Sentences with one clause

Day 1
1. Kalimat harus memiliki 1 subject dan 1 verb
2. Tidak boleh double subject and verb
Subject
1. Noun : book, car, merry, people, bayu, putri
2. Pronoun : they, we , i, you, he , she, it, someone, nothing
3. Noun phrase (adjective+noun): the beautiful girl, an expensive car
4. Noun clause : - skiippp duluuu~
5. Gerund (Ving) : i like singing, singing is my hobby
Watering flower is my daily routine

Verb
1. Ordinary (kata kerja asli) : sleep, Work, run, etc
(V1, V2, V3, Ving, Vs/es)
2. Auxiliary (kata kerja bantu)
a. Primary : do, does, did, have, has, had
b. To be : is , am, are, was, were, been, be, being
c. Modal : must, can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, ought
to, had better

Have, Has, had

1. Mempunyai- (noun)
Eg: i have a car, she has a flower
2. Sudah- (v3)
Eg: they have eaten
3. Harus- (to + V1)
Eg: i have to go, he has to leave

John ate a pizza last night

They go to school everyday
Clausa
1. Independent (induk kalimat) yaitu kalimat yang bisa berdiri sendiri [Main
Clause]
2. Dependent ( anak kalimat) yaitu kalimat yang tidak bisa berdiri sendiri
[sub clause]
I cook rice (s v)
But you sleep (conj. S v)
I cook rice, but you sleep

Was : i, she, he, it, benda tunggal

Were : you, they, we, benda jamak

To + verb1 (as noun)

S+V
She, he, it, benda tunggal + V1s/es
She speaks english
They, we, i, you, benda jamak + V1

Modal + V1 (aktif) :
She can speak english ( benar)
She can speaks english (salah)
Modal + be + V3 (pasif)
I can eat rice (aktif)
Rice can be eaten by me (pasif)

Day 2

Preposition : kata depan

Contohnya : in, at, of, on, .............
About: tentang
From : dari
Between : antara
After : setelah
Before : sebelum
Until : sampai
Object of preposition adalah object yang mengikuti kata depan.
At home (object of preposition)
On Friday (object of preposition)
Objectnya bisa berupa noun, pronoun, gerund
With my girlfriend
Kenapa disuruh suruh hati-hati
1. Karena object of preposition tidak bisa menjadi subject
2. Object of preposition hanya berfungsi sebagai keterangan saja
3. Tidak boleh ada verb setelah object of preposition. (kecuali jika
sudah ada subectnya)

After his exams tom will take a trip.

In my opinion we should buy her a new jacket.
In the summer the trip to the mountains is our favorite trip

A, an, dan the (article) : membatasi benda.

At this school (object preposition)

In the past a career in politics

At the building site the carpenters with the most....
Appositive
1. Appositive berfungsi menjelaskan subject
2. Karena menjelaskan subject, maka appositive tidak bisa
menjadi subject.
3. Ciri cirinya selalu diapit koma
4. Appositive berbentuk noun, noun phrase,
5. Appositive tidak boleh berbentuk kalimat. (S + V)

Sally, the best student in the class, got an A on the exam.

S, Appositive, V ( pola appositive 1)
Mother’s Day, December 22, is celebrated by every woman all of
the world.
December 22, Mother’s day is celebrated by every woman all of the
world.

Appositive, S V (pola appositive 2)

....... , sarah rarely misses her basketball shots
Day 3 Present Participles (V+ing)
Participles

Past Participles (V3)

Participles (istilah lain dari Ving dan V3)

Kenapa disuruh hati-hati
1. Karena Ving dapat berfungsi sebagai kata kerja (Verb) dan kata
sifat(Adejective)

- Ving yang kata kerja, pasti diawali to be (is, am are, was, were, be, been)
- Kalau tidak ada to be, berarti bukan kata kerja.

The man is talking to his friend.

The man talking to his friend has a beard.
She is a boring girl.
Singing is my hobby
I like singing

1. The girl is sleeping in my room.

2. The girl sleeping in my room is my friend.
3. The girl reading a book in the corner is my sister.
4. The interisting fact was publsihed
5. It was interisting fact.
Kenapa disuruh hati hati dengan past participles
1. Past particples (V3) dapat berfungsi sebagai kata kerja (Verb) dan kata
sifat (Adjective)
V3 bisa jadi kata kerja bila diawali (have, has, had, is, am, are, was, were, be,
being)
Ketika tidak diawali to be aux, maka bukan kata kerja tetapi kata sifat.

1. She has a broken car.

2. The family has purchased a television.
3. The television purchased yesterday was expensive.

Regular (ed) Purchase – purchased – purchased

Paint -painted - painted
Irregular Buy bought bought
Pay paid paid
Teach taught taught
Build built built

She painted this picture yesterday

My mom purchased tv last month
The souvenir bought yesterday was unique
The book paid by my dad was expensive
The teacher taught many lessons at class
The teacher has taught many lessons to us
The building built yesterday was luxury
SKILL 1 SENTENCES WITH ONE CLAUSE

1. ___ is expected to target structural changes.

a) Normally
b) In the afternoon
c) The package
d) The numbers
2. Ruling party lawmakers ___ for an extra budget.

a) stimulus
b) have called
c) early
d) this year

3. The economy ___ recovering further from the damage.

a) it is
b) it always was
c) was surviving
d) was

4. ___ has called on parents to stay cautious and patiently.

a) Now
b) This evening
c) President
d) Ministers

5. The archipelago ___ to enforce prevailing health protocols.

a) important
b) is required
c) necessarily
d) this year

6. The decision ___ made by the school committee.

a) it is
b) it commonly is
c) is fixing
d) would be

7. ___ are said to stay in the skin forever.

a) Nowadays
b) This era
c) Tattoos
d) Ink
8. Artists ___ of showing little respect to original art.

a) also
b) have been accused
c) commonly
d) last year

9.Herbal ink ___broken down naturally by the body.

a) it is
b) it oftenly is
c) is made
d) can be

10. A number of brands ___ offering organic or natural nail polish.

a) are
b) today
c) intensively
d) they

Skill 2 Object Of Preposition

1. At school _ was good at Math and Science.

a) study
b) I
c) yesterday
d) where

2. After soccer ___ go out for pizza.

a) to
b) we
c) today
d) if

3. For each mistake ___ will lose half a point.

a) fall
b) you
c) tomorrow
d) which

4. After the service ___ was unusually silent.

 a) fix
b) Alex
c) fast
d) everytime

5. With a lovely voice ___ set herself to intoning the melody.

a) gets
b) now
c) she
d) by

6. Over the sink __ pulled the cork out from the champagne bottle

a) he
b) drown
c) together
d) alone

7. With this tool _ can do anything.

a) assist
b) I
c) useful
d) absolutely

8. At the top of the stairs _ paused.

a) suddenly
b) she
c) stop
d) immediately

9. For every three people who agree, ___ will find five who don't.

a) maybe
b) you
c) is
d) look

10. Over a period of ten years __ stole a million pounds from the company.

a) will
b) he
c) directly
d) lastly
SKILL 3 APPOSITIVES

1. ___, the largest state in the U.S., is north of the contiguous 48 states.

a) Last month
b) In fact
c) From the south
d) Alaska

2. ___, Roslyn Carter is the oldest living First Lady.

a) Former First Lady

b) Former First Lady is
c) Roslyn Carter is former First Lady
d) Her form

3. ___, a character created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is still popular on screen and in print.

a) In the last decade

b) Curiously
c) Apart from his career
d) Sherlock Holmes

4. ___, Leonardo DaVinci painted the Mona Lisa.

a) The talented artist

b) The talented artist is
c) Leonardo Da Vinci is a talented artist
d) His excellent talent

5. ___, a golden retriever, is my newest pet.

a) Since this morning

b) Graciously
c) Accompanied me
d) The puppy

6.___, Henry was able to carry the entire pallet of bricks by himself.

a) An enormous man
b) An enormous man is
c) Henry is an enormous man
d) His enormous body

7.___, an expert in organ-transplant procedures, took her nephew on a hospital tour.

a) The best
b) Separately
c) With his family
d) The chief surgeon
8. ___, Wassily Kandinsky is known for his colorful abstract paintings.

a) A bold innovator
b) A bold innovator is
c) Wassily Kandisky is a bold innovator
d) His bold innovation

9. ___, the popular US president, was known for his eloquent and inspirational speeches.

a) During 1991-1993
b) Charismatically
c) Since Cold War
d) John Kennedy

10. ___, Delaware is rich in history.

a) The first state to ratify the U. S. Constitution

b) The first state to ratify the U. S. Constitution is
c) Delaware is the first state to ratify the U. S. Constitution
d) Its first Constitution
Day 4
To infinitive (to + V1) [noun]
Perempuan yang membaca buku adalah saudaraku.
The girl reading a book is my sister.

In the grove the overripe orange

The papers being delivered at 4 will contain
Pasive voice [Be+V3]
Kalimat yang dimana subject menerima tindakan dari kata kerja.
Aku makan nasi (aktif)
I eat rice (aktif) (simple present)
Nasi dimakan oleh saya(pasif)
Rice is eaten by me
Rumus pasive voice : S + be + V3 +by
I am preparing the link (present continuous)
The link is being prepared by me (pres continous)

The governor books a room at hotel. correct

The governor book a room at hotel. incorrect
A pride of lions can contain (subject apapun, setelah modal harus V1 jika kalimat
aktif)
Tunggal + V1s/es harusnya contains
Jamak + V1

The tea plant (tunggal) is

The flowers of the tea plant (jamak) are
The major cause the ocean tides are
Sentences with multiple clauses
1. Dalam satu kalimat gakpapa kalau ada 2 subject dan 2 verb asalkan ada 1
connector/penghubung/conjuntion.
2. S V, Conn S V
Main clause, Sub clause
Skill 6
1. Connectornya harus di tengah : but, and, or, so, yet (tapi)
2. Harus ada koma nya (,)
Tom is singing, and paul is dancing.
Tom is tall, but paul is short.
Tom must write the letter, or paul will do it.
Day 5 (no one is perfect, but nothing is impossible)
Skill 7: Adverb time and cause connectors.
1. Posisi connectornya boleh diawal kalimat, dan uga di tengah kalimat.
2. Kalau connectornya di tengah berarti tanpa koma, kalau connectornya di
awal kalimat berarti harus ada komanya.
3. S V Conn S V
4. Conn S V, S V

I will sign the check before you leave.

Skill 8: other adverb connector

Before you leave, i will sign the check.
To demage (to invinitive) as noun.

Other adverb connector :

1. Connectorny doang yang beda.

I will leave at 7 if i am ready.

Although i was late, i managed to catch the train.

I dont know whether you like me or not.

Bedanya
- Jika menggunakan connector contrast dan posisinya ditengah, maka perlu koma.

Noun (kata benda)

1. Countable noun (benda yang bisa dihitung) : book, cat, pen, girl.
2. Uncountable noun (benda yang tidak dihitung) : water, sugar, sand , money.
Penggunaan amount of dan number of (Sejumlah/jumlah)
-amount of ..... diikuti uncountable noun

-Number of .... diikuti countable noun......

- they give us amount of money.

Few dan little

Many dan much

Skill 9: Gunakan kata penghubung Noun Clause (Noun
Clause Connectors) dengan betul
NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTORS
what, when, where, why, how whatever, whenever, whomever
whether (apakah), if (apakah) that (bahwa / sering tidak diartikan)
Contoh:
I know what you did
I: Subjek
V:Verb
What: Noun Connector
You: Subjek
Did (mengerjakan): Verb
Contoh diatas dapat kita ketahui bahwa Noun Clause (what you did) berfungsi sebagai objek
kalimat. 

Contoh: 
What you did was wrong
What: noun connector
you: subjek
did: verb
was: verb
Contoh diatas dapat kita ketahui bahwa Noun Clause (what you did) berfungsi sebagai subjek
kalimat.

Noun clause merupakan sebuah bentuk clause (klausa) yang berfungsi sebagai sebuah noun (kata

benda) yang berarti bisa menduduki kedudukan noun yaitu: sebagai subjek atau objek kata kerja atau
objek dari preposition (kata depan).
1. I know when he will arrive. (noun clause sebagai objek dari verb)
2. I am concerned about when he will arrive. (noun clause sebagai objek
dari preposition)
3. When he will arrive is not important. (noun clause sebagai subjek kalimat)

Pada contoh kalimat pertama, terdapat dua klausa, I know dan he will arrive. Ke dua klausa ini
dihubungkan oleh connector (kata penghubung) when. When mengubah klausa he will arrive menjadi
sebuah noun clause yang berfungsi sebagai objek dari kata kerja know.

Pada Contoh ke dua, ke dua klausa I know dan he will arrive yang dihubungkan oleh connector (kata
penghubung) when. When mengubah klausa he will arrive menjadi sebuah noun clause yang berfungsi
sebagai objek dari preposition about.

Pada contoh ke tiga lebih sulit. Pada contoh kalimat ini, terdapat dua klausa, tapi agak susah untuk
dikenali.  He will arrive merupakan subjek dari kalimat.Perhatikan:

When he will arrive is not important.

When he will arrive (subjek)
When: connector
he: subjek
will arrive: verb dari klausa he will arrive
is: verb dari kalimat
Contoh di bawah ini menggambarkan bagaimana pola kalimat ini dijadikan sebagai soal dalam
test Structure TOEFL. 
Contoh
_______ was late caused many problems.
a) That he
b) The driver
c) There
d) Because

Dapat segera diketahui bahwa kalimat di atas mempunyai 2 verb (was dan caused) dan setiap verb butuh
subjek. Sementara dari kalimat di atas tidak nampak satupun subjek. Jadi kita butuh 2 subjek. Jawaban
d) Because jelas salah karena bukan subjek. c) dan b) hanya punya 1 subjek. Jadi pilihan jawaban paling
tepat yaitu: a) That he. He merupakan subjek dari was. Sementara that menjadi connector yang
mejadikan status he was late menajadi subjek dari verb caused. Perhatikan:
 He was late.
 It caused many problems.
 That he was late caused many problems. (kenyataan bahwa dia terlambat menyebabakan
banayk masalah)

THAT HE WAS LATE CAUSED MANY PROBLEMS

Conn S V

What = menanyakan Verb & S/O benda mati

Who = menanyakan Subject orang

What are you doing?

I am writing the letter

What is in the box?

A book is in the box

Who is in the room?

Skill 11: use adjective clause connectors.
Yaitu klausa yang berfungsi sebagai kata sifat. Klausa ini
berfungsi menjelaskan benda.
The beautiful girl
Beautiful : adjective
Girl : noun
The small book

Kalau di adjective clause, adjective clausenya itu terletak

setelah noun. Contohnya nih:
The girl that you love
The book which you buy

Jadi , adjective clause juga menggunakan connector dengan

pola : Conn S V
Whom (orang)
Which (benda)
That (bisa orang bisa juga benda)
The girl whom you love
The book which you buy
The president ..... i met yesterday was handsome
a. Which
b. Who
c. Whom
The boy brings a book
I know him well
The boy whom I know well brings a book
1. The woman is filling the glass.
2. She put it on the table.
3. The woman is filling the glass that she put on the table.
4. S V O Conn S V
Perempuan yang kamu cintai adalah milikku
The girl that you love is mine.
Laki laki yang kamu ajari adalah adikku.
The boy whom you teach is my brother.

I liked the book.

You recommended the book.
I liked the book which you recommended.
Causative verb
Make, get, have, let = memaksa, meminta, menyuruh, merayu
I make her wash my clothes
She has me buy her new book
They made our family walk to their house
S + Caus Verb + O + V1 + O2
The enthusiasm made me feel welcome

He greeted me with it

the enthusiasm with which he

greeted me made me feel welcome

SVO
S V O Conn S v = adjective clause menjelaskan object
S Conn S V V =adjective clause menjelaskan subject.

Skill 12 : adjective clause connectors/subject.

Connectors/S + verb
1. The woman is filling the glass.
2. The glass is on the table. (the glass sebagai subject)
3. The woman is filling the glass that is on the table. (Pada
kalimat ini, setelah connector tidak ada subject
dikarenakan sebenarnya “the glass” itu adalah subjectnya
sehingga langsung Conn V)

I met the boy

He is very handsome
I met the boy who is very handsome

The girl is reading a book

I met her in a library
The girl whom I met in a library is reading a book

The bag looks expensive

She bought it at the store
The bag which she bought at the store looks expensive

I have a car
It looks new
I have a car which looks new
Bandingkan dengan skill 11
1. The woman is filling the glass.
2. She put the glass on the table. (Di skill 11, pada klausa ke 2
ini bendanya “the glass berfungsi sebagai object, berbeda
dengan ketika di skill 12. “the glass” berfungsi sebagai
subject)
3. The woman is filling the glass that she put on the table.

Connector adjective clause as subject

Connector adjective clause as object
Who Verb (orang) whom S Verb
Which Verb (benda) which S Verb
That Verb (orang atau benda) that S Verb
Aku melihat laki-laki yang menutup pintu.
I saw the man who closed the door.
1. I saw the man.
2. He closed the door.
Rumus
S V O Conn V
S Conn V V
She needs a secretary who types fast.
The boy ….. I listen to gets troubles
a. Who
b. Whom
c. Which
d. Because of

The girl …. Comes to my class writes a novel

a. Which
b. Whom
c. Who
d. When
Skill 11 Adj. clause (as object)
People whom subject + verb
Things which subject + verb

Skill 12 Adj. clause (as Subject)

People who verb

Things which verb

The pedestrian ..... walked at park looks familiar

a. Whom
b. Who
 c. Which
d. Where

A construction ...... we built last night was appreciated by

the governor
a. Which
b. Who
c. Why
d. Whom

Who, tidak perlu subject

Kalau whom , perlu subject.
The report on the nuclear power plant indicated

That When the plant had gone online it had been unsafe

C adv s v
DAY 9

CAUSATIVE VERB
Causative verb adalah kata kerja yang kita gunakan untuk menyuruh
seseorang melakukan suatu hal bisa dengan cara halus (meminta tolong dengan
sopan sampai memerintah). Let, make, dan have.

Let/lets
S + (Let/Lets) + O + (Simple Verb)
my mother lets me choose the dress. (Ibu saya mengizinkan/menyuruh saya
memilih gaun)

make/makes/made
S + (Make/Makes/Made) + O + (Simple Verb)
I made my computer work. (Saya membuat komputer saya berfungsi)
Tio makes his sister do his homework. (Tio meminta/memaksa saudara
perempuannya mengerjakan PR-nya)
You make my brother study English everyday. (kamu meminta/memaksa adikku
belajar bahasa inggris.

Has/have/had
S + (Has/Have/Had) + O + (Simple Verb)+ Object
I have her clean the house. (Saya meminta kepadanya untuk membersihkan
rumah).
My friend has me go to Jakarta. (temanku meminta/menyuruhku pergi ke Jakarta)
And , menghubungkan hal yang setara.
Modal + V1.
Conn S V

The same symptoms that occur with amphetamines can occur with cocain.

It has been feasible

S + have/has + V3
S + have/has + been + ANA
I have been hungry.
I have eaten
S + V1
S + is/am/are + Ving.

Noun
#countable
1. singular
2. plural (s/es)
#uncountable
Eg :
Money is/are everything
Water consist/consists of Oxygen
Sugar is/are sweet

The same symptoms that occur with amphetamines can occur with cocaine
The report on the nuclear power plant indicated
S V
That When the plant had gone online it had been unsafe
C Adverbial clause S V

The Report on the nuclear power plant indicated

That it had been unsafe
When the plant had gone online

When yesterday I went home, she was sleeping

C adv S V
Reduce : mengurangi/menghilangkan.
Skill 13: reduce adjective clause correctly.
Menghilangkan connector dan to be.

1. The woman who is waving to us is the tour guide.

The woman waving to us is the tour guide.
2. The letter which was written last week arrived today.
The letter written last week arrived today.
3. The pitcher that is on the table is full of iced tea.
The pitcher on the table is full of iced tea.

A building that was built by the workers is really high

The man talking to his friend has a beard.

The man who is talking to his friend has a beard.

The television purchased yesterday was expensive.

The television which is purchased yesterday was expensive.

I don’t understand the article which appears in today’s paper.

Kalau tidak ada to be nya, berarti tidak bisa reduce. Nah, kalau
tidak to be nya berarti bisa di omitting . apa itu ?
Yaitu menghilangkan conn, dan kemudian merubah verb nya
menjadi Ving.
I don’t understand the article appearing in today’s paper.

The woman whom I just met is the tour guide.

Tidak bisa di reduce , karena ada subject after conn.
the student that is in europe has a better chance to
join the club

The boy who met me is my cousin

The boy meeting me is my cousin

The car which parked in front of my house was mine

The president that coming to my city was riding a motorcycle

Yang bisa direduce adalah yang memiliki conn dan be secara

bersamaan.

After noun , kalau gak v3 berarti Ving.

V3: yang di-/ter-
Ving : yang me-/be-

The mayor of town serving a term of four years will face

The food which is placed

The food placed.

The meal, which is dissatisfied with the service at the restaurant,

was really not enjoyable

Marry, who is impressed with everything she had heard about the
course, signed her children up for it
The man …….. to his friend has a beard.
a. Talking
b. Told

Skill 14: reduce adverbial clauses

Yaitu menghilangkan subject dan to be.
Although he is rather unwell, the speaker will take part in the seminar.
Although rather unwell, the speaker will take part in the seminar.

Although he feels rather sick, the speaker will take part in the seminar.
Although feeling rather sick, the speaker will take part in the seminar.
Jika tidak ada to be, maka di omitting . artinya menghilangkan subject
dan kemudian merubah verb nya menjadi ving.
1. When ___S V___ nests during spring nesting season, Canadian geese are fiercely
territorial.
When Canadian geese build nest during when building
A. building
B. are building
C. built
D. are built

2. In 1870, Calvin, along with Adirondack hunter Alvah Dunning, made the first known
ascent of Seward Mountain, ______ far from roads of trails.
A. a remote peak
B. it is a remote peak
C. a remote peak is
D. which is a remote peak (belum direduce)

3. Kokanee salmon begin to deteriorate and die soon ______ at the age of four.
A. they spawn
B. after spawning = after kokanee salmon spawn
C. spawn
D. spawned the salmon

4. _hidden_____ behind government secrecy for nearly half a century, the Hanford
plant in central Washington produced plutonium for the nuclear weapons of the Cold
War.
A. It is hidden
B. Hidden = which is hidden
C. Which is hidden
D. The plant is hiding

5. Until __ S V____ incorrect, astronomers had assumed that the insides of white dwarfs
were uniform.
A. they
B. their proof
C. the astronomers recently proven
D. recently proven = the asronomers were recently proven

6. ______ artifacts from the early Chinese dynasties, numerous archaeologist have
explored the southern Silk Road.
A. They were searching for
B. It was a search for
C. Searched for
D. Searching for

7. In Hailey, the best known lecturer was women’s rights activist Abigail Scott Duniway
of Portland, Oregon, who could usually be persuaded to speak ______ town visiting
her son.
A. she was in
B. while in = while she was in
C. while she was
D. was in

8. The National Restaurant ______ Washington, says that federal efforts to regulate
workplace smoking would limit restaurants’ ability to respond to the desires of their
patrons.
SV
A. Association in kalau mau pilih ini, hapus koma nya
B. Association is in
C. Association which is in in kalau mau pilih ini, hapus koma nya
D. Association, based in = which is based in

9. ______ in North American waterways a little over a decade ago, zebra mussels have
already earned a nasty reputation for their expensive habit of clogging water pipes in
the Great Lakes area.
Although zebra mussels are first sighted
A. The first sighting
B. Although first sighted
C. Zebra mussels were first sighted
D. First sighting

10. Small companies may take their goods abroad for trade shows without paying foreign
value – added taxes by acquiring ______ an ATA carnet.
A. a document calls
B. a document called
C. calls a document
D. called a document
 Choose the letter of the word or group of words that best completes the sentence.
1. In the United States __ S V____ approximately four million miles of roads, streets,
and highways.
A. there
B. is
C. they
D. there are

2. ______ twelve million immigrants entered the United States via Ellis Island.
A. More than
B. There were more than
C. Of more than
D. The report of

3. The television, ______ so long been a part of our culture, has an enormous
influence.
A. has
B. it has
C. which
D. which has = Conn V
Appositivenya dalam bentuk aadjective clause

4. Psychologists have traditionally maintained that infants cannot formulate long – term
memories until ___S V___ the age of eight or nine months.
A. they
B. they reach
C. to reach
D. reach

5. ______ a cheese shop has since grown into a small conglomerate consisting of a
catering business and two retail stores.
A. In the beginning of
B. It began as
C. Its beginning which was
D. What began as = subject nya berupa noun clause
6. Primarily a government contractor, __S V____ preferential treatment from
government agencies as both a minority – group member and a woman.
A. receives Weber
B. Weber receives
C. the reception of Weber
D. according to Weber’s reception

7. Because the project depends on ______ at the federal level, the city and county may
have to wait until the budget cutting ends.
A. it happens
B. which happening
C. what happens
D. that is happens

8. ______ definitive study of a western hard-rock mining community cemetery appears

to have been done is in Silver City, Nevada.
A. Most
B. The most
C. Where most
D. Where the most

9. One of the areas of multimedia that is growing quickly ______ is sound.

One of the areas of multimedia that is growing quickly yet is easly overlooked is sound.
The girl that is beautiful and is rich is my friend
I have a car and a house
I like you, but you don’t like me
(kalau coordinate conector menghubungkan kata, maka tak perlu koma)

The girl that is beautiful and is rich is my sister

A. yet is easily overlooked
B. is easily overlooked
C. it is easily overlooked
D. that is easily overlooked

10. ______, early approaches for coping with workplace stress dealt with the problem
only after its symptoms had appeared.
Although early approaches are well intended
A. Although well-intending
B. Although it is a good intention (sebelum reduce)
C. Although a good intention (after reduce)
D. Although well-intended
Day 12
A number of dan the number of
- A number of ….. + plural Verb
Are/were/have/do/v1
- The number of …. + singular verb
Is/was/has/does/vs-es
1. A number of students are going to the class
2. The number of students is going to the class
3. A number of workers is trying to call the president. (are)
4. The number of cows at field are eating the grass. (is)
5. The number of months are twelve. (is)
6. A number of drivers do not care about the rule
One of the area of multimedia that is growing quickly yet is easily
overlooked is sound

Correlative conjunctions
Yaitu conjunction berpasangan.fungsinya Menghubungkan kata benda,
kata sifat, dan juga kata kerja.
Both …… and …….. (dua duanya terjadi)
Not only ….. but also ……. (dua duanya terjadi)
Either ……. Or……..(salah satu terjadi)
Neither …….. nor……. (dua dua nya tidak terjadi)
1. Both romeo and Juliet join English community. (baik romeo dan
juga Juliet bergabung dalam komunitas bahasa inggris)
 Nurul is smart
Nurul is beautiful
2. Nurul is not only smart but also beautiful. (nurul tidak hanya
pintar tapi juga cantik)
3. Either nisa or her mother is a scientists.(kalau gak nisa ya
mamanya yang seorang ilmuan)
4. Neither my parents nor my brother enjoys watching movies. (baik
orangtuaku maupun saudaraku tidak menikmati tontonannya)
5. Not only the teacher but also the student will go to the museum.

He does not like swimming

you do not like swimming
Neither he nor you likes swimming

He drinks coffee
He eats sandwich
He both drinks coffee and eats sandwich
He not only drinks coffee but also eats sandwich

He doesn’t read novel

He doesn’t watch movie
He neither reads novel nor watches movie

He does not like dancing

He does not like singing
He likes neither dancing nor singing
 John is clever
John is tidy
John is not only clever but also tidy
He not only drinks coffee but also eats sandwich
He both drinks coffee and eats sandwich

The president orders both the minister nor the judge to come to
his office right now

Alike vs Like
Ada beberapa adjective yang berfungsi sebagai predikat dalam
kalimat, yaitu adjective yang muncul setelah linking verb seperti be.
Kata-kata ini tidak dapat diletakkan sebelum noun yang dijelaskan.
Perhatikan contoh berikut ini:
Eg : The snake on the rock was alive.
The alive* snake was lying on the rock.
Pada contoh kalimat pertama, predicate adjective alive diletakkan
setelah linking verb was. Kata tersebut berfungsi untuk menjelaskan
noun snake. Pada contoh kedua, predicate adjective alive digunakan
dengan tidak tepat setelah noun snake. Dalam kalimat tersebut,
adjective yang tepat adalah live. Berikut ini beberapa predicate
adjective dan bentuk adjective yang sesuai untuk diletakkan sebelum
noun dalam kalimat:

PREDICATE ADJECTIVE

Predicate adjectives Diletakkan sebelum noun

 Alike, alive, alone, like, similar, live, living lone
afraid, asleep frightened, sleeping

A sleeping bag was thrown from the high

Those sisters are alike

The lizard is still alive
She is beautiful
The beautiful girl is on my side
You and i are like twin brothers

The two brothers do not look at all alike

We completed our two projects in a like manner
Problem with subject and Verb.
1. Make verb after prepositional verb
The key to the doors are in the drawer. (Is)

Kalau subject tunggal berarti verbnya itu antara is/was/has/Vs-es

The keys to the door is in the drawer. (are)
Kalau subject jamak berarti verbnya itu antara are/were/have/V1
- The climbers on the sheer face of the mountain need to be rescued.
- The tenants in the apartment next to mine is giving a party this evening. (are)
- Because of the seriousness of the company’s financial problems, the board of directors have called an
emergency meeting. (has)
Because + S + Verb
Because of + Noun/Noun Phrase

2. Make verb after expressions of quantity

All
Most

Some
Half
All/most/some/half + of the + noun + V ( Verb nya mengikuti noun-nya)
All of the book was interesting. Correct

All of the book were interesting. Incorrect

Most of the sand at sea are clean and beautiful. (is)
Money is/are everything
- Some of the animals from the zoo was released into the animal preserve. (were)
- All of the students in the class taught by professor Roberts is required to turn in their term papers next
Monday. (are)

3. Make verb after certain words

Anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing, somebody,
someone, something, each + noun, every + noun.
 body one thing
any anybody anyone anything
some somebody someone something
every everybody everyone everything
no nobody no one nothing

Everybody are going to the theater. Incorrect

Everybody is going to the theater. Correct
Menggunakan Singular Verb
Nothing is impossible

Everything is possible
Every day is a beautiful day
Each year has 12 months
- It is impossible to believe that somebody actually admire that man. (admires)
- Everybody participating in the fund-raiser are to turn in the tickets by 8.00. (is)

Exercise
1. Each number in a binary system are formed from only two symbols.
a. A binary
b. Are = is
c. Formed
d. Only two
2. Scientists at the medical center is trying to determine if there is a relationship between saccharine and
cancer.
a. Is trying = are trying
b. To determine
c. Is
d. Saccharine and cancer.
3. Kepler’s laws, principles outlining planetary movement, was formulated based on observations made
without a telescope.
a. Was = were
b. Formulated
c. Made
d. A
There (is/are) 2 books
There (is/are) an accident
There (is/are) 2 people

Water is/are a natural material

Countable noun (many)
Uncountable noun (much)
There are/is much water

Degree of comparison (tingkatan perbandingan)

1. Positive degree
Untuk membandingkan adjective/adverb yang setara ataupun tidak setara dari dua
kalimat yang digabung menjadi satu kalimat.
As (Adj/Adv) as (+ - bisa)
So ( Adj/Adv) as (- saja)

Rina is beautiful.
Rini is beautiful.
Rina is as beautiful as rini (rina secantik rini)
Rina isn’t diligent
Rini is diligent
Rina isn’t as diligent as rini (rina tidak serajin rini)
Rina isn’t so diligent as rini (rina tidak serajin rini)
Teddy was quick
Henry was quick
Teddy was so quick as henry. Incorrect
Teddy was as quick as henry. Correct
 The minister was so wise as the president. Incorrect
Your house isn’t so big as my house. Correct
My neighbour is so noisy as the factory noises. Incorrect
Aturan degree [er/est] [more/most]
One syllable [er/est]
Eg : Hard – Harder –Hardest
Dry – Drier – Driest
Two syllables [er/est]
Eg : fussy – fussier – fussiest
(ous, ful, ish, ing, ed) [more/most]
Eg : Careful – more careful – most careful
Famous- more famous- most famous
(some, ow, er) [er/est][more/most]
Eg : Handsome – handsomer – handsomest
Mellow – more mellow – most mellow
Clever -
Three syllabels or more [more/most]
Eg : beautiful – more beautiful – most beautiful
2. Comparative degree (more/-er) (lebih)
Untuk membandingkan dua benda yang tidak setara.
Smart = smarter
High = higher
Beautiful = more beautiful
Arrogant = more arrogant
Comperative …. + than ….. rumus 1
More (long Adjective) ….. than …..
(short adjective) –er …..than…..
Tina is 24 years old
Tono is 30 years old
Tina is younger than tono (tina lebih muda dari tono)
Tono is older than tina
Tono is more handsome than rudi (tono lebih ganteng rudi)
You are more beautiful than your friend
His score is 95
Her score is 76
His score is higher than her score
Her score is lower than his score

The comperative , the comperative rumus 2

The comperative + sentence, the comperative + sentence rumus 3
Semakin……., semakin ……..
The more handsome, the more arrogant
Semakin ganteng, semakin sombong
Semakin cantik, semakin pintar
The more beautiful, the smarter
The more handsome he is, the more arrogant he will be
Semakin dia ganteng, semakin dia akan sombong.
The more you go, the more I love
(semakin kamu pergi, semakin aku cinta)
3. Superlative degree (most/-est) (paling/ter)
Smart= the smartest
High = the highest
Beautiful = the most beautiful

You are the most beautiful girl.

You are the smartest

The + most (long adjective)

The + (short adjective) –est

The most/-est …. (of/among/in/adj clause)

Dwi is the smartest student among/of her friends (noun plural)

Soeharto is the longest president in indonesia (tempat)
Hadi is the most handsome boy who ever met me
My car is the most expensive car which I ever bought

Conditional Sentence

Bentuk kalimat yang akan menunjukan sebuah pengharapan, pengandaian, dan

penyesalan

Type 1 [pengharapan]

If + Present, + Future
Future + if + Present
Eg;
if he invites me, I will come
I will come if he invites me
Type 2 [pengandaian]
If + Past, + Past Future (if I did, I would do)
Past Future + if + Past
Eg;
If she loved me, I would live with her
I would live with her if if she loved me
If I passed the test, I would apply for the company
Fact : (berlawanan dengan kalimat) [ present ]
She doesn’t like me so I don’t live with her
I don’t pass the test so I don’t apply for the company

Type 3 [penyesalan]
If + Past perfect, + Past Future perfect (if i had done, i would have done)
Past Future Perfect If Past Perfect
Eg;
If I had had much money, I would have bought a car
If I had worked hard, I would have got promotion for manager
Fact : (berlawanan dengan kalimat) [ past ]
I didn’t have much money so I didn’t buy a car
I didn’t work hard so I didn’t get the promotion

TYPE 1 [PENGHARAPAN]
IF S. PRESENT ( I GO/HE GOES ) , S. FUTURE ( I WILL GO)

TYPE 2 [PENGANDAIAN]
IF S. PAST ( I WENT/HE WENT ) , PAST FUTURE ( I WOULD GO)

TYPE 3 [PENYESALAN]
 IF PAST PERF ( I HAD GONE ) , PAST FUTURE PERF ( I WOULD
HAVE GONE)
If she ....... , i would cook a delicious food
a. Come to my house
b. Came to my house
c. Comes to my house
d. Had come to my house

If i were an artist, i would buy a luxury house

He would be famous if he were on TV
If he had met my mother, i will be happy

EXERCISE

Choose the correct conditional form to complete the sentences below.

1. If I had stayed in Barlinek, I would have found a new girlfriend.

2. He would do more to help the poor if he were the Pope.

3. If he goes to London on a business trip, he often will visit Soho.

4. We won't go to the film unless they arrive in the next 5 minutes.

5. She would have bought a new car if she had had the money.

6. If Yoko were me, she _______(go) to Manchester immediately.

7. They will talk to Jacek if he ______(come).

8. If Peter _____(think) twice, he wouldn't have made such a stupid mistake.

9. Kasia _____(become) a university lecturer if she studies hard.