Finite Element Methods: Lecture Module 1-1: Introduction

FINITE ELEMENT METHODS
(BDA 31003)
Lecture Module 1-1: Introduction

Course Objectives
The aim of the subject is to introduce basic finite

element methods and its relevant applications to
the solution of engineering problems.
It will provide a sufficient knowledge in using
application FEM based software creatively for
professional works.
2
Learning Outcomes
Engineering Knowledge - Solve matrix equations of axial/torsional/

truss/beam/plate structure, fluid mechanics and heat transfer
problems by using Finite Element Method (C4, LO1)
Modern Tool Usage - Apply appropriate finite element modelling
techniques using finite element method software including prediction
and modelling, to complex engineering activities, with an
understanding of the limitations (C4, LO2)
Investigation - Conduct investigation into complex problems using
research based knowledge and research methods including design
of experiments, analysis, discussion and valid conclusions using
finite element method (C4, LO4)
3
What you can do…Stress Analysis
4
What you can do…Heat Transfer
5
References
Saeed Moaveni, 2008. Finite Element Analysis, 3rd edition, Pearson Education
International.
N.S. Ottosen & H. Petersson, 1992. Introduction to the Finite Element
Method, Prentice Hall.
G.R. Buchanan, 1995. Schaum’s Outline Series, Theory and Problems of
Finite Element Analysis, McGraw-Hill.
J.N. Reddy, 2006. An Introduction to the Finite Element Method, 3rd edition,
McGraw Hill
K.J. Bathe, 1996. Finite Element Procedures, Prentice Hall.
L.J. Segerlind, 1997. Analisis Unsur Terhingga Gunaan, diterjemahkan oleh
Muhamad Her Jantan, Penerbit UTM.
Tirupathi R. Chandrupatla & Ashok D.Belegundu, 2002. Introduction to Finite
Elements in Engineering, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall
6
BDA 31003 FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (2020 EDITION) for
RM21.00. Get it on Shopee
https://shopee.com.my/MODUL-BERCETAK-FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD-
BDA-31003-(2020-EDITION)-i.164758387.7258178243
Subject Delivery
Lecturing and Tutoring
Explaining theories, methods and understanding related to the
topics.
Discussing sample problems related to the topics
Software Application on Laboratory Session (A)

Application of finite element methods using FEM LISA 8
software
8
Assessment Scheme
Test 1: 25%
Test 2: 25%
Group Assignment: 25%
Test 3: 25%
Students attendance must not less than 80%
9
Test 1 (week 6)
Date: 23 / 4 / 2021 (Friday)
Time: 9.00 am – 11.00 am
Covers: Ch 1 – Ch 3
Test 2 (week 10)

Date: 31 / 5 / 2021 (Monday)
Time: 8.00 pm – 10.00 pm
Test 3 (week 14)

Date : 28 / 6 / 2021 (Monday)
Time: 8.00 pm – 10.00 pm
Course Content
1) Introduction
2) Axial and Torsional Elements
3) Truss 2d/3d Elements
4) Beam, Grid And Frame Elements
5) Fluid Flow Network Problem
6) One Dim Heat Transfer Problem
7) Two Dim Heat Transfer Elements
8) Two Dim Structural Elements

11
Lab Sessions
Doing example problems (Guided by the instructor)

Individual task
Project / Group task
Project Report
Project Presentation
12
INTRODUCTION
13
What is Finite Element Method
Finite Element Method (FEM) is a numerical

technique used to perform Finite Element
Analysis (FEA) to solve problems of engineering
or mathematical models.
FEM is a powerful and widely used technique in
solving many engineering problems such as
structural, fluid, heat transfer, vibration, acoustics,
magnetism and even multi-physics problems
involving interaction between fluid and structure
or acoustic and structure.
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Why do we need Finite Element Method?
The main benefits of FEM are:

1. Complex Model. Easier modelling of complex geometrical and
irregular shapes.
2. Faster. Develop computer model and optimize components in
the design faster.
3. Cost Effective. Reduce the number of physical prototypes and
experiments.
4. Accuracy. Modelling a complex physical by hand can be
impractical, a computer model using FEM can solve the
problem with a high degree of accuracy.
5. Visualization. Object under study can be visualized and
simulated, hence provide more insight into the solution.
FEM is used to determine:
• stress
• strain
• fluid pressure
• heat transfer
• temperature
• vibration
• sound propagation
• electromagnetic fields
• any coupled interactions of the above.
Discretization
Object/domain/model
Element
Node
SMALLER ELEMENT
MORE ACCURATE
17
Element and Node
Element is used to represent the geometry of the object
Node represents the motion flexibility of the point in the object, which
is called the DEGREE OF FREEDOM
Maximum DOF: 6 per node
3 translations: ux, uy, uz

3 rotations: θx, θy, θz
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Response / Output
follows the defined DOF
Node of element has only axial translation
FEM model
Responded with deformation
19
Response / Output
follows the defined DOF
Node of element has only axial translation
FEM model
No response showed
20
Line Elements
Axial element Torsional element
Truss 2D Element Truss 3D Element
21
Line Elements
Beam Element
Space Frame Element
22
Surface Elements
Plate Triangular Element

Plate Quadrilateral
23
Surface Elements
Plate Bending Quadrilateral Element
24
Surface Elements
Plate Membrane Quadrilateral Element
25
Surface Elements
Shell Quadrilateral Element
26
Solid Elements
Solid Tetrahedral 4 and 10 nodes Element
27
Solid Elements
Solid Hexahedral 8 and 20 nodes Element
28
Axisymmetric Elements
Axisymmetric tapered annulus 2 nodes
Axysymmetric Shell 2 Nodes
29
Axisymmetric Elements
Axysymmetric Shell 3 Nodes
30
General FEM Procedures
1. Discretize and Select the element types

2. Select displacement function
3. Define strain/displacement and stress/strain relationships
4. Derive the element stiffness matrix and equation
5. Assemble the element equations to obtain equations and
to introduce boundary conditions
6. Solve for unknown degrees of freedom
7. Solve for element strains and stresses
8. Interpret the results
31
(known elemental stiffness matrix)
1. Discretize and Select the element types

2. (was 2, 3, 4) Calculate each elemental stiffness matrix
3. Assemble the element equations to obtain equations and to
introduce boundary conditions
4. Solve for unknown degrees of freedom
5. Solve for element strains and stresses
6. Interpret the results
32
(FEM application software)
1. Create geometric model

2. Define finite element model (create mesh)
3. Define loads, boundary conditions (constraints, etc.)
4. Compute structural response (stress, deflection,
temperatures, flow rate, etc.)
5. Review and interpret the results
6. Re-design as necessary and repeat until satisfied
33
(Stage Activity of FEM application software)
1. Pre-processing
by using Pre-Processor
2. Solving
by employing Solver
3. Post-processing
by using Post-Processor
34
Thank you
35

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FINITE ELEMENT METHODS

Lecture Module 1-1: Introduction

The aim of the subject is to introduce basic finite

Engineering Knowledge - Solve matrix equations of axial/torsional/

Software Application on Laboratory Session (A)

Students attendance must not less than 80%

Test 2 (week 10)

Test 3 (week 14)

2) Axial and Torsional Elements

3) Truss 2d/3d Elements

4) Beam, Grid And Frame Elements

5) Fluid Flow Network Problem

6) One Dim Heat Transfer Problem

7) Two Dim Heat Transfer Elements

8) Two Dim Structural Elements

Doing example problems (Guided by the instructor)

Finite Element Method (FEM) is a numerical

The main benefits of FEM are:

Maximum DOF: 6 per node

3 translations: ux, uy, uz

Node of element has only axial translation

Responded with deformation

Node of element has only axial translation

Axial element Torsional element

Truss 2D Element Truss 3D Element

Space Frame Element

Plate Triangular Element

Plate Bending Quadrilateral Element

Plate Membrane Quadrilateral Element

Shell Quadrilateral Element

Solid Tetrahedral 4 and 10 nodes Element

Solid Hexahedral 8 and 20 nodes Element

Axisymmetric tapered annulus 2 nodes

Axysymmetric Shell 2 Nodes

Axysymmetric Shell 3 Nodes

1. Discretize and Select the element types

1. Discretize and Select the element types

1. Create geometric model

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