PowerFactory 2021

Technical Reference

DIgSILENT Fully Rated Converter Wind

Turbine Templates
DIgSILENT FullyRatedConv WTG
F2021

POWER SYSTEM SOLUTIONS

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December 1, 2020
PowerFactory 2021
Revision 1
Contents

Contents

1 Introduction 1

2 How to use this Template 1

3 Model Description 2

4 How to Customize the Model 3

4.1 Load Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

4.2 Short Circuit (VDE / IEC / ANSI / complete) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

4.3 Dynamic Simulation (RMS/EMT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

5 References 8

List of Figures 9

List of Tables 10

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DIgSILENT Fully Rated Converter Wind Turbine Templates (DIgSILENT FullyRatedConv WTG)
2 How to use this Template

1 Introduction

This document describes the fully rated wind turbine generator (WTG) template FullyRatedCon-
verterWTG 0.4kV xMW that is delivered with PowerFactory 14.1 and explains how to use and
configure the model.

The template represents only the grid side converter, it does not include the mechanical part
of the rotor and the aerodynamics. This level of detail is for most studies sufficient because
the frequency VSC converter decouples the rotor and generator from the grid. This assumption
includes also an optimal copper resistor in the DC circuit.

The fully rated WTG model could be used for:

• Load Flow Studies

• Stability Studies (RMS)

• Transient Studies (EMT)

• Balanced and unbalanced simulations (however control is implemented for the positive
sequence only)

For dynamic simulation is a variable step size possible. The minimum step size or the fix step
size should be lower than 5ms.

The following fully rated WTG models are available in the global template library:

• FullyRatedConverterWTG 0.4kV 1.0MW

• FullyRatedConverterWTG 0.4kV 1.5MW
• FullyRatedConverterWTG 0.4kV 2.0MW

• FullyRatedConverterWTG 0.4kV 2.3MW

• FullyRatedConverterWTG 0.4kV 2.5MW
• FullyRatedConverterWTG 0.4kV 2.7MW

• FullyRatedConverterWTG 0.4kV 3.6MW

• FullyRatedConverterWTG 0.4kV 5.0MW
• FullyRatedConverterWTG 0.4kV 6.0MW

Each template contains also three transformer types for 10, 20 and 30kV. The model from the
template is at the beginning equipped with the 20kV transformer.

2 How to use this Template

PowerFactory contains pre-defined templates of dynamic models for different generic wind tur-
bines, photovoltaic generators and a battery energy storing system. Using the templates is
simple, just click on the General Templates button ( ) and select the desired template in the
following window. Thereafter you could place the model in the single line diagram. For this you

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3 Model Description

have to click one time in the single line diagram, this shows the model connected to the mouse
pointer a second click creates a new model of the selected template in the single line diagram.
Each dynamic model consists of some elements in the single line diagram (mostly a terminal
with a generator) plus a composite model, which is located in the recording grid.

After you placed all models in the single line diagram you have to close the selection window
with the templates, this terminates the template inserting.

Do not delete the terminal to which the generator is connected - this would destroy the mea-
surement points of all measurement devices (located in the corresponding composite model).

You could delete a placed model directly by pressing the undo button ( ) or you could delete
the model also manually. If you want to delete a model manually you have to mind that the
model consists of visible elements in the single line diagram and also of a composite model
which is only visible in the Data Manager.

3 Model Description

The fully rated WTG is in the single line diagram represented by a static generator. The models
of the controllers are collected in the composite model FullyRatedConv Control. This composite
model could be found either through the link Plant Model on the Basic Data page of the WTG
or with the Data Manger in the used grid.

The composite model FullyRatedConv Control is created from the frame definition WTG FRC
Frame incl Current Ctrl this frame is shown in Figure 3.1.

The single slots are briefly described in Table 3.1. Each slot could be filled with either a DSL-
model, a measurement device or a PowerFactory element, such as a static generator. All
measurement devices are connected either to the terminal or to the cubicle, which connects the
generator with the terminal. This approach ensures that all measurement devices are correctly
connected after entering the model using the template.

Table 3.1: Frame description

Slot Name Description Needed Type

ActivePowerReduction Reduces the power in case of electrical over DSL-Model
frequency
Current Controller Calculates from current reference a voltage DSL-Model
signal for the static generator
∗
Generator Static Generator as grid element .ElmGenstat
∗
Iac AC-Current measurement device .StaImea
∗
PLL Fast voltage angle measurement device .ElmPhi
∗
PQ Active and reactive power measurement .StaPqmea
device
PQ Control Controls active and reactive power through DSL-Model
the rotor current
∗
Slow FrequMeas Frequency measurement for over frequency .ElmPhi
power reduction
Vac AC-voltage measurement device ∗.StaVmea

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4 How to Customize the Model

Figure 3.1: Frame Definition WTG FRC Frame incl Current Ctrl (∗ .BlkDef)

4 How to Customize the Model

You will find in this chapter a description how you could configure the model from the tem-
plate according to your specific needs. The configuration is sorted to the calculation functions
because there are fewer configurations needed for load flow calculation than for a dynamic
simulation.

4.1 Load Flow

Changing the number of parallel machines

For grid impact studies of a wind farm it is often sufficient to model the wind farm with one
aggregated machine. The generator from the template represents only one machine, but this
could be changed very fast in the generator element on the basic data page. For load flow
studies are no further changes needed.

Changing the nominal power

The nominal power is for the load flow model only defined by the generator data. If you want to
change the nominal power you have to change this on the basic data page and on the load flow
page of the static generator. This change affects only the machine you edit right now.

Changing the nominal AC voltage

You could also change the nominal voltage of the machine if your machine has a different
nominal grid side voltage. The only modification you have to do is changing the nominal voltage

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4 How to Customize the Model

of the terminal to which the static generator is connected.

4.2 Short Circuit (VDE / IEC / ANSI / complete)

The short circuit behaviour of the model is also completely determined by the element settings.
There are therefore no changes in the dynamic model parts necessary. It is important to note
that the standard short circuit methods could not give precise results for a controlled wind tur-
bine. For more precise results are dynamic simulations needed. The model of the fully rated
WTG is based on the static generator. The static generator allows an individual configuration of
the fault contribution for short circuit calculations according to VDC, IEC and complete method.
Please read the technical documentation of the static generator for more details [2].

4.3 Dynamic Simulation (RMS/EMT)

The main purpose of the model created with the template is of course the dynamic simulation.
The great advantage of using a template for creating the wind turbine model is that all measure-
ment points are already correct defined and all common models are already configured.

The model is generic and therefore completely open - you could configure it according to your
needs. Following you will find a short manual for changing the number of parallel machines, for
changing the rated power and for changing some protection settings.

Changing the number of parallel machines

To change the number of parallel machines you have to follow the next two steps:

1. Open the WTG in the single line diagram with a double click and change the number of
parallel machines on the basic data page:

2. Open the composite model FullyRatedConv Control. To find the correct composite model
(if you have more than one) you could double click on the WTG in the single line diagram.
On the basic data page is a link to the composite model (Plant Model).
In the composite model you have to open (double click or right click and Edit Element/Type..)
the power measurement device PQ LV :

The rated power has to be set to:

prating = nparallel · pDF IGrated

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4 How to Customize the Model

Example: 10 parallel machines and a rated active power of 2 MW per machine results in
20 MW.

If you added a step-up transformer you have to change here also the number of parallel devices.

Changing the rated power of the model

Please check if there is already a fully rated WTG model with the needed rated power in the
template library before you change the rated power of the fully rated WTG model by hand. If
there is no fitting template you have to follow the steps below:

To change the rated power of the WTG to simulate for example a 3 MW WTG instead of the given
2 MW you have to follow step 1 and 2. You should have also the amount of parallel machines in
mind. The rated power of the WTG is stored in the element data.

1. If you want to change the nominal power you have to change this on the basic data page
and on the load flow page of the static generator. This change affects only the machine
you edit right now.
2. Open the composite model FullyRatedConv Control. To find the correct composite model
(if you have more than one) you could double click on the static generator in the single line
diagram. On the basic data page is a link to the composite model:

Here you have to change the power measurement PQ LV ; you have to enter the active
power of the WTG times the number of parallel machines. In case of 30 parallel machines
and 3 MW you have to enter here 90 MW

Please not that you have also to match the used transformer type.

Changing the nominal AC voltage

You could also change the nominal voltage of the machine if your machine has a different
nominal grid side voltage. The only modification you have to do is changing the nominal voltage
of the terminal to which the static generator is connected.

Changing the reactive power support during faults

The fully rated wind generator could support the voltage during a voltage dip according to the
Transmission Code 2007 and also according to the SDLWindV [1]. The two characteristics are
shown in Figure 4.1.

Figure 4.1: Reactive Power Support (a) Transmission Code 2007 and (b) SDLWindV [1]

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4 How to Customize the Model

The settings for the reactive power support could be changed in the PQ Controller block. This
common model is part of the composite model FullyRatedConv Control. To find the correct
composite model (if you have more than one) you could double click on the static generator in
the single line diagram. On the basic data page is a link to the composite model:

Open then the PQ Controller. The parameter i EEG changes between the characteristic (a) if it
is 0 and characteristic (b) if the parameter is 1. The voltage deadband could be changed with
the parameter deltaU and the gain (indicated with K in Figure 4.1) could be changed with the
parameter K deltaU.

If characteristic (a) is selected it is also possible to configure the speed of the active power
recovery. This could be done with the parameter ramp.

Changing active power reduction during over frequency

The WTG could also reduce the active power during over frequency conditions (for this is also
the slow PLL needed). The behaviour of this active power reduction could be configured in the
block OverFrequPowerReduction. This common model is part of the composite model FullyRat-
edConv Control. To find the correct composite model (if you have more than one) you could
double click on the static generator in the single line diagram. On the basic data page is a link
to the composite model:

Figure 4.2: Active Power Reduction during Over Frequency

The implemented characteristic is shown in Figure 4.2. There are six parameters which could
be changed:

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4 How to Customize the Model

Table 4.1: Frame description

Parameter Description Value

fUp Frequency which triggers the active power 50.20 Hz
reduction (higher than fLow)
fLow Frequency which ends the active power 50.05 Hz
reduction
PHz Gradient of the active power reduction 40 %/Hz
(proportional to over frequency)
Tfilter PT1 filter for frequency measurement 0.05 s
negGrad Gradient limitation for active power reduction -0.25 pu/s
posGrad Gradient limitation for active power increase 0.25 pu/s

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5 References

5 References
[1] Ordinance on System Services by Wind Energy Plants SDLWindV, 2009.
[2] Technical Reference ”Static Generator”. DIgSILENT GmbH, Gomaringen, Germany, 2019.

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List of Figures

List of Figures

3.1 Frame Definition WTG FRC Frame incl Current Ctrl (∗ .BlkDef) . . . . . . . . . . 3

4.1 Reactive Power Support (a) Transmission Code 2007 and (b) SDLWindV [1] . . . 5

4.2 Active Power Reduction during Over Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

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List of Tables

List of Tables

3.1 Frame description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

4.1 Frame description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

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List of Tables

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