and clinker km) are for implementation in 2019.
at Tabaco port, and corn at Pasacao port.
Redundancy of transportation routes
Convergence programs were expanded increased through the construction and
to improve access to identified tourist improvement of bypass and diversion
destinations, agro-industrial zones, roads. The Andaya (formerly Quirino)
airports, and seaports. These include the Highway is continually being improved.
DOT-DPWH Convergence Program, the The proposal to convert it into a toll road
DTI-DPWH Convergence Program, and as indicated in the Bicol RDP is yet to gain
the DOTr-DPWH Convergence Program. traction. However, the QuBEx Project and
the Camarines Sur Expressway Project have
As of December 2018, 23 road projects have advanced towards the final stage of project
been completed under the DOT-DPWH development and have been submitted
Convergence Program, which improved to the ICC for approval, to shorten travel
access to tourist destinations regionwide, time from Manila to Bicol by two hours.
with a total road length of 240.3 km. Thirty- The Camarines Sur-Albay Diversion Road
two (32) road projects are ongoing, covering Project, with a total length of 109.67 km, is
a total road length of 529.74 km and six on-going. The project starts in San Fernando,

Camarines Sur and ends in Daraga, Albay water potential of 3,060 MCM/year (taken
and it runs almost parallel with the Maharlika at 80 percent dependability) and the total
Highway. It will serve as a redundant groundwater potential of 1,085 MCM/year.
route when the Bicol River basin areas are
flooded and as bypass of the Naga-Legazpi Surface water for water-critical areas using
corridor. The physical accomplishment as of eco-efficient water infrastructure designs
December 2018 is 62.30 km or 56.81 percent. was prioritized. The rainwater collectors
were installed by DPWH in public facilities,
Despite the various transportation projects such as elementary and high schools
implemented in the region, challenges and public markets by implementing
remain for the transportation sector. 258 rainwater collector systems
Enhancing further the connectivity (RWCS) in 2018 and 80 RWCS in 2017.
between the region’s urban centers,
agricultural and industrial zones, tourism Access to water supply to poor households
hubs, and other growth areas, remains a was provided. Level I (point source) and
major challenge. Enhancing connectivity Level II (communal faucet system) water
also means integrating different modes of supply projects were implemented under
transportation to facilitate movement of the BuB/Assistance to Municipalities
people and cargo, as well as the delivery of (AM) and SALINTUBIG programs
services and making these transportation of the DILG. These programs provide
facilities and services accessible to PWDs, potable water supply systems to waterless
as well as ensuring that these are child and municipalities, barangays, health centers,
elderly friendly. Other challenges are (a) and resettlement sites. In 2018, the total
closing the missing links along the Bicol population served by these programs
circumferential road from Camarines Norte reached 117,709 or 23,541 HH regionwide.
to Sorsogon; (b) enhancing redundancy
to reduce vulnerability of growth areas For Level III, based on data provided by the
and GIDAs; and (c) ensuring that all Bicol Water Districts Association, the total
entities implementing road projects population served by individual household
adopt the national road standards. connections increased from 610,757 in 2016
to 1,576,968 in 2018 or by 158 percent. This
Subsector Outcome 2: Water security is due to the expansion of water supply
ensured, lives and property protected projects by water districts and the efficient
from floods management of water district personnel,
thus resulting in additional water service
The database for the development of new connections and improved operation
water supply sources was established. The and maintenance of the water systems.
Philippine Water Supply and Sanitation
Master Plan (PWSSMP), which was Based on the 2015 Family Income and
completed in 2018, provides information Expenditure Survey (FIES), 80 percent
on groundwater and aquifer systems. The of the region’s population have safe
region has total water resources potential water sources, which is lower than the
of 4,145 million cubic meters (MCM)/ national figure of 87.68 percent. The rest
year, which is 2.8 percent of the country’s have unsafe sources, such as dug wells,
total that includes both the total surface lakes, peddlers, rain, and unprotected

springs, rivers, and streams. Moreover, 31 may or may not be safely managed (e.g.,
percent of the Bicol population get water with or without septic tank). The SDGs
from Level 3 systems, 7 percent from Level redefined sanitation from mere access to
2 systems, and 62 percent from Level 1 sanitary toilets, regardless of condition and
systems. Updated data in terms of the design of said facilities, to safely managed,
percentage of households with access to safe limited, and improved facilities. Moreover,
water supply is not available as of this writing. adequate and equitable sanitation
infrastructure includes facilities for
Watershed areas were protected and collection, treatment, and disposal or reuse.
maintained to ensure sufficient water
supply for domestic use. Concerned Of the seven cities in the Bicol region, only
agencies and LGUs continued to monitor the cities of Naga and Legazpi have septage
watershed areas against illegal logging treatment facilities that were established
and sustained reforestation activities in 2018. There are no municipalities with
in denuded areas. (Refer to Chapter 20) septage treatment facilities. The septage
treatment facility of Naga City is being
Irrigation service area increased. The managed and operated by the Metropolitan
increase recorded is about 2,004 hectares Naga Water District, while the Legazpi
(ha.) from 75,552 ha. in 2016 to 77,556 ha. in Septage Treatment Facility is being operated
2018, which is far from the targeted 93,665 by the City Government of Legazpi. Septage
ha. by year 2022. Among the factors affecting fees are collected from consumers by the
such performance is the weak institutional water districts through the water bills.
capability of NIA, particularly in terms of
number of technically capable manpower. Subsidy for wastewater treatment projects
To address this, a national irrigation master were provided. The recently completed
plan is being prepared, which includes PWSSMP provides for a unified financing
strengthening of NIA. In 2017, new framework to optimize the use of national
areas covering 913 has. of rice lands were government resources in increasing access to
provided with irrigation facilities; irrigation and improving water supply and sanitation,
systems for 1,159 ha. were restored; and particularly in the LGUs and communities.
existing irrigation facilities for 2,132 ha.
were rehabilitated. In 2018, the total areas Construction of flood management
provided with irrigation facilities consisted structure in the Bicol River Basin Area.
of 1,091 ha. new areas developed, 2,804 Lives and property were protected from
ha. restored, and 1,937 ha. rehabilitated. floods through the construction of the
flood management structures. The
The Bicol region has one of the highest total number of flood control projects
open defecation rate of 11.9 percent. As implemented by concerned agencies and
of 2015, about 86 percent of the region’s local government units is not available as
population have access to basic sanitation, of this writing. The Legazpi City Urban
which refers to a level of service where the Drainage Improvement Project (LCUDIP)
sanitation facility is private (not shared with helped solve the perennial flooding
other households) and where the excreta in the commercial district, urban and
is separated from human contact (e.g., residential areas of Legazpi City. It involves
using toilet fixture). However, the excreta the construction of flood control dikes,

jetty structures, pumping stations, loss beyond the cap of 10.25 to 12 percent
seawalls with jogger and vehicle set by the Energy Regulatory Commission
lanes, widening of river channels, (ERC), and as targeted in the Bicol RDP.
and replacement of critical bridges. As of September 2018, the Albay Power
and Energy Corporation (APEC) posted
The major challenges facing the water the highest system loss of 23.08 percent,
resources sector are the following: (a) while Camarines Sur Electric Cooperative
ensuring adequacy of water resources in (CASURECO) IV had the lowest at 9.94
the region; (b) attaining the SDG targets percent. For other ECs, system loss ranges
of safe water supply and sanitation; from ten to 15 percent. Among the reasons
(c) strengthening NIA and providing for high system losses are high incidence
sufficient funds for the maintenance of of electricity pilferage through illegal
irrigation facilities; and (d) improving connections, and aging distribution lines.
flood management interventions.
Another strategy to reduce electricity rates
Subsector Outcome 3: Sufficient, stable, is through capacity additions to existing
affordable and environment-friendly geothermal plants. Based on the DOE’s
power supply achieved list of private sector-initiated projects as of
January 2019, the Bicol region has a total
Investments in clean power generation were of 38.5 MW committed power projects
encouraged. This was done by implementing (all RE sources) thus increasing the target
the six existing power plants in the region capacity to 436.4 MW by 2022. Out of the
that are from renewable energy (RE) 38.5 MW committed capacity, the 31 MW
sources: geothermal, biomass, and hydro. belongs to Bacman 3 Geothermal Project
The region’s installed generating capacity of Energy Development Corp. with target
grew by 8.2 percent from 367.6 megawatts commercial operation in December 2022.
(MW) in 2016 to 397.9 MW in 2018. As of Other committed RE power plants in the
December 2018, the six power plants in the region include Colasi hydro power plant
region contributed as much as 2.5 percent in Camarines Norte and Rangas hydro
to the power supply needs of the Luzon power plant in Camarines Sur. However,
grid. In the island province of Catanduanes, the 402.9 MW target installed capacity in
which is not connected to the Luzon grid, 2018 was not met due to delayed operation
there is an existing hydropower plant with a of the Isabela La Suerte Rice Husk‐Fired
total installed capacity of 5.4 MW located in Power Project in Camarines Sur. Its
Bato (1.8 MW) and San Miguel (2.1 MW). target commercial operation was moved
from December 2018 to March 2019.
Strategies were undertaken towards
reducing electricity rates. A key strategy is Power reliability among the grid-connected
cutting system loss of electric cooperatives ECs improved. This is manifested by
(ECs). High cost of electricity is due largely decreased number of interruptions
to high system loss, which is passed on to experienced by consumers, from 20.86
the consumers. Although both clusters in 2017 to 17.40 in 2018. This falls within
of ECs in Bicol have, on the average, the standard number of interruptions
decreased system loss from 2018-2017, per consumer of 25 interruptions
most of the cooperatives registered system as set by the ERC. While there has

been considerable improvement among to meet the present and future demand.
the grid-connected ECs, power reliability
remains an issue for the island grid ECs, Energization of barangays, sitios, and
in particular the First Catanduanes households expanded. This is being
Electric Cooperative (FICELCO) which done through the Rural Electrification
experienced close to 157 interruptions Program of the NEA. The two remaining
per consumer as of December 2018. barangays in Albay have been energized
in 2018, attaining the plan target of 100
In the island province of Masbate, percent barangay energization rate. Sitio
the power distribution reliability is energization has expanded to 8,355 sitios,
expected to improve once the 15 MW an addition of 1,311 from 2017. Out of
coal-fired plant begins its commercial these potential sitios, 81 percent or 6,739
operations in December 2019, according sitios were energized, posting an increase
to the Masbate Electric Cooperative, Inc. of 18 percent from 2017. Despite the
(MASELCO). The Masbate Diesel Power increase, the 81 percent sitio energization
Plant of the DMCI Masbate Power Corp. rate is still far from the plan target of 100
(DMPC) in the Municipality of Mobo percent. Further, in terms of household
is set for commissioning in December electrification, connection rate is 81
2019. Further, as of November 2019, the percent as of November 2018, still far from
construction of two units of 5 MVA power the plan target of 100 percent (Table 19.5).
substations in Cataingan and Aroroy
are in progress. Despite these initiatives, The major challenges facing the energy
the Masbate Diesel Power Plant is not sector are the following: (a) varying
enough to meet the energy demand of the competition faced by investors in RE from
province, which is presently at 22 MW. To other energy sources, especially coal,
address this, the National Electrification which is relatively cheaper than renewable
Administration (NEA), through its sources; (b) improving power reliability;
Regulatory Affairs Office, is reviewing the (c) meeting the target of 100 percent sitio
EC’s existing power supply with DMCI energization and household connection
and its Power Supply Procurement Plan to rates; and (d) reducing system loss that
determine the needed additional capacity will redound to lower electricity rates.

Table 19.5. Number and Percentage of Sitios and Household Connections by Electric
Cooperative, Bicol region: November 2018
ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES SITIOS HOUSEHOLD CONNECTIONS
POTENTIAL ENERGIZED % UNENERGIZED POTENTIAL ENERGIZED %

Camarines Norte 558 464 83 94 133,400 89
119,138
Camarines Sur I 729 580 79 149 91,700 84,293 92
Camarines Sur II 409 351 84 58 134,000 93
124,476
Camarines Sur III 63 55 87 8 96,700 80,028 83
Camarines Sur IV 847 571 67 276 76,500 65,866 86
Albay 348 251 99 97 274,900 69
188,539
Sorsogon I 1,506 1,288 86 218 82,400 81,068 98
Sorsogon II 1,719 1,594 83 125 98,600 93,367 95
Catanduanes (FICELCO) 157 152 97 5 58,100 57,290 99
Masbate (MASELCO) 1,799 1,328 74 471 148,100 76,233 51
Ticao Island (TISELCO) 220 105 48 115 19,000 15,688 83
Total 8,355 6,739 81 1,616 1,213,400 985,986 81
Source: NEA
Subsector Outcome 4: Effective, efficient, is secure, sustainable, and transformative,
interconnected affordable communication as well as to enable an innovative, inclusive
facilities and services achieved and integrated ASEAN Community.
ICT master plans and roadmaps were Republic Act 11202 or the Mobile Number
formulated and implemented. The Portability Act signed on February 8,
Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting 2019 allows consumers to keep their
(DTTB) Migration Plan was prepared mobile number even if they switch service
by the Department of Information and providers or change their subscription to
Communications Technology (DICT) postpaid to prepaid, and vice versa, free of
last February 2017 in consultation with charge. This fosters a sense of urgency to
various stakeholders. The DTTB seeks deliver the best service for the consumers,
to address measures for the country’s while the government is pursuing policies to
migration to digital TV broadcasting and stimulate competition and further improve
public communications. Last July 12, 2017, telecommunication services in the country.
the DICT conducted a regional forum in
Legazpi City among Luzon stakeholders The Cyber–Security Plan was implemented.
on the adoption of the ASEAN ICT In 2017, the DICT formulated the National
Masterplan (AIM) 2020 initiative. The Cybersecurity Plan to protect the country’s
AIM 2020 envisions to propel ASEAN info-structures, government networks,
towards a digitally-enabled economy that businesses and its supply chains, and

every Filipino using the internet. The third telecommunication provider, Mislatel
plan aims to: (a) assure continuous Consortium, which will start operations in
operation of the country’s critical info- 2019, commits to increase basic internet
structures; (b) implement cyber resiliency speed in the Philippines to 55 Mbps and
measures; (c) foster effective coordination serve at least 84 percent of the population
with law enforcement agencies; and on its fifth year of operation. The download
(d) educate society on cybersecurity. speed in the Philippines in November
2018 was only 14.69 Mbps for mobile and
Interconnectivity among government 18.47 Mbps for fixed broadband, based
offices was enhanced and internet access on the Speedtest Global Index. Globally,
was provided in public areas. In June 2016, the Philippines ranked 93rd in mobile
the DICT implemented the Government and 85th in fixed broadband speed.
Network (GovNet) which established free
internet service in government offices In 2017, a landing station in Daet,
and public areas using the most-cost Camarines Norte was included in the seven
effective telecommunication technology international submarine cable landing
and internet protocol transport. From 32 stations of the Asia Submarine Cable
agencies in 2016 that were provided with Express (ASE), a 40-gigabit-per-second
access under Phase 1 of the project with (Gbps) undersea cable system designed
the last-mile connectivity installed by the to provide the shortest, fastest and most
DICT through a 20km fiber optic network, reliable direct link from Singapore to Japan,
a total of 659 live project suites and five connecting Hongkong and the Philippines.
connections were established in 2017.
Under Phase 2 in 2018, an additional 84 The National Telecommunications
government agencies and public places were Commission (NTC) Region 5 reported an
provided with free wifi access by the DICT. increase in the number of cellular sites in
the region from 2017-2018. The decrease
Internet coverage was expanded and the in the number of cellular sites from 2016-
number of cell sites was increased. The 2017 was caused by Typhoon Nina that
National Broadband Plan (NBP) serves as a destroyed communication facilities. Table
blueprint in accelerating the deployment of 19.6 shows the number of cellular sites
fiber optic cables and wireless technologies, of the three wireless communication
with an entry level broadband connection service providers and Figure 19.4
speed of 2 megabit per second (Mbps). The shows the map of cell site coverage.
Table 19.6. Number of Cellular Sites, Bicol Region: CY 2016-2018
SERVICE PROVIDERS 2016 2017 2018

Globe 257 248 260
Smart 431 274 276
Suncellular 111 69 71
TOTAL 799 591 607
Source: NTC Region 5

Figure 19.4. Map of Cell Site C overage, Bicol Region: 2018
Source: dict.gov.ph/bass
The NTC Region 5 issued 21,398 licenses, Telephone companies continue to operate in
permits, registration and certificates for the the region providing support to businesses
television receive-only (TVRO) and non- and offices, thus complementing the
TVRO stations and conducted measurement services of cellular phones. Table 19.7 shows
of the characteristics of voice and data the total telephone connections in 2017.
signals of cable modern termination system
(CMTS) at the barangays and public Capability building activities were
elementary and high schools. This was conducted to upgrade landline telephone
done to determine the type of cellular services, cellular phone and radio
network system available (2G, 3G or 4G) telecommunications services. Among these
and to measure the speed (uploading and were: (1) training sessions on blocking
downloading) and data signals of broadband of lost and stolen cellular phones and
service providers. From 2,346 barangays tape preservation of unwanted broadcast
with CMTS and broadband access, the NTC airings; (2) IEC campaign on text scams
Region 5 recorded 2,394 barangays in 2018. and press conference to broadcast stations,

local CATV operators, information officers radio land mobile seminar in different
of LGUs, RLAs and students of SUCs; provinces and cities of the region.
and (3) one-day mobile licensing and
Table 19.7. Telephone Connections, Bicol Region: CY 2017
PROVINCE TELEPHONE EXCHANGE CAPACITY/TELEPHONE TOTAL CONNECTION

LINES
Albay 26 26,042 10,176
Camarines Norte 9 6,290 2,012
Camarines Sur 35 46,344 16,741
Catanduanes 5 1,000 248

Masbate 1 3,000 2,420
Sorsogon 3 1,950 737
TOTAL 76 84,626 32,334
Source: NTC Region 5

Although various programs, projects and Financing of social infrastructure
policies were undertaken by the government facilities and services was facilitated.
and private sectors, the following challenges This resulted to an increase in the number
are faced by the communications sector: (a) of classrooms and schools, as well as
further strengthening multi-stakeholder barangay health stations and hospitals.
collaboration; (b) improving fixed telephone
line subscriptions; and (c) infusing ICT in Educational Facilities. Funds under the
all areas and levels of society to improve Basic Education Facilities Fund (BEFF)
services, operations and capabilities. were allocated to construct new classrooms
to accommodate incoming learners. The
Subsector Outcome 5: Adequate, safe, number of classrooms allocated increased by
accessible and cost-effective social seven percent from 2016-2017, but decreased
infrastructure facilities and services slightly by two percent from 2017-2018
provided (Table 19.8). Due to the early procurement
of Schools Division Offices in the region, the
number of repaired classrooms increased
from 1,216 in 2016 to 1,744 in 2018.
Table 19.8 Number of Classrooms Allocated and Constructed under the Basic Education
Facilities Fund, Bicol Region: 2016-2018
INDICATOR 2016 2017 2018

No. of classrooms allocated 2,426 2,593 2,535
No. of classrooms constructed No data 1,783 50
No. of classrooms whose construction is ongoing 805 1,375
No. of classrooms not yet started 5 1,110
Source: DepEd Region 5, as of December 2018

For schoolyear 2018-2019, the total number 19.9). The increase in the number of schools
of elementary schools (public and private) is expected to improve classroom to pupil/
reached 3,625. The total number of JHS student ratio. Updated data for these,
(public and private) reached 912 (Table however, is unavailable as of this writing.
Table 19.9 Number of Public and Private Schools, School Year, Bicol Region: 2018-2019
NUMBER OF SCHOOLS
DIVISION ELEMENTARY JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS
PUBLIC PRIVATE SUCS/ TOTAL PUBLIC PRIVATE SUCS/ TOTAL

LUCS LUCS
Albay 465 49 514 90 18 108
Camarines Norte 253 47 1 301 64 24 1 89
Camarines Sur 864 131 995 219 56 4 279
Catanduanes 234 21 1 256 42 2 1 45

Iriga City 40 24 64 12 8 20
Legaspi City 44 26 1 71 13 15 1 29
Ligao City 55 13 68 12 4 16
Masbate 575 34 609 123 24 147
Masbate City 34 10 44 8 6 14
Naga City 29 48 77 9 12 21
Sorsogon 450 33 483 81 21 102
Sorsogon City 68 16 84 17 10 1 28
Tabaco City 39 21 60 9 5 14
Grand Total 3150 473 3 3626 699 205 8 912

Source: DepEd Region 5, as of December 10, 2018
The QRF under the DepEd is dedicated Resolution No. 33 entitled “Requesting the
to the repair and reconstruction of school DPWH to Expedite the School Building
facilities damaged by disasters. For FY Program by Entering into a Memorandum
2017, there was no QRF allocated to of Understanding with the LGUs” for
DepEd because all QRFs of agencies were consideration by the DPWH central office.
lodged under the National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Council Health Facilities. The number of health
(NDRRMC). The DepEd requested for facilities in the region increased from
QRF to repair the schools damaged by 1,503 in 2016 to 1,787 in 2018 (Table
Typhoon Nina in 2016. In 2018, the QRF 19.10). Majority of the health facilities
allocated PhP107.93 million for the repair are barangay health stations (BHS),
of 57 classrooms in 30 school sites damaged which increased from 1,198 to 1,363. The
by Typhoon Urduja in 2017. The delayed number of government hospitals increased
enactment of the FY 2019 GAA resulted from 3 to 17 in the same period, while
in the delayed implementation of school private hospitals increased from 5 to 16.
building projects. The Bicol RDC passed

Table 19.10 Health Facilities, Bicol Region: 2016-2018
YEAR TOTAL BHS RHU INFIRMARY BIRTHING GOVT. PRIVATE

HOMES HOSPITAL HOSPITAL
2016 1,503 1,198 133 64 100 3* 5
2017 1,723 1,285 133 62 212 15** 16
2018 1,787 1,363 133 59 199 17** 16
Source: DOH-CHD Bicol

* includes only DOH-retained government hospitals
** includes the three DOH-retained hospitals and district hospitals
Based on the DOH report for July 2016 to The BRTTH implemented various
January 2017, there are two DOH accredited expansion projects, such as the Heart
drug abuse treatment and rehabilitation Center Building Phases I and II, Cancer
centers (TRCs) in San Fernando, Center Building, patient support services,
Camarines Sur and in Malinao, Albay. dialysis center, and Acute Psychiatric
Building, and the LGU operated Legazpi
Under the Health Facilities Enhancement City Hospital became operational in 2018.
Program (HFEP), the Bicol Medical Center
(BMC) in Naga City implemented the BMC Housing Facilities. Key shelter agencies
Modernization Program with an estimated implemented housing programs, such as the
cost of PhP845 million, that will increase Resettlement Program, the CMP, and Direct
the hospital bed capacity from 500 to 800. Housing Provision. Table 19.11 presents
accomplishments under these programs.
Table 19.11 Housing Program Accomplishments, Bicol Region: 2017-2018
UNITS OF HOUSING ASSISTANCE

HOUSING PROGRAM
2017 2018
Resettlement Assistance Program 399 677
Community Mortgage Program 47 0
Direct Housing Provision 1,235 3,224
Total 1,681 3,901
Source: HUDCC Region 5
The RAP-LGU assists LGUs in the relocation for the construction of 1,000 and 200 housing
and resettlement of informal sector families. units, for Phase 2 and Phase 2a, respectively.
Housing loans were made available for
Pag-IBIG members with a total of PhP3.17 In 2019, the DPWH completed six (6)
billion released for the construction of 5,462 evacuation centers in the Bicol region to serve
housing units in 2015, and PhP1.03 billion as safe shelter in times of calamities. These
in 2018 for 1,665 housing units. Under the are in Barangay Tughan in Juban, Sorsogon;
direct housing provision, the AFP/PNP Municipality of Virac in Catanduanes;
Housing Program for uniformed personnel Barangay Cadlan in Pili, Camarines Sur;
in Del Rosario, Pili, Camarines Sur allocated Barangay Sto. Domingo in Vinzons,

Camarines Norte; Barangay Balading in were approved, namely, SWMPs of the cities
Malinao Albay; and Barangay Bolod in San of Legazpi and Ligao in Albay, and of the
Pascual, Burias Island, Masbate. Construction municipality of Bombon in Camarines Sur.
of two (2) evacuation centers is on-going
in Sitio Tubog, Zone 1 in the municipality The DENR-Environmental Management
of Libon in Albay and in Barangay Bureau (EMB) provided technical support
Caliliog in Tinambac, Camarines Sur. to eight LGUs in Albay (Manito and Oas),
Masbate (Pio V. Corpus), Catanduanes
Solid Waste Management Facilities. The Bicol (San Andres), and Sorsogon (Magalanes,
region has two operational sanitary landfills Donsol, Barcelona, and Matnog) for the
(SLFs). The Legazpi City sanitary landfill establishment of new materials recovery
serves 59 of the 70 barangays in the city, while facilities (MRFs). As of 2018, 816 functional
the Naga City SLF serves all 27 barangays. A MRFs were established in the region.
total of 35 open dump sites were closed and
four were rehabilitated in 2017. In 2018, Among the challenges facing the social
69 out of 114 LGUs in the region are still infrastructure subsector are the following:
operating open dump sites, while 15 LGUs (a) increasing number of population that
were operating controlled disposal facilities. will require additional education, health,
housing, and solid waste management
The National Solid Waste Management facilities; (b) making social infrastructure
Commission (NSWMC) approved the facilities resilient to disasters; and (c)
solid waste management plans (SWMPs) constructing additional evacuation
of Ligao City and Bula, Camarines Sur in centers to stop the use of public schools
2017. In 2018, 112 LGUs submitted their as temporary shelters during disasters.
10-year SWMPs to NSWMC and three
Action Plan
The sector outcome of reliable and resilient communication facilities and services; and
infrastructure facilities and services will (e) adequate, safe, accessible, and cost-
be achieved through the attainment of the effective social infrastructure facilities and
following subsector outcomes: (a) modern, services. These outcomes will be achieved by
seamless, and efficient transportation; increasing spending on public infrastructure,
(b) water security and lives and property implementing strategic infrastructure
protected from floods; (c) sufficient, stable, projects, ensuring asset preservation,
and affordable power supply; (d) effective, and promoting R&D on infrastructure.
efficient, interconnected, and affordable
Targets
Major targets to achieve the above outcomes connection; (d) number of government
include: (a) gaps in national road network offices and public places with access to free
closed; (b) 95 percent of households internet service increased; and (e) standard
have access to safe water supply; (c) 100 ratios of classroom to pupil/student
percent of households have electricity achieved in all levels from kinder to SHS.

Strategic Framework
Figure 19.5 Strategic Framework to Accelerate Infrastructure Development, 2017-2022
Strategies
The following strategies will help achieve pursued to further increase spending
the subsector outcomes to address the in public infrastructure. The Philippine
challenges presented above: Transportation System Master Plan,
as well as the Luzon and RSDFs, will
Subsector Outcome 1: Modern, seamless, serve as guides in the prioritization of
and efficient transportation achieved projects. Asset preservation and disaster
resilience measures will be incorporated
Ongoing transportation projects will in the design of transportation
be completed and new projects will be projects. R&D on new transportation

technologies and disaster resilient will be incorporated in the design of projects.
infrastructure designs will be promoted.
Upgrade transportation facilities
Improve intra and inter-regional and services. PAPs under this strategy
connectivity. Big ticket projects under include the establishment of multi-
this strategy include the PNR SLH Project, modal transport terminals with ancillary
QuBEx Project, Camarines Sur Expressway facilities that are friendly to every PWD,
Project, and the BIA Project. Other PAPs child, and elderly. PPP schemes will be
include the construction of new roads and promoted in financially viable projects
missing links, road and bridge improvement to boost infrastructure spending and
projects, road widening of national roads, improve the efficiency of transport
convergence programs between the DPWH operations. Airports and seaports will be
and DOT, DTI, and DOTr. Ongoing projects upgraded to meet the increasing demand.
will be completed and additional missing
links/new roads will be constructed in 2020 To improve the operational efficiency
and beyond, such as the Daraga-Legazpi of Matnog port, the following were
City Alternate Road (PNR Road Track), San recommended: (a) modernize the facilities
Isidro-Florista-Panoypoy-Bascaran Road, and systems of operations, for example,
Pantao-Bato-Balatan Coastal Road, and electronic/online and single ticketing
Cawayan-Placer Coastal Road. Likewise, system, and security check; (b) expand
the provinces will implement local road its port zone delineation plan; (c) expand
projects under the Conditional Matching the port through reclamation projects
Grant to Provinces (CMGP) for Road to increase its carrying capacity; and (d)
Repair, Rehabilitation and Improvement of develop alternative port, such as Bulan
the DILG and the PRDP of the DA. Also Port and other ports in partnership with
included under this strategy are activities private investors and shipping companies.
towards the establishment of new inter-
provincial and inter-regional sea routes. Subsector Outcome 2: Water security
ensured and lives and property protected
Increase the redundancy of transportation from floods
routes. This is to minimize congestion of
major routes in urban centers and provide The PWSSMP will serve as the blueprint
alternative routes. The PAPs under this for strategies, programs, and projects to be
strategy include construction of bypass and implemented to achieve the vision of “All
diversion roads. The ongoing bypass roads Filipinos have access to sustainable and
will be completed and eight new projects affordable safe water supply, and to adequate
will be pursued in CY 2020 and beyond. safely managed sanitation services by 2030.”
These include new roads connecting Daang The Feasibility Study for the Bicol River Basin
Maharlika to Tagas-Magang Daet Poblacion will be pursued that will address the perennial
road and Daet-Mercedes road; the Daet-Roy flooding in the Bicol river basin area.
Padilla Sr. Highway-Jct. Rolando Andaya
Highway; the Daang Maharlika Jct. Basud- Establish a database for the development
Jct. Sipocot-Cabusao road; and San Jacinto of new water supply sources. There must be
coastal bypass road in Masbate. Asset an agency that will handle the database of
preservation and disaster resilience measures all the detailed water data and information,

particularly on groundwater and aquifer rationalizing the irrigation service fee
systems in the entire region. This will (ISF). Farmers are obliged to conserve
address the lack of adequate surface water since additional demand for water
water resources. The database will be the will entail additional cost on their part.
basis to facilitate the development of new
water supply sources. Data gathering Strengthen NIA in terms of manpower,
on groundwater and aquifer systems capability, and technology adoption. The
needs sufficient funding and resources. implementation of the NIA Rationalization
Plan considerably reduced the human
Prioritize surface water for water-critical resources of the agency. The limited
areas using eco-efficient infrastructure personnel performing irrigation design,
designs. The RWCS will continue to review and procurement resulted in
be implemented in water critical areas delayed implementation of some proposed
like upland communities. The rainwater projects. Increasing the number of the
collected is an additional water source NIA personnel, improving their capability
that can be used for domestic, agricultural through training programs, and adoption
development, and terrestrial ecosystems. of modern technologies will fast track
the implementation of more irrigation
Protect and maintain watershed areas to projects. With the enactment of the Free
ensure sufficient water supply for domestic Irrigation Service Act, the sustainability
use. Reforestation activities like tree of irrigation services will be ensured
planting will be encouraged in denuded under the helm of a strengthened NIA.
watershed areas in order to improve recharge
of aquifers. LGUs and agencies will continue Subsector Outcome 3: Sufficient, stable,
these activities and monitor illegal logging affordable and environment-friendly
in watershed areas. (Refer to Chapter 20) power supply
Provide subsidy for wastewater treatment The Bicol region will continue to
projects. Wastewater treatment facilities are aim for energy sufficiency, served by
very costly. Thus, clustering of LGUs is needed increased alternative energy sources.
to successfully implement these projects. All households will be energized while
These facilities remove contaminants enjoying lower electricity rates, and more
from wastewater to make it usable again. reliable electric power supply will be
assured, especially in island provinces.
Introduce low-cost technology in hauling
water especially at hinterland barangays. Encourage investments in clean power
Low-cost technology in hauling water (e.g. generation. The region remains to be a
Hippo roller) will be introduced, especially in geothermal energy supplier to the Luzon
hinterland barangays to save time and effort. Grid. Investments in other RE projects will
be continuously explored to lower power
Introduce volumetric and raw water cost and gain a more reliable supply. The
pricing. Volumetric pricing of water region supports the national government
is a way of saving water in irrigation initiatives for massive investments,
systems by promoting equity in the use and will fast track the implementation
of irrigation water among farmers and of infrastructure projects to improve

power generation. In particular, it will: Subsector Outcome 4: Effective,
(a) accelerate and streamline the business efficient, interconnected, and affordable
processes for energy projects; (b) harmonize communication facilities and services
the transmission development plan with RE
targets, and address potential grid reliability Implement ICT master plans and
concerns with the scaling of variable RE roadmaps. The implementation of the
resources; and (c) advance RE development National ICT Ecosystem Framework
efforts, including implementation of off-grid (NICTEF) will contribute to the realization
RE development. Priority projects include of an equitable, inclusive, and sustainable
the solar and wind project in missionary development for the nation. Envisioned
areas, such as Catanduanes and Masbate. as a ‘living document,’ the NICTEF will
be updated periodically with inputs from
Expand energy access. The NEA will stakeholders on the latest plans, programs
continue to intensify its electrification and projects, including indicators,
programs especially in the rural areas to accomplishments, outcomes and results
achieve 100 percent energization rate. The of the roadmaps. The NGAs and LGUs are
region supports the national government expected to participate in the implementation
initiatives to: (a) ensure the appropriateness, of the NICTEF by submitting their initiatives
feasibility, and sustainability of projects that support the objective of the framework
involving new or emerging technologies and by conducting periodic regional
for missionary electrification; (b) tap ECs consultations and advocacy activities.
regional technical evaluators to complement
the manpower of NEA in facilitating Implement the Cyber Security Plan. The
evaluation of electrification projects; and National Cyber Security Plan 2022 aims
(c) provide technical and financial support to ensure continuous operation of the
to NEA and ECs in total electrification nation’s critical info-structures, as well as
which will include improvement public and military networks. It provides
of its distribution system facilities. for cyber resiliency measures to enhance
the nation’s ability to respond to threats
Reduce electricity rates. Competition will and to effectively coordinate with law
be encouraged to drive down electricity enforcement agencies and cybersecurity-
rates. In particular, the government will: educated society. LGUs will be encouraged
(a) strengthen the competitive selection to incorporate cybersecurity measures in
process in securing bilateral power supply their info-structures and cascade necessary
contracts; (b) remove VAT on system loss details and information to promote a cyber-
charges; (c) revisit rules and regulations on safe environment. In the remaining plan
cross-ownership between retail electricity period, training activities will be continued
suppliers and generation companies or to develop a wider pool of cybersecurity
distribution utilities to foster transparency experts to assist in the prevention of threats.
and promote fair competition in the Likewise, digital parenting seminars will
implementation of the retail competition be conducted with the participation of the
and open access; and (d) restudy the government, individuals, business and
pricing methodology as prescribed by supply chains, and critical info-structures.
Electric Power Industry Reform Act.

Intensify interconnectivity among Camarines Sur, Catanduanes, and Masbate.
government offices. The establishment The Accelerated Fiber Build component
of basic infrastructure under the of the NBP will strengthen broadband
E-Government Master Plan (EGMP) 2.0 in government-owned sites, such as
for 2016-2022 will be continued through government offices, education and health
the Integrated Government Philippines institutions, among others, through the
(iGovPhil) project that includes GovNet, establishment of the middle-mile and
Government Data Center (GDC), last-mile fiber optic cable infrastructure.
Government Cloud (GovCloud) and
Security. These infrastructures are the GDCs Redevelop postal service delivery. The
and fiber optic networks to interconnect proposed re-engineering of the postal
government offices and provide high- system will provide better delivery of
speed communication and sharing of services to the public. The PhilPost Roadmap
tasks and data. Software includes online to 2020 envisions a universal delivery
security tools, services and applications for service provider of communications, goods,
use by government agencies and citizens. and payment in every Filipino community.
Expand internet coverage and increase Subsector Outcome 5: Adequate, safe,

cell sites. Defining and identifying the accessible and cost-effective social
“isolated and underserved” communities infrastructure facilities and services
will be done prior to expanding internet
coverage and installation of additional Address the existing infrastructure
cell sites in areas where signal is poor or deficit in the education sector to make
totally absent. These include schools that the classroom environment conducive to
are not yet fully equipped with computing learning. The BEFF will be sustained and
devices to access the internet and help expanded, especially in areas where they
students become digitally literate. The are most needed. School buildings will be
NBP will be implemented to: (a) activate provided with complimentary facilities,
dark fiber through Dense Wavelength such as power, ICT, water and sanitation
Division Multiplexing (DWDM) System in facilities. DPWH and DepEd will jointly
the Daraga NGCP station, Sta. Magdalena enforce policies and guidelines on the
NGCP station, and Labo NGCP station; (b) implementation of BEFF and strengthen
connect NGCP station to the nearest DICT coordination to ensure that school buildings
point-of-presence (POP) station; (c) connect and classrooms built and rehabilitated are
free wifi for all National Broadband Line; disaster-resilient and are consistent with
(d) connect NGAs/LGUs along the path of existing standards. Moreover, capable
NGCP to DICT POP station if possible; and LGUs will be allowed to implement school-
(e) expand GovNet to other NGAs/LGUs building programs. To avoid the use of
within Legazpi City. The National Fiber schools as evacuation centers during
Backbone component of the NBP will ensure calamities and the consequent displacement
that existing fiber assets of NGCP are able to of students and disruption of classes, the
deliver broadband services. The Accelerated LGUs will use the local DRRM fund to
Tower Build component targets to construct build evacuation centers in accordance with
approximately 50,000 telecommunication DILG MC 122, s. 2018. During calamities,
towers with target locations in Albay, the QRF of DepEd will be utilized to

quickly restore damaged school buildings. permits and licenses will be accelerated and
streamlined. Government requirements and
Increase investments for health facility processes in delivery of housing programs
development. The Philippine Health Facility will be harmonized. Subsidies and grants to
Development Plan 2017-2022 will serve as bring down payments and cost of titling and
guide to ensure the rational allocation of installation of infrastructure services onsite
government investments for health facility will be provided. Basic infrastructure support
development. The private sector, which to resettlement sites will be integrated.
is mandated to support the functioning
of health service delivery networks, will Provide assistance to LGUs in complying
contribute by establishing new health facilities with the requirements of RA 9003 or the
and expanding existing ones. Proper waste Ecological Solid Waste Management Act.
management systems (hospital, toxic, and LGUs will be encouraged to form clusters
solid waste) will be integrated in the plans in building common SLFs and incentives
of all proposed and existing health facilities. will be provided to host LGUs of SLFs
not in my backyard (NIMB). The DENR-
Facilitate the implementation of housing EMB, in coordination with the NSWMC,
programs and projects. The use of will pursue the adoption of alternative
government idle lands for socialized housing technologies, including waste-to-energy
projects will be promoted, and the titling technologies. The government will study
of lands identified for socialized housing the re-institutionalization of the NG-LGU
will be facilitated. The approval of housing cost sharing scheme for SWM programs.
Legislative Agenda
Table 19.12 Legislative Agenda to Accelerate Infrastructure Development

1. Creation of the Department of Water The creation of a Department of Water will address the fragmented water
administration in the country towards making the Philippines water-secure.
2. Amendment of Electric Power
Industry Reform Act (EPIRA)
provisions, such as:
a. Chapter 1, Section 2. Under a privatized and deregulated power sector, the ERC must ensure that
Declaration of Policy and consumers are being charged fairly and reasonably.
Section 25. Retail Rate
b. Chapter 5, Section 47. NPC Reduce to a reasonable 40 percent inward remittance to encourage more
Privatization foreign investors
c. Implementing Rules and Consider the effects of inflation. While the price of electricity is increasing, the
Regulations Rule 9, Section 4. financial benefits of host communities remain at PHP 0.01/kwh of the total
Nature of Benefits Provided electricity sales.
under Energy Regulations 1-94

20
Ensuring Ecological
Integrity, Clean and
Healthy Environment
Chapter 20
Ensuring Ecological Integrity,

Clean and Healthy Environment
Ecological integrity and a clean and healthy environment are keys to
sustainable development. Improving environmental condition, and creating
resilient ecosystems and communities are critical to achieving societal goal
towards laying down the foundation for inclusive growth, a high-trust and
resilient society, and a globally competitive economy. The Bicol RDP 2017-
2022 identifies more aggressive strategies towards sustaining the functions
of ecosystem services, improving environmental quality, and increasing
the adaptive capacity and resiliency of the ecosystem and communities.

Environment and Natural Resources (e) maintenance and operationalization
(ENR) condition enhanced. In 2017, a of MMFN; and (f) maintenance of six
total of 27,577 hectares of forest lands, of established Seed Production Areas (SPAs)
which 7,793 hectares are mangrove areas, situated in each province in the region.
were maintained and protected. The biggest
new plantation developed in the region Forest protection and anti-illegal logging
is in the province of Camarines Sur with activities were intensified through the
6,798 hectares. In 2018 however, the area conduct of surveillance activities within
planted decreased from 19,784 to 9,433 the forest lands for early detection of
hectares of forest lands due to the lack of illegal cutting activities. The LAWIN
Forest Extension Officers. The second year Forest Biodiversity Protection System
implementation of the Enhanced National provided a systematic monitoring tool in
Greening Program (ENGP) included the the implementation of forest protection
following activities: (a) survey, mapping, activities within timberland and protected
and planning and identification of 14,804 areas. A total of 20,622.37 km of forest areas
hectares; (b) production of 3.71 million were tracked leading to the apprehension
seedlings of various species (coffee, cacao and hauling of 444.2 cubic meters of
and fruit trees) and 6.32 million timber and undocumented forest products from CY
indigenous trees under the Mechanized 2017-2018. Other activities include forest
and Modernized Forest Nursery (MMFN); fire, pest and disease management measures
(c) site preparation of 9,391 hectares of resulting to the establishment 10,725 hectares
established plantations and planting of of fire lines within ENGP plantations; and
7.40 million seedlings of various species; appraisal of 26 foreshore leases, friar lands,
(d) maintenance and protection of patrimonial lands, and other government
42,763 hectares established plantations; assets and properties that resulted to a total
Chapter 20 Ensuring Ecological Integrity, Clean and Healthy Environment | 249

revenue collection of PhP6.57 million. habitats outside the National Integrated
Protected Areas System (NIPAS) provided
The 19 Protected Area Management Boards the baseline data on coastal and marine
ensured the management and protection of resources. Mangrove forests, seagrass
biodiversity in the protected areas (PAs) of beds and coral reefs, as well as the current
the region. Policy guidelines concerning condition of each habitat were assessed.
PAs are necessary for proper intervention Two MPA networks were established in the
to address threat issues in these areas. provinces of Camarines Sur and Camarines
Norte to protect and restore degraded
For the management of caves and cave coastal and marine habitats essential to
resources, the DENR, in collaboration the survival of depleted and endangered
with LGUs, identified caves within their species. The island of Dampalit, also known
administrative jurisdiction. The Regional as the Dampalit Sea Snake Island in San
Cave Committee (RCC) reviewed and Pascual, Masbate, was assessed by the
determined the classification of caves DENR Region 5. The assessment showed
in the region to ascertain its ecological, that the overall mangrove condition in the
archeological, historical, cultural, and socio- area is excellent, while the condition of sea
economic values; determine its appropriate grasses is poor, and the coral reef is in poor
sustainable use; and determine the to fair condition. In 2017, a total of 7,530
proper strategies for conservation and for hectares of coral reefs and 4,992 hectares
formulating an effective management plan. of mangrove forests and seagrass beds
A total of 38 caves were recommended by the were mapped in selected municipalities
RCC, wherein nine caves are Class I, 26 caves in Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur and
are Class II, and three caves are Class III. Sorsogon, wherein only about 15 percent
of the coral reefs and 20 percent of the
In 2019, the DENR completed the inventory mangrove and sea grasses have potentials
and mapping of inland wetlands that will for ecotourism. In 2018, a total of 1,555.28
ensure its conservation. The mapping hectares of coral reefs and 3,160.69 hectares
included a detailed identification of flora of seagrass and mangrove forests were
and fauna, biological resources inventory, assessed and mapped in the municipalities
socio-economic profiling of the households in Ticao Island and five selected coastal
surrounding the area, and survey of the lakes. municipalities of Balud, Cawayan,
Mandaon, Milagros and Mobo, Masbate.
The Marine Protected Area (MPA)
Network, one of the components of Land administration and management
the Coastal and Marine Ecosystems has improved, wherein a total of 7,220
Management Program (CMEMP) was residential free patents and 1,782
established in Ticao Island, Masbate with agricultural free patents were reviewed,
strong support from the local government supervised and monitored during the
units of Batuan, Monreal, San Fernando year, covering an area of 144.42 and
and San Jacinto. The MPA Networking 1,956.72 hectares, respectively. For the
approach has gained community acceptance titling of government lands, 61 patents
and conserved local-scale fisheries. were issued with an area of 6.19 hectares.
The assessment and mapping of coastal On mineral lands administration, two

Minahang Bayan areas situated in Aroroy, Environmental policies were enforced.
Masbate and in Paracale, Camarines Norte There are three (3) fixed manual ambient
were declared in 2018. The Minahang air monitoring stations located in Legazpi
Bayan areas ensured responsible mining City, Naga City and Iriga City that measure
and eliminated small-scale illegal mining Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) and
in the region. The enforcement of operation Particulate Matter (PM). Differential
“Pagsasara ng Minahan” was undertaken Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS)
in Barangay Casalugan, Paracale, in Legazpi City and Particulate Matter
Camarines Norte. Another closure System (PMS) in Naga City were established
order was issued to Sunfil Asia Mineral as additional ambient monitoring stations.
Resources, Inc. (SAMRI) for failure to show These monitoring stations analyze gases
necessary mining permits. These two law and particulates concentration in real-
enforcement operations resulted in the time. During the period under review, the
confiscation of some equipment, cessation ambient air quality in the region was good
of development works and ore stockpile to fair and there are no sample filters that
estimated at PhP169.15 million, and the exceeded the standard air quality. Regular
filing of appropriate charges in court. air quality monitoring was also conducted
within the areas surrounding Mayon
The MGB closely monitored 15 mining Volcano after it has erupted and spewed
and exploration tenements in accordance out massive harmful gases in January 2018.
with the Mining Industry Development
Program. The Multi-Partite Monitoring Various programs to further improve
Teams of Masbate Gold Project in Aroroy, water quality were implemented. Regular
Masbate; Quarry Cement Plant Project monitoring of the Sagumayon, Salog and
in Palanog, Camalig, Albay; Luklukan Balos Rivers were conducted to enhance
Gold Mining Project in Jose Panganiban, the river conditions under the Sagip-Ilog
Camarines Norte; Rapu-rapu Polymetallic Program while under the Adopt-an-Estero
Project in Rapu-Rapu, Albay; Perlite Mining Program, 39 creeks/rivers were rehabilitated
Project in Lamba, Legazpi City; and Baao and monitored. The Balos and Salog rivers
Perlite Project in Baao, Camarines Sur were have maintained their classification as Class
strengthened to regularly monitor the mining B and Class C waterbodies, respectively, but
sites. Complaints on mining and quarrying the Sagumayon river failed to maintain its
operations were investigated and 10 cease classification as Class C, which means that
and desist orders were issued in Albay (1), the water quality has deteriorated. Under
Camarines Norte (3), Catanduanes (3) and the Recreational Waterbody Monitoring
Camarines Sur (3), for conducting illegal Program, four priority bathing beaches
quarry operations and selling/transporting such as the Subic Liit and Dacu in Sorsogon,
of quarry materials without valid permits, Paniman Bay in Camarines Sur and Tambac
and illegal, small-scale mining practices. Shoreline in Ligao City were monitored.
To promote awareness on responsible Monitoring results showed that maximum
mining, advocacy activities were conducted concentrations of fecal coliform in most of
in coordination with the LGUs, academe, the beaches failed to conform with the DENR
CSOs, religious groups, and the media. water quality criteria. Mitigating measures
should be implemented to ensure the safety
of swimmers, particularly in giving priority
to the proper solid waste management.

In 2018, water quality monitoring Usman, which brought heavy rains in
was conducted in all the waterbodies December 2018 causing severe landslide and
affected by Mayon Volcano eruption. flooding in the provinces of Albay, Camarines
Sur, and Camarines Norte, resulted to 130
In 2018, out of the 114 municipalities and deaths, 89 injured, and 18 missing persons.
cities in the region, 69 are still operating
open dumpsites, 16 are operating controlled As of first quarter of 2019, of the 114
disposal facilities, and three LGUs operate municipalities and cities, 71 have permanent
sanitary landfills. There are 112 LGUs that DRRM officers, and the rest are designated.
have their 10-year SWMP. As of CY 2018, Sixty-eight have also formulated their
there are 816 functional MRFs in the region. respective local DRRM Plans and 18 have
The establishment of MRFs is ongoing updated their respective CLUPs. The lack
which encourages waste segregation. With of permanent local DRRM officers and
this, waste will be minimized and eventually, trained personnel who will manage the
disposal at dump sites will no longer be DRRM operations are among the prevailing
required. Estimates of waste generation issues for several years already, affecting
(domestic waste) in the region reached 1,782 the continuity and quality of DRRM efforts
tons per day and will continue to increase in the respective localities. Not all LGUs
due to the increased population, rapid complied with mainstreaming DRR and
urbanization and consumption patterns. CCA in their CLUP and CDP due to the lack
of capability on the risk assessment process,
In October 2018, the City of Legazpi and on the use of available geospatial
has completed the construction of a information, and lack of appropriately-
septage treatment facility to prevent scaled probabilistic multi-hazard maps.
contamination and pollution of water
resources from septic tank wastes. More Post disaster mechanisms enhanced. To
aggressive interventions are necessary minimize the impacts of calamities to the
to address the issues and concerns on population particularly during the Mayon
solid and liquid waste management. Volcano eruption and the occurrence of
tropical cyclones in the region, various
In 2018, the DENR-EMB issued 340 forms of assistance were provided by the
Environmental Compliance Certificates line agencies, LGUs and private sector
(ECCs) mostly for Sand and Gravel Quarry organizations and individuals. Emergency
projects (105 ECCs) followed by road response teams were deployed and relief
projects (58 ECCs). Among provinces, operations were conducted to support
Albay has the highest issuance of 120 the affected populace. The Post Disaster
ECCs followed by Camarines Sur with 79. Needs Assessment (PDNA) for TC Usman
was completed by the RDRRMC through
Implementation of DRR CCA measures rehabilitation and recovery measures.
strengthened. From 2017-2018, the Office
of Civil Defense (OCD) recorded a total Capacity building, institutional
of 19 incidents that resulted to damage strengthening, and IEC campaigns were
to properties, lifeline and infrastructure pursued. The MGB Region 5, in partnership
facilities, disruption of economic activities with LGUs, conducted the Vulnerability and
and 244 casualties. Tropical cyclone (TC) Risk Assessment (VRA), a process which

determines the nature and extent of Early warning systems (EWS) were
disaster risk by analyzing the hazards established. To strengthen the EWS
and evaluating the vulnerabilities of the and forecasting capability in the region,
communities. The VRA is used as basis in 90 sensors and warning stations were
identifying appropriate interventions to maintained and 22 sirens were installed
address risks that are in the DRRM Plan, in various locations that include the
the CLUP and other development plans of automated rain gauges, automated water
the LGUs. The VRAs of 12 municipalities/ level monitoring stations and automated
cities in the region were conducted. weather station. An SMS-based early
Geohazard maps at the scale of 1:10,000 warning system was operationalized which
were updated. Information, education and sends information on weather forecasts,
communication campaigns and seminars earthquake updates, among other hazard-
on VRA for Local Disaster Risk Reduction related information. As of 2018, a total of
Management Council (LDRRMC) officials five coastal radars were installed in the
of 14 municipalities were conducted. areas of Catanduanes, Caramoan, Malinao,
Coastal geohazard surveys and assessment Matnog, and Allen in Samar which can be
in eleven municipalities were conducted. used to monitor the state of the sea and
strengthen marine forecasting in the region.
Various training and capacity building Information relative to tropical cyclone
activities were conducted such as Incident warnings and other related weather and
Command System Integrated Planning climate forecasting data were disseminated
Course and Building Emergency Evacuation by the Philippine Atmospheric,
Plan Formulation and Drill-Training of Geophysical and Astronomical
Facilitators, to strengthen the capability of Services Administration (PAGASA).
duty-bearers in responding to emergencies.
The City of Legazpi implemented the Risk assessment, database and
Environmental Protection, Flood Control information management system, and
and Disaster Mitigation Program to the communication and coordination
improve flood management in the area. mechanisms across levels are among the
concerns that need to be strengthened.
The Bicol region remains among the top The individual and community’s capacity
awardees for the Gawad KAlamidad at to respond to emergencies must be
Sakuna LAbanan SAriling Galing ang intensified. The need to harmonize DRR-
Kaligtasan (KALASAG), a recognition CCA PAPs across government units, and
scheme given to individuals and groups to enhance the system of mainstreaming
who have demonstrated excellence and DRR-CCA in all aspects of development
have made exemplary contributions in the planning processes should be addressed.
field of DRRM and humanitarian assistance.
In 2018 alone during the 20th Gawad The region is faced with various
KALASAG, the BRTTH was awarded the environmental issues and challenges.
first place under the national government The implementation of the ENGP for
hospital category. The Socio Pastoral Action instance, encounters problems such as
Center Foundation of Daet, Camarines unstable peace and order situation in
Norte was among the finalists under some far-flung areas, inaccessibility,
the civil society organization category. presence of illegal settlers/claimants, and

resistance of some upland farmers to marine resources, and mineral resources
plant certain commodities/species/forest in the region.
trees in ENGP sites with preference for
coconuts, abaca and agricultural crops. The region will remain committed
Convergence program with the DA, DTI, to improve the adaptive capacity and
and Cooperative Development Authority resilience of Bicolanos. But because of
is necessary to train ENGP beneficiaries the increasing intensity and frequency
on value-adding and marketing of of weather events due to climate change,
agricultural produce from ENGP farms. increasing the adaptive capacity and
resiliency of the region will remain a big
There is also a need to strengthen the challenge. Efforts need to be heightened
protection and proper management of to a level that will safeguard, not only the
the forest and watershed, coastal and lives of Bicolanos, but also the economy.
Action Plan
Ensuring ecological integrity, clean and a globally competitive economy. By
healthy environment will contribute to 2022, the following subsector outcomes
enhancing the social fabric or “Malasakit”; should have been achieved: (a) sustained
reducing inequality or “Pagbabago”; and functioning of ecosystem services; (b)
increasing growth potential or “Patuloy environmental quality improved, and (c)
na Pag-unlad” towards laying down the adaptive capacity and resiliency of the
the foundation for inclusive growth, ecosystem and the communities improved.
a high-trust and resilient society, and
Targets
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 aims to: (1) increase the number of reviewed Climate
crease the number of residential free pat- Change (CC)/DRRM-enhanced plans;
ents; (2) increase number of agricultur- (6) increase forest cover; (7) improve the
al free patents; (3) increase the number quality of coastal and marine habitats; (8)
of titled government lands; (4) improve increase the number of municipalities
the percentage of priority water bodies with sanitary landfills; and (9) increase
within water quality guidelines; (5) in- number of LGUs with updated CLUPs.

Strategic Framework
Figure 20.1 Strategic Framework to Ensure Ecological Integrity, Clean and Healthy
Environment, 2017-2022
Strategies
The following strategies will be pursued, are needed from all stakeholders to
but with intensified PAPs to help achieve enhance forest ecosystem services
the sub-sector outcomes and address the including mangrove, coastal,
challenges presented above. marine, and mineral resources of the
region. Monitoring the effectiveness
Subsector Outcome 1. Functioning of of protected area management,
ecosystem services sustained including the development of standard
framework and methodology for data
■ Promote sustainable management collection, and assessment of ecosystem
of resources by adopting integrated condition, will be strengthened.
ecosystem management or the ridge-
to-reef approach. The ENR condition ■ Forest and Watershed. Strengthen
of the region will be improved by programs to rehabilitate degraded forest
aggressively implementing programs lands including critical watersheds,
to reverse the downward trend of the and continue efforts to protect the
regions’ forest cover. Concerted efforts remaining natural forests. This will be

supported by enforcing the laws on the use and production of
protecting and conserving the existing coastal and marine resources will
ecosystem particularly its biodiversity be strengthened by increasing the
to ensure the sustainability of the forest accountability of enforcement agencies
services. Major PAPs will include the and authorities, providing capacity
e-NGP, agro-forestry development, building activities, and providing
forest resource assessment, watershed additional funds and equipment. The
management, forest land use planning, PAPs will include the Coastal and
anti-illegal logging campaigns, Marine Ecosystems Management
biodiversity conservation and Program, Eastern Seaboard Coastal
protection through the LAWIN System Resources Projects, Coastal Resource
2, land administration management Management Projects along Burias
system, and updating of CLUPs and Pass, Establishment of Marine
zoning ordinances at the local level. Protected Area/Marine Protected
Areas Networking, Development of
The objective of the e-NGPs must be Bio-diversity Friendly Enterprises
reviewed to provide opportunities (BDFE), among others. The completion
for communities to engage in social of these projects will help improve the
enterprises and sustainable livelihoods quality of coastal and marine habitats.
that can help reduce poverty in the
uplands. The implementation of the Mineral Resources. The integrity of
e-NGP must be backed up by convergence mineral resources in the region will
mechanisms with the DA, DTI, and be sustained, and the management
DOST in marketing and value adding and protection of mineral resources
interventions for agricultural crops will be strengthened by adopting
planted by farmers in most ENGP sites. responsible mining practices. Among
the PAPs that will safeguard the
Biodiversity Conservation. The integrity of the environment and
enactment of RA 11038 or the mining-affected communities are (a)
e-NIPAS will strengthen biodiversity establishment of Minahang Bayan;
conservation in the region. There (b) enforcement of regulations
are two new PAs declared under RA on the safety and environmental
11038, the Ticao-Burias Pass Seascape standards on mining; and (c) conduct
and the Buhi Wildlife Sanctuary. of capacity building activities and
The PAPs in the management plans awareness raising campaigns,
of the 19 PAs in the region will be particularly for small scale miners.
rigorously implemented for habitat
conservation and rehabilitation, Wetlands and Caves. The management
diversity, and management. of wetlands and caves, especially
those with high conservation value,
Coastal and Marine. Coastal and will be intensified, including effective
marine ecosystem services will be communication of sustainable
expanded through the implementation practices and enforcement
of new coastal resources projects. of biodiversity regulations.
Enforcement of laws and regulations

Subsector Outcome 2. Environmental ensure land quality. Activities such as
quality Improved capacity building for LGUs on planning
and management of land resources, as
■ Strict enforcement of environmental well as integration of SLM into sectoral,
policies. Enforcement of existing national and local development plans
environmental policies will be will be prioritized. Compliance of
implemented especially at the local LGUs to RA 9003 will be enforced. The
level to avoid further deterioration of preparation and implementation of
the environmental quality in the region. SWMPs of all LGUs will be monitored,
which includes the establishment of
Air Quality Management. RA 8749 or MRF and sanitary landfills. Hazardous
the Clean Air Act will continue to be and toxic waste management will be
strictly enforced. Air quality monitoring improved through regular monitoring
stations in the region will be upgraded on the compliance of hazardous
and increased, and the capacity of waste generators to RA 6969 or the
laboratories will be enhanced. To Toxic Substances and Hazardous and
further improve air quality monitoring Nuclear Wastes Control Act. The
and assessment, the following programs establishment and operationalization
will be strengthened: (1) industry self- of the Regional Ecology Center (REC)
regulation programs; (2) prohibition will provide technical expertise,
of open burning of wastes; (3) anti- information, training, and networking
smoke belching operations; (4) services for the implementation
regulation on the use of biomass fuel of the provisions of RA 9003.
in industrial plants; and (5) adopting
the best available technologies (BAT) ■ Promote sustainable consumption and
and best environmental practices (BEP) production (SCP). The SCP seeks to
in reducing the criteria pollutants. promote and uplift the human and social
The promotion of environmentally- well-being of people through activities
sustainable transport, including that do not compromise the quality
the mass transport system, use of and ability of the natural environment
cleaner fuels, and conversion to fuel- to regenerate. The SCP action plan
efficient engines, will also be pursued. will be implemented through feasible
programs for sustainable harvest of
Water Quality Management. RA natural resources and preservation of
9275 or the Clean Water Act will environmental quality. Policies will be
be enforced. Implementation of formulated, directed to households and
various programs to improve water firms as economic agents to create an
quality will be pursued to include the economy that adheres to sustainable
Sagip-Ilog Program, Adopt an Estero consumption and production.
Program, Beach Eco-watch Program, Effective incentive mechanisms will
Industrial Eco-watch Program, and be identified and implemented so
Ground Water Resource Assessment. that households and firms will be
able to form habits and practices that
Land Quality Management. Sustainable are green and sustainable. The PAPs
land management (SLM) is the key to may include establishing sustainable

markets for recyclables and recycled ✓ Strengthen EWS. The installation
products, adoption of appropriate and maintenance of new and existing
waste management technology, clean EWS will be strengthened with the
production technology, clean energy collaboration between the LGUs
sources, eco-friendly industries, and implementing agencies. These
and adoption of green technology. EWS can easily be understood by the
community, especially the PWDs.
Subsector Outcome 3. Improved adaptive
capacity and resiliency of the ecosystem ✓ Improve database and information
and communities management systems. Database on
disaster and climate change-related
To ensure that adaptive capacities and information will be improved to
the resiliency of Bicolanos will improve, include geospatial information
strengthening the implementation and risk assessment results. Up-to-
of CCAM, and pre and post disaster date information must be readily
interventions will be adopted. The available, and should be accessed
vulnerability reduction strategies identified by concerned agencies/LGUs
in the Bicol RSDF will be adopted across for planning purposes. A clear
sectors to address disaster and climate risks. policy on accessing and sharing
Activities that aim to reduce vulnerabilities, Climate Change Adaptation
and strengthening the physical, social, and Mitigation (CCAM) and
economic, and environmental capacities DRRM data will be formulated
of the region, will be prioritized. (Refer consistent with the provisions of
to Chapters 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 19) EO 2 on Freedom of Information.
■ Strengthen implementation of ✓ Strengthen the monitoring and

DRRM-CCAM measures. The evaluation of the effectiveness
implementation of DRRM-CCAM of CC and DRRM actions.
measures will be strengthened from the Monitoring mechanisms to
regional to local level. In particular, the measure the implementation and
following strategies will be undertaken: effectiveness of DRRM and CCAM
initiatives will be strengthened
✓ Enhance risk assessment to include the utilization of
process. Risk assessment process DRRM funds. Identification of
including hazard identification appropriate indicators to measure
and vulnerability analysis will be adaptive capacity and resilience,
enhanced across levels. To the and development of database to
extent possible, a probabilistic measure reduction of greenhouse
approach using geospatial gas emission will be explored.
information will be adopted.
The results will be integrated in ✓ Continue capacity building,
various development plans and institutional strengthening, and
policies to identify appropriate IEC campaigns. The capacities of
interventions to address the risks. individuals, groups, and institutions

will be strengthened, especially ✓ Continue to mainstream CCAM
among those who have the and DRRM in national and
direct engagement and prime local development plans and
responsibilities provided for policies. Government at all
under RA 10121 and RA 9729 in levels will be informed of the
the following areas: climate and latest CC projection and risk and
disaster risk assessment; rapid and vulnerability assessment to identify
post-disaster needs assessment; appropriate interventions and
community-based planning; camp avoid inappropriate adaptation
management, search and rescue, measures. Existing financing
and CCAM options. Efforts of schemes and auditing systems
the regional and local key players will be revisited to support
in advocating and cascading RA CCAM and DRRM priorities.
10121 and RA 9729, and other Preparation of contingency
guidelines must be harmonized plans for all types of hazards (i.e
and strengthened. The local geophysical, hydrometeorological,
DRRMOs and local PPDOs will biological and climatological)
be encouraged to work closely will be promoted to ensure the
with each other to strengthen the readiness of the government to
mainstreaming of DRR-CCA in respond in case of emergencies.
development planning. The IEC
campaigns including materials for ✓ Promote climate and disaster-
distribution will be developed to the resilient structures and designs
level that can be easily understood following established measures
by community members. and standards. Retrofitting and
construction of climate-smart and
✓ Strengthen alliance and disaster resilient infrastructures and
partnership between CSOs, facilities will be pursued, especially
community volunteers and in hazard-prone areas and ECAs.
private sectors. The importance
of working harmoniously with ✓ Adopt community-based DRR-
various sectors of society is vital CCA approach. Adoption of
to the development process of the community-based DRR-CCA
region. Alliance building between approach will be taken into
and among CSOs, volunteers and consideration to reduce the
private sectors will be supported vulnerabilities and increase the
to increase adaptive capacity of the adaptive capacities of the at-risk
different sectors. These alliances will communities. The participation
be tapped especially in responding of vulnerable groups such as
to emergencies. Private sector children, differently-abled persons,
players, particularly MSMEs and and women in all stages of the
cooperatives, will be encouraged to disaster management process, will
prepare business continuity plans be encouraged to ensure that their
to ensure continuous operations concerns are heard and considered.
despite severe crisis or disasters.

✓ Promote sustainable and RE provide the bases for a P/RDNA.
source. To help combat climate In addition, there will be capacity-
change and reduce air pollution, the building programs for concerned
use of sustainable and RE sources agencies in the conduct of P/RDNA,
will be promoted and explored including inventory and assessment
to include the use of solar and of damaged natural resources.
wind energy. (Refer to Chapter 19) Enhancing R/PNDA processes
will be emphasized to ensure
■ Enhance post-disaster mechanism. that appropriate interventions
The “build back better” principle are provided to rightful
will be the overarching principle beneficiaries. The localization of
in the implementation of post- PDNA process will be explored.
disaster interventions particularly
in rehabilitation and recovery. To ✓ Enhance reporting and
ensure that appropriate and prompt communication mechanism.
delivery of response and recovery Vertical and horizontal reporting
interventions are provided, the and communication mechanisms
response and recovery mechanism will be enhanced to address
of the region will be strengthened. information and communication
gaps from local to regional levels,
✓ Strengthen mechanisms for the especially during disasters.
conduct of post or rapid disaster One region-one information
needs assessment (P/RDNA). policy may be adopted by
Nationwide vulnerability and risk establishing the reporting
assessment will be completed to and communication protocol.

Legislative Agenda
The proposed legislative agenda to ensure ecological integrity, clean and
healthy environment are presented in Table 20.1.
Table 20.1. Legislative Agenda to Ensure Ecological Integrity, Clean and Healthy
Environment
Amendments to the Water Code Provide a legal framework for the institutionalization and operationalization
of integrated water resources management to respond to current trends and
challenges such as climate variability affecting water supply and availability,
and to address institutional gaps and weaknesses.
Amendments to the Comprehensive Review and amend RA 9003 to include the creation of a Solid Waste
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act Management unit and the appointment of Environment and Natural Resource
of 2000 Officer in each LGU; Provide incentive mechanism to local recycling industries
to encourage their continued participation in the local SWM system.
Banning Single-Use Plastic Support the bills banning single-use plastics to address plastic pollution that
affects other resources especially the water and ocean environment.
National Building Code Review and update the building code to include green building standards.
National Land Use Act Rationalize land use planning in the country, consolidate national laws on land
use, and address long-standing land use conflicts.
Strengthening the Philippine Environmental Strengthen the Environmental Impact Statement System as a planning and
Assessment System monitoring tool - this will ensure that possible environmental consequences
of policies, plans and programs are fully-accounted for at the earliest stage of
decision-making.

21
Ensuring Safe, Orderly,
and Regular Migration
Chapter 21
Ensuring Safe, Orderly, and

Regular Migration
Based on the country’s long-term vision or the Ambisyon Natin 2040, 88
percent of Filipinos believe that it is good for the country if the citizens will
stay in the country instead of going abroad for work. Likewise, 70 percent
of the respondents prefer to work in the country, given there is no difference
in income or salary. Still, the dispersion of Filipinos in other countries
continues to increase, with forecast of about 30 million OFWs in 2040.
This counts only the OFWs and does not reflect the entire picture of OFs.
This chapter provides the strategies that will ensure safe, orderly, and regular
migration, as the country embraces the growing demand, and efficiently
responds to the challenges of international migration and development.

According to the Commission on Filipinos left the country to take up permanent
Overseas (CFO), there are 2.097 million residence in another country, state, or
registered Filipino emigrants from 1988 territory. The POEA recorded about
to 2018, with 1.63 percent or 34,147 14,000 deployed new hires from the Bicol
coming from the Bicol region (Figure region from 2015-2017 (Figure 21.2).
21.1). Filipino emigrants are those who
Figure 21.1. Number of Registered Figure 21.2. Number of Deployed New

Emigrants by Province of Origin Hires by Province of Origin in
in the Bicol Region, 1988-2018 the Bicol Region, 2015-2017
Source: CFO Source: POEA
Chapter 21 Ensuring Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration | 265

A standardized framework on OSSCO. Further, the use of online systems
international migration data was for processing and registration facilitates
institutionalized. The PSA Board efficient and cost-effective delivery of
issued Resolution Nos. 7 and 8 in 2017, services. However, one big setback to fully
approving and adopting the amended operationalize these structures is the lack
operational framework for counting of a centralized database on migrants.
OFs and international migrants and the
concepts and definitions on internal and Social protection of OFs was enhanced. For
international migration for statistical the past two years, several legislations were
purposes, respectively. Furthermore, a key enacted to strengthen the social protection of
milestone in improving migration statistics OFs, namely: (a) RA 11223 or the Universal
is the conduct of the first National Migration Health Care Act which institutionalizes
Survey (NMS) in 2018 to address the need for health care for all Filipinos through the
in-depth and baseline data on the mobility NHIP; (b) RA 11199 or the Social Security
of Filipinos, both internal and international. Act which mandates compulsory coverage
of OFWs in the SSS to promote social justice
Access to government services was made through savings and social protection
easier for OFWs. To provide a citizen- against hazards or contingencies; and (c)
centered, clean, and efficient public service RA 11299 or the Social Welfare Attaché
delivery, government services for OFWs Act amending RA 8042 which mandates
were made more accessible through the the DSWD to deploy social welfare attachés
creation of migrant resource centers (SWAs) to address the needs of distressed
(MRCs), local migration and development OFs. From 2018 to June 2019, the DSWD
councils (CMD), and OFW help desks. As Region 5 served 94 clients (Tables 21.1 and
of 2019, the Bicol region has two One-Stop 21.2). Services provided include referral
Service Centers for OFWs (OSSCOs) and to Sustainable Livelihood Program (SLP),
two MRCs located in the cities of Naga and medical assistance, educational assistance,
Tabaco, while 75 LGUs entered into MOA burial assistance, transportation assistance,
with the OWWA on the establishment of home visits, psychosocial services, referral
OFW help desks. In 2018, the Bicol CMD to Recovery and Reintegration Program
issued a resolution to deploy permanent for Trafficked Persons, and referral to
employees of concerned agencies in other agencies for other interventions.
Table 21.1. Number of Clients Served by Table 21.2. Clients Served per Category,
Province, 2018 - June 2019 2018-June 2019
NUMBER OF CATEGORY NUMBER OF
PROVINCE
CLIENTS CLIENTS
Albay 55 Trafficking in Person (TIP) 3
Camarines Sur 15 Victim survivor of abuse/maltreatment 11

Victim survivor of unfair labor practice/ 74
Camarines Norte 5
mistreatment
Catanduanes 7 Medical/ health problems 4
Masbate 5 Accused/ suspected/ with criminal 1
charges
Sorsogon 7
Documentary-related problems 1
Total 94 Total 94
Source: DSWD 5, International Social Service Office

While the coverage of health and social Interventions to make information more
security benefits have been expanded, the accessible to OFWs were initiated. The
challenge of pursuing active membership enactment of RA 11227 or the Handbook
of OFWs through their continuous for OFWs Act will provide sufficient
payment of premium contributions information on M&D throughout the
once deployed abroad, remain. The migration cycle. The handbook will
SSS is working together with the Joint serve as a reference for OFWs regarding
Committee composed of the Department their rights and responsibilities,
of Foreign Affairs (DFA) and DOLE, to government programs, conditions in host
ensure the compulsory coverage of OFWs. countries, costs and benefits of working
overseas, and reintegration strategies.
Measures to ensure security and safety
of OFs were expanded. Anti-trafficking The Bicol CMD and migrant-serving
measures have been vigorously enforced. agencies and organizations in the region
The Philippines has been categorized in the conducted regular meetings, round table
US Index on Trafficking in Persons (TIP) as discussions, orientations, workshops, and
Tier 1 since 2016, reflecting the government’s capacity building activities; participated
serious and sustained efforts to convict and in inter-agency events such as caravans
punish traffickers, identify victims through and migrant-related celebrations;
proactive screening procedures, and expand and passed policy recommendations
efforts to prevent trafficking of OFWs. addressing migration issues.
The Bicol CMD, in partnership with the Financial inclusion initiatives were
City Governments of Legazpi, Naga, implemented to channel more remittance
Sorsogon, and Tabaco, conducted the flows into savings and investments. Based
Capacity Building Workshop for Bicol Local on the Consumer Expectations Survey
Government Authorities and Stakeholders (CES) released in September 2019, the
on Crisis Preparedness, Response, and percentage of OFWs in areas outside of NCR
Recovery Involving Migrants on March who apportioned savings from remittances
4 to 6, 2019. The activity intended to slightly decreased from 32.75 percent in 2017
develop a tailored migrant-centered crisis/ to 28.42 percent in 2018. For the first three
contingency plan for each LGU participant quarters in 2019, it was at 26.67 percent only.
in response to the call to establish a Local
Migrants in Countries in Crisis (MICIC) Financial education programs for OFs
guidelines. The MICIC Initiative was and their families are mainstreamed in
launched to improve the protection of the different services of migrant-serving
migrants when the countries in which agencies and organizations. The OWWA,
they live, work, study, transit, or travel to, BSP, and Banco De Oro (BDO) Foundation
experience a conflict or natural disaster. launched the Pinansyal na Talino at
In addition, the POEA conducts regular Kaalaman (PiTaKa) program in February
orientation on Anti-Illegal Recruitment 2019 to promote the culture of savings and
and executes MOA with LGUs in the investment for future reintegration in the
Bicol region to combat illegal recruitment. country. The MRCs, PESO, and local CMDs
in the region conduct financial learning
campaigns during pre-migration orientation
seminars and pre-departure orientation

seminars. The DepEd, under the was operationalized to strengthen and
School-Based Program for Children harmonize the reintegration programs and
and Families of OFs, conducts financial services provided by various stakeholders.
literacy programs as part of values
formation and capacity building activities. As part of the overall implementation
of the CORP, the CORP framework
Initiatives to engage OFs in the country’s was incorporated in the Handbook for
development were reinforced. RA 11035 Reintegration Counselling. On November 6
or the Balik Scientist Act encourages and 7, 2019, the OWWA Bicol and NRCO
Filipino scientists, technologists, and conducted the Duty bearers Training on
experts to return to the country and Reintegration Counselling to capacitate
to share their expertise to promote partner agencies and organizations in
scientific, agro-industrial, and economic the concept of reintegration counselling.
development. (Refer to Chapter 14)
The OWWA-NRCO offers two types of
Mechanisms to harmonize and streamline reintegration programs: (a) Balik-Pinas!
the repatriation and reintegration Balik-Hanapbuhay! (BPBH) Program which
of OFs were instituted. The OWWA, offers livelihood opportunities to OFWs
through its attached agency, the NRCO, who want to stay in the country for good;
promotes sustainable return and and (b) OFW Enterprise Development
reintegration of returning OFs to enable and Loan Program (EDLP) which is a loan
them to maximize the gains of overseas facility in partnership with Landbank of
employment, mitigate the social costs the Philippines and Development Bank
of migration, and cushion the impact of of the Philippines to support enterprise
forced repatriation due to unexpected development among OFWs and their
events. In 2018, the Comprehensive families. Table 21.3 shows the performance
OFW Reintegration Program (CORP) of OWWA for the BPBH and EDLP.
Table 21.3 Number of Bicolano Beneficiaries Served, OFW Reintegration Programs,

2017 and 2018
2017 2018
PROGRAM AMOUNT AMOUNT

NO. OF NO. OF
RELEASED RELEASED
BENEFICIARIES BENEFICIARIES
(IN MILLION) (IN MILLION)
BPBH 1,599 27.840 1,951 37.5
EDLP
Phase 1 and 2 (Enhanced EDT and Demo 1,044 0.157 1186 0.157
Farm Visitation)
Phase 3 (Demo Farm/ Bus.Estab. 231 0.067 456 0.067
Visitation, Coaching/Cliniquing)
Source: OWWA-NRCO

The DOH regulates medical clinics providing (GEAR-UP) Program in 2017. It is a
Pre-Employment Medical Examinations stepladder reintegration preparedness
(PEME) and extends medical assistance program for household service workers. In
to repatriated OFs due to illness or crisis August 23, 20148, Atikha in partnership
abroad. Through the Inter-agency Medical with CMD, conducted a Stakeholder
Repatriation Assistance Program (IMRAP), Meeting cum Workshop on Reintegration
institutionalized through DOH AO 2016- Preparedness Programs and Services to
0007 entitled National Policy on the Health raise awareness on GEAR-UP program and
of Migrants and OFs, the DOH broadens map out services of migration stakeholders.
and further advances the promotion
and protection of migrants’ health. The main challenge in ensuring a safe,
orderly, and regular migration is the lack
To strengthen migration governance, a of a centralized database on OFs and their
round-table discussion with the Center families which affects the generation and
for Migrant Advocacy (CMA) Philippines collection of harmonized regional migration
was conducted on July 22, 2019. Among statistics. The Committee on Migration and
the issues identified were (a) difficulty Development (CMD), a special committee
in accessing programs intended for of the Bicol RDC, identified the lack of
OFWs and their families due to stringent an integrated database on the profile
requirements, (b) duplication of programs of migrants and their families from the
offered by government agencies, (c) regional level down to city and municipal
difficulty in claiming membership benefits, levels. The need to have city/municipal
and (d) unpopular/unfamiliar programs databases that can be aggregated at
offered by migrant-serving agencies. the provincial level, and regional level
is imperative. Data on the profile of
Employment facilitation for OFW migrants and their families will be the
returnees is continually being enhanced. basis for planning, decision making,
The OWWA also partnered with Atikha investment programming, and budgeting
Overseas Workers and Communities of interventions to improve the welfare of
Initiative, Inc. in implementing the Go, migrants and their families, and harness their
Earn, Achieve, Return-Uplift Philippines potential contributions to local development.
Action Plan
In the formulation of the PDP and the Bicol must be addressed. Halfway through plan
RDP 2017-2022, international migration implementation, the need for a separate
and development (IMD) cuts across various chapter on IMD was recognized to emphasize
chapters of the plans. However, migration its relevance, improve focus in addressing
has continuously evolved in terms of its issues and concerns, monitor progress, and
scope, complexity, and impact, giving rise take full advantage of the benefits of IMD.
to a number of issues and concerns that

Strategic Framework
TThe previous framework of IMD which Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular
was incorporated in a number of chapters Migration10 (GCM), the framework was
of the plan, focused on empowering the enhanced to cover all dimensions of
OFs towards inclusive and sustainable migration as well as both OFs and foreign
development by enhancing the protection nationals in the Philippines. The framework
and welfare of OFs and their families, embodies cross-cutting strategies among
strengthening their engagement in the three main pillars: Malasakit, Pagbabago,
governance, and facilitating reintegration and Patuloy na Pag-unlad (Figure 21.3).
of returning OFs. With the adoption of the
Figure 21.3. Strategic Framework for Ensuring Safe, Orderly, and Regular
Migration, 2017-2022
10
The GCM is the first intergovernmental agreement under the auspices of the United Nations that covers all
dimensions of international migration governance. It provides a cooperative framework for better managing
migration at local, national, regional and global levels, lays down objectives and commitments regarding migrants
and identifies and compiles principles, rights and obligations from existing international law instruments on
migration, as well as best practices in all areas of migration.

Targets
Table 21.4 shows the subsector indicators and corresponding targets on ensuring safe,
orderly, and regular migration.
Table 21.4 Targets for Ensuring Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration
BASELINE END OF PLAN RESPONSIBLE

INDICATOR
(VALUE/YEAR) TARGET AGENCY
Percent of documented OFs to total OFs increased (%) increasing DFA
OF's rights protected and well-being improved

Philippine ranking on the US index on Trafficking in Persons Tier 1/2016 Tier 1 IACAT
maintained
Percent share of active to total members of OWWA increasing OWWA
increased (%) (cumulative)
Number of OFW helpdesks available increased (cumulative) increasing OWWA
Percent share of active to total members of Pag-IBIG Pag-IBIG
increased
Percent share of active to total members of PhilHealth (%) PhilHealth
increased
Percent share of active to total members of SSS increased 34,410 /2017 5% increase SSS
Engagement of OFs families, and other stakeholders in
governance strengthened
Voter turnout increased (%) increasing COMELEC
OF's participation in the country's development and
reintegration in the Philippine society facilitated
International remittance costs as proportion of the amount decreasing BSP
remitted reduced (%)
Number of Balik Scientists engaged increased Increasing DOST
Number of returnees provided with OWWA reintegration increasing OWWA/ NRCO
intervention (livelihood) increased
Targets
Sector Outcome: Safe, orderly, and relative to their employment. The PAOS,
regular migration improved containing destination-specific modules,
is a mandatory requirement to newly-
Subsector Outcome: OFs’ rights protected arrived OFWs. They have to attend the
and well-being improved. PAOS within one month from the date of
their arrival in the host country. Further,
Strengthen bilateral and regional ties. RA 11199 or the Social Security Act of
The DOLE and International Labor 2018, mandates the negotiation of bilateral
Organization (ILO) partnered to develop a labor agreements with host countries that
Post-Arrival Orientation Seminar (PAOS) do not cover OFWs under their social
learning system to empower OFWs security schemes, particularly for pension

entitlement. Provisions on SSS coverage With the proliferation of IT, online presence
for the payment of required contributions of migrant-serving stakeholders will
by the foreign employers of land-based enhance information delivery. Meanwhile,
OFWs, similar to foreign principals of the completion and distribution of the
sea-based OFWs, will be provided for in Handbook for OFWs pursuant to RA
the bilateral labor agreements and their 11227 or the Handbook for OFWs Act of
implementing administrative arrangements. 2018, provides migrants with a reference
material whenever and wherever they
Facilitate effective service delivery to are. Further, embassies will continue
OFs. Deploying mobile government to strengthen regular engagement of
representative offices overseas will improve Filipinos abroad to further institutionalize
provision of basic services to OFs. Moreover, cultural initiatives. (Refer to Chapter 7)
government transactions that cater to OFs
should be simplified. Meanwhile, the lack of Intensify social protection programs
a unified data-sharing mechanism among for OFs and their families. The SSS will
government agencies can be addressed intensify its campaign on the value of
through the operationalization of the OFW membership. In addition, DepEd
Shared Government Information System will continue to conduct various activities,
on Migration (SGISM) by addressing including the profiling of children of
issues on funding, systems compatibility, OFs in the region, to identify issues,
and privacy concerns. An organized and provide necessary interventions
and well-defined data on international under the School-Based Program for the
migration will help facilitate effective Children and Families of OFs. To ensure
service delivery, thus, expediting the the functionality of OFW family circles,
operationalization of the international OWWA should conduct regular monitoring
migration statistics framework is needed. of their performance. The LGUs may also
be encouraged to extend support to OFW
Enhance education of OFs on IMD. The family circles within their jurisdiction.
pre-employment, pre-departure, and post-
arrival orientation seminars can be improved Strengthen measures to protect OFs
in terms of its mechanics and content. against human trafficking. Trafficking and
Enriching the orientation seminar modules illegal recruitment schemes can be abated
to include cultural diversity, benefits with effective use of technology-enabled
and costs of migration, financial literacy, platforms for information dissemination.
overseas voting and reintegration will better There is also a need to capacitate more LGUs
prepare OFs throughout the migration to invest in anti-trafficking interventions.
cycle. A pre-migration orientation seminar This includes seminars for duty bearers
that includes not only the prospective and stakeholders at the grassroots level on
migrants but also the families left behind, how, when, and where to report violations
should be implemented. There is also a and other related laws. The referral and
need to standardize content across agencies feedback system among duty bearers
conducting the orientation seminars. and rightsholders should be improved.
Further, local government units should Moreover, coordination among local and
be considered as service providers in the international law enforcement agencies
conduct of pre-migration education training. should be strengthened. The government

will continue to explore ways to link addressed and to harness their full potential
up with other countries in combatting in contributing to local development.
trafficking in persons. (Refer to Chapter 18) Further, OFs will be included in the
implementation of the National ID System
Provide sufficient assistance-to-nationals through Foreign Service Posts abroad.
services. There is a need to enhance the
capability of migrant-serving agencies and Subsector Outcome: OFs’ participation
consular officers to manage crisis and to in the country’s development and
do contingency planning. All Philippine reintegration in the Philippine society
Foreign Service Posts must be enjoined to facilitated.
regularly update their respective contingency
plans. The One Country Team Approach, Strengthen employment facilitation for
whereby representatives of various returning OFs. The DOLE is currently in
government agencies act together abroad the process of enhancing the National Skills
under the leadership of the Head of Post, Registration Program (NSRP) to better
should be strictly observed. The Overseas highlight OFs in the PhilJobNet and the
Preparedness Response Team should ensure PESO Employment Information System.
that coordination with relevant agencies is This will allow OFWs to include their work
sustained, and rapid response and relief experience abroad in their profiles and for
measures are implemented efficiently. employers to easily identify OFWs. The
NSRP, with the OFW Skills Registry of the
Subsector Outcome: Engagement of NRCO, will pave the way for workforce
OFs, families, and other stakeholders in reintegration of OFWs. To further aid
governance strengthened. employment facilitation, the Philippine
government must establish a mechanism to
Increase overseas voter turnout. More ensure that training and skills acquired by
strategic locations of registration centers OFs abroad are recognized and accredited.
abroad will be explored pursuant to RA
10590 or the Overseas Voting Act of Strengthen financial inclusion initiatives
2013 to sustain a high voter registration for OFs and their families. Multi-agency
among OFs and increase accessibility of and organizational initiatives to enhance
polling precincts during elections. Massive financial inclusion and expand access to
information campaigns to encourage OFWs financial products and services of OFs
to register and vote, especially through and their families must be continued.
the use of social media, will be pursued.
Ensure successful socioeconomic
Mainstream migration into local reintegration of OFs and their families.
development planning. Committees, The CORP must be implemented fully
subcommittees, or councils on IMD should and continuously to realize its objectives:
be created in provinces, cities and key (a) incorporation of a gender-responsive
municipalities to provide proper venue to reintegration preparedness program in
discuss migration issues at the local level. all phases of migration, involving both
Moreover, it is necessary to include migrant OFWs and their families left behind;
representatives in these committees (b) initiation of reintegrationpathways
to ensure that migrants’ concerns are for different OFW segments,

particularly domestic workers, less- Subsector Outcome: Rights protected and
skilled workers, sea-based workers, and well-being improved for foreign nationals
professionals; and (c) convergence of in the country.
initiatives and harmonization of reintegration
programs and services of all migration- Establish clear policy direction as migrant-
related agencies and organizations to ensure receiving country. The swift passage of
a comprehensive approach to reintegration. amendments to the Philippine Immigration
Specifically, in terms of entrepreneurship and Act to enhance the control and regulation
livelihood programs for returning migrants, of the entry of foreign citizens into the
initiatives must be streamlined and should Philippines is a crucial step towards improving
be linked with similar programs under the immigration policy and management. To
DOLE, the DTI, and the DA. Furthermore, ease the process of legal labor migration
the government must ensure a development- into the country, the harmonization of work
oriented policy on reintegration. permits for migrant workers should be
institutionalized, consistent with Joint MC
Tap the knowledge and other resources 001, s. 2019 or “The Rules and Procedures
of OFs. Mechanisms through which Governing Foreign Nationals Intending to
overseas-based experts are able to share Work in the Philippines.” This also considers
their knowledge and specializations to the the eventual transition to a single provider
academe, industry, and government must of all work permits for foreign nationals in
be strengthened. Likewise, institutional the future. Moreover, in accordance with
linkages may be fostered through Filipino the GCM, the security and safety of foreign
professionals and experts abroad to encourage nationals in the Philippines should be ensured
more collaboration in R&D and capacity by providing them with basic services,
building activities. The potential of OF protecting them against discrimination, and
remittances should be effectively harnessed upholding due process of law in cases of
and channeled into productive investments. litigation. Foremost, the government must
uphold international laws on the rights of
migrants and guarantee that foreign nationals
in the Philippines are not denied services
on the basis of their status as migrants.
Legislative Agenda
To achieve a safe, orderly and regular migration, the following legislative
actions will be pursued:
Table 21.5. Legislative Agenda to Ensure Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration

Amendments to the Migrant Workers and Strengthen compliance requirements for deployment eligibility of host
Overseas Filipinos Act (RA 10022) countries to ensure the protection of rights of migrant workers, i.e. existence of
labor and social laws; participation in multilateral conventions, declarations or
resolutions; and existence of bilateral arrangement.
Amendments to the Philippine Immigration Strengthen legal and institutional framework, border control at ports of entry;
Act and regulation and registration of foreign nationals within the country.
Amendment to Articles 40, 41, and 42 of Strengthen the country’s labor market test, to determine which jobs may
Presidential Decree No. 442 or the Labor be offered to foreign nationals, taking into account best practices in other
Code of the Philippines countries.

22
Plan Implementation
and Monitoring
Chapter 22
Plan Implementation and

Monitoring
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 Midterm Update will provide the solid foundation
for inclusive growth, a high-trust society, and a globally competitive
knowledge economy. To attain this, the strategies stipulated in each chapter
will be operationalized by translating it into doable policies and PAPs
(P/PAPs) that will be implemented by the RLAs, GOCCs, government financial
institutions (GFIs), LGUs, SUCs, and other agencies, including the private sector.
During the implementation period, the efficiency and effectiveness of the

various strategies and P/PAPs will be regularly monitored using existing
mechanisms. The formulation of the Results Matrices (RMs),
which integrate the indicators to measure success in the
various strategies and PAPs in each chapter, is part of the RDP.
To ensure regional synergy, the Plan will be strongly advocated to

all stakeholders to gain support, particularly from the private sector.
The effective implementation of the RDP therefore calls for efficient
coordination and collaboration between and among government agencies
at all levels, the private sector, civil society, and development partners.
Project Development and Policy Formulation

Implementing the RDP will primarily be be prepared by concerned duty-bearers
through the identification of programs to ascertain its viability and to anticipate
and projects that will bring about the implementation problems. As early as the
desired outcomes. Policies that will project development stage, cross-cutting
support and usher in new strategies will be concerns such as DRRM, CCAM, GAD,
formulated and advocated in Congress as and peace and security will be considered,
necessary. The potential project concepts and proponents will be encouraged to
and ideas identified in the Bicol RDP consult and coordinate with various
will be developed by proponent agencies. stakeholders to include the concerned
To ensure a more focused, integrated, local communities to ensure that all issues
cohesive, and convergent implementation and concerns will be addressed prior to
of various PAPs, the Operational Plan its approval. Policy notes and discussion
will be updated, highlighting the list of papers will be prepared for proposed policy
policies and program/project ideas that will recommendations. The P/PAPs will be
contribute to the attainment of each sector reviewed and evaluated by the concerned
outcome. Quality project proposals, pre- RDC sectoral committees for endorsement
feasibility studies or feasibility studies will to the RDC for proper disposition.
Chapter 22 Plan Implementation and Monitoring | 279

Investment Programming
As provided for under EO 325, s. 1996, the and special development bodies in the
RDCs will coordinate the implementation region that require national government
of the RDPs, and will review, prioritize, support. The RDIP is a dynamic document
and endorse to the national government where PAPs are updated and revalidated
the annual and multi-year sectoral annually to ensure consistency with
investment programs of the region for the national and regional development
funding and implementation. Thus, priorities. The annual time slice is taken
PAPs found to be viable and approved as the Annual Investment Program that
by the RDC will be integrated into the serves as basis of the annual budgets of
RDIP, the accompanying document of the different agencies, including SUCs.
the RDP with a six-year time horizon.
As of October 2019, the total investment
The preparation of the RDIP is guided by the requirement for the next three years
Comprehensive Investment Programming amounted to PhP229.15 billion. Most
Guidelines (CIPG) that provides the of these investments are in year 2020
principles, processes, and requirements amounting to PhP114.31 billion. Of this
of the Bicol RDC in identifying and amount, around 66.2 percent are intended
prioritizing PAPs for inclusion in the RDIP for the infrastructure sector, followed by
and in the annual budget proposals of the the economic sector at 22.03 percent, social
agencies. The CIPG covers the priority sector at 11.77 percent, and development
PAPs of the RLAs, GOCCs, LGUs, SUCs, administration with less than one percent.
Financing
Funding for the implementation of the private sector will be tapped for PPP projects
government’s PAPs will be sourced from the or joint venture agreements with the LGUs
GAA, ODA, corporate funds of GOCCs, as provided for under the LGC of 1991.
GFIs, and local government revenues. The
Implementation Arrangements
The implementation of these P/PAPs agencies will be observed. During project
will be undertaken by the concerned implementation, its status and immediate
government agencies/SUCs and LGUs in effects will be regularly reported and
partnership with the private sector. For big monitored. After implementation, project
ticket programs/ projects involving inter- impacts will be assessed to determine project
agency and/or are inter-sectoral in nature, efficiency and effectiveness in contributing
close coordination among concerned to the various strategies and ultimately

to the sub-sector and sector outcomes. tensions by prioritizing and harmonizing
the delivery of basic services and social
Further, the Whole-of-Nation Approach development packages, and ensuring
pursuant to Executive Order No. 70 will active participation of all sectors of society
be considered to address the root causes in pursuit of the country’s peace agenda.
of insurgencies, internal disturbances and
Monitoring
To track the development result programs and projects that contribute to the
of the government’s interventions, achievement of Bicol RDP targets. Inputs
periodic review and evaluation will be from the RLAs, GOCCs, SUCs, LGUs, PSOs
conducted using existing monitoring and other stakeholders will be gathered and
and evaluation (M&E) mechanisms. will be based on the results matrix (RM).
Regional Project Monitoring and Results Matrix. Consistent with the

Evaluation System. The implementation management for results which the public
of the PAPs will be monitored under the sector is pursuing, the RM will be used as a
Regional Project Monitoring and Evaluation tool in monitoring the progress of the Bicol
System (RPMES). This is a system that RDP implementation. The RMs contain
provides a scheme for monitoring and statements of the goals and outcomes
evaluating projects at the national, regional, with corresponding indicators, baseline
provincial, and city/municipal levels, with information, annual and end-of-plan
the extensive and active participation of targets, means of verification, responsible
various government agencies, LGUs and the agencies, assumptions, and risks.
private sector at all levels. It aims to facilitate
program and project implementation, Regional Development Report. An annual
and devolve project facilitation, problem- Regional Development Report (RDR)
solving, monitoring, and evaluation to the will be prepared to assess the Bicol RDP
regional, provincial, city, and municipal implementation using the RMs. Through the
levels. Through the RPMES, information on RDR, the achievements and gaps in relation
the overall status of project implementation to the objectives and targets indicated in
at each level and the problems that impede the Bicol RDP will be determined. Focus
implementation can readily be generated. group discussions (FGDs) and/or sectoral
and regional integration workshops
The Bicol RDC will enjoin all RLAs, GOCCs, will be conducted with stakeholders in
SUCs, LGUs, PSOs, and other concerned government, private sector, and CSOs to
stakeholders to carry out the monitoring gather information on the extent to which
function in accordance with their respective the strategies, policies, and programs and
mandates, levels and responsibilities. It will projects implemented have contributed
involve the evaluation of accomplishments to achieving the Bicol RDP objectives.
against the plan objectives and targets. The Other information that will be generated
RPMES will be used to gather, process, and include the contributing factors or best
organize the status of implementation of practices that facilitated project
Chapter 22 Plan Implementation and Monitoring | 281

implementation; factors that delayed of Bicol RDP implementation include but
or hampered project implementation; are not limited to, the Bicol Development
and proposed actions that will Updates, agency or LGU annual reports, the
facilitate project implementation. Quarterly Regional Economic Situationer,
the regional project monitoring and
Other reports. Other sources of information evaluation reports, and other reports
that can be used as bases in the assessment that contain information on PAPs.
Regional Research Agenda (RRA)

The regional research agenda (RRA) will be the governing body on research services
be updated to support the attainment of and S&T in the region to ensure that
the objectives of the Bicol RDP and the research recommendations are converted
long-term vision of the Filipinos or the into tangible tools that can be used for
AmBisyon Natin 2040. The research agenda commercialization and utilization. It is
will be aligned with the priorities of the headed by the regional director of the DOST
National Science and Technology Plan. Region 5 with the regional directors of the
The preparation of the updated RRA will DA, DENR, DOH, CHED, NEDA, DepEd,
be spearheaded by the R&D Committee, a and presidents of the BU, CSPC, and Ateneo
special committee under the RDC. It will de Naga University as initial members.
Advocacy
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 Midterm update and encourage participation of various
will be strongly advocated to all stakeholders stakeholders in the region as development
to gain support particularly from the private partners. Advocacy activities will include
sector, and will be localized by integrating production and dissemination of advocacy
the strategies in local development plans materials; creation of an inter-agency and
to ensure alignment and consistency of multi-sectoral pool of speakers; conduct
PAPs in contributing to the AmBisyon of advocacy caravans; and advertisements
Natin 2040, thus attaining regional synergy. through quad media. The advocacy plan
will build on the existing collaboration
The ad hoc committee for advocacy will and partnership among the government
be reactivated to assist the NEDA Region and private sectors, and CSOs. The
5 in formulating a new communication Government Communicators Network-
and advocacy plan that will serve as Bicol or GCNet, an organization formed
guide in advocating and promoting the by the PIA Region 5 in partnership with
AmBisyon Natin 2040, the PDP and the information officers of the different
Bicol RDP to raise the level of awareness, agencies, will be tapped to advocate
promote commitment, sustain ownership, the Bicol RDP to various stakeholders.

List of Acronyms
4Ps Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
A&E Accreditation and Equivalency
ADM Assistance to Disadvantaged Municipalities
ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution
AF Agriculture and Fisheries
AFMA Agriculture and Fishery Modernization Act
AFMech Agriculture and Fisheries Mechanization
AFP Armed Forces of the Philippines
AHFF Agriculture, Hunting, Forestry and Fishing
AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
AIM ASEAN ICT Masterplan
ALMASOR Albay – Masbate - Sorsogon
ALS Alternative Learning System
AM Assistance to Municipalities
AMEFIP Agricultural Machinery, Equipment, Facilities and
Infrastructures Program
AO Administrative Order
APEC Albay Power and Energy Corporation
ARBs Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries
ARMM Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
ARTA Anti-Red Tape Act
ASE Asia Submarine Cable Express
ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations
ASF African Swine Fever
ASG Abu Sayyaf Group
ATIC Abaca Technology Innovation Center
BADAC Barangay Anti-Drug Abuse Council
BAT Best Available Technologies
BDFE Bio-diversity Friendly Enterprises
BDO Banco De Oro
BEFF Basic Education Facilities Fund
BEP Best Environmental Practice
BFAR Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
List of Acronyms | 284

BFP Bureau of Fire Protection
BHS Barangay Health Stations
BIA Bicol International Airport
BIADP Bicol International Airport Development Project
BINs Barangay Information Networks
BISCAST Bicol State College of Applied Sciences and Technology
BJMP Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
BLP Basic Literacy Program
BMC Bicol Medical Center
BOT Build-Operate-Transfer
BPATs Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams
BPBH Balik-Pinas! Balik-Hanapbuhay!
BRDC Bicol Research and Development Committee
BRFICC Bicol Regional Food Innovation and Commercialization
Center
BRTTH Bicol Regional Training and Teaching Hospital
BSP Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
BU Bicol University
BuB Bottom-Up-Budgeting
CAAC Children Affected by Armed Conflict
CAA-CVA Conflict Affected and –Vulnerable areas
CAAP Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines
CADT Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title
CALABARZON Cavite Laguna Batangas Rizal Quezon
CARP Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
CARPER Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Extension with
Reforms
CASIFMAS Camarines Sur Institute of Fisheries and Marine Science
CASURECO Camarines Sur Electric Cooperative
CBMS Community Based Monitoring System
CBSUA Central Bicol State University of Agriculture
CC Climate Change
CCA Climate Change Adaptation
CCAM Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation
CDA Cooperative Development Authority
CDD Community-Driven Development
CDP Comprehensive Development Plan

CEMCRR Certificate of Environmental Management and Community
Relations Record
CES Consumer Expectations Survey
CEST Community Empowerment for Science and Technology
CFO Commission on Filipinos Overseas
CFPF Complimentary Food Processing Facilities
CHED Commission on Higher Education
CHR Commission on Human Rights
CIAC Children Involved in Armed Conflict
CICL Children In-Conflict with the Law
CIPG Comprehensive Investment Programming Guidelines
CLCP Community Life Competence Process
CLUP Comprehensive Land Use Plan
CMA Center for Migrant Advocacy
CMCI Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness Index
CMD Committee on Migration and Development
CMEMP Coastal and Marine Ecosystems Management Program
CMGP Conditional Matching Grant to Provinces
CMO Civil-Military Operations
CMP Community Mortgage Program
CMTS Cable Modern Termination System
CNN CPP-NPA-NDF
COA Commission on Audit
COE Certificate of Exception
CORP Comprehensive OFW Reintegration Program
CPP-NPA-NDF Communist Party of the Philippines-New People’s Army-
National Democratic Front of the Philippines
CSAC Children in Situations of Armed Conflict
CSAP Core Shelter Assistance Project
CSC Civil Service Commission
CSOs Civil Society Organizations
CSPC Camarines Sur Polytechnic College
CSPP Conflict-Sensitive and Peace-Promoting
CSU Catanduanes State University
CTGs Communist Terrorist Groups
CWC Council for the Welfare of Children
DA Department of Agriculture

DAC Development Administration Committee
DAR Department of Agrarian Reform
DBP Development Bank of the Philippines
DEBESMSCAT Dr. Emilio B. Espinosa, Sr. Memorial State College of
Agriculture and Technology
DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DepEd Department of Education
DFA Department of Foreign Affairs
DHSUD Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development
DICT Department of Information and Communications
Technology
DILEEP DOLE Integrated Livelihood and Emergency Employment
Program
DILG Department of the Interior and Local Government
DJs District Jails
DMPC DMCI Masbate Power Corporation
DOAS Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy
DOE Department of Energy
DOH Department of Health
DOJ Department of Justice
DOLE Department of Labor and Employment
DOST Department of Science and Technology
DOST- Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Council
PCAARRD for Agriculture, Aquatic, and Natural Resources Research
and Development
DOST-SEI DOST-Science Education Institute
DOT Department of Tourism
DOT-DPWH Department of Tourism-Department of Public Works and
Highways
DOTr Department of Transportation
DRR-CCA Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation
DRRM Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
DRRMO Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development
DTI Department of Trade and Industry
DTTB Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting
DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
eBPLS Electronic Business Process Licensing System

ECA Environmentally Critical Areas
ECCs Environmental Compliance Certificates
E-CLIP Expanded Comprehensive Local Integration Program
eCLUP Enhanced Comprehensive Land Use Plan
ECs Electric Cooperatives
EDLP Enterprise Development and Loan Program
EGMP E-Government Master Plan
ELCAC End Local Communist Armed Conflict
EMB Environmental Management Bureau
ENDO End-of-Contract
ENGP Enhanced National Greening Program
ENR Environment and Natural Resources
EO Executive Order
EODB Ease of Doing Business
EODB-EGSD Ease of Doing Business and Efficient Government Service
Delivery
EPIRA Electric Power Industry Reform Act
ERC Energy Regulatory Commission
ESC Education Service Contracting
EWS Early Warning Systems
F1K First 1,000 Days
FDI Foreign Direct Investment
FDP Full Disclosure Policy
FDS Family Development Sessions
FGDs Focus Group Discussions
FICELCO First Catanduanes Electric Cooperative
FIES Family Income and Expenditure Survey
FMRs Farm-to-Market Roads
FOI Freedom of Information
FRs Former Rebels
G&OKB Gayon Asin Orgullo Kan Bikol
GAA General Appropriations Act
GAD Gender and Development
GAHP Good Animal Husbandry Practices
GAP Good Agricultural Practices
GAqP Good Aquaculture Practices
GBPS Gigabit-per-Second

GCI Global Competitiveness Index
GCM Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration
GCR Global Competitiveness Report
GCR Greater Capital Region
GCTA Good Conduct Time Allowance
GDC Government Data Center
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GEAR-UP Go, Earn, Achieve, Return-Uplift Philippines
GER Gross Enrolment Rate
GFA Geographic Focus Areas
GFH Good Financial Housekeeping
GFIs Government Financial Institutions
GIA Grant-In-Aid
GIDAs Geographically Isolated and Disadvantaged Areas
GIS Geographic Information System
GK Gawad Kalinga
GMP Good Manufacturing Practices
GOCCs Government Owned and/or Controlled Corporations
GovCloud Government Cloud
GovNet Government Network
GRDP Gross Regional Domestic Product
GVA Gross Value Added
Ha Hectares
HAZMAT Hazardous Materials
HB House Bill
HCIs Health Care Institutions
HDMF Home Development Mutual Fund
HEIs Higher Education Institutions
HFEP Health Facilities Enhancement Program
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HLURB Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board
HOMA Housing Materials Assistance
HRM Human Resource Management
HUDCC Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council
HVC High Value Crops
IB Inclusive Business

IBUILD Intensified Building up of Infrastructure and Logistics for
Development
ICC Investment Coordination Committee
ICCs/IP Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous Peoples
ICP Important Cultural Property
ICT Information and Communications Technology
IDC Internally Displaced Children
IDPs Internally Displaced Persons
IEC Information, Education and Communication
iGovPhil Integrated Government Philippines
ILO International Labor Organization
IMD International Migration and Development
IMRAP Inter-Agency Medical Repatriation Assistance Program
IP Indigenous Peoples
IPED Indigenous Peoples Education Program
IPMR Indigenous Peoples Mandatory Representation
IRA Internal Revenue Allotment
IRP Integrated Reorganization Plan
IRR Implementing Rules and Regulations
ISF Irrigation Service Fee
ISFs Informal Settler Families
IT Information Technology
IYCF Infant and Young Child Feeding
JHS Junior High School
JLSS Junior Level Science Scholarship
JMC Joint Memorandum Circular
JTF Joint Task Force
Kalahi-CIDSS Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan-Comprehensive and
Integrated Delivery of Social Services
KALASAG Kalamidad at Sakuna Labanan Sariling Galing ang
Kaligtasan
KATROPA Kalalakihang Tapat sa Responsibilidad at Obligasyon sa
Pamilya
KC-NCDDP Kalahi-CIDSS National Community Driven Development
Program
KMME Kapatid Mentor ME
KRN Knowledge Resource Network
LACAPs Local Anti-Criminality Action Plans

LBP Land Bank of the Philippines
LCACs Local Culture and Arts Councils
LCE Local Chief Executive
LCT Landing Craft Tank
LCUDIP Legazpi City Urban Drainage Improvement Project
LDCs Local Development Council
LDRRMC Local Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council
LE Large Enterprises
LGC Local Government Code
LGSP-LED Local Governance Support Program for Local Economic
Development
LGUs Local Government Units
LIIC Local Investments and Incentives Code
LSDF Luzon Spatial Development Framework
LSP Local Shelter Plan
LST Life Skills Training
M&D Migration and Development
MACR Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility
ManFabLab Manufacturing and Fabrication Laboratory
MARINA Maritime Industry Authority
MASELCO Masbate Electric Cooperative
MBPS Megabit per Second
MC Memorandum Circular
MCPR Modern Contraceptive Prevalence Rate
ME Micro Entrepreneurs
MEP Madrasah Education Program
MGB Mines and Geosciences Bureau
MICE Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions
MICIC Migrants in Countries in Crisis
MIHAS Malaysia International Halal Showcase
MMFN Mechanized and Modernized Forest Nursery
MOA Memorandum of Agreement
MPA Marine Protected Area
MRCs Migrant Resource Centers
MRFs Materials Recovery Facilities
MSEs Micro and Small Enterprises
MSMEs Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

MT Metric Ton
MW Megawatts
NaLUA National Land Use Act
NAMRIA National Mapping and Resource Information Agency
NAP-WPS National Action Plan on Women Peace and Security
NAST National Academy of Science and Technology
NBP National Broadband Plan
NBS Newborn Screening
NC Negosyo Centers
NCC National Competitiveness Council
NCCA National Commission for Culture and the Arts
NCIP National Commission on Indigenous Peoples
NCP National Competition Policy
NCR National Capital Region
NCT National Cultural Treasure
NDHS National Demographic and Health Survey
NDRRM National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
NDRRMC National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
NEA National Electrification Administration
NEDA National Economic and Development Authority
NER Net Enrolment Rate
NGAs National Government Agencies
NGCP National Grid Corporation of the Philippines
NGOs Non-Government Organizations
NHA National Housing Authority
NHIP National Health Insurance Program
NIA National Irrigation Administration
NICTEF National ICT Ecosystem Framework
NIMB Not In My Backyard
NIPAS National Integrated Protected Areas System
NMS National Migration Survey
NPPFP National Program on Population and Family Planning
NRCO National Reintegration Center for OFWs
NSP National Security Policy
NSRP National Skills Registration Program
NSRP North-South Railway Project
NSS National Security Strategy

NSS National Spatial Strategy
NSWMC National Solid Waste Management Commission
NTC National Telecommunications Commission
NTF National Task Force
NUDHF National Urban Development and Housing Framework
OBR One Billion Rising
OCD Office of Civil Defense
ODA Official Development Assistance
OFs Overseas Filipinos
OFWs Overseas Filipino Workers
OJT On-the-Job-Training
OneLab One-Stop Laboratory Services for Global Competitiveness
OPAPP Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process
OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
OSSCOs One-Stop Service Centers for OFWs
OSY Out-of-School Youths
OWWA Overseas Workers Welfare Administration
P/PAPs Policies and Programs, Activities and Projects
P3 Pondo sa Pagbabago at Pag-asenso
PA Philippine Army
PA Protected Areas
PADS Philippine Anti-Illegal Drugs Strategy
PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical
Services Administration
PAIMS PhilHealth Accounts Information Management Specialist
PAMANA Payapa at Masaganang Pamayanan
PAOS Post-Arrival Orientation Seminar
PAPs Programs, Activities and Projects
PCA Philippine Coconut Authority
PCA Philippine Competition Act
PCC Philippine Competition Commission
PCF Performance Challenge Fund
PCG Philippine Coast Guard
PD Presidential Decree
PDEA Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
PDL Persons Deprived of Liberty
PDNA Post Disaster Needs Assessment

PDP Philippine Development Plan
PEME Pre-Employment Medical Examinations
PFM Public Financial Management
PFMIP Performance Financial Management Improvement Plans
PhilFIDA Philippine Fiber Industry Development Authority
Pili-NICER Niche Centers in the Regions for Research and Development
PIP Public Investment Program
PiTaKa Pinansyal na Talino at Kaalaman
PLEA Production Loan Easy Access
PM Particulate Matter
PMADAC Provincial/Municipal ADAC
PMS Particulate Matter System
PNP Philippine National Police
PNR Philippine National Railways
PNR SLH PNR South Long Haul
PNVSCA Philippine National Volunteer Service Coordinating Agency
PO Prosecutor Offices
POCs Peace and Order Councils
POEA Philippine Overseas Employment Administration
POP Point-of-Presence
PopCom Commission on Population and Development
PopDev Population and Development
POPS Peace and Order and Public Safety
PPP Public-Private Partnership
PRDP Philippine Rural Development Project
PRIME-HRM Program to Institutionalize Meritocracy and Excellence in
Human Resource Management
PSA Philippine Statistics Authority
PWD Persons with Disability
PWSSMP Philippine Water Supply and Sanitation Master Plan
QRF Quick Response Fund
QuBEx Quezon Bicol Expressway
R&D Research and Development
RA Republic Act
RAP-LGU Resettlement Assistance Program for Local Government
Units
RATP Regional Anti-Terrorism Program

RBIs Rights-Based Instruments
RCC Regional Cave Committee
RCC Regional Competitiveness Committee
RCCV Regional Committee on Culture and Values
RCEF Rice Competitiveness Enhancement Fund
RCS Report Card Survey
RDC Regional Development Council
RDIP Regional Development Investment Programs
RDNA Rapid Disaster Needs Assessment
RDP Regional Development Plan
RDR Regional Development Report
RDRRMC Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
RE Renewable Energy
REC Regional Ecology Center
RIIC Regional Inclusive Innovation Center
RJC Regional Justice Committee
RLAs Regional Line Agencies
RM Results Matrix
RMNCHN Reproductive, Maternal, Neonatal, Child Health, and
Nutrition
RORO Roll On-Roll Off
ROTC Reserve Officers’ Training Corps
RPAN Regional Plan of Action for Nutrition
RP-FP Responsible Parenthood and Family Planning
RPMES Regional Project Monitoring and Evaluation System
RPOC Regional Peace and Order Council
RPRH Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health
RRA Regional Research Agenda
RRCY Regional Rehabilitation Center for Youth
RSDF Regional Spatial Development Framework
RSET Regional Social and Economic Trends
RSTW Regional Science and Technology Week
RTF Regional Task Force
RWCS Rainwater Collector Systems
S&T Science and Technology
S4CP Science for Change Program
SAC Social Action Center

SAFDZ Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zone
SALINTUBIG Sagana at Ligtas na Tubig sa Lahat
SAMRI Sunfil Asia Mineral Resources, Inc.
SBFP School-Based Feeding Program
SCFLG Seal of Child Friendly Local Governance
SCP Sustainable Consumption and Production
SDG Sustainable Development Goals
SDNs Service Delivery Networks
SEnA Single Entry Approach
SETUP Small Enterprise Technology Upgrading Program
SFP Supplemental Feeding Program
SGISM Shared Government Information System on Migration
SGLG Seal of Good Local Governance
SHFC Social Housing Finance Corporation
SHIELD Strategic Helpdesks for Information, Education, Livelihood,
and Other Developmental Interventions
SHS Senior High School
SLEX South Luzon Expressway
SLFs Sanitary Land Fills
SLM Sustainable Land Management
SLP Sustainable Livelihood Program
SMERA SME Roving Academy
SMS Short Message Service
SPAs Seed Production Areas
SPED Special Education Program
SPMS Strategic Performance Management System
SSC Sorsogon State College
SSF Shared Service Facility
SSIPs Small Scale Irrigation Project/Systems
SSS Social Security System
STI Science, Technology, and Innovation
STRIDE Science, Technology, Research and Innovation for
Development
SUCs State Universities and Colleges
SURE Survival and Recovery
SWAs Social Welfare Attachés
SWMPs Solid Waste Management Plans

SY School Year
TAP Tsokolate at Pandesal
TBM Trade and Business Missions
TC Tropical Cyclone
TD Tropical Depression
TESDA Technical Education Skills and Development Authority
TFR Total Fertility Rate
TIP Trafficking in Persons
TRAIN Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion
TRCs Treatment and Rehabilitation Centers
TREs Tourism Related Establishments
Triple C Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur and Catanduanes
TSP Total Suspended Particulates
TUPAD Tulong Panghanapbuhay Para sa Ating Displaced/
Disadvantaged
TVET Technical-Vocational Education and Training
TVRO Television Receive-Only
UCT Unconditional Cash Transfer
UNCRC United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
VAT Value-Added Tax
VAWC Violation Against Women and Children
VCP Victims Compensation Program
VRA Vulnerability and Risk Assessment
YCRRP Yolanda Comprehensive Rehabilitation and Recovery
Program
ZOs Zoning Ordinances

Bicol RDP 2017-2022
Midterm Update
Planning Committees
Development Administration Committee
Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)
Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)
Cooperative Development Authority (CDA)
Commission on Human Rights (CHR)
Civil Service Commission (CSC)
Department of Budget and Management (DBM)
Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development (DHSUD)
Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
Department of Finance-Bureau of Local Government Finance (DOF-BLGF)
Department of Justice-National Prosecution Service (DOJ-NPS)
National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)
National Intelligence Coordinating Agency (NICA)
Office of Civil Defense (OCD)
Philippine Information Agency (PIA)
Presidential Management Staff (PMS)
Philippine National Police (PNP)
Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA)
Secretariat: NEDA - Policy Formulation and Planning Division
Economic Development Committee

Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP)
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)
Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR)
Planning Committees | 298

Department of Agriculture (DA)
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)
Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
Department of Tourism (DOT)
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)
Environmental Management Bureau (EMB)
Mines and GeoSciences Bureau (MGB)
National Food Authority (NFA)
Philippine Fiber Development Authority (PhilFIDA)
Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA)
Secretariat: NEDA - Project Development, Investment Programming

and Budgeting Division
Infrastructure Development Committee
Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP)

Department of Energy (DOE)
Department of Transportation (DOTr)
Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)
Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT)
Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB)
Land Transportation Office (LTO)
Maritime Industry and Naval Authority (MARINA)
National Electrification Administration (NEA)
National Irrigation Authority (NIA)
National Telecommunications Commission (NTC)
Philippine National Railways (PNR)
Philippine Ports Authority (PPA)
Secretariat: NEDA - Project Monitoring and Evaluation Division

Social Development Committee
Bicol State College of Applied Sciences and Technology (BISCAST)
Bicol University (BU)
Camarines Norte State College (CNSC)
Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges (CSPC)
Catanduanes State University (CSU)
Central Bicol State University of Agriculture (CBSUA)
Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
Commission on Population and Development (PopCom)
Department of Education (DepEd)
Department of Health (DOH)
Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development (DHSUD)
Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)
Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
Dr. Emilio B. Espinosa Sr. Memorial State College of Agriculture and
Technology (DEBESMSCAT)
National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA)
National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP)
National Housing Authority (NHA)
National Nutrition Council (NNC)
National Youth Commission (NYC)
Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA)
Partido State University (PSU)
Sorsogon State Collage (SSC)
Technical Education Skills Development Authority (TESDA)
Secretariat: NEDA - Development Research Division

Private Sector Representatives
Al P. Orlanes, Masbate Lopito R. Mendoza, Labor
Aurora C. De Guzman, Women Mary Ness-Ver Gavica, Camarines Sur
Benigno R. Elevado, Camarines Norte Nicolas Beda A. Priela, Naga City
Edgar T. Lumbao, Catanduanes Rev. Fr. Rex Paul B. Arjona, Albay
Jennifer M. Arao, PWD Romeo S. Tan, Youth and Students
John B. Abejuro, Fisherfolks Santiago K. Cervantes, Farmers
Jose M. Medina Jr., Tourism Shirley T. Bolaños, Sorsogon
Local Government Units

Provincial Governments
Provincial Government of Albay

Provincial Government of Camarines Norte
Provincial Government of Camarines Sur
Provincial Government of Catanduanes
Provincial Government of Masbate
Provincial Government of Sorsogon
City Governments
City Government of Iriga

City Government of Legazpi
City Government of Ligao
City Government of Masbate
City Government of Naga
City Government of Sorsogon
City Government of Tabaco
Municipalities
Aroroy Bacacay Balatan

Baao Bagamanoc Baleno

Balud Goa Pilar
Baras Gubat Pili
Barcelona Guinobatan Pio V. Corpuz
Basud Irosin Pioduran
Bato, Camarines Sur Jose Panganiban Placer
Bato, Catanduanes Jovellar Polangui
Batuan Juban Presentacion
Bombon Labo Prieto Diaz
Buhi Lagonoy Ragay
Bula Libmanan Rapu-Rapu
Bulan Libon Sagñay
Bulusan Lupi San Andres
Cabusao Magallanes San Fernando,
Camarines Sur
Calabanga Magarao San Fernando, Masbate
Camalig Malilipot San Jacinto
Camaligan Malinao San Jose
Canaman Mandaon San Miguel
Capalonga Manito San Pascual
Caramoan Matnog San Vicente
Caramoran Mercedes Sipocot
Casiguran Milagros Siruma
Castilla Milaor San Lorenzo Ruiz
Cataingan Minalabac Sta. Elena
Cawayan Mobo Sta. Magdalena
Claveria Monreal Sto. Domingo
Daet Nabua Talisay
Daraga Oas Tigaon
Del Gallego Ocampo Tinambac
Dimasalang Palanas Tiwi
Donsol Pamplona Uson
Esperanza Pandan Viga
Gainza Panganiban Vinzons
Garchitorena Paracale Virac
Gigmoto Pasacao

Civil Society Organizations
Bicol Foundation for Higher Education
Children International (Bicol), Inc.
Family Planning Organization of the Philippines - Camarines Sur Chapter
Gubat St. Anthony Cooperative
Philippine Red Cross Masbate Chapter
PLAN International, Inc.

Bicol RDP 2017-2022
Midterm Update
Secretariat
Office of the Regional Director Project Development, Investment
Programming, Budgeting Division
RD Agnes E. Tolentino Ma. Dinna Lynne L. Ordoña

ARD Edna Cynthia S. Berces Gieza R. Esparraguerra
Nimfa B. Bilasano Ester B. Barria
Gabriel B. Burac Armylene B. Posada
Michelle B. Brosas
Emmanuel Chivic O. Llaguno
Policy Formulation and Planning Project Monitoring and Evaluation

Division Division
Gilberto A. Abion Jasmin C. Zantua

Jubemay A. Mangalino Ellezer P. Adan
Nancy K. Fernandez Arlyn R. Ramirez
Richel S. Arrogancia Joel R. Lustina
Ruby Anne B. Lorca Rianne B. Blanza
Luis Carlo S. Banua Grace C. Torres
Development Research Division Finance and Administrative Division
Maria Teresa T. Chong Gwendolyn S. Bitare

Anna Liz A. Bellen Preciosa Bautista
Marites D. Paje Sol C. Longasa
Ma. Theresa B. Añonuevo Dave A. Briones
Agnes Mae B. Alta Pamela May V. Lovendino
Joie Anne Y. Cultivo Diana Joy B. Marco
Mary Ann D. Montecastro Bienvenido C. Mendoza
Catherine O. Rivera Vicente C. Macasinag
Secretariat | 304
Information Technology Unit Finance and Administrative Division
Ronaldo B. Bañas Dalton O. Paje

Arcadio O. Sala Mary Margaret L. Ansano
Henry Tolentino
Jesson Berces

Bicol RDP 2017-2022 Midterm Update - Final

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Table of Contents

List of Tables and Figures vii

Chapter 1 The Long View 5

Chapter 2 Global Regional Trends and Prospects 11

Chapter 3 Overlay of Economic Growth, Demographic Trends, and 17

Chapter 4 Bicol Regional Development Plan 2017-2022 Overall 37

Part II Enhancing Social Fabric (“Malasakit”)

Chapter 5 Ensuring People-Centered, Clean and Efficient Governance 47

Chapter 6 Pursuing Swift and Fair Administration of Justice 57

Chapter 7 Promoting Philippine Culture and Values 67

Part III Inequality-Reducing Transformation (“Pagbabago”)

Chapter 8 Expanding Economic Opportunities in Agriculture and 81

Chapter 9 Expanding Economic Opportunities in Industry and 97

Chapter 10 Accelerating Human Capital Development 111

Chapter 12 Building Safe and Secure Communities 143

Part IV Increasing Growth Potential (“Patuloy na Pag-unlad”)

Chapter 13 Reaching for the Demographic Dividend 157

Chapter 14 Vigorously Advancing Science, Technology and Innovation 169

Part V Enabling and Supportive Economic Development

Chapter 15 Ensuring Sound Macroeconomic Policy 181

Chapter 16 Leveling the Playing Field 191

Part VI Foundations for Sustainable Development

Chapter 17 Attaining Just and Lasting Peace 203

Chapter 18 Ensuring Security, Public Order and safety 213

Chapter 19 Accelerating Infrastructure Development 223

Chapter 20 Ensuring Ecological Integrity, Clean and Healthy 249

Chapter 21 Ensuring Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration 265

Part VII From Plan to Action

Chapter 22 Plan Implementation and Monitoring 279

List of Acronyms 284

Planning Committees 298

Table 3.1 GRDP by Industrial Origin: 2016-2018, Bicol Region in 19

Table 3.2 GRDP Growth Rates by Sector/Sub-Sector: 2016-2018, 20

Table 3.3 Population Distribution, Bicol Region by Province, Census 22

Table 3.4 Land Area by Province, Bicol Region, in Hectares 25

Table 3.5 Urban/Growth Centers in the Hierarchy of Settlements by 31

Figure 3.1 GRDP: 2015-2018, Bicol Region in Billion Pesos, at 17

Figure 3.2 Regional Growth Rates: 2017-2018, Philippines in Percent, 18

Figure 3.3 Per Capita GRDP: 2016-2018, Bicol Region in Pesos, at 19

Figure 3.4 Population Distribution, Bicol Region Census Year 2015 21

Figure 3.5 Population Distribution, Bicol Region by Province, Census 22

Figure 3.6 Land Area and Population Density by Province, Bicol 23

Figure 3.7 Map of the Bicol Region 24

Figure 3.8 Land Use Map, Bicol Region: 2013 26

List of Tables and Figures | vii

Chapter 4 Bicol Regional Development Plan 2017-2022 Overall

Figure 4.1 Bicol RDP 2017-2022 Overall Framework 37

Chapter 5 Ensuring People-Centered, Clean and Efficient

Table 5.1 Legislative Agenda to Ensure People Centered, Clean and 53

Figure 5.1 Strategic Framework to Ensure People-Centered, Clean, 50

Chapter 6 Pursuing Swift and Fair Administration of Justice

Table 6.1 Legislative Agenda to Pursue Swift and Fair 63

Figure 6.1 Strategic Framework to Pursue Swift and Fair 60

Chapter 7 Promoting Philippine Culture and Values

Table 7.1 Legislative Agenda to Promote Culture and Values 75

Figure 7.1 Strategic Framework for Promoting Philippine Culture and 72

Chapter 8 Expanding Economic Opportunities in Agriculture and

Table 8.1 Legislative Agenda to Expand Economic Opportunities in 93