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PROGRAM NAME: ETABS

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AISC DG31 Example 004

COMPOSITE CELLULAR BEAM DESIGN

EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION
A 50 ft-long floor beam with simple supports, as shown below, will be evaluated as
a composite cellular section subject to uniform loading. The section is an
asymmetric section, consisting of a cut W21x44 for the top half, and of a cut
W21x57 for the bottom half. Assume that connections exist on either end to provide
stability during construction (prior to the deck being attached) and that the
connections are sufficiently rigid to prevent web post buckling at the first web post
on each end. Also, assume that the beam has been checked in its pre-composite
stage for the wet concrete weight and construction loads.

MEMBER PROPERTIES, GEOMETRY, DECK, AND LOADING

Member Properties Geometry Deck: Loading

W21x44+W21x57 Span, L = 50 ft hr = 2 in. wd = 650.6 plf (Dead Load)
→LB21x44/57 Spacing, 8 ft. o.c. tc = 3 in. wl = 800 plf (Live Load)
E = 29000 ksi Bracing, Lb = 0 in w = 145 pcf
Fy = 50 ksi f c' = 3 ksi
D0 = 20.8 in.
e = 8.0 in.

AISC DG31 Example 004 - 1

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TECHNICAL FEATURES OF ETABS TESTED

Composite cellular beam design.

RESULTS COMPARISON
Independent results in this table are taken from the hand calculations presented
below. These calculations parallel, and at times adjust, the calculations presented in
Example 4.4 from “Design Guide 31: Castellated and Cellular Beam Design”,
Design Guide Series Number 31, AISC 2016.

Percent
Output Parameter ETABS Independent
Difference

Axial Force in Top Tee at 1st 0.0 0.0 0.00%

Opening, Pu (kip)

Vierendeel Moment in Top Tee at 91.0 91.0 0.00%

1st Opening, Mvu (kip-in.)

Bending Strength of Top Tee, φΜn 146.0 146.0 0.00%

(kip-in)

Bending Demand/Capacity Ratio for 0.624 0.624 0.00%

Top Tee at 1st Opening

Axial Force in Bottom Tee at 6th 180.65 180.65 0.00%

Opening, Pu (kip)

Vierendeel Moment in Bottom Tee 48.3 48.3 0.00%

at 6th Opening, Mvu (kip-in.)

Tensile Strength of Bottom Tee, 290.5 290.5 0.00%

φPn (kip)

Bending Strength of Bottom Tee, 179.7 179.7 0.00%

φΜn (kip-in)

Interaction Equation for Bottom Tee 0.861 0.861 0.00%

at 6th Opening

AISC DG31 Example 004 - 2

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Horizontal Shear at 1st Web Post, 38.9 38.9 0.00%

Vuh, (kip)

Horizontal Shear Capacity of Web 84.0 84.0 0.00%

Posts, φVn-horiz (kip)

Local Bending Moment at 1st Web 364.3 364.3 0.00%

Post, Muh (kip-in)

Bending Strength of Web Posts, 445.9 445.9 0.00%

ΦΜallow(kip-in)

Vertical Shear at 1st Opening Top 20.5 20.5 0.00%

Tee, Vu-tee-top (kip)

Vertical Shear at 1st Opening 27.8 27.8 0.00%

Bottom Tee, Vu-tee-bot (kip)

Top Tee Shear Capacity, φVn-tee-top 49.9 49.9 0.00%

(kip)

Bottom Tee Shear Capacity, 60.1 60.1 0.00%

φVn—tee-bot (kip)

Vertical Shear at Beam Ends, 51.5 51.5 0.00%

Vu (kip)

Gross Section Shear Capacity, 212.4 212.4 0.00%

φVn-gross (kip)

Dead Load Deflection (in.) 1.7 1.7 0.00%

Live Load Deflection (in.) 0.8 0.8 0.00%

COMPUTER FILE: AISC DG31 EXAMPLE 004.EDB

CONCLUSION
The ETABS results show an excellent comparison with the independent results.

AISC DG31 Example 004 - 3

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HAND CALCULATION

Section Properties:

Top Root Section:

W21x44:
A = 13.0 in2, d =20.7 in, tw = 0.35 in, bf = 6.5 in, tf = 0.45 in
Sx = 81.6 in3, Z = 81.6 in3, Ix = 843 in4
Bottom Root Section
W21x57:
A = 16.7 in2, d =21.1 in, tw = 0.405 in, bf = 6.56 in, tf = 0.65 in
Sx = 111 in3, Z = 129 in3, Ix = 1170 in4
Hole Dimensions:
D0 = 20.8in.
e = 8.0 in.
S =e + D0 =8.0 + 20.8 =28.8in.
2 2 2 2
D0  D   S − D0  20.8  20.8   28.8 − 20.8 
loss = −  0  −  =−   − 0.80in.
 =
2  2   2  2  2   2 
1 D  1   20.8 
dt −top − net=  d top −  0 + loss  =  20.7 −  + 0.8  = 4.75in.
2  2  2   2 
1 D  1   20.8 
dt −bot − net=  d bot −  0 + loss  =  21.1 −  + 0.8  = 4.95in.
2  2  2   2 
d g = dt −top − net + D0 + dt −bot − net = 4.75 + 20.8 + 4.95 = 30.5in.

y = (0.5 D0 ) 2 − (0.225 D0 ) 2 = (0.5 • 20.8) 2 − (0.225 • 20.8) 2 =9.29in.

D0 20.8
dt −top −crit = − y + dt −top − net = − 9.29 + 4.75= 5.86in.
2 2
D0 20.8
dt −bot −crit = − y + dt −bot − net = − 9.29 + 4.95= 6.06in.
2 2

AISC DG31 Example 004 - 4

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PROGRAM NAME: ETABS
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Properties of Top Tees at Opening Centers:

Moment of inertia about x-axis – with the fillet radius taken as zero:
Area Distance to Ay Ay2 I0
A (in2) Flange Mid (in.3) (in.4) (in.4)
Depth y (in.)
Flange 2.925 0 0 0 0.05
Stem 1.505 2.38 3.574 8.49 2.32
Tee 4.43 3.574 8.49 2.37

y0−t −=
∑=
Ay 3.574
= 0.807 in.
top − net
At −top − net 4.43
I x −t −top − net = ∑ I + ∑ Ay
0
2
− At −top − net y02−t −top − net = 2.37 + 8.49 − 4.43 • 0.812 = 7.97 in.4

Properties of Top Tees at Critical Sections:

Moment of inertia about x-axis – with the fillet radius taken as zero:
Area Distance to Ay Ay2 I0
A (in2) Flange Mid (in.3) (in.4) (in.4)
Depth y (in.)
Flange 2.925 0 0 0 0.05
Stem 1.894 2.93 5.553 16.28 4.62
Tee 4.819 5.553 16.28 4.67

y0−t −=
∑=
Ay 5.553
= 1.152 in.
top − crit
At −top −crit 4.819
I x −t −top −crit = ∑ I 0 + ∑ Ay 2 − At −top −crit y02−t −top −crit = 4.67 + 16.28 − 4.82 • 1.152 = 14.55 in.4

I x −t −top −crit 14.55

S x − min −t −top −crit
= = = 3.24in 3
dt −top −crit − ( y0−t −top −crit + 0.5t f −top ) 5.86 − (1.152 + 0.5 • 0.45 )

AISC DG31 Example 004 - 5

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Properties of Bottom Tees at Opening Centers:

Moment of inertia about x-axis – with the fillet radius taken as zero:
Area Distance to Ay Ay2 I0
A (in2) Flange Mid (in.3) (in.4) (in.4)
Depth y (in.)
Flange 4.264 0 0 0 0.15
Stem 1.7415 2.48 4.31 10.67 2.68
Tee 6.0055 4.31 10.67 2.83

y0−t=
∑
=
Ay 4.31
= 0.718 in.
−bot − net
At −bot − net 6.0055

I x −t −bot − net =∑ I 0 + ∑ Ay 2 − At −bot − net y02−t −bot − net =2.83 + 10.67 − 6.0055 • 0.722 =10.4 in.4

Properties of Bottom Tees at Critical Sections:

Moment of inertia about x-axis – with the fillet radius taken as zero:
Area Distance to Ay Ay2 I0
A (in2) Flange Mid (in.3) (in.4) (in.4)
Depth y (in.)
Flange 4.264 0 0 0 0.15
Stem 2.192 3.03 6.645 20.14 5.35
Tee 6.456 6.645 20.14 5.5

y0−t −bot
=
∑=
Ay 6.645
= 1.029 in.
− crit
At −bot −crit 6.456

I x −t −bot −crit =∑ I 0 + ∑ Ay 2 − At −bot −crit y02−t −bot −crit =5.5 + 20.14 − 6.45 • 1.032 =18.8 in.4

I x −t −bot −crit 18.8

S x − min −t −bot −crit
= = = 3.99in 3
dt −bot −crit − ( y0−bot −crit + 0.5t f −bot ) 6.06 − (1.029 + 0.5 • 0.65 )

AISC DG31 Example 004 - 6

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PROGRAM NAME: ETABS
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Properties of Net Section at Opening Centers:

Moment of inertia about x-axis – with the fillet radius taken as zero:
Area Distance to Ay Ay2 I0
A (in2) Bottom y (in.3) (in.4) (in.4)
(in.)
Top Tee 4.430 29.47 130.544 3486.89 7.97
Bottom Tee 6.0055 1.04 6.262 6.53 10.41
Net Section 10.4355 136.81 3853.42 18.38

ysteel
=
∑
=
Ay 136.81
= 13.1097 in.
− net
Anet 10.436

I steel − net =∑ I 0 + ∑ Ay 2 − Anet ynet2 =18.38 + 3853.42 − 10.4355 •13.10972 =2078.3 in.4

Properties of Net Section at Critical Sections:

Anet −crit = At −top −crit + At −bot −crit = 4.82 + 6.46 = 11.28in 2

d g − ( 0.5t f −top + y0−t −top −crit ) − ( 0.5t f −bot + y0−t −bot −crit )
d effec − noncomp =
= 30.5 − ( 0.5 • 0.45 + 1.152 ) − ( 0.5 • 0.65 + 1.029 ) = 27.77 in.

Properties of Net Composite Section at Opening Centers

Moment of inertia about x-axis – with the fillet radius taken as zero:
Area Distance to Ay Ay2 I0
A (in2) Bottom y (in.) (in.3) (in.4) (in.4)
Transformed 31.3416 34 1065.61 36230.9 23.5
Slab
Net Section 10.4355 13.11 136.81 1793.5 2078.3
Composite 41.777 1202.42 38024.4 2101.8
Section

AISC DG31 Example 004 - 7

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ytr − net
=
∑
=
Ay 1202.42
= 28.782 in.
Atr − net 41.777

I comp − net =∑ I 0 + ∑ Ay 2 − Atr − net ytr2 − net =2101.8 + 38024.4 − 41.777 • 28.7822 =5518.4 in.4

Global and Local Forces in Top Tee at 1st Opening:

Loading:
wu = 1.2 wd + 1.6 wl = 1.2 • 0.6506 + 1.6 • 0.8 = 2.0607 kip/ft
Location:
x =e + 0.5 D0 =8 + 0.5 • 20.8 =18.4in.
Global Shear:
L  50 18.4
V=
u  2.0607 • ( −
wu  − x= =) 48.36 kips
2  2 12

( )
Vnc = 3 ( hr + tc )( tc ) 4 f c' = 3 • ( 2 + 3) • 3 • 4 3000 = 9,859 psi = 9.9 ksi

Vc = φcvVnc = 0.75 • 9.9 = 7.4 ksi

Vnet = Vu − Vc = 48.36 − 7.4 = 40.96 kips
Global Bending Moment:
wu x 2.0607 • 18.4  18.4 
M
= u ( L −=
x)  50 − =  76.6 kip-ft
2 2 • 12  12 
Axial Force in Top Tee:
Assuming full composite action and with a depth of concrete in compression, Xc,
equal to:
X c = 0.11in.
the composite effective depth of the beam, deffec-comp, is equal to:

AISC DG31 Example 004 - 8

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PROGRAM NAME: ETABS
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Xc
d effec −comp = d g − ( 0.5t f −bot + y0−t −bot −crit ) + hr + tc −
2
0.11
= 30.5 − ( 0.5 • 0.65 + 1.029 ) + 2 + 3 − = 34.09in.
2
and the compression force in the concrete, C1, which is equal to:
C=
1 0.85 f c' X c beff= 0.85 • 3 • 0.11 • 96
= 26.95 kips

satisfies:
Mu 76.6 • 12
=C1 = = 26.95 kips
d effec −comp 34.09

C1 26.95 kips < qX

Because = =i
∑Q =
50 • 21
X n
(18.4 − 0.5
= ) 31.4 kips , the
i
Span 50 • 12 − 1
assumption of full composite action is valid and the axial force in the top tee is zero.

Vierendeel Moment in Top Tee:

At −top −crit  D0  40.96 • 4.82 • 20.8
=M vu −top V=
net   = 91.0 kip-in
Anet −crit  4  11.28 • 4

Bending Strength of Top Tee at Critical Sections:

Yielding:
M p =M y =Fy S x − min −t −top −crit =50 • 3.24 =162.2 kip-in
Local Buckling of Tee Stem:
E
Because d / tw < 0.84 , Fcr = Fy and
Fy

M n =Fcr S x − min −t −bot −crit =50 • 3.24 =162.2 kip-in

Bending Demand/Capacity Ratio for Top Tee at Critical Section at 1st Opening:

M vu 91.0
= = 0.624
φ M n 0.9 • 162.2

AISC DG31 Example 004 - 9

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Global and Local Forces in Bottom Tee at 6th Opening:

Location:
x = e + 6 S + 0.5 D0 = 8 + 5 • 28.8 + 0.5 • 20.8 = 162.4in.
Global Shear:
L  50 162.4
V=
u  2.0607 • ( −
wu  − x= =) 23.63kips
2  2 12
Vnet = Vu − Vc = 23.63 − 7.4 = 16.23kips
Global Bending Moment:
wu x 2.0607 • 162.4  162.4 
M
= u ( L −=
x)  50 − =  508.49 kip-ft
2 2 • 12  12 

Axial Force in Bottom Tee:

Assuming full composite action and with a depth of concrete in compression, Xc,
equal to:
X c = 0.73796in.
the composite effective depth of the beam, deffec-comp, is equal to:
Xc
d effec −comp = d g − ( 0.5t f −bot + y0−t −bot −crit ) + hr + tc −
2
0.73796
= 30.5 − ( 0.5 • 0.65 + 1.029 ) + 2 + 3 − = 33.777 in.
2
and the compression force in the concrete, C1, which is equal to:
C=
1 0.85 f c' X c beff= 0.85 • 3 • 0.73796 • 96
= 180.65 kips
satisfies:
Mu 508.49 • 12
=C1 = = 180.65 kips
d effec −comp 33.777

C1 180.65 kips < qX

Because= =
∑Q =
50 • 21
X n
(162.4 − 0.5
= ) 283.8 kips , the
i i
Span 50 • 12 − 1
assumption of full composite action is valid, and the tension force in the bottom tee,
Pu, is equal to C1.

AISC DG31 Example 004 - 10

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Vierendeel Moment in Bottom Tee:

At −bot −crit  D0  16.23 • 6.46 • 20.8
=M vu V=
net   = 48.34 kip-in
Acrit  4  11.28 • 4

Tensile Strength of Bottom Tee at Critical Sections:

Pn =Fy At −bot −crit =50 • 6.46 =322.8 kips

Bending Strength of Bottom Tee at Critical Sections:

Yielding:
M p =M y =Fy S x −bot =50 • 3.99 =199.7 kip-in
Local Buckling of Tee Stem:
E
Because d / tw < 0.84 , Fcr = Fy and
Fy

M n =Fcr S x −bot =50 • 3.99 =199.7 kip-in

Interaction Equation for Bottom Tee at Critical Section at 6th Opening:

Equation H1-1a:
Pu 8 M vu 180.65 8 48.34
+ = + = 0.861 controls
φ Pn 9 φ M n 0.9 • 322.8 9 0.9 • 199.7
Equation H1-1b:
Pu M vu 180.65 48.34
+
= + = 0.580
2φ Pn φ M n 2 • 0.9 • 322.8 0.9 • 199.7

Bending Moment at 1st Web Post:

Axial Force in Bottom Tee at 1st Opening:

As seen above, the axial force in the bottom tee at the previous opening, Tu1, is
equal to:
Tu1 = 26.95 kips

AISC DG31 Example 004 - 11

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PROGRAM NAME: ETABS
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Global Bending Moment at 2nd Opening:

x2 = e + S + 0.5 D0 = 8 + 28.8 + 0.5 • 20.8 = 47.2in.

wu x2 2.0607 • 47.2  47.2 

M=
u2 ( L − x=
2)  50 − =  186.69 kip-ft
2 2 • 12  12 
Axial Force in Bottom Tee at 2nd Opening:
Assuming full composite action and with a depth of concrete in compression, Xc,
equal to:
X c = 0.26908in.
the composite effective depth of the beam, deffec-comp, is equal to:
Xc
d effec −comp = d g − ( 0.5t f −bot + y0−bot ) + hr + tc −
2
0.26908
= 30.5 − ( 0.5 • 0.65 + 1.029 ) + 2 + 3 − = 34.011in.
2
and the compression force in the concrete, C1, which is equal to:
C=
1 0.85 f c' X c beff= 0.85 • 3 • 0.26908 • 96
= 65.87 kips
satisfies:
Mu2 186.69 • 12
=C2 = = 65.87 kips
d effec −comp 34.011

C1 65.87kips < qX
Because = =
∑Q =
50 • 21
X n
= 81.9 kips , the
• (47.2 − 0.5)
i i
Span 50 • 12 − 1
assumption of full composite action is valid, meaning the axial force in the bottom
tee, Tu2, is equal to C1.

Horizontal Shear Force in Web Post:

Vuh = Tu 2 − Tu1 = 65.87 − 26.95 = 38.92 kips
Bending Moment in Web Post:
D0 20.8
M uh =0.9 Vuh =0.9 • • 38.92 =364.3kip-in.
2 2

AISC DG31 Example 004 - 12

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PROGRAM NAME: ETABS
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Web Post Horizontal Shear Strength:

φVn − horiz= φv 0.6 Fy etw−top= 0.6 • 50 • 8 • 0.35= 84.0 kips

Web Post Flexural Strength:

Elastic Bending Moment:

tw ( S − D0 + 0.564 D0 ) 2 0.2(28.8 − 20.8 + 0.564 • 20.8) 2
=Me = Fy = 50 1135.5 kip-in.
6 6

Buckling Moment:
2
D  D 
C1 =
5.097 + 0.1464  0  − 0.00174  0 
 tw   tw 
2
 20.8   20.8 
= 5.097 + 0.1464   − 0.00174  
 0.35   0.35 
= 7.65
2
D  D 
C2 =
1.441 + 0.0625  0  − 0.000683  0 
 tw   tw 
2
 20.8   20.8 
= 1.441 + 0.0625   − 0.000683  
 0.35   0.35 
= 2.74
2
D  D 
C3 =
3.645 + 0.0853  0  − 0.00108  0 
 tw   tw 
2
 20.8   20.8 
= 3.645 + 0.0853   − 0.00108  
 0.35   0.35 
= 4.90

AISC DG31 Example 004 - 13

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PROGRAM NAME: ETABS
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  S   S 
2

φb M allow= 0.9 C1  − C 2   − C 3 M e
  D0   D0  
  28.8   28.8 
2

= 0.9 7.65   − 2.74   − 4.90  • 1135.5
  20.8   20.8  
= 445.9 kip-in.

Vertical Shear in Tees at 1st Opening:

Location:
x =e + 0.5 D0 =8 + 0.5 • 20.8 =18.4in.
Shear:
L  50 18.4
V=
u  2.0607 • ( −
wu  − x= =) 48.36 kips
2  2 12
At −top − net 4.43
Vu −top −tee= Vu= • 48.36= 20.53kips
Anet 10.4355
At −bottom − net 6.0055
Vu −bottom −tee= Vu= • 48.36= 27.83kips
Anet 10.4355
Shear Strength:
h dt −top − net 4.75
Because = == 13.6 ≤ 1.1 kv E / Fy = 29 ,
1.1 1.2 • 29000 / 50 =
tw tw−top 0.35
Cv 2 = 1.0 and:
φvVn −tee −top = φv 0.6 Fy (dt −top − net tw−top )Cv 2 = 1.0 • 0.6 • 50 • (4.75 • 0.35) • 1.0 = 49.9 kips

h dtee 4.95
Because = == 12.2 ≤ 1.1 kv E / Fy = 29 , Cv 2 = 1.0
1.1 1.2 • 29000 / 50 =
tw tw 0.405
and:
φvVn −tee −bot = φv 0.6 Fy (dt −bot − net tw−bot )Cv 2 = 1.0 • 0.6 • 50 • (4.95 • 0.405) • 1.0 = 60.1kips

AISC DG31 Example 004 - 14

 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: ETABS
REVISION NO.: 0

Vertical Shear at Gross Section:

Shear:
L 50
Vu = wu   = 2.06 • = 51.5 kips
2 2
Shear Strength:
The root W21x44 and W21x55 sections have been defined without fillets in the
ETABS model in order to obtain the same tee properties in ETABS and in these
calculations. This will lead to in a different value of the gross section shear strength
because ETABS automatically assumes a fillet equal to one-tenth the flange
thickness when computing the shear strength of an I-section without fillets.

Making the same fillet assumption as ETABS for the gross section:
h 30.5 − 2 • 1.1 • 0.65
= = 83.06
tw 0.35
h
and because ≥ 1.1 kv E / Fy =1.1 5.34 • 29000 / Fy =61.2 :
tw

1.1 kv E / Fy 1.1 5.34 • 29000 / 50

=Cv1 = = 0.737
h / tw 83.06
and:
φvVn − gross = φv 0.6 Fy (d g tw )Cv1 = 0.9 • 0.6 • 50 • 30.5 • 0.35 • 0.737 = 212.4 kips

Dead Load Deflection:

5 L4 (0.651/12) • 5 • (50 • 12) 4

=δ dead w=
dead = 1.7 in.
384 E (0.9 I steel − net ) 384 • 29, 000 • 0.9 • 2, 078

Live Load Deflection:

5 L4 (0.8 /12) • 5 • (50 • 12) 4

=δ live w=
live = 0.8in.
384 E (0.9 I comp − net ) 384 • 29, 000 • 0.9 • 5,518

AISC DG31 Example 004 - 15