lWULTICHOlCE PAPER ONE

When 'hydrogen control' is specified for a m m d metal arc welding project the electrode
would normally be:
a. Cellulosic
b. Iron oxide
c. Acid
d, ' Basic

You would certainly recognise a hydrogen controlled flux covered e l W e h m its:

a. Colour
b. Length
c ' - Trade name
d;' BS639/AWS code letter

When manual metal arc weIdipg ip being carried out on an open construction site, which
group of welders am most likely to q u i r e continuous monitoring?
a Concrete shuttering welding teams
b. P i p welding teams
c. Plater wlders
d. Plant maintenance welders

You notice manual metal arc electrodes, stripped of f

la are M i used as filler wire for
TIG welding. You would object because:
a. It is too expensive
b, The wire would be too thi& 3
c. The i n 4 composition may be wrong , -H
d, The wire is too short
*
When open site working, seriogs pwps& in metal arc 'wldsis brought to y q m o n .
What would you investigate?
a. Electrode type
b. Power plant type
rr. Electrode storage . .
d. Day ternpentwe

The steel composition in a struotd':&ntrAt i s 4 c h & fmm 0. I 5% 4 m n 0.6%

hanpanese, to 0.2%c a n 1.2% manganese. This might influence the incidence of:
a. Porosity
b. Cracking in the weld area 1.

c. Unde~utfor fillet welds

d. Lackoffusiondefects , .
-.I.
-
I I
I

One ofthe fbllowing alloys is nowmagnetic which?

a 4.0% chromium molybdenum
b. 12.0% chrgmium
c. Adtiostainlesssteel ,

d. 9.e~nickel steel
 b. Metal inert gas
c, ' Submerged arc welding
d. BothAmdC

0 @
Undercut is principally mused by:

b.
Excessive amps
Excessive volts
c. Excessive travel speed
. d. All the above

@ Undercut is normally assessed by:

.@ Its depth
Its length
It's blending
All the above

A welding procedure i s useful to:

a. Give information to the welder
b. Give informatttion to the inspector
c. Give confidence to a product
: d. All the above

An essential variable may:

a. Change the properties,of a weld
b, Influence the visual acceptability
c. Require re-approval of a wId procedw
d. All the above
I

A m a p ifyhg glass may be used during visual inspection, but BS 5289 states that its
magnification should be: ,

a. Up to 5 0
+ b. 2 to 2.5 0
C. 5t0 1 0 0
d. None of the above

When visually inspecting a fillet weld it would normally bc sized by:

. a. Theleglengths .-
The actual &at thickness
The design throat thickness
Both A and C

A planar defect is:

a. Incomplete fusion defects
.. b. '-, Slag inclusion
G. ' Incomplete penetration
, d Both A and C

Penetrant inspeetion and magnetic particle inspection me mainly used:

a. To aid visual inspection
 Because the application says so
To confirm visual mrtainties
All the above

De- outside the lim*. specified in a standard should always be:

a. Repaired
b. Reported to 'a senior pawn'
c. Assessed along with other defects
d,. All the above

MIG welding tends t? be susceptible to lack of fusion pmblems. This is because of:
a Poor maintenance of equipment
b, . Incorrect settings.
c. Poor inter-run cleaning
d, ' All the above

19. MMA electrodes can be grouped into three main types, -Theseare:
a. Basic, cellulosic arad d i e
b, Neuml, cellulosic a d rutik
c, Basic, wllulosic and neutml
d. None of the above

The main -,of porosity in welded joints is:

a. Poor access '

Loss of gas shield

'Dirty' materials
All the above

Cracks in welds may be due to:

a. Solidification problems
b. Hydrogen problems ,:

c. Excessive stresses
d. All the above

22. ,A weave technique may give rise to:

.. a. Better profiles
b: Improved toe blending
c. Improved ripple shape
, d. All the a b v e

With reference to a root penetration bead you would certainly assess:

a. Root fusion and penetration
b. Root cokavity
c. Burnthrough
d All the above

In a fatigue failwe the- a of the fracture surface is characteristic. It would be:

a. Rough and torn
 'Chevron'-like
Smooth
Now of the above

Stray arcing may be regarded as a serious defect because:

a. It may reduce the thickness dimension of a component
b. It may cause loquation cracks
c. It may cause hard w w
b d. All the above

Overlap in welds wuld be influenced by:

a. Poor welding technique
b. Welding process
c, Welding position
d. , All the above

27. Flame cut preparations may, during welding, inmme the likelihood of:
a Cracking
b. Misalignment problems
c, Inclusions
d. All the above
. .
Macroscopic -on requires any specimen to be inspected:
a. Once, after etching '
b. TwiceI before and after etching
c. Using a micro3cope
d. None of the a b v e

Which of the fallowing may be classed as a more serious defect:

a, Slag inclusions
b. Fwion defects (inter-nm)
c. Frrsioq defects (smface)
'd. Pomsity ,

A code of practice is:

a. A standard for workmanship only
%, b. A set of rules for rnandkcturing a specific product
c. Levels of acceptability of a weldment
d. None of the above

MULTICHOICE PAPER FOUR

 Movement of the arc in MMA welding by magnetic forces is called:
a. Arc deviation
b, Arc misalignment
c. Arc blow
d. Arc eyk

A m ~ u r g i c aproblem
l most associated with submerged arc welding is:
a. Hydrogen cracking in the HAZ
.,b. Solidificationcmcki~inthewldmetal
c. Hydrogen cracking in' the weld me&l
d. Lamellarte~nginthewldmetal

Oxy pressure and nozzle size in £lamecutting would influence:

a. The temperature required f i r cut initiati~n
b, The ability to cut M e s s steels
'c. The depth ofthe cut obtainable
d. None of the a b v e

The main usage of arc cutting/gouging processes is:

a. The cutting of single bevel preparations
b. The removal of deposited welds
c. The cutting of single U tqrpe.preparations
d. The cuttinglgouging of om-ferrow materials only

Which of the following processes joins metals plastically?

a Friction welding
b. Resistanc~welding
c. Plasma welding
d. A11 the above '

Which electrode classification would be relevant to AWS A5.1-81?

a. E 6013
b. E 5133
C. E7018-G ,
-.
d.
'
Fleetweld 5 .I.., . . %I CZ
i
Which of the following coatings is associated with stov-g?
a. Rutile . ' <=5
b. Cellulosic
C. Basic
d. Oxidising

- A common gas mixture used in MIG welding nickel alloys, to combine good levels of
penetration with good am stabiliw wuld be:
a, 100% C02
 b, 100% argon
c, 80% argon and 20% C02
d. 98% argon and 2% oxygen

Which type of SAW flux is more resistant to moisture absorption?

a. Fused
b. Agglomerated
c. Basic
d. All the above have the same resistance

@ The flame temperature of~xy/acstylenemixture gas is given as:

a. 3200°C '
b. 2300°C
C. 500O0C
d. None of the above

A large grain structm in steels is said to p d u c e :

a. Lowductilityvzrlues I' ' , , -

b. Low fracture toughness ~ d y e s

c. High k c t w e value values
d. High tensile strength

@ The likelihood of brittle fracture in steels will increase with:

a. A @ grain formation
b. A duction of in-service temperature tq sub zero temperatures
c. Ferritic rather than austenitic steels
d. AU the above
Repair welding is often more difficult than production welding due to:
a. The material being ingrained with in-service cohtamhmts
b. R h c t e d access within* repair m a . ,
o. The posaiblopositibn ofthe weld repair
d. All the above ,

Hydrogen cracking in the weld metal is likely when welding:

a. Carbon manganese steels
b. Stainless steels
L- c Micro alloyed steels (HSLA),
d. Low carbn steels

EN 288 standard would ~ f e tor which ofthe following:

a. Welder approval testing
b, Welding equipment
c. Welding procedure apppvd,
d. Consumables ~r welding

Porosity is d x b y :
a. Entrapped slag in the solidifying weld
b. Entmppd gas in the sulidiiing weld
 I . I
, ,
' -

c. E n t q p d metalIic inclusions in the solidifying v l d

d. None of the above
In a bend test the face of the specimen is in tension and the root is in compression. What
type of test is being carried out?
a. A root bend test
b. A side bend test
L, c. A face bend test
d. None ofthe above

Ultrasonic testing is more advantageous in detecting which of the TolIowing weld

imperfections, over other NDT methods?'
a. Lack of sidewall fusion
b. Surf8ce undercut
c, Incompletely filled
d. Overlap

Tempering is often carried out to regain toughness after wkch of the following pmcesses?
a. Annealing
b. Normaliskg
c. Hardening
d. Stress relieving

The pmsence of iron sulphide in the weld metal is most likely to produce which of the
following upon contraction of the weld?
a. Solidification cracking
b. Hydrogen cracking
c. Intergranular corrosion
d. Stress corrosion cmckhg

Austenitic stainless steel electrodes are gqerally smaller in length than mild -1 electrodes
because:
a. High amperage is used
b. Sklf lifk will be decreased
c. Their electrical conductivity is less than that of steel
d. They are m'dre expensive .,
@ The voltage necessary to maintain an arc during
a. Mains supply voltage
arc welding is termed:

b. Am cuma
c. Arc voltage
, d. Open circuit voltage

@ p e n MMA welding low arbon steel which electrode will give the gmatest deposition mte?
Hydrogen controlled
b. Cellulosic
 Rutile
Eron powder

@ Inherent rectification of the electrical output is produced in the arc when TIG welding using:
a AC with a s u p p s o r
b. AC without a suppressor
.< c. DC with reverse polarity
d. DC with straight polarity

Gamma rays and X-rays are part of a family of waves c d l d

a Acoustic waves
b. Light waves
\ c. Electromagnetic waves
d. Tmnsverse waves

A measure of the accuracy of a radiograph as an NDT tool is given by its:

a. Intensity !.
b. Density
c C. Sensitivity
d. Exposure

A surface breaking crack will be detected during a magnetic particle inspection if it is:
, .

Parallel to the lines of flux i

b.
C. At 25' to the lines of flux
d. All the above

The advantage of ultrasonic non4etnictive testing for Ihe examinnion of weldmolts is:
a. It can be used to locate flaws ,

b. It can be used to size flaws

c. lthasahigh~ensiti~t~toplanarhws
d. All the above

Under normal contract conditions weld procedure approval tests for pipework are:
a. Mandatory L-- .> .. .
b. Dependant on site and weather conditions
c. Dependant upon the contractor's confidence in his procedures
d. Only required h e n MMA welding is us.4
- .

,@ Fiydmgen controlled d e a d & were developed principally for:

a. The prevention ofporosity ,
b. The prevention of cracking
c. The enhancement of arc voltage
d. Their ease of arc starting

MULTICHOICE PAPER FIVE

Generally the most suitable methQd of detecting lack of sidewall fusion would b e
 Ultrasonics.
MPI.
Radiography.
Penetrant inspection.

Hot shortness is a term used to indicate:

a. Lamellar taring.
b. Solidification cracking.
c. Hydrogen cracking.
d, None of the above.

Cobalt as an isotope would generally be used on:

a. Thin material,
b. Tee joints.
c. Plate thicknesses greater than 25 mm.
d. A11 the above.
In welding procedure terms, a c h g e in essential variable means:
a. Requalification of the mid procedure..
b. Possible changes in the weld's micmstructm,
c. Possible cbanges in the mechanical properties.
d. All the above.

Weld symbols placed on a dotted line in accordance with IS0 requirements means:
a Weld on 'arrod side.
b. Weld on 'other' side.
c. Weld on site.
d. Full penetration required-

A welding inspector's main attributes include:

a. Knowledge and experia~w.
b. Literacy.
c. Honesty and integrity.
d. All the above.

Technically,a code of practice is:

a. A standard.
b. A 'set of d e s ' for the manukture of a product.
c. Related to welder and weld procedure approval.
d. All the above.

The correct term for 'cap height: is:

a. Reinforcement.
b. Cap profile height
C. Excess weld metal.
d. All the above.
A tensile test will assess:
a. Impact values.
b, Stress.
 Ability to detect h h t i o n s .
Both a and c.

The most serious defect typeg are:

a. Planar.
Cracks.
Lack of fusion.
All the above.

MMA welding of low alloy steels is moE likely to be performed with:

a. Rutile e l d e s .
b. Cellulosic electrodes,
c, Iron powder electrodes.
d. Basic hydrogen wnlmlied electradts.

Which of the following defects is more common to =Ids deposited by C02 welding than
welds deposited by MMA?
a. Slag inclusions.

-
b. Excess penetration.
c, Lack of sidewtll fusion.
d. Tungsten inclusions.

defect would you a p t to get in TIG wlb. in nondsmidiaed steel?

@ Undercut.
Porosity.*
Tungsten inclusions,
L i m misalignment.

@ Which ofthe following w arise from copper Inclusions .in.,ferntic steel weld?
a Weld metal cracks. .
HAZ cracks.
Lamellar tearing,
Porosity.

@ Which ofthe. following h likely to give the highest impact strength in M t i c weld metal?
a. Cellulosic electrodes.
Submerged arc with acid flux.
Spray transfer C 0 2 welding.
Basic coated MMA electrodes.

You suspect that ferri tic steel plates contain cracks in the r e p d edges. What NDT
method would you use to check this?- ,
!
..
-
a. Radiography.
b. Magnetic particle i n s w o n .
c. Penetrant inspection.
d. Ultrasonic flaw detection,
Which of the following defects would you not expect to find by visual inspection of welds?
a. Linear slag inclusions. . , , ,

b. Undercut.
 Overlap,
Linear misalignment.

Stress relieving is not heIpll in which of the following cases?

a. Improving resistance to stress corrosion ctackmg.
b. improving dimensional stability afier machining.
c. Lowering the peak residual stress.
d. SoReningthestge1.

What is the maximum hardness usually recommended for the heat-affected zone of a
medium strength ferritic steel weld?
a. 100 DP Hv.
b. 350 DP Hv.
c. 5 0 0 DP Hv.
d. 750 DP Hv.

What effect does mid thickness 1minations.h steel plate normally have when they are
located within a weld heat affected zone?
a. Cause lamellar tearing.
b. Fuse together to form a bod.
c. Affect the weld metal composition.
d. Cause internal tearing on a micro scale.

The permanent backing material for MMA welding of low carbon steal should be made
from:
a. Copper,
b. Low carbon steel.
c. QT steel.
d. Cast irna
+*

The overall length of a pipeline can be affected by:

a. Transverse shrinkage.
b. Longitudinal shrinkage.
c. Angular shrinkage.
d, Circumkrential shrinbge.

MULTICHOICE PAPER SJX

The weld dimension used to indicate the minimum strength of a fillet weld is:
a, Leg length.
b. Throat thickness. I,

c. Width o f bead.
d. Length of weld element.

An electroslag weld requires what heat treatment to improve the grain structure?
a. Annealing.
b. Stress relieving.
c. Normalisingr
d. Quench and tempering.

The most oommon typ of failure associated with sharp Nets, notches and undercut is:
a. Crystallisation.
b. Fatigue.
C. Corrosion.
d. Brittle fracture.

Weld decay in stainless steels can be avoided by:

a. Stress relieving.
b. Slow cooling after welding.
c. Addition of more manpese to the steel.
d. Addition of titanium to the steel.

An eutectoid mixture in steel is:

a. A mixture of ferrite and austenite. . ,. ..

b. A mixture comprising a substitutinal soid solution.

c. Called pearlite.
d. Calledkxleburite.

Low ailoy steels having a high carbon equivalent before welding will require:
a. A reduction in carbon content.
b. High pw-heat temperatures,
c. Low pre-heat temperatures.
d. No pre-heating.

The electrodes for welding low alloy steels should be:

L Used with a low current value.
b. One size larger than for gewral.pwposeelectrodes.
c. Used hr welding in the flat position only.
d. Heated in a drying oven before use.

The purpose of pre-heating low alloy steel pipes before electric arc welding is to:
a Refine grain stmcturei
b. Relieve internal stress.
c. Remd rapid cooling.

0
d, Regulate excessive expansion.
Welder qualification tests are designed to:
a. Test the correctness ofthe welding prowdm.
 Test the ~ l d e f skill.
s
Prove the weldability of the parent material.
All the above.

In positional MMA welding on pipework, welders are having dificulty in obtaining good
w i n g profiles when welding in the overhead position. Would you:
a. Advise them to increase the current.
-b. Advisethemtoincreasethevoltage.
c. Ask for a new welding team.
d. Suggat the use of a smaller diameter electrode.

11, Youhaveam8~msectionofaTbuttjointthatshowsasteplikedekctlyingoutsidethe
visible HAZ. W M would this defect possibly signify?
a HAZ cracking.
b. Toe cracking.
C. Lamination.
d. Lamellar tearing.

12. Which electrode deposits weld metal with the greatest ductility and resistance to cmking?
8. Rutile.
b. Cellulosic.
c. Basic.
d. Oxidising.

13. Which one of the following is not helpful inminimising angular distortion during welding?
a Use of double 'V' weld prep using balanced welding technique.
b. Pre-setting of work piece.
c. Applyingpostwldheatsoak
d. Changing h m a single 'V prep for thick material. .- \ :,

'. J
I I.
* \
14, Argon purging on the root side is necessary in the TIG welding of stainless steel to: , .
I
a Obtain full penetration. ,.
b. Obtain fidl fusion.
c. Avoid porosity in the root,
d. Obtain a satisfactory weld surface 6nish.

Which of the following can arise from copper inclusions in a mild steel weld?
Weld metal cracks.
b. HAZ cracks.
Lack of fusion.
Porosity.

16. Stress reIief is not helpful in which of the following cases?

a. In improving resistance to stress corrosion.
b. In improving dimensional stability after machining.
c. In lowering the peak residual stresses.
d. In softening the metal.
17. Stmy arc strikes are undesirable since they:
a, Leave a poor surface Wsh.
 Cause weld mmetal cracking.
Reduce corrosion resistance.
Cause local hardening ad cracking in the parent material.
Cold cracking is most likely to occur in a weldment if:
a. The rate of cooling is too fast.
b. The rate of cooling is too slow.
It lacks ductility at high temperatures.
Impurities are present at its b i n boundaries.

Chromium, when added to steel as an alloying element, has the effect of making the alloy
more:
a, Ductile.
b. Plastic,
C. Hardenable.
,d. Malleable,

When depositing weld metal, fusion will take place at the sides ofthe joint resulting in ~JI
admixture between weld metal and p e n t metal. This alloying effect is known as:
a, Diffusion.
b. Absorption,
c. Dilution.
d. Migration.

Percentage elongation of a metal undergoing a tensile test i s a measure of:

a. Elasticity.
b. Plasticity.
c. Ductility.
d. Malleability.

When ol longitudinal load is put on a lap joint, the stress set up is normally:
a Shear stress.
b. Tensile stress.
Compressive stress.
Residual stress.

23. When a metal is subjected to a fluctuating load, a condition of cyclic stressing can be set up,
which eventually can result in structural W o w n known as:
a. Tensile film.
b. Fatigue failure.
c. Yield failure.
d. Shear failure.

24. What happens to the mechmical properties of steel if the carbon content is increased to
0.5%?
L The material becomes sofbr.
 b. Malleability is increased.
c. - The tensile strength is increased.
d. Ductility i s increased.

Columnar growth takes place when'ametal is:

a. Cold.
b. Losing heat.
c. Being heated.
d. Being rolled.

If a low carbon steel pipe has to carry a liquid, care must be taken when making the butt
welds to ensure penetration is not excessive because it:
Reduces the flow rate of the Uquid
May increase the rate of camsion.
C& contaminate the liquid.
d. May cause excessive piw wear. .#'

27. When a steel suffers hot h & s , it is mostly due to the presence of:
a. Sulphur. /
b. Phosphorous.
c. Silicon.

When a nrcl is b e d to above its upper crilid temperature, the s m M u . produced is:
a, Markmite.
b. Austenite,
Pearlite.
Sorbite,

29. The type of crystal m d y found in a single run arc weld in the as welded condition is:
a, Equi-axed.
b. Polycrystalline.
C. Dendritic.
d. Columnar.

30. The first sub-zonein the heat affected zone of the parent m d nearest the weld deposit will
consist of: . ,. . . , - .
a. Large crystal grains, .
b.
c.
Small crystal grains.
Elongated crystal grains,
AT' \'/
/-
d, Distorted crystal p i n s .

MLLTICHOiCE fAPER SEVEN

0 Pipe welding codes are set up by:

 Welding opetlators .
State governments, ,. .
Associations, societies, insurance companies, manufhturers and the military.
Construction unions,

The different grain structure lxtwen the weld deposit.afld the base metal cm be determid
by:
a. A face bend test.
b. A root bend test.
c, A h m k s s test.
An etching test.

A root bend test is wed to test the amount of weld:

a Ductility,
b. Elongation.
c. Hardness,
d. Penetration.

What would be observed if a fill@ weld were sectioned qqc$ rslacm-etched?

a. The grain ofthe other beads is coarser than the f d bead..
'

b, he penetration and fusion into the root is very deep.

c. Each kad a p to be~distinctly separated from the adjoining beads.
d. The-grainstructure remains the same in all passes.

What is the most common cause of film in mot bend tests?

a. Too high a current setting. . ,,
b. Too long a pause in the down cycle of the weave.
c. Lack of fusion and e o n .
d. Too high a travel speed.

The purpose of a nick break specimen is to provide a test for:

a. Tensile strength and fp&mappearance, I X I

b. D u c t i l i t y d ~ t u r e a p ~ ~ c e, ~ : , .
c. Elongation and fracture appearance.
d. Soundness and fmcture appearance.
. . ..
' I , & I .

Which organisation publishes the most commonly used code for boiler and pressure vessel
welding?
a. American Welding Society. ,
b. American Society of Mechadical Engineers. ,

c. American PetroIeurn Institute.

d. American National Standards Institute.

< ' ,L.J,. ,

A low hydrogen electrode, according to BS 639, would contain:

No hydrogen,
Less than 15 ml of hydrogen,per100 grams of deposited weld metal,
 133
Between 15 ml and 25 ml of hydrogen per 100 grams of deposited weld metal.

-
Less than 25 ml of hydrogen per 100 grams of deposited weld metal.

The second run in a thee run butt weld using the stovepipe technique is h o w as the:
a. Filling nm. - I

b. Hot pass. , /'

Intermediate run.
Sealing run.

You could determine that an electrode is cellulosic by its:

a. BS 639 coding.
Colaur.
Trade name.
BS 499 coding,
, . -

Which type of i e c t r o d ~coating &es the k t volwninous gas shield?

a. Rutile.
Basic.
Oxidising.
Cellulosic.

Which of the following steels is likely to be more susceptible to hydrogen cracking?

a. Carbon equivalent of less than 0.25 %. ,
b. Carbon equivalent of 0.35%.
c. Carbon equivalent of 0.38%.
d. Carbon equivalent of 0.43%.
n Preheating and interpass heating q used primariIy for. .. .

a. Aiding fusion. . ,..... .

b. Reducing hydrogen content of weld preparation prior to welding.

c. Ensure a fine gmin size.
d. Slow down the cooling rate after welding.
K t 3 n *
sutrmergea .a ..I . . ..
arr: welas maae w t n re-cycreu T~UXare uame ro:
I " .1

a Porosity.
b. Course grain size,
Undercut.
Incomplete penetration.

15. Incomplete penetration in a single 'V' butt joint could be caused by:
a. Too large a root gap. :
b. Tmsmallamtgap.
c.
d.
Too high a heat input.
Too small a root face. "\ l i
/
'

In submerged arc welding, which of the following width to depth ratios would b Uely to
result in solidificationcracking?
a, 1:3.
 You are responsible for controlling welding on site. A large incidence of porosity has been
reported in recent welding. Would you investigate?
a. The electrode type.
b. Power source.
c. Electrode storage.
d. Day tern-.

The main =ason why all adhering scale should be removed when the pipe end preparation is
made by oxy-gas cutting is?
a.
...
Oxidisation ofthe weld metal is mumud,
b. The speed of welding is increased.
c. Pipe bore alignment is made easier.
Reduction of the weld deposit is prevented.

When manual metal arc welding low carbon steel, which eleckde covering will give the
greatest degree of penetration?
Iron powder.
Rutile.
Cellulosic.
Low hydrogen.

When tungsten arc gas shielded welding W e s s steel, which one of the following should
be used? . ,

I a. Alternator.
A. C. transformer,
D.C. generator.
Constant potential rectifier.

Which gas shroud should be used when tungsten arc gas shielded welding aluminium alloys't
a. Nitrogen
b. Carbon dioxide.
c. Argodcarbon dioxide mixture.
d. Argon.

22. The most common type of defect fbund in a structure when it is undergoing service is:
a. Fatigue cracking.
b. CrystalIisation.
c. Weld decay.
d. Stless hcture.

/O h the examination of n welded aluminium joint, macro etching may mveal:

a. Lack of inter-run penetration.
Carbon pick-up.
 Weld decay.
Micro cxacks.

MMA welds made with damaged electrode coatings are subject to:
a Porosity.
b. Undercut.
c. Excessive penetration.
d. Excessive bead height.

,@ Which physical test is more likely to reveal HAZ embrittlrment?

a. Transverse tensile.
b. All weld tensile. X
Root knd.
Charpy impact.

@ ~ o f t h Bend
. f o l l o u i n g d u m r b v e t e s t s i s n o normallyreq~fmwelderapproval?
tests,
t

b. Macro examination.
Impact tests.
Fracture tests.

TOOlarge a diameter of filler rod should not be used to make a welded joint because:
a. Excess reinforcement profile will be difficult to obtain.
b. The included bevel angle will have to be d d .
c. Root fusion may be difficult to OW.
d, The gap setting will have to be changed.

If pipe bores are not matched oomtly it can result in:

a Lack of root p e m i o n . q

b. incorrect gap setting.

c. Excessive root fks.
d. Overheating during welding.

A comedy made tack weld should slope h m the middle to the ends in order to:
a Aid better penetration at the join-up, , . .
b. Prevent porosity at the join-up. ,, , ,I

c. Reduce the electrade size required. . .

d. Reduce the overall consumable consumption.

Two low carbon steel pipes, 15 h m diameter md 6mm wall thickness, are to be butt welded
using the TIG process. To emure a full sbength joint, which of the following preps is most
suitable?
a Open single kvel.
b. Open single Vee.
c. Opensqmp~tion.
d. Closed square preparation.
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
PAPER ONE
1. d
8. a
15. c
22. a
29. b

PAPER TWO
1. b 2. a,
8. d 9. d
15. c 16. b
22. d 23. c
29. d 30. b

PAPER THREE
1. d 2. a
8. d 9. d
15. d 16. d
22. d 23. d
29. c 30. b

PAPER FOUR
1. c 2. b
8. b 9. a
15. c 16. b
22. c 23. d
29. a 30. b

PAPER FIVE
1. a 2. b
8. c 9. d
15. a 16. a
22. a 23. b
28. a 29. b

PAPER SIX
1. b 2. c
8. c 9. b
15. a 16. b
22. a 23. b
29. d 30. a
PAPER SEVEN
1. c 2. d
8. b 9. b
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

1. Tensile Strength. 2. Ductility. 3. Toughness. 4.Hardness.

5.Brittleness. 6 . Elasticity. 7. Increase. 8. Ductility.
9.0.2% 10. Cracking. 1 1. Increase. 12.Impurities,
1 3. Smaller/Thinner. 14. Corrosion. 15 .Increase....Decrease
16.Martensite. 17.Pearlite. 1 8. Cooling....Carbon.
19,Tempering. 20. Hardness....Toughness.
136
1. The ability of a material to witkand a load pulling it apart is called its
7mr;\c 9-2.k-
The ability of a material to be stretched out without bmWng is called dv&"p
An lzod impact machine is used t~ give indication of the
7ou"skfl.cM '
of a material.
Th ability to withstand indentation is called \L*? +&

The property of a metal to r d m to its o r i g b l shmp is called E\@~YT

Increase in carbon d e n t causes an 3w .eahb
in stmqgtb and hardness.
8. Wbeo &n
- + .
percatage increak, there is a decrease ih
a ' &&qJ
9. LOW &on steel contains less than B * bkev~lon.
10. Law ductility in a weld metal auld result in
' tr eG?
~ 5 ( *
1 I. Alloying is used to 9 m e c h i d and physical propatics of a steel.

12. Sulphur and phosphorus are not

13. Alloying allows designers to use have the same strength,

An alloy that contains a high pacentage of chromium and nickel would have resistance
to &wo%* . A

Q m h i n g a carbon or low alloy steel will result in an

3AG~&"hardness and
in a
in ductility.
,PC;+'
The hard constituent that results when steel is quenched is called bF' .
' I

The to& laminated shucturr that is formed on slow cooling of M t e and iron carbide
.. -
(cementite) is called ;.. .
-4

yblb
The amount of martensite formed depends on the speed of
,

@
4
Q ? '
and the pacentage
s;

of . & h ~
, ,
, J . . . a . I

A h r quenching, structure may be improved by mheating to 200-3OW.This is called

-l~\'~+'y bn~e
Small p-agss of chromium will increase the strength and bF ,while a small
percentage of nickel will increase -*"?,pCr*n

ANSWERS
.
a'
*c

,
:

Welding Inspection: Mdti-Choice Questions

* Paper 1 WV. 3)

I. Which mechanical test can be used to measure the toughnw of Weld metal, HAZ and Parent material?

A macro
B nick break
C hardnoas
w charpyimpact
2. Which is the best destructive twit for showing Iack of side-wall fusion in a 25mm thick butt weld?

A nick break
side bend
C Cha~pyimpact
D face bend wt

3. The principle purpwe of a welder qualification t a t is ..........

A to test the skill of the welder

B to assess the weldability of the mawids
to decide whid NDT methods to use
to give the wcMv pmtioe kforo doing produdion welding

4. A fabrication procedure calts for the toes of a!I welds to b"blended in" by grinding.
-
The most likely reason for doing this is to .......
<

make h e weld suitable for liquid (dye) p e n e h t insptction

improve h e fatigue life
C mluce residud'str~tw~
D improve the general appearance of the welds

5. For full penemtion single-sidedbutt joints, root bead p m e h h n and profile me mainly influenced by ......
LA root face
bevel angle
D included angle

6. Which of the following wwld be cause for rejection by most fabrication staudards when inspthg a t welds
With undercut.............

ad l amount of depth
a small mount of length
c .. a small amount of width
D a d l amount of sharpneis

7. When v i s g l y inspectjng the root t)aad of a shgbveebutt weM it should be cbecked for ..........

W lack of mot penelration

3 . HAZ hardnw
C tun@tan inclusiollii
D slas
8. The strength of a fillet weld is d e & m h d by .........
A leg h%h
B weld prom
weld width

C
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m M
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Welding Inspection: Multi-Choice Questions Paper 1 mev. 3)

9 . The European Standard for NDE of Fusion Welds by Visual Examination is ....... ..

10. Visua 1 inspection of a fabricated item, for a high integrity application, should cover inspection activities ..... ....

4 before, during and after welding

- - . ..,-
.-
B before welding only . "I J. ..
!
''Lp :'4
C after welding only
'! J,
5 . ..
D during welding and a&ex1wtldmgonly
?, I;.) ;.. ,- ' Y
1 1. Inco mplete root penetration in a single-vee-buk joint may be

A an excessive rmt face l r ' * :".

B an excessive root gap
the current setting being tm low

12. Inco mplete root fusion in a single-vee butt weld may be caused by ........

/ linear hisalignment
the root gap being too large
I
B.
root faces being too snail
weldirlg current too high
G ..'
1
;
5
/ ! .,
.
:. .. ;,,',-: - .'
. ..
#>
5

' 'I

13. When v isually inspecting the face of a fmished weld,, which ofthe fo1lowing flaws would be considered to be the
most serious: \ - . .' I . q..:$7-,! - . ,.,, l-.n T
A excess weld metal heighb..: : , k,.I :,.,; . , ,
B start prosity
3 -
. . - . I' I
' spaFter
'. :J ' ?.,I- '
I
- .%'.
: ,> ...j ., .'-f
',

14.A bur a-through may occur if ....... -

the current is too low
the root face'is too large
. G- - the root gap is too large
D the arc voltage is too high

15. A Code of Practice is .......

A a standard for workmanship quality only
a set of rules for manufacturing a specific product
C a specification for the W e d product
D a code for the qualification of wetding procedures and welders qualifications.
. .
16. A solid i nclusion in a weld may be .......

d entrapped slag

D
EY,"f"f"ztf2m fusion
none of the a h v e

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MATERMSlOIWING
TECtWrnY
 -:, r-?q

Welding Inspection: Mu lti-Choke'Questions Paper 1 (RW. 3)

'
.
, j ... .?.,
, 1

17. Which of the folhwing is a p h y r im-1. . , . , . . . .

/
, \ -
' ,, \
hid--. a'i of ~idswall

% WHY a slag inclusion , .

I .

.. . . . -
.
.<_ ..a
.-
D :*-
root concavity. -: - '
A.
--,.-. .... .

.
18. For fdk&we& it is normal practice h h e M & U W tonnsasm .....,. ..- - - * -*...*.

19. In a bend test, h

enthe face ofthe specimen is in tension arPd mot is in compression,the trwt is called .........

I . '
-.... ..:' ,-. ' ,a ,:-;+z q q < F '

a 1ongitudinrJ bend
.: -,.:? .*: b4h .a-t
20. Holv y porosity on the Nfac. of lome MMA welds made on a mmtmctiaa site is most flkslyto be &wed by .....

A use ofthe wrong class of qlectrodes

B the use of excessive current
moisture pick-up in tbc e1ecmie covering
D a bad batch ofektrwh

21. Slag i nclusions may be preserrt in .......

manual metal arc welds
B metal inert gas welds
C metal active gas welds
D all welds

22. 'The mai n cause of undercut is ....,..

/ excessive amp
B. excessive OCV
C excessive travel speed
D too low cument

23. Which group of welders is most likely to require mntinwusmonitoriag by a welding hpcdofl

- concrete shuttaring weldas

&
C
ovcrlmd pipcline weldas
tack weldem
D maintsnanoe welders

24. Which oft he following fillet welds is h shmgest (assuming tbgr are all made using the same material and
welded using the same WPS)?

-
8mmthmtofamitrefillet
7mm~eg+2mmexoessweldmd
mitre fillet with lOm leg
D concave fillet with 1lmm leg

Copyright @ 2200- TWI Ud 3 wmmmm

w MlERUul,,
m m Y

..
L;j>.&..&I
, .
h., - $,i>?<:.
.,
Welding Inspection: Multi-Choice Questions Paper 1 (m.
3)

25. A t ypical included mgk for MMA welding of a full penetration pipe butt joint is ......

A 3s0
70'
C 90°
D dependent on the pipe dim-

26. A fillet weld has an a w l throat tfikkmw of 8mm y d a leg Iength of 7tm.What is the e x a s weld metal?
.
. \:..
- 0 '., . f - >
7 -
.;

d the hundsrv between the weld metal and HAZ

B'
Cz
D
the bounda& Wween individual weld runs
the depth of root pmemion
the boun- bemaen &e w md psrreat material E C
28. If a Welding In spector detects a type of imperfection not allowed by the Applicatim Standard he must always .....

& C
requd fiuther NDE
rejectlhewe!d
pmpm a concession request
D only reject the weld if he considers it to be b a m f d

29. BS EN 970 allows t he use of a magnifying glass for visual i m p d o n but recommends that the magnifi&on is ....

not greater tban x20

30. The majorit y of welder qualifidm tests are k e d out using un-back4joints. Thi is because .........

A it f quicker, and cheaper, if back-gouging is not required

B if the welding processhis not TlG, back purging is not required
e- C dl welder qaafificatim tats am d m on d diameter pipe
a rcguim more skiill and inmenses tbc *I m a tnranee
o
i

w t Q 2007, mLtd
Welding Inspection: Multi-Choice Qnestions Paper 2 (m.3)

arc initiation
8' arc rni&ent . . : .- ' k-.,;, ,- , . .. . ' ,.rci .,: ..*
I , 4 blow -7
D arc cmsbictian
:5 4 . . . . . .
'

2. Which of me following electrode type b chified to sS EN 499 ?

3. Which of type of elemde is used for 'stove-pipe'welwg for overland pipelines construction ?

2 mile
cc*lulosic
--
-. . ., \-.__.
,
,.C high recovery mtile .f

'D acid-mtle ., 1

... I, . *
- f. ... " .>
4. The three niah types of MMA elecmwk used for weldidg @ 6 GMn steels are
I- ..
.....:;.
>:.
. ..e* :., a:,

LA( basic, cellulosic and rutile -(, ,

B neutrsl, os1hdosic and mile

C basic, cellulosic and neutral
D rutiIe, low hydrogen and basic
.
I

5. A WPS mrry w iy a maximum width for individual weld beads (the 'weave' width) when wlding C-Mn steels.
f
If the width is exceeded it may cause ..... \ \
lack of interm fusion 6Ww
-
a reduction in HAZ toughness /
Ci Iack of sidewall fusion
D too low a deposition rate \*
/

6. You notice tb+t Ml$A electrodes, with the flux owering moved, am being used as filler rods for TlG welding.
This should not be allowed because ........
A it is wmhl
B the rod dirtmeter b too large
the weld metal compodiw may be wrong
D tbtrodistmhrt

7. In TIG welding, what is the benefit of a e m t s l o p e ~d~ tw i 7~

A it reduces Tungsten spatter

it reduces the risk of crater cmckbg
C it reduces the risk of am s f r i h
D it reduces the htqmstempcPature
8. Which type of power s m &mch&ic is nonually used for dwelding?
A con&Wvo&e
flat
a motor generator
 Welding Inspection: Multi-Choice Qvmtions Paper 2 .-(R& 3)
9. In MMA welding, penetration is prinqdly controlled bjr ;.....,.
..- ----- - ., _.__---- .. . . ,
_"
A
", ,
A arc voltage ..--.... . *. - .- .
welding sp&d
I . fem-silicoq r h e e l e c d e ,coating
9'- *, *,. - - . - . , - - - ..
. -.-h , . .- A
.

10. pipe b or& of m e materials muqt b;purged wah Argon before anddwihg TIG welding & cdo to ....;.

B
prevent linm porn@ "='
prevent bum-through
-. d.
-
--\,

- . ...-..... . .- .

4 ~reventoxi~oftherootbad
D himinate moisture pick-up in &e r m t w .. ..__.__a*

mtrollcd by ..
11. The che mica1 compition of the weld metal d a p i t s d by a GMn steel MMA elatrode is ~~sualty
_ 4.-
.
A the core wire cornpition
d additions in h e flux coating
C iron powder in the flux &&ng
4 dihuianfmmthcbasc~al
, .
-.
12. ~jli&ni r a d d 4 Lo steel, and the covering of MMA elemodeq in ;her to give .........

U( deoxid#ion '

3 improve strength -+* - ,

C, improve toughness
..Di more r s s m to hydro- aking
13. A h i b l c msefi for TIG welding helps to ...........
" .. .. . . ... * . 1.- - . -
I
A reduce porosity "
B give cmmlled root WOQ
w
- '. C avoids the need for a back purge'.
it acts as a &king for the root mn

d g to AWS 2.4 n weld symbol for the 'otbd side is p h c d ........

'
14. A

A dmvetb~line
B blow dw &ed line
4 h v e the solid line
. D below the solid line

15. The term "low hydrogen electrode" b often used for d i n elactrodes. What type of covering will they have 7

16. A hydmgcdl cmbolkd MMA electrode am alwlrys bs remgnised by the ........

/ EN oode lats.(or AWS ooda number)

B electrode-1
C Trade Name
D oolour ofthe covering

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Welding Inspection: ~ u i i i i ~ h o i Questions
oe Paper 2 (RW. 3)

17. Accordin g to BS EN 22553 which of the following symtmls requixes weld toss to be smoothly Mended on the
'other side' ?

18. Which o f t he following d t s is ussd to express Heat m u d

A Joules
B p~/mm=
C ~lmm~
d kJhnrn . -.
, 8.

19. Which one o f tht following elements is added to steel to give resistance to creep at elevated m i c e temperam?

A Nickel
\ I3
. Molybdenum
D Aluminium
20. Nick b d c and fillet h a r e tests ara 4for .....

B assessing weld d Mi.

C assessing weld metal toughness %

.. !,D assessing~~tt0fractut.e
\
2 1. Which oft he fohwhg steels is considered to be non-magnetic ?

22. Weld spatter during MM A welding is most likely to be cwwd by .......

4 arc*isive cumnt
mQorrect baking and -?age of-e
'%D s bad batoh of c k d d m
too low an QCV
:* l *-
Welding in~pection: Multi-Choice Questions Paper Z (RW. 3)
used to .........
23.A qua lified Welding Roccdure S p ~ ~ i f dism A\]
A give hmmim to the welder
B give information to the welding inspector 4
C give confideace that welds will have the smified properties
all ofthsabve
24. A a arc strike (stray flash) on a st-1 component is regarded by some coda as unaccepable because ,.....

A it will cause copper contaminafion

B it may cmw k d q t q
,.C it may give d i g
vB)-' of both 3 & C_
25. In a trans verse tensile test, brittleness would be i n d i d if .........

- A there is a reduction in aoss-don n the position of h c b m

S/
C
thcR.cms~b8.tlmdfeiture1msWh.,amuJlnvRK
fracture o c c d in the weld metoll -
.
-'-.
F

D the hdwe hce sbows beach marks *\ ,/

7, ' --
26. The surface of a fatigut d w i l .......,
A be rough and tom
have sharp chevron markings
k ~moofh
D.- haveshearlips
27. What dms the n umber 14 1 refer to on this drawing symbol ?

A &e WPS Number

W the welding process
C a filIer material
D the acceptance standard

2%.The ~ t l p o l a r i yt used for TIG welding of all materials, except aluminium and magnesium, is .........

B Dcpitivt
C AC
D Square wave AC

29. A t y p i d k m p a h e w e for baking Basic coatad e i e e d e s is .........

30. If welding travel speed is doubled, but tbe cummt and voltage remain the same, the heat input will .... .
be reduced by 5 M
B be i n m a d by a fWor of two
C be abut the m e
, D be reduced by approximately 25%
Welding: Inspection: Multi-Choice Questions Paper 3 (RW. 3)
1. Which type of submerged arc welding flux is susceptible to moisture pick-up? b%g
A neutral
agglammtd
C fusad
they are alf about the same

.
2. A large grsh size, in the HA2 of a C-Mu steel weld joint, may have,....

A low ductihy
w low toughnHs
C high
D high tensile strength
r,
3. A
' -
STRA test is used to memum ........
Athe tensile stm@ of tBe wtldsd joint
Bthe level of midual stress in butt joints
,C t h e r r a c t m ~ o f ~ e M
9,though thiekaw ductility of a stsel plats (the 'Zdirection)
the

4. Tbe risk of hydrogen crsrcking is greater when MMA welding of ........

C-Mn steels
a t m i t i c staidess steels
low alloy steels for elevated teiq).mmice
D low carbon WCJS for cryogdc sewice ---- -..

5. The of a material that has the gratest influem on d d i n g Man is its.... .

A yieM strength
LP) co-efllcientof thermal expansicm
C elastic modulus
D co-efficient of thermal ~ ~ i t y

6. Which of the following is a suitable sbielding gas for FCAW of stslinleu Btbbls?
tM F
A
B
lOO%Ap
7O%Argm+30% He Ipl(*
";% M
Mu +f9
vv'
C Argon + 5% Hydrogen
4 ("b9
Argon + 20% C G

W solidi6cation aacldng
B hyh g e n cracking
C lamellar &g
D weld decay

-
8. A macro section is parthlarly good for &awing .........
*
the WM/HAZ mimshctm
\. A

\P/
C
0v"sIql
thejoint hadmw
D
Welding Inspection: Multi-Cfioice Questions Paper 3 WV. 3)

9. Which of the following procedures would be expectad to produce the least distortion in

A TIG weld single sided, multi-pass

:I3 MMA weld single sided, m ~ ~ s
C MMA weld double sided, multi-pass
SAW weld 1 pass per side

10. A s uitable gas /gas mixture, for GMAW of ahminiurn is .

A m'?4co,
, 1W/oArgon
C 8094 Argon + 200?C02
D 98014Argm + 2 % @

f 1. Which oft he following i s associated with SAW more oftenthan it is with MMA welds is ?

A hydrogen cracking in the HA2

W solidification cmking in the weld metal
C rt-heat cracking during PWHT
D lametlar tearing

12.ENISO5817 ( t e v e l C ) ~ e s ~ t h e l h i t f o r t h e d i m ~ @ ) o f a s ~ p ~ e h a w e l d k -
D 5 0.39, but max.4mm where s = materid thichen. ButY
For which of the following situations is the pore m? t'al.'
A s = 20mm, measured pore diameter= 5 . h m
s = ISmm, mmured pore diameter = 4 . 5 m
s=IOmm,mcanuedporedLvneta=3.0mnl
D s = 1Omm, rnmsmd pore diameter = 3.5rnm

13. To measure arc voltage accunrtsIy it is recommended that the voltmeter should be connected .......

A across the arc and as near as practical to the arc.

B across h e power source terminals priw to arc initiation S -
across the power source terminals during the welding opratbn
D it can be measured anywbsrs in the circuit A

14. La melIar taring bas murred in a steel fahicatim. What tschnique could have been u d to find it before the
wekI was made ?

A X-ray ~ ~ O E L
B liquid p a ~ mmhtim
w
>\ c u~ctnammatim
it cavld n d han kn!found by any inrponioo mnhod

15. Pre -heating a low alloy steel prior to welding is done to m M the risk of ........
A v i t y
B , excessive distortion
/ mzcmkhg
D lack of fusion
16. Typical te mperatures used for nomalis'i a C-Mn steel plate are ........

A 600 to 650°C
B 1OOOto 1100°C
C 700to8000C
880 to 920°C
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Welding Inspection: Multi-Choice Questions Paper 3 (RW. 3)

17. For GMAW the b urn-off rate of the wire is diractly related to .....,,.,

A the stick-out length

the arc volmge

D the my1 s p d
I

18. For MMA welding of a 60nw wall nozzle to a lOOmm wall vessel shell, preheat ttmpalwc should bc checked.

A before welding ~~
B on the &ll, and the n o d e
C at points #t least 75mm from the joint edge
all of the above
19. A crack r unning dong the catreline of a weld bead could be caused by ..........
A use of damp flux
B lack of preheat
C arc voltage k
ing too high
a' weld bead being too deep and very n m w
20. In order to improve mista nce to service failure caused by cyclic loading, i t is good practice to .......
Ause low heat input welding
Buse steel.with a low CEV
&- ensure there are no features h a t give high stress concentration
D PWHT the fabrication -
21. lEc use oflo w carbon austenitic stainless steels and stabiliscd stahless steels will minimisethe risk of .......

A HA2 cracking
weld decay
C weld metat cracking
D distortion

22.Which t ypc of SA W flux is maptible to breaking down into fine particles during circulation?

23. 'Fhe ma ximum hardness in the HAZ of s -1 will incrcase if the .......

A heatinputhind
& C E V i s ~ d 4
C joint thickness is decreased
D W c electrodes are used

24. BS EN iSO 5817 (level B) specifies lhe limit for Excw Weld Metal (h)on a butt weld as: -
h Ilmm + 0.1b, but max. 5mm,b = weld width.
In which of the following situations is the m e Excess Weld M d

b = 20 measured oxcsss weld d 3.5mm

b-35 measursdsxes9sweMd-4.Smm
-
b = 10 measured m e s a weld metal = 2.5mm

D b = 45 measured excess weld metal= 5.5mm

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Welding Inspection: MultiChoiee Questioos FLY
Paper 3 m.
3)
fi-
25. A carbon manganese steel is being welded by MMA and the electrode mat-lt&@at
much shorter than specified by the WPS. This deviation may give ...... -*-. have been used are

A an increased risk of hydrogen -king

au increased risk of5oMifhtion cracking
2 D
Iower vorlu€a of HAZ toplghnecss
higher d i e s of HAZ hardness

26. The first pmedure that is prepad for a Weld P m d m Qualification test wekl is a ........

- pws
B WPS
c WPQR
D WPAR 1
, ,

27. Transf s of mstwial idrntification by hard stampiug i m e t i m e s not allowed for high &pity applidm
because . ....,

A it is too slow
- itcmbadetyhmrd
itmykdamaghgtohed
it caw& problems with mating opcmions

.
28. When w e l d i i thin plate, distortion can be minimid by .....

A welding %omboth sides

B using U props h e r than V typa
using strong-back3

29. Which oft he following would be considered to be high Heat Input welding?

30. InitXo n of a TIG arc by using a High F k q m c y spark may not be allowed kcnuse ..........

. it often awm tungsten inclusions

it can damage electronic qu-t
C it is au electrical saf* hmzd
a it o h causes staphit ponwity
Welding Inspection: Mult i-Choice Questions Paper 4 (~ev.3)
1. Which of thesc drawing symbols show weld penetrationdepth in accordance with BS EN 225531

A welder approval testing

B welding cquipmmt calibration
welding procedure approval
D consumablw for submerged arc W i g

3. What dewmines the penetrating power of Gamma rays?

3-
A time 4
B type of isotope

*C: source-ta-fdm distancc

sourccsrrength

4. Which e tement has the greatest effect on the HAZ hardness of carbon-mmgwese st eel?

A MolyMenum
B chromium
C Titanium
L13, C*P"
5. Pre-heating r steel plate with a csrbon equivalent value (CEV)of 0.48 may be required in ordm to ........

driveoutmo~fmmthep1ak
prevent excessive hardening in the HAZ
C prevent the formation of carbides
- D improve the mechanical properties of &e weld mepl

6. A welder approval certificate should bt,withhwnif .........

A he has not done any d n g for a period of 4 months
' hekbeM~tfiomwdfora~odof7monb
C the mpdr rate for his welds exceeds 1 %
D his work h been examined by UT only
7, In friction welding, the metal at the interface when tbe joining occurs is descrikd as being in the ....-....
liquid state

# plasticstak
D elastic slate
Welding Inspection: Multi-Choice Questions Paper 4 (m.3)
8. A penemmeter (IQI)is used to measure .....,.,.

A the size of a discontinuity in a weld joint

B the density of a radiographic film ;
C the degm of 6Im contmst
the quality of the radiogmphicmhniqua
9. Whlch of the following cutting methods is suitable for cutting stainless rsteet?

/ PI-a
B oxy-ece~ylene
C O X Y - F
D it upon the thickness
10. Which of the foIlowing would be clmsed as the most &ow type ofdefect?

A a buried Iinear slag inclusio n

B buried lack of inter-run fusion
+ surface breaking lack of sidewdl fusion
D surface porosity

11. Ultrasonic testlng has an advantage over othaNDT msthods foa the derection of ........

' lack of sidewall fusion .

B root undErmt
C incompletely filled groove
D root concavity

12. Exceeding the rnrtxImum inter-pss lempermre specified for a C-Mn steel weld joint, may give ....,.,
A excessive porosity
B bum through
lower toughness
D higher smngth

13. MIGMAG welding has a tendency to give lack of sidewall fusion when ,...,...

spmy &er umditions arc ustd

1OO%C@ shielding gns is w d

D dip transfer caditions are used /

14. tempmtum range over whieh a steel goes from having hi& toughness to low t o e is called ....
the critical tramformation tempmiwe
the ductility dip temperatux
D the transition ternpahue
/
IS. For SAW, what is the effect of r&hq arc voltage but keeping with all other pmmeters the same?
. A the weld bead wl& will increase
the depth of will inmaw
theweMbdwidlhwilldecrasc
the depth of w o n will -d

16. Changing an essmtial variable (beyond the allowed limits) for a qualified welding procedm ..,
may c h p the m mhmi~alproptics ofthe joint
may adverse1y affect the quality of tbt weld

-2 will require a new welding W u r e to be qxoved

all af the above

C o p m t Q 2007, TWI Ltd 2 wm~mm

MA
m A
Ls
-
Welding Inspection: Multi-Choice Questions Paper 4 (RW. 3)

17. With reference to the various gmdes of stainless steels, which of the following merits is true?

they are dl non-magnetic

they all require tOO%Ar for GMAW
C
D
they dl have very high thermal m d w i v i t y
dyoettaingraQescanbeusedfar~ieeatvcrylowtem~ /
18. Which of the following AWS A5.1 electrdes has arutile covering ..,......

19. Welds made with very high heat input will show a redudion In ..,..,...

tensile ductility
notch toughness,
C fatigue m g t h
D creep resiwatm

20. During PWHToEacomplexfabri~tion,it is heated totfiesoakternperatm a t arnuchfastwratcthan

, specified by the pro9edu& This may ...,.....

cause ex-ive oxidation

not allow sufficient time to relieve stresgwr
introduce excessive compressive ms#i
d ~owcdjmnio.

21. When MAG welding in dip transfer mode (short-cimitingmode) spat& can be reduced by ...........
LA(- using inductanot
B using 100% COz
C usingAr + 3 W e
D increasingthe stick-out Length

22. Repair welding of in-serviceplant and equipment may be more difficult than making repdm during initial
fabrication h u s e ........
the material may be wntaminrrted
acem to q a i t may difficuIt
p o s i t i d welding may Iw needed
alIofthe.bwomaybcf.cm

23. For gamma radiogfaphyofa steel weld at 35mm thick, the recommended isotope is ..........
A Thulium 170 <3
B Ytterbium169 ~ 1 %
Iridlum 192
D Cobalt60

24. The sensitivity of r radiograph is ass~ssed ........

./ by using ana image qmlity indicator ( IQI)

A by using & p i t m e t e r

C &om the kVA used

D from the mudtube to work % t d + f f distsvnce used
Welding Inspection: Multi-Choice Questions Paper 4
e7. - -
m.
3)
I

25. A transverse tensile test, from a Weld Procedure Approval Record (WPAR) t ~plate,
t is-

the tensile strength of the weld

the tensile strength of the joint
d
D
tho strcrdstmin charactdstiss of he weld
the streadshin chammristios of the joint

26. The hiiest and lowest h a t input positions are considered to be .. .,....,.
A PB highest; PA 10-
B PE highest; PC loweart
C PD highest; PB lowest
PF him PG lowat
27. What type of covering will an electrode have that is suitable for welding 60mm C-Mn steel d can give good
weld metal toughness at -S0°C7 ...,...
A mtile
basic
C cellulosic -
D choice will depend on h e welding position pi
$
28. The dip tmsfer mode (or short-circuitingm d e ) of metal W e r used for MIOMAG weldinghs
chmterised by ........ qfl
giving deep p a r a t i o n
b c i i suitrlble for positional welding
C giving I& spatter
D giving high deposition me

29. Carbon equivalent values (CEV) afe used to determine the how to woid the risk of ........
1

W hydrogen eracldng
B lamellar Pearing
C solidification cracking
D weld decay
30, When2diffmt material lype~raeweldedtogatttu,the joint Isreferr4 tow ........
a oompsite joint
a transition joint
C an autbgenous weld
D hetwogeneow joint

Copywt 8 2007, TWI Ltd 4 TWI[ wmm-m

w- M A n m M d ~
 . .

. , .. .
..I ri'.
, .:. , . ,
6 6. '

. . .
., .
, %
'.
7: Wl~icl> of Ihe lollowii~gweld processes us& a resistive ~~;alig.syslemlo dd wffrl .
,

rlit?lalrlej~osilian: c . . , , I I

," ' ' , '

A. Mariual rr~elalatc welding.+

13. StrOri~ergcidarc wcldhlg.
C. ' Eiectroslag welding. .
I . riesislat~cespol wldIhg,'

1 C- ... '

'- . . ;.:
. .. I..

!f. a corio of practice is:

f~cI~r~ic;lity --,'*

.. . , :'.
. > :.
A A slanrlard.
131 A "set of rriks" for the rnancrlacbre,of a product. .. c..
I: ~ e h l e dto welder and weld procedure approvaf.
1 . All of abotlt (11eabove. .. I ,.

10. 'Thr! correct ler~nlor "c'a11haight" is:

*:, I
,
'
:

.
',+

; ;; A. Reinforcement.
. ..
I
I
,. O. Cap profils,tiei$ht,
I .. . Excess weld mr;ld.
f.1.b All of lhe d)ovc;. N
. '4

1 1. ' A tei~sileIesl hill assnss:

A I1np3ctvahres.
l3. Stress.
. C Shin.
O.* ElothBandC.
a .

32. The important point of hlgl~lernpsrature stbets is that:

. ( > kd,.
, A. They can withdand creep lalure.
I?. 'They may strlfer re-)realcracking problems.
. f'lley may sullcr loss aC toughness.
t2.c. AH of Ihe ahovc.

A. Welddecay.
13. Scnr;ilisa{ior~.
C. Solidilicaiiocl cracking.
II r All of the ,abnve.
 ~ t d are uackrl le deter rnhw:
14. . (3,?1lmtrs q l ~ i ~ a l vaiuas
. ,.
A. Woldabilily aa11cr:la.
I. (;rack. scr~sHlvityaspects,
. pm(~er!M.
'Typical r~~ccfiarrlml
U.* All of l l ~ t !above,

A - I-lave superior mechanical pmportiea.

11: . ~ e q ~ ibr ac~ n gbdore use. ; .. -, +<

C. No1'bused oii Idw,karbor~stdell. .-

11. + . not11 A n~dB,
Mton rblorrirg It, TID welding, h e si~kddln~
gas c ~ l be:
d
C

A Algnrl -1- ttydrogo~~.

la, Argon ICcfILjdn.
4- . .
C. *
Argon Nlrogen. ,

I. All af {lie nbowi. - ,

Whea h f ~ r r i t ~IogMIG welding, the rlrialdirg &s could be:

K digon.
4 , Argon + 1% Oxygen.
4 . firgtjr~+ 20% Coz.
I' All I'jC llrc nlravc.

$r!btrrorgad arc trllfises:

N DEERpcnalraiion d~amcbddkcs.
11. I-lighdeposillon roles on O W .
. Flat (P.A.) welding onty.
t 1. - Notis of tlie abwo.

49. Ultrasonics wsrukf be prelemd over radiography due to:

A Planar. . .
U. r Cr,xks.
C. Lack oi Iusiotl.
U. A11 of t l ~ aabove.
 '
. a :
>
C
<..
. '
.
.
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.:. . - . k
i
x . ,.. . b , ,#'.

! ' .
- . : i . .
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I..
5'
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 laantdiorrs. Us~nga I'EN p h c c i d c thc I- &xt to yovr -.
'lit dh-mgc p i ; m m pit w X thrmgh Ihc originji answw. add l Mo and
iilw w
k
c~rslc?our ncw ansuw. ' -9. ,..;
..
. . 3- . ,.". .
.4mmr dl qu+gtih.

; Ascordiw to AWS AS. l which d

cbe kllnwlng MMA/SMAW dd&
... bc classified as mtiIc 7 ' . . .
' . , .

E~CIIQ
! ,:
.
. :-..,
.+.
a. , , I.., .
.
.
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I

.:.;. . :;. . .'.. .

i .. .,
'1

: A fillet weld has a throat thkkncss afbmm. What is tb + ,

.% -. a. 'Thc wcldiw WE
mink , , .
..
1. , *.
,
- ,
1P) Tho d d i n g , p a o * IS mgmd metal rc wd*fG
c. ,The welding peas b TIG
,

.
.
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. ! -. .
- 1: I '
.
,
;. . d. The t y p e qfwdding d d
, . 1

. .,-
.

. . _.. - .. .. ..
'
+ - , :-.,
.
. . .
r ,
.:,>¶.. -
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~ ~ ~ m n c t ~ r n d s d r u ~ f l a d t o ' 0 ~ ~ 4 9 9 ~ ~ 2 3 8' l h s 4 ~ ~ l j:.,:
* I
7 ... ,A -I dP....
.
1: : - . .:
- .
. r
... , . - & v
' . ' .'
B
"!..
420 ff/mm4 min yidd str- .-. . , - .. . '
.
b, - 42 J W ~ S -3m
c. 42 ksi tensile dm@~
w

.#-a
- ./, -/-
-

-y, jf'
I .

,, 42 N h m z ITMX tm~ib
att#l@h -. a -<
I ' .. C.
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:
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m . : .. ...
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. 1 L.

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, ,&& :-• ..$,&* :&,:-I*.
J- , -. 2%
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 ... . . .. ..
..: 'm ' . .'
.-.
5 A (hnstant Voltage characteristic would be mpW hr which ofkfollowing . .i
wclding pma.tux?

TIG I GTA W
M E I MAG /. GMAW

!I What could Carbon F x p i v a h Valuer ( E V ) be used for?

' . e. ASWSY(IIC ti& of lmdlrut a r i n #

It. 1t:stitrtktct 4 &r PWHT
Calculate 14AZ twghwm. '
Q I)eIwnaine 4 hc pdcmt to bc brad

W llctk d d n g fa fully auldtic staid= -1s ~ tht klkwhg m

w k i c h , of m t s
would bc ~mrclcr?

a It is rnagwic under certiin d i a

1) Ithaspoorl~erghnessatlow~tum .
c, I! ,haa low d c i e n t dthermal cxpnsian and a h@ eoemcient ~fl h I

k tktrmal expansion and a low q f l l b k t t oftkml

It has a high d ~ c i c n of

...

'l'hoarwofjoining bctwenparcn~.rnptelmdwsldmetalistmmd - ., :q ' -.-

*

Tha fusion zone

I,,
c: 'i'ite weld z
ok . r; .
d Thc parent malerial .:
, '--+

. 10 A wbmcrgcd arc flax dcscribad aa flnky or sharp would be c l w d as?

Rasic
d. Acidic
 I I , Which of thc f p l l o w i g wddQ p w m m w
~ id give ttrc high- h ~ t -*'asinb
4 ~
typical patanram?
X-I
M m d metal arc-vddimg
Shlddod m a ucweMng . /.=
-an-w
I'unydon inert

t 2. Amrding to BSnBN22553, wkat w w k l aa d m 3 tbrmw@ bh d

linr on thF ri8ht hand Bide d t h c filfs~m i d symbob imliate 7 -....
>>

... :?.,.
a. 'fhroal thickness I C.

h. TkewtRltoesmudkw .-.
@ Lcg k w h
~ n l a mdtd s &ate -
.
/ .'

I lim cross-country pipelirwr, fypa d M M A a o wuuld rtgukctlm dposition

of n h y m ? f d n i q u e to raduEe t f tlaDr
~ ding in the r o c r t . M

8 ' Basic
imm
'-Cdhrloslo
' 4 Hutilc

1 4 . ~ h e w d r ~ ~ l o l v n ( . ~ r & ~ 1 ~ j d m ~ r l a o m l & ~ ) . c ~ s .s
an unsafe prsctietbcmst; ' ....

**SI(\-
1: a 'v

@ Tacveldrmyoo*rin'an*(y *
tr i3",?fi . ,
. . &..:4
..,&..
b H ~ m W f ~ ~ m s ) l ~ g h o f f ,u , . '5 +,,A A

T m - b!Ae w h a m y GWBhmplar arcing ? .

#-'X Its usa m l d I d t o e in h H A Z -. - :u

#-.'vu IS. Whichofr)lefohwimgnmy ~ i h r i ~ o f H A Z c ~ H m P n ~
=tion d w n mangmasemh?

rtT l a w moislura &d in tks eWmb &ne(

.
.. . . .-
:I. , >.:, - :- ., - .
Sdow d i n g d n a C /' ,< . , -*

Useofs~lwatinprt
. f J e of r a d with a low Cq%.
L% '.
-
.J
. . ': .-,@
+
' $,
i
?
\.
, . i

:
,<yr:
- a'>.
'.*
...
Ih, WhichofLhefollowingradioldivle'iDobopBisRDOPl~~d~~~
mdiqmphy o f welds?
Tcyile testin8
Fillet h c t r w c &sing

a p o w mume
 2.1. Which or the folfbwing ~Wemcnbm i n g carbon dds is Wac?

ii.
h.
High heat inpt nub in il(lh hard-,.,
1li8h k t may &uh in Iarp grains . ?-
+
' .
tyT'g) '

L u s s o f t o ~ m ~ y d ~ ~ v i '*r r g
--9<
. ToughmmayberwodbymraSsing /

25. Which wclding p m s would not be suitable for w&Win$

a: MMA
@ MIG
c. SAW
(I. 'rlrr
I . ' . .. .
.!On In order Lo ulWlatc arc aatgy,it ier m r y ta know what? '

A m m t a d voltage I.'
Cumat, voltage and W v e width
Am- vol- and t m d s p d
Wire f e d speed, voltage and burn offrate

.!?. A short t m m r s e tasiie test (SntAtwt) will give what? . . , .

1'

41. 'I'hcsrWstrain dwactWi;cs ofthe joint - . .

h. The tmilc st- of the wdd . .*

. ..
' A
,

& cmckii . ,.
An indicationof *-thy to
+I indimion o F t k mtai.h m i b i l h y to lundl* hii' ,

20. Acwrdimg to AWS 2.4 a wdd symbol rhown bdow the kw w I d ,-

n- .
.
1 ,
.I. ,
, .r..
. . ..
~&vddnrd.on&ahaaidsdlbpir* .@ - l\df ; v..
,
(-+
'i > .
weld msde on the root &la of t
hJoint : 'c,.
~ w s ~ n * k o n ~ . I l b v ~ ~ * j o i n t ~ /L* . . &I.

J'.1 .l . None ofthe abok; the symbd skid be- on the dmhl lime >. <:%,.
w:
lCT' The oulp chamctddk for a T t G M A pawar m i d be?
 :-Thc term duty cycle refem to what?
".. . .
W shift p e t f h of inspechn s?aff
h
, c.
of welding equipment ..,. . .. .
A safety r a t 1 giving
~ output *&lily
A~fetyroltinggivi~g~inpta~billtyd~d@oquIpmd
1 , .. ' ,

J. Component lifcexptancy

'I. M'hich of thc hPoHiing gas ntixturcrswould you.expcct to use to give god #eld pmiilc
;lnd pcnctmtiun whcn MAG welding carbon steels to?

.. .
-- .
. .- .
, Y IGJMAG wddiqp using Dip Trader mode is susceptible to:

;I. ~olidifiati&d i n g
1% inclusions

d. lfydrogen crncking'

X problem mod associated with mbmergcd atc wLding k

r\ ~nlchlluryical , :. .":
. 6: ..

p rogtn cracking in the -HA2

SolidIlIcationcmkingin-tbemldmehl,
c. Lamellar tearink in dlE weld metal
-

d. Eiydmgcr~cracking in the wdd m d . , ' t . -

.. . .
-

o. A common nix- iuod for MIG ~ e l b i n nickel

g alloys kcoab*.@ k w h lb
arc'stability uvdd bs:

.
..
4

c. 80% Argon + - 2 WCoa V

.. A

d. 9 8 % A q ~ i + 2 % 0 z .

I1 . SMAW welding equipment n q u h w h t of output charrscPeristk? , ,

. .
o. constint voltage

s!:stM1 rnrnnt .
d. Constant polarity
 Autogemus welding maw: : .
.a: FutlyaubmM
b. Fusion welding wifk filIer wire
Fully muchd& z dJ?
. q----s.:
Fusion welding without fIller wire
I-'-:'
.. .u
Which of'thc foliowing rrsdhtive turns is not assucid NDT?
tl . Gamma

&
d.
CDbalt 60
nlkoriurn
hidiuhl 192 .
Wldeh submerged arc welding flux say k dQQjbCq mkwkvql ?

r. Basic
h. Fasad
. Ag$lomcrkted
d. Acidic

Which of the followhi p m k c t & ~ t sthe pruMdifftoucwheh modtwiny

MM A welding: I

a. Cumnt
b. Travel s p c d
4 Ah licn@h
d. [d~qms temperature
' .
I\:hioh of the fbllowinp-w o u be
~ a we cncrw for a single -MAG weld?
a. 1.2jlmm.
b. -, -0,12w~
. ,

* ,
;

Which of the rollowing welding &uses n cowta~~t&gcgco+it ! * ,-

. . . .
a. Suba<I0001unps, MMA, dectroslag I' '
- ,

TTG, s u b - a r w 4 ~ d ~ l a g L . ' I . t n
Sub-arc< 1MOamps, MIGlMIlG, tlectrad&
d. MlG/MAO, subam1000amps4e?tctms1ag
 . .
-.
'Ihe main reasan fbr wing a kdc purge w h a wlding 1-8-8 s f a h h a st-1 wilh tlw , . ,. -
* .
TfG W i n g pwces is to -. ., , -.

it; Conttol toot pcdtrario~r

b. . Prevent root bead,porwity
improve pitibnd wtldini ,
2 ,

Prewnt oxidation oft he weld mot

l d as de-o.xidimin alert*
Which uf the following ~ v o i ~ pct d e s ~ W
hl:Ui welding wire ?

I. Mangancw. siISc~n,~wppcr
b. Silicon, nickd, aluminium
Manganese. silicon, aluminium
d. Mariganm,molybdmum,nickef

Uqhnt Is nlcarlr by the term specflc~~~ian

?

&/ A document that - r i b s the quirrmnn. with whish h e pmdur:~

or m i c e kto confom
' b. A K(of g u i d d k m o m m d i n g pmctiow .nd e m .
c. Ageneraltermgivmtodtnormaciw'documnts .
d. A writtcn dwtiption of hexact st- to b fbllowd irl
manufacturing a product

ck r i k a semi-auromntic &lding p m ?
Which or thc following k

P. ?kc wrldcr is ~ s t ~ ~ # s i b f ~the r gap a d tmvci sped

. . f onrc
The.weldcr-is responsible fur travel speed only
c. . The power soum co~trolsboth arc gap and t m l s@ but ttlldcr '
conslont supervision
rl. Thc power source controis bob travel s p d and am gap
'7 I-'ora given voltage and cumnt setting rm a constant current output power w w .
when the ax length is s h m c .d
-.. : - hd !

a, The cuknt will the voltage will

The tm-1 speed will i n e m the cumnt d#rc&c
The curmt will inmewe lttt wlEage wiH dccmx
d . ~oeumntwillimmwIlw~vJ:spcPdwiIl~

Double U bun w d d d both sides

Y c.
Single v b t
Single U b i t with backing
d. Assymtrical doubk V butt welded both sjdts
 i-

'.
.'...
.
. .
.
.
i ' .

i.
1

j
,
.

.; .

2 .

'
' I

b.
;

spma
-.."
1 , ' ...,

h c k of Mon
*
- *: ..-. ..
'x->4.

. = :.,.
,
- . .
,
.. - : ,,
.-
'
,

When ~ l d l f i glow cabon saoaf~with ?heGMAW p c e ~ dip h ~ ~ h , '

one purpose oft ha idducmce.Cmtd is to durn
-
, ,
-4.

.
-
,'
$,
.*
-
;

,
-
**
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 Senior Welding Inspector revisIon exercises

WELDABILITY

1. List three general fadors which must be assessed to determine

the level of preheat.
The p-I. L n p k I

2. Name the three main reasons for hydrogen cracking to occur,

with the numerical values involved.
t\l)orWgk*.W Z \5*\/l- q m M dcpfid
sm= 70.5 4 - y 5-
L 3a&
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q ~ o W h-4~~.

3. Why is post weld heat treatment carried out and at what

temperature.

5
1/3
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4. Why does lamellar tearing occur.

E C ~
 84.. ' .
Senior Welding Inspector revisi,onexercises
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1. Give the typical feat'ures @fa dude fracture. .Q
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 5. What materials are typically welded with the following gas
mixtures:-

a) 100% Argon

b) 75% Helium, 25% Argon

cj 80% Argon 20% C02

rUlv'
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6. Give a typical a m p and volts combination for DIP and SPRAY

*
-
W \ ~ & b y h * S
P"k

transfer.
m y \?am* \IdH C2-1-
m 4- Iwr, PS~H"\~

7 . Give three reasons why mild steal welding wire is copper

coated.
&?roEl- r e f i'shw

8. Give three advantages of flux cored wires.

wa/l, P~W~V;?
 ; . ,.,SeniorWelding lriipector rividon exadsus k1
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1. State four main welding pammbm of the process.

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2. What polarity is normally used for most materials.

3. State four modes of metal transfer with this process and a

/ typical application for each.

4. what does inductance control and & k t in this pr-s.

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 Senior Weldlng Inspector revision exercises
- .

1. With a tensile test, what measurement can be asse5sed after testing

Ithe wiginal length is know and the change in length is known.

2. What do the following terms refer to concerning tensile testing, Re,

Rm and A%.

4. When would a side bend be used in place of a face and root bend.

5. What type joints use fracture and nick break tests.

6. In P tensile test, the maximum load applied at failure was 400KN, at
failure the change in length was 5mn, the original length being
20mm,with a cross sectional area of IOOmm X 10mm. Using this
WcmMon, calculata the following:-

7. Why should a macro be examined before etching.

k w k - 4 y *

8. Why do bend test specimens have a radius produced on their four

edges and the weld reinforcement removed from both sides.
d4-
w 9 -
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4
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k p 4 - 4

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9. How far should a bend test be bent through and what sire shuutd the
former be.
 Senior Welding Inspecbr revision exercises
'

Weld Procedure and Welder Approval

I.State six essential variables.

2. State the meaning of extent of approval and give five examples.

CT* M- + 5-p; +
~ j - $*14-d+ ~ E L I I
r 3 . Explain the difference between a welding procedure specification, e
procedure qualification record and a welder approval certificate.

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L 9

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4. Why are procedures and welders approved. & .
4 )*\*
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 6.Can a welder be approved when welding without a procedure.
rvn

mr(.el
approval.
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7. Ifa welding Procedure has happroved, state four r e a m for re
~ha~l;jg
4 H3- ~~~~~k +
h* &'
Swdw hi\\ w-
w-4wi 4
kpu*l-

8. During a welder approval test, should the welder be given time to

practice before attempting a test.
YES

9. Give four reasons for re approving a welder.

*p bd@rC1( ~xM-! Vkk'mWq
-@ nd 6 r s \ 2 +-4sy"'-L

10. If a welder is approved

- to weld plate could he also weld pipe.
 Radiographic Intrpretation
Coursework 1
A
Answer all qumtions.

1. Ifa sample has been exposed for an effective energy of 120kv,what effect will it give if the
aergy is increased to 25Okv?

M l r n image quality increases

kB. Film image quality demases
LC.
~adiogmpbic&fition increases
D. Film speed derreapes
2. Redhear propagation is :

b.The abilityofXimdgammarays topenetratecatainnmkrials

. The ability of X and gamma rays to scatter
b.The ability of X and gamma rays to self nctlfe within ca(ain materials
3. The most commonly used target m h a l in an X-ray tube is:

A. Copper
' -\ I3 Carbon
[C. Carbide
pfmrn
4. W c h of the following is n a d l y a w m h g radioisotope

L
"o;:;",Radium
;
C. 226
D. All of the above are naturally o c c m h g
5. The specific activity of an isotopic source is usually measured in:

Mcv (million-elecimn volts)

. 4 c i l g r(curies per gram) " b*

a. 1 . (roentgens per hour)

0. drnin(c0untspaminute)
I

-
&+
6. A densibmeter is:

a
 A. A meter used to masure X-ray intensity
B. An bfmnmt for measuring film density
C. A m e used to maswe the density of a material
- * D. A meter used to memum tube current
7. X and gamma rays of the m e energy :

A. Have d i h t propert~es
B. Are mentially the same apw from their origins
C. Darken films to differing degrees
D. Have differing wavelengths
8. Almost all gamma radiography is perfomed with:

A, Nahrral isotopes
B. Aitificidly produced isotopes
C. Radium
D. Thulium- 170
9. An excellent radiograph is obtainad at an Sm)of 5 k m . If the SFD is changed to 25cm and
dl other exposam conditions held mmtml, the new exposure time wiI1 be:

A. Unchanged
B. Longer by approximately 80 pea cent
C. Shorter by approxhately 55 per cent
D. Only about 25 per cent as long as the orighd exposure time

10. L e d is fkqumtly employed in shielding against radiation 6om X-ray and gamma ray
8owxs because of its:

A. Extremely low cost

B. Higb absorption for a given thickness and weight
C. Ability to emit electrons when irradiated
D, Ability to diffract alpha particles
11. The penetration ability of an X-ray beam is govaned by:

A. Kilovoltage or wavelength
B, Time
C. Milliampmge
D. Same-to-film distance
12. Cobalt 60used in nomhtmctive t&mg emit:
 C. Gamma rays
D. x-rays
13. A -filled region located in an electtical field created by electdes amss which a potential
difference is applied forms the major @on of: I

A. A low voltage X-ray tube

B. A megger
C. A hot-cathode X-ray tube
D. An ionisation chamber
14. The time mpired for one half of the atomsin a particul&.&ple of radioactive material to
disintegrate is called:

A. The inverse square law

B. The curie
C. A half life
D. The exposure time

15. What k the tam (Wh) refer to when speaking of intensiw

A. RadMcm limits for humans

B. Roentgensper hour
C. x-raysper hour
D. Radiation in hydrogen
16. Upon completing an X-ray expasure and turning the equipment ofE

A. Personnel should wait for a few minutes before entering the exposllre area
B. P u s a n d should wear a lead-lined apron before entering the exposure area
C. Personnel may enter the exposure a m without fear of radiation exposure
D. Persoxrnel should take a reading with a Geiger counter before en* the expaewe area.

17. The most widely used unit for m a w i n g the activity of a gamma ray source is the:
a 4

A. Curie
B, Roentgen
C. Half-life
D. MEV
18. Low voltage X-ray tubes are generally fitted with windows made of:

A. Plastic
B. Beryllium glass
c. Copper
D. Lead
26. The specific activity ofcobalt40 depends on:

A, The time the materid has been in the atomic pile

B, The atomic number of the material
C. The quality of the nm-activated material
D. The Young's Modulus value of the material
27. The puvpose for including a disc-shaped target that rotates rapidly during
operation in some X-ray t u b is to:

A. Increase the intasity of X-radiation

B. hcmse the voltage needed for a specific quality of radiation
C. Decrease the mount of heat produced in the target
D. None ofthe above amwen is correct

A. The inability to reprOduce d t s a d the newt for periodic r e p b e n t of m a

B. The limited brightness and latge grain size offluoroscopic s a e m
C. Cost and slow speed
D. The need for using long wavelength X-ray and the lack of X-ray intensity
waciatedwiththismethod

29. In the electromagnetic spectrum

a) Ultraviolet rays and X-rays ate sep- by visible light rays

b) Ultraviolet rays are separated by radio waves
c) Ultraviolet rays d X-rays arc sepmted by i n b red rays
d) Uhviolet rays and X-rays are next to one another

30. Alpba, Beta and Natroos are all :

a) Particdate Radiation
b) Electromagnetic iadiation
c) Mimvaveradiation
d) A c o u s t i c ~ o n
19. A monochromatic X-ray besun:

A. Is a narrow beam used to PfOdiLce high-contrast radioppb

B. Is also referred to as a hctcmgeneuus X-ray beam
C. Consists only of a single wavelength
D. Consists only of characteristic rathion

20. The general methd ofproducing X-rays involves the sudden deceleration of high velocity
electrons in a solid b d y called a:

A. Focusing cup
B. Filament
C. Target
D. Cathode
2 1. Two isdopic sources of 50 Ci strength have different specific activitia. The source with the
higher specific activity will:

A, Be of smaller physical size than the source with a lower specfic activity
B. Have a ahor& half-life than the source with a lower spific activity
C. W u c e harder gamma rays than the source with a lower specific activity
D. Have a greater output than the source with the lower specific activity
O D dwhg the dishtegratim of nuclei of
22. Short wavelength electromagnetic ~ W ~produced
radioactive substances is called:

A. X-radiation
13. Gamma radiation
C. Scatkrradiation
D, Back scatter radiation
23. Which of the following isotope has the longest half-life?
A. Ytterbium 169
B. Cobalt 60
C. Iridium 192
D. M u m 137
24. The primary form of energy conversion produced when electrons strike a target in an X-ray
tube is

A. Primary X-rays
B. Secondary X-rays
C. Short wavelength X-rays
D. Heat
25. An unsbielded isotope SO- gives a dosage rate of 900 mSv per hr at 10 feet. What would
the unshieldad dosage rate be at 20 feet?
 Radiographic Interpretation
Coumtwurk 2
B
Answer all questions

1. Besides serving as a filter, screens of high atomic number, such as lead and lead antimony,
also:

a) Demme the sourceto-film distance needed for a proper radiograph

b) Provide some image intensifying action
c) Permit the use of higher speed film
d) De- the graininess in a radiograph

2. X-ray films with large grain size:

a) will produce radiographs with better dehition than with s d grain size
b) have slower speeds than those with a d v e 1y mall grain size
c) have higher speeds than those with a relatively mall grain size
d) will take longer to expose p p a l y than film with relatively small grain size

3. The uneven distribution of developed $rains within the emulsion of a pmassd X-ray
film causes the subjective impression of:

a) graininess
b) s t m i h a s
c) wts
d) white scum
4. A good radiograph is obtained at an amperage of 15 ma and a time of 1 min. If the
amperage is changed to 5 ma and all other conditions remain the same what -sure
time will be necessary to obtain the a radiograph of the same quality?

a) 4 minutes
b) 1 minutes
c) 3 minutes
d) f 0 seconds

5 . In order to achieve unifirmity ofdevelopment over the area of an X-ray film during
m a d processing:

a) the film should be placed in a clFyef after being developed

b) the developer should be agitated by means of mechanical stirrers or pumps
c) the should be agitated while in the developer
d) the film should be h t u f d directly fiom the developer to the fier.
6. The density difference between two selected areas of a radiograph is known as:

a) unsharpness
b) radiographic contrast
c) specificactivity
d) subject density

7. When producing radiographs, if the kilovoltage is increased:

a) the subject contrast decreases

b) the film contrast decreases
c) the subject contrast increases
d) the film contrast increases

8, Accidental movement of the specimen or film during exposure or the use of too d I an
FFD will:

a) produce a radiograph with poor contrast

b) make it impossible to defect large discontinuities
c) rmult in unsholrpness of the radiograph
d) result in a fogged radiograph
9. The normal development time for manually processing X-ray film is:

a) 12 - 18 minutes in processing solutions at 75F

-
b) 3 8 minutes in processing solutions at 60F
-
c) 12 18 minutes in processing solutions at 68F
d) 5 - 8 minutes in processing solutions at 68F.

10. Lead meem in contact with the film during exposure increase film density kcawe:

a) they emit electrons when exposed to X and gamma rays.

b) they absorb the shorter wavelength radiation more than the long wavelength primary
radiation
c) they intensify the photographic effect of the scattad radiation
d) none of h e above.

11. The shaqmcss of the outline in the image of the radiograph is a measure of:

a) subject o o n w
b) radiographic definition
c) radiographic contrast
d) h contrast

12. The amount of unsharpness or blurring of a radiograph is:

a) directly proportional to the OFD md inversely to the size of the focal spot
 b) directlyproportional to the size of the f d spot and iavemely proportional to the
sourceto-object w c e
c) inversely pmpmtional to the OFD and directly proportional to the some-to-object
distance
d) inversely proportid to the size of the fbcal spot and the object-to-iilm distance
13. The range of thickness over which densities are satisfactory for interpretation is a
measure of the:

a) subject contrast of a radiograph

b) sensitivity of a radiograph
c) latitude of a d o g r a p h
d) defmition of a radiograph
. *
14. The dope of a straight line joining two points of specitied densities on a chamkmhc
curve of a film is h o r n as the:

a) speed ofthe w e
b) latitude
c) average gradient
d) density
15. Ln film radiography, penemmetmi-are usually p l d :

a) between the intensifying s c m n and the film

b) on the source side of the test object
c) on the film side of the test object
d) between the operator and the radiation source

16, Three liquids which are-e to proms an exposed film properly are:

a) stcy bath, acetic acid and water

b) developer, stop bath, and HO
c) developer, &er and water
d) acetic acid, fixer and stop bath

17. The two most common causes for excessively high density radiographs are:

a) hsuEcient washing and ovedevelopment

b) contaminated fixer and insufficient washing
c) overexposure and wntaminated h e r
d) overexposure and overdeve10pment

18. The ability to detect a small discontinuity or flaw is called:

a) radiographic contrast
b) radiographic d t i v i t y
c) radiographic density
d) radiographic resolution
19. Movement, geometry and s m m contact are 3 factors that affect radiographic:

a) contrast
4) m*=
C) retidon
d) density

20. The difference b e e n the densities af two areas of a radiograph is called:

a) Radiographic contrast
b) subject contrast
c) filtn contrast
d) defmition

21. To prevent back scatter from reaching an X-ray film, it is customary to:

a) back the exposure holder with a tbick sbeet of lead

b) place a mask betweenthe specimen and the h t surface of the film
c) back the exposure holder with a thick Iaya of cardboard
d) place a filter near the X-ray tube
22. Static marks, which are black tree-like or circular marks on a radiograph, are often caused
by:
a) film being bent when inserted in a cassette or holder
b) foreign material or dirt embedded in scmms
c) matches on 1 4 foil screens
d) improper film h a d h g techniques
23. The purpose of agitating an X-ray film during development is to:

a) protect the film from excessive pressure

b) renew h e developer at the surface of the film
c) disperse unexposed silver pins on the film surface
d) prevent reticulation

24. A penelrameta is used to measure:

a) the size of dimtinuities in a part

b) the density of the ~
c) the amount of film contrast
d) the quality of the radiographic technique

25. A fluurncent intensifying screen will:

 a) transform X-ray energy into visible or ultraviolet light to which a photographic
emulsion is sensitive
b) result in reticulation
c) damase the graininess ofthe image when using gamma rays
d) i n m e the defnition in a radiograph

26. Which of the following applies to alpha particles:

a Negatively charged having a mass equal in magnitude to that of m electron,
b. Positively charged wwisting o f two neutrons and two protons.
c. Positively charged having a mass equal in magnitude to that of a proton.
d. No overall charge having a mass qua1 in magnitude to thM of a n e u h .

27, Which of the following are probable causes for frilling?

a. Out of date film.
b. Overly warm or depleted k e r solution.
c. Insufficient find wash.
d. I n m t drying d i t i o n s .

28, Which of the following applies to flumscapy?

a It's a radiographic technique used to determine depths of d&&s already detected.
b. It's a pro- where x-rays are pmdUOBd by neutron h b a d m e n t for use w thick
specimens.
c. It's a technique used to some extent to save h e when carrying out radiography on
complex shaped spechens with various thidums.
d. It's a process in which x-rays produce images that are observed visually on
fluorescetrt srxeeas.

29. The f m i n g cup functions as an electrostatic lens whose purpose:

a Direct x-rays towards the mode.
b. Direct a stream of electrically charged particles t o d the anode.
c. To shorten the radiation's wavelength.
d, Bothaand b.

30,The constant potentid circuit of an x-ray generator is also known as:

a. An m t i f i e d circuit.
b. The villard type circuit.
c. A half wave rectified circuit.
d. The greinacher circuit.
 Radiographic Interpretation
Coumwork 3 45-

Answer all quaitions

1. Kilovoltage, exposure time and source to film distance are three of three most important
X-ray exposure factors. A fourtb such exposum War is:

A. focal spot size

B. tempatwe
C. filament-to-focal spot distance
D. millimperage
2. In making an isotope exposure in an d e l d e d area, you find the dose rate 6 feet from
the source is 1200 Mr/hr. What would be the dose rate at 24 feet?

3. A sourcc of iridium-192, whose half life is 75 days, provide an optimum exposure of a

given test object today with an exposure 20 minutes. Five months h m now, what
exposure time would be required for the same radiographicdensity, under similar
exposure conditions?

A. 10 minutes
B. 20 minutes
C. 1 hour and 20 minutes
D. 6 hours
4. In an X-ray tube, the filament and focusing cup are the two esseutid parts of the:

A, anode
B. cathode
C. rectifier
D. X-ray transformer
5. The absorption of gamma-rays b m a given source w h a passing through matter cEepends
on:

A. the atomic number, density and thickness ofthe matter

B. the Young's d u l u s value of the matter
C. the Poknn's ratio value ofthe matter
D. the specific activity value of the source

6. The fact that gases, when bombarded by radiation, ionise and become e l h c d
 conductors make them usehl in:

A. X-ray transformers
B. X-ray tubes
C. masks
D. radiation de&&on equipment
7, Cobalt40 has a half life of 5.3 years. By how much should exposure time be increased
(over that used when the source was new) when the source is two years old?

A. no change in exposure time is needed

B. exposure h e should be about 11 pa cent longer
C. exposure time should be about 37 per cent longer
D. exposure time should be &om 62 to 100 per cent longer
8. The focal s p t in an X-ray tube:

A. is inclined at an angle of 30 from the nomal to the tube axis

B. is maintained at a high negative voltage during o p t i o n s
C. should be as large as possible to ensure a narrow beam of primary radiation
D. should be as small as possible without unduly shorten@ the life of a tube.
9. Materids which are exposed to gamma or X-rays below a few millionvolts:

A. should not be handled for at least 3 minutes a h exposure has d.

B. should be stored in a lead-lined room
C. will not be dangerow to handle after exposure to radiation has ceased
D. should be monitored by means of a Geiger counter.
10. If an e x p u r e time of 60 seconds was necessary using a 50cm SFD for a particular
exposure, what time would be necasary if a 2Scm SFD distance is used and all other
variables remain the same?

A. 120 m n d s
B. 30 seconds
C. 15 seconds
D. 240 seconds

1 1. If it was necessary to radiograph a 7 inch thick steel product, which of the following
gamma-ray sources would most likely be used?

A. cobalt-60
B. thulium- 1 70
C. iridium-1 92
D. mesium-137

12. An iridium 192 gamma-ray source has a practical thickness limit of:

A. 2 inches of steel or its equivalent

B. 3 inches of steel or its equivalent
 C. 4 inch= of steel or its equivalent
D. 5 inches of steel or its equivalent

13. The velocity of electrons striking the target in an X-ray tube is a function of:

A. the atomic number of the cathode material

B. the atomic number of the filathent mataid
C. the voltage d i h c e between the cathode a d anode
D. the current flow in the rectifier circuit
14. Two x-ray machines o m at the same nominal kV and ma settings:

A. will produce the same intensities and qualities of radiation

B. will produce the same intensities and may produce different qualities of radiation
C . will produce the same qualities but may produce different intensities of radiation
D. may give not only different intensitia but also different qualities of radiation.

15. When referring to a 1T,2T or 4T hole in the ASME Boiler Code, ASTM, or me
d forces
petrameter, the T refers to:

A. the part thickness

B. the penetrameter thickness
C. the time of exposure
D. the time for developing
16. Images ofdiscontinuities close to the source side of the specimen bscome less clearly
defined as:

A. soufc6to-object distance ixlc~mes

B. the thickness of the specimen increases
C. the size of the fad spot decreases
D. the thickness of the specimen decreases
17. A g e n d rule governing the application of the geometric principles of shadow formation
states that:
A. the X-rays should p r o d from as large a focal spot as other consideration will allow
B. the distance between the radiation source and the material examined should be as
small as practical
C. the film should be as far as possible &om the object being radiographed
D. the ceatral ray should be as nearly perpendicular to the film as possible, to preserve
spatial relationships,

18. Although there may be other reasons for using calcium tungstate screens in industrial
radiography, they are most usually used to:

A. improve deftnition and resolution in radiographic images

B. improve contrast in radiographic images
C. increase exposure speed
D. make films respond to multi-million volt radiation
19. Excessive exposure of fi* to light prior to development of the film will most likely result

A. A foggy film
B. poor dehition
C. streaks
D. yellow stain
20. White ascent-shaped marks on an exposed film are most likely caused by:

A, crimping film afterexporn

B. crimping h before exposure
C. sudden exlreme temperature change while processing
D, warm or exhausted fixer
2 1. Reticulation resulting in a puckered or netlike film surface is probably c a d by:

A. crimping film after expame

B. sudden extreme tempmatwe. change while p m a r h g
C. water or developer on unpmased film
D. excessive object-film distance
22. Frilling or loosening of the emulsion from the base of the film is most likely mused by:

A. water or developer on u n p c w d film

B. low temperature of passing solutions
C. developer solution oontamhation
D. warm or exhausted k e r solution

23.As a check on the adequacy of the radiogtqhc technique, it is customary to place a

s t a d d test pi& on the source side ofthe specimeaTbis standard test piece is called a:
A. refkrenoe plate
B. lead screen
C. penetrameter
D. illuminator

24. If a viewer is reflecting an hideat light of 3OOM/m2, when a radiograph is p l a d on a

.
viewer the transmitted light was 1 2 w m 2 Calculate the density of the radiograph.

25. L e d foil screens are used in radiography

 A. to improve the quality of the radiograph by preferentially reducing the effect of scatter
radiation
B. to reduce the exposure time
C. both A and B. are m n s fbr using lead foil scmns
D. neither A. nor B. are reasons for using lead fbil screens
26. The duration of an e x p s m is usually controlled by:

A. controlling the miuiampxage

B. a timer
C. controlling the anmeto-film distance
D. a choke coil in the filament transformer

27.Which of the following information wdd be obtained from a films ch&stic curve?
A. Changing the exposure timm and d- m

the films speed.

.

B. Determining the subject contrast and the films speed.

C. Determining the fdm contrast and readjusting exposure times when a new density is
required.
D. Determining the contrast sensitivity and the optimum contrast range of the film
28. For practical purposes, the h p c of the dmmcteristic curve of an x-ray film:
A. Is drastidly changed when the wavela@ of radiation is shortened.
B. Is primarily dependent on the subject contrast.
C. Is independent of the quality ofx-ray or gamuna radiation.
D. Is independent of the type of fh.
29, After a period of 2% days the activity of an iridium 192 source, activity 400 Gbq would
be:
A. 100 Gbq.
B. SO Gbq.
C. 25 Gbq.-
D. 12.5 Gbq,

30.The effect when all of photons energy is lost on impact =used through ejecting an
electron is termed:
A. Pair production.
B. Compton effect
C. Rayhigh scattering.
D. Photoelectric e m
 Radiographic Interpretation
Coumemrk 4 9
.
I

Answer all questions

1. The ability of a material to black the passage of X-rays is dled:

a). Penetration
b) R e M o n
c) Absorption
d) Containment

2. A requkement for the generation of X rays is:

a). A beryllium target

b). A copper target
c). A target of low density
d), A target of suitably high melting point

3. High magy radiation is of :

a), tong wavelength and r e f d to as soft radiation

b). Long wavelength and referred to as bard radiation
c). Short wavelength and &erred to as hard radiation
d). Short wavelength and refemd to as sofi radiation

4. oni is at ion of aS&I unuIsion causes the film to be:

a). Developed
b). Fixed
c). Processed
d). Expasea

5. Geometric unshaqness depends upon

a). The focal spot size

b). The specimen thickne88
c). The FFD
d). All of the h v e

6. Scatted radiation form the floor, walls is r e f d to as

a). Primary radiation

b). Backscattered radiation
c). Undercut
d), Reflected radiation

7. Tbc purpose of the stop bath during film procasing is to :

 a). Change the exposed siha salts to black metallic silver
b). Ndralised developer and stop the developing process
c), Remove the subbing layer of the film
d). AH of the above occur

8. In order to increase the intensity of X-rays we should :

a). Increase the tube current

b). Increase the tube voltage
c). k e a s e the tube voltage
d). Move the specimen away h m the film

9. If a film is placed in a developer solution and allowed to develop without

agitation :

a). Will show poor contrast

b). Cannot be fixed
c). Will show general fogging over the entire radiograph
d). Will show darlr spots on its surface

10. The fixing solutions used in film v i n g are

a). Alkaline
b). Neutral
c). Acidic
d). Basic

1 1. A graph showing the relationship between material thickness ,kilovoltage and expo-
timesiscalled:

a). A characteristic curve

b). An H&D curve
c). BLn exposure chart
d). A technique sheet

12. The time taken for a film to lose its "milky" appearance during fixation is r e f d to as :

a). Fixing time

b). Development time
c). Clearing time
d). Dwell time

13. Radiographic contrast can be redud by :

a). Inmasiig the FFD

b). Deaeasing the SFD
 c). Decreasing the wavelength of the radiation
d). Increasing the development time

14. Raising the Irv and using lead screens can eliminate wbich ofthe following type of
artefact?
a) Diffiction mottling
b) Reticulation
c) Static mark
d) Slmemimark

15. When the minute silver grains on which the X-ray film image is formed group together in
relatively large mersses, they produe a visual impression called:

a). air bells

b). graininess
c). reticulation
d). w i n g

16. When manually processing films, the pwpose for s h q l y tapping hangers two or three
times after the films have been lowered into the developer is to:

a). d i m unexposedsilver grains on the film sudkce

b). prevent frilling
c). dislodge any air bubbles clinging to the emulsion
d). all of the above

17 An excellent radiograph is obtained under given exposure conditions with a tube ammt
of five milliamperes and an exposure time oftwelve minutes. If other conditions are not
changed, what exposure time would be required if the X-ray tube m m n t could be raised
to ten milliampem?

a). 24 mimes
b). 12 minutes
c). 6 minutes
d). 3 minutes

18. Dieaction mottling can be reduced and o h eliminated by :

a). Raising the amperage

b). W i n g the kilovoltage
c). Using lead -s
d). All of the above would be required

19. Which of the following has the least penetrating pmprties?

a). X-rays.
b). Alpha particles.
c). Beta particles.
d). Gamma rays.
20. Which of the following weld defects would show up on a radiograph as, a dark irregular
line of various thiclaress running along the edge of the cap or the root?
a) Undercut
~ ~cap.
b) L d c o f f b s i o n , ~ or t
c) Slag inclusions.
d) All of the above could appear as above.
21.Which of the following discontinuities is caused by insficient cleaning betwem runs in
a MMA butt weld?
a) Undercut
b) Incomplete filled groove
c) Porosity.
d) Slag inclusions.

22. Welding on rolled plate with poor through thickness ductility can cause wbich of the
following?

a) Cold laps.
b) Laminations.
C) Lamellar taring.
d) Slivers.

23. Which of the following gamm m m t ~ would be preferred for radiography of an 6 mm

thick weld, srngle wall technique, a good quality radiograph is required:

24. Why are x-ray b a n s sometimes collimated when taking exposum of welds?
a) To intensify the effective radiation.
b) To restrict the beam for safety rwmm md to reduce scatter.
c) To reduce penumbra thereby increasing radiographic dekition.
d) To allow the kV to be duced.

25. When carrying out radiography on a d x m steel butt weld using Ir 192 as tbe source,
how many IQI wires must be visl%leon the radiograph for the technique to be accqtable,
in most circumstances?
5
b) 3
c) 7
d) None ofthe above can be considered not enough information given.
26. How is it possible to compensate for a large focal spot size to reduce penumbra?
 a) Reduce the kilovoltage.
b) Use a larger object-to-filmdistanae.
c) Reduce the f o d spot to film distance.
d) None ofthe above.

27. Ammonium thidphate and sodium thiodpbate are chdcals wed in:
a) Photographic emulsions.
b) Tho-luminescent dosemeters.
c) Fixers.
d) Developers.

28. The use of salt intensifying screens instad of lead screens will:
a) Reduce developing times.
b) Produce radiogmphs with a better definition.
c) Require an i n m e in exposure times.
d) Cause &lure of the reciprocity law.
29. Exposure time is directly proportional to:
a) Film to focw distance.
b) Intensity.
c) Wavelength.
d) AH of the above.

30. What is the IQI sensitivity if wire number 10 is visible using the DIN 62 IQI series on a
panoramic shot 36 inch diameter vessel, 500nrm f.fd,30 mm wall thickness?
a) 1.3%.
b) 1.06%.
c) 0.6%.
d) From the following information the IQI sensitivity cannot be detmnhed.
TWI
7 WORLD CENTRE FOR MATERIALS JOINING TECHNOLOGY

Radiographic Interpretation
End of Coum A-mb

Answer all questions,

General Theory
1. Why is it essential that in contract radiography the type of IQI must be stated in addition
to required sensitivity?

a) To meet quaIity quhments and show material type

b) To show that the correct density has been achieved
c) To show the shots were taken from the right distance
d) To show hat the welding procedure hrts been followed
2. How and whm should an IQI be placed on the test abject?

a) In the middle of the film

b) An IQI is fitted to the source and not place on the test object
c) With the thinnest wire towards the outex edge of the radiation beam
d) A m s s the thinnest section

3. Dots IQI sensitivity m a s refer to the defect smsitivitfl

a) Yes - if the defect is planar a 90degree to beam direction

b) No - IQI measure density not sensitivity
c) Yes-ifa0,Imm w i r e i s ~ t h e n a l l d e f ~ ~ o v e r O . l m c a n b e ~
d) No - IQI sensitivity and defect sensitivity have no direct correlation

4. What type of IQI is most suitable for weld inspection?

a) Step wedge
b) Wire type
c) Bunna astrol strip
d) Plaque type
5. Bow is IQI sensitivity (S%) calculated?
a) S%=WTxloO
b) S % = X + T + 100
c) S% = Exposure (Ma Mins) x Time
d) S % = m e s t w i r e x lOQ
Weld thickness
TWI
WORLD CENTRE FOR MATERIALS JOINING TECHNOWY

6. From a dograph how would you diffmtiate betwm a alumibium weld from steel?
a) Poor contrast due to low kv
b) Higher contrast due to hi@ lw
c) Poor definition due to grain structure
d) D i M o n patterns

7.From ti radiograph how would you differentiate between a steel weld h m aluminium?

a) Lead letters more clearly define than in aluminium

b) Lead letters less clear and poor in contrast than in dwnbiwn
C) Overexpose due to high a a g y gamma
d) Aluminium and steel weld would look like the same

8. What radiographic evidence would suggest that the exposing source was X or gamma?

a) Gamma ray would appear &et

b) Gamma has higher contrast than X-ray
c) Both would look the same
d) X-ray has higher mntrast than gamma

9. What would the radiographic result be of an exposure at too high a kilovolkge?

a) No I Q I h seen
b) Poor conbast
C) Higb contrast
d) Overexposed

10. What would be the effect of a 6:l ratio, focal object distance POD) to object f h
disfance(0FD) in the radiography of sr flat plate butt weld?

3 -ug
b) Srnall penumbra
c) Too long an exposure
d) Too much contrast

1 1. What is an advantage of gamma over X-ray?

a) Gamma gives higher conkast than X-ray

b) Gamma has better penetrating power than X-ray
c) Gamma is safer than X-ray
d) Gamma is cheaper long term than X-ray

12, What is disadvantage of gamma over X-rap

a) Gamma rays cannot be switched off, just shielded

b) Gamma source are heaviq than X-ray sets
C) Gamma source cannot be used near water
d) Gamma source need an electric power s q l y
13. What is a good radiograph?
a) One with good contrast, exoellent sensitivity and a density of 2.0
b) One which satisfies the requirement and meets the specification
c) One with small penumbra and a high contrast
d) One with a very good latitude and low contrast
14. What would determine your choice of film selection in tm of speed?

a) Keep the exposures as low as possible but meet the quality requirements
b) Film speed has no effect on the quslity
c) Fast fih should be used for thin matmid and slow h fix thick material
d) Manufactures recommendation

15, What information would you require prior the interpretation of a weld radiograph?

a) Material, thickness, spe.cification and awpt/rej& cxitaia

b) Type of film. developer, h e r and wash timt
c) The anticipatd loading stmses atld expected Mgue life of the component
d) A radioactive safety certificate from R,P,S.

16. The image on an exposed film a h development is camposed of?

a) Grey silver grains

b) Black silver grains
c) Silver bromide development centre
d) Silver M d e particles

17. One of the reasons for a radiograph to become too a& is caused by

a) Underexpose to radiation
b) Overexpose to radiation
c) Expired film has been used
d) Film has been under developed

18. In an X-ray tube the ........ is situated in the anode

a) Target
b) Filament
c) vacuum
d) Cathde

19. What are the stages when processing a film?

a) Developer, stop bath, h e r d nmning water

b) Fixer, Developer, stop bath and running water
c) Developer, fixer, stop bath and d n g water
d) Stop bath, developer, fixer and running water
TWI
rm# WORLD CENTRE FOR MATERMS JOINING TECHNOLOGY
20. Density is caldated by

21. A beam of X-ray or gamma ray w h a passed through a material suffers a loss in intensity.
This phenomenon is called

a) Photoelectric effect
b) Attenuationlosses
c) Backscatter
d) Absorption and scattering

22. Contrast and definition are the two factors that determine the ....... of the mdiographs.
a) Density
b) Intensity
c) Sensitivity
d) Graininess

23. The shorter the wavelength of gamma rays

a) The lower their energy

b) The faster they travel
c ) The greater their penetrating power
d) The closes they are bmme radiowaves

24. If an exposure taka 2 min. at om SFD of 250mm how long would the exposure be if the
SFD was changed to t metre

a) 6min.
b) 8 min.
c) 32 min.
d) 16 min.
25. An IQI should always be placed if possible

a) On the m u m side ofthe object

b) On the film side of the object
c) Inside the i i h cassette
d) At the radiographers discretion
TWI
--v WORLD CENTRE FOR MATERIALS JUINING TECHNOLOGY

26. If an exposure time of 3 minutes and 30 seconds wese necessary using a 5-mdm source to
film d i s t a n ~for a p a r t i a h exposure, what time would be necessary if a 3-metre source
to film distance is used and all other variabla m a i n the same?

a. 1 minute 43 seconds.
b. 1 minute 15 seconds.
c. 65 minutes 12 seconds.
d. 2 minutes 55 seconds.
27. From an exposure chart for a ffd of 1 m, an expame time of 12 minutes is indicated.
What will the new exposure time be at 600 mm?

a 2.3 minutes.
b. 4.3 minutes.
c, 8 minutes,
d. 23 minutes.
28. The pmt of an atom, which carries a positive charge, is called?
a) Positron.
b) Neutron.
c) Proton.
d) Electron.

29. The wavelength of an x-ray radiation beam affects which of the following?

a. The quantity of x-rays pmducd.

b. The quality of x-rays produced.
c. The mount ofdevelopment time required,
d. All of the above.

30.Isotopes of a single elemat differ only in the number of:

a. Protons.
b. Neutrons.
c. Electrons.
d. Positrons.
3 1. Which of the following criteria are important consideratioils when selecting the correct
IQI to use?

a. The wire shall have a coefficient of -tion as close as possible to that ofthe
material under tmt.
b. The wire Ml be made h m the same matffial as the material under test.
c. The wire can be made from any material providing the desirable image quality is
achieved.
d The wire is always made h m stainless steel to prevent rusting occurring.
TWI

32. What is the amount of penumbra for the following mditiom, size of wusw (lx2)tnm,
object thickness 75mm,source to object distance 15m and exposure 28 mA minutes.

33, Radiographic contrast is affected by:

a. The thickness of the specimen.

b. Scatter radiatioh.
c. The intensity ofthe radiation used.
d. Bothamd b.

34. Lead foil in direct contact with radiogqhic film:

a Intensifiesthe primary radiation more than the scatter radiation.
b. Decreases the conimst of the radiographic image.
c. Intensifies the scatter radiation more than the primary radiation.
d, Should never be used when the kV's exceed 120.
e. Both a and b.

35. Which of the following factow will give the best film i m a s sharpness:
a. Small adwd focal spot size, long 0.f.d. and a long KEd.
b. S M o.f.d, long f.f.d. and a s t d l effective focal spot size.
c. The use of shorter wavdeagth radiation, long ff.d. and a small actual hcal spot size.
d. Long f.f.d, short o.f.d, and the use of longer wavelength radiation.

36. Low enagy ionising radiation:

a. Are scattaed more easily than high energy x-rays.
b. Are scatteed less than high energy x-rays.
c. Produce lower mntrast radiographs.
d, None of the above.
37. The Z number is:
a The atomic mass number.
b. The total number of electrons + neutrons.
c. The total number of neutrons + protons,
d. Dictates the element type.
TWI
WORLD CENTRE FOR MATERIALS JOINING TECHNOLOGY

38, An atom w h i c h b lost an orbiting electron is said to be:

a Radioactive.
b. A negative ion.
c. Ionised.
d. A nucleus.

39.The part of an atom,which carries o negative charge,is called?

a. Positron.
b. Neutron
c. Proton,
d. Electron.

40. The A number ofan element is:

a. The number of neutrons plus protons.
b. The number of electrons plus protons.
c, The numba of neutrons only.
d. Dictates the element type.
TWI
4 WORLJ3 CENTRE FOR MATEAUI J O l M O TECHNOLOGY

41. Using the issued chart, calculate the pemntage d t i v i t y when you can see six wires on
a DIN 6- 12. The specimen is 64mm thick.

42. Which of the following is a planar d e f i d

Porosity
Slag inclusion
Wormhole
Cmcks

~ spurious indicators we most likely to be taken fbr d e W

43. Which two mmmon t y p of

Scratchm and lcinks

Drying marirs and static
Radioactive spotting and reticulation
Pressure marks and lead screen fbults
44. You suspect a spurious indication on a film. Suggest how you would invdgate this?

Rewash the film

Try to remove the indication with a light h i o n
View both sides in daylight or re-shoot
Adjust the KV or switch to gamma and re-shoot

45, Which are the radiographic techniques, used for pipe radiography?

a) Single wall single image, Double wall single image, Double wall double image
b) Straight beam technique, pulsed beam technique
c) Continuous radial contact tdmique
d) Single wall double image, Single wall multi image, Dwble image side wall
TWI
mI WORLD CENTRE FOR MATERIALS JOlNING TECHNOLOGY

46. What is the diffmce in interpretationbetween lack ofroot fusion as against lack of
penetration?

a) Lack of mt fusion forms as a dark zig-zag line and lack of p e n d o n fbrmsas a

dark elongated irregular shape
b) Lack of root fusion forms as a dark rounded spots and lack p e n d o n f m s as a
dark fuzy line alwg the edge
c) Lack of root e o n f m s as a dark straight line d y on one side of the weld and
lack of penetration forms as a dark straight line usually centre of the weld
d) Lack of root fusion forms as a fuzzy dark area adjacent to the root and lack of
penetmtion forms as a dark rounded spots

47. Wbat is the purpose of the IIW ref- radiographs and what is the implication of their
dour d e ?

a) Reference radiographcm be used as an W r e j e c t criteria for welds

b) They are for idning interpretation and classifying defect
c) They are used to compare densities of radiographs
d) They are to train radiographers in best techniqm

48. On what size pipe would you expect a double wall double image technique to be applied?

a) 2Smm max.
b) 40mm max.
c) 90mmmax.
d) 1 9 h m a x .

49. Double wall double image what are the precautions and main requirements of this
technique?

a) Skill required and o a e t of focal spot required depending on the width of cap
b) No skill required d place the focal spot directly on the weld
c) Skill required and offset of focal spot to be place in contact to with the parent metal
d) Skilled required a d to place focal spot horizontal to weld

50, Which defect is not likely to be formed in a TIG welding?

a) Porosity
b) Slag inclusion
C) Crack
d) Burnthrough
&H WORLD CENTRE FOR MATERUB JOINING TECHNOLOGY

51. A crack will appear on a as a

a) Light irregular line

b) Dmk intermittent or jagged line
c) Dark rounded spot or circle
d) Dark or light straight line

52. BS or DIN type IQ1 will allow us to assess

a) The quality of the weld

b) The quality ofradiograph
C) The size of the source used
d) The definition of a radiogmph
53. The percentage of light transmitted WU$I
a radiograph when the density is 2 is

54. A duplex or CERL IQI is used to assess

a) Contrast
b) Density
c) Definition
d) High density inclusion

55. Which of the following defects would show up as light indications?

a. Copper inclusions, slag inclusions and excessive root penetration.

b. Tungsten inclusions, spatter and lack of root penW011,
c. Tungpten inclusions, excessive root penetration and spatter.
d. Excessive cap height, oopper inclusions and mdanushing

56. Which of the foUowing defects are likely to be missed using x-ray as the inspection
medium?
a. Plate laminations, lack of sidewall fusion on a single U butt weld and cap overlap.
b. Toe cracks, plate laminations and lack ofside wall fusion on a single U butt weld.
c. Plat laminations, lack of inter run fusion using the MIGIMAG welding process and
cap overlap.
d. A11 defects are always detected using x-rays.
TWI
I5 WORLD CENTRE FOR MATERIALS IOHINO TECHNOLOGY

57. A radiograph shows a single, datir parallel indication with straight edges, down the
centre of the weld area. What is the probable defect?

Misalignment,
Cap undercut.
Lack of root penetratioa
Lack of root fusion

58. In most cases which of the following is applicable to the double wall double image
radiographic technique:

a Should not be used on pipe dim- less than 100mm.

b,ShouId not be wed on pipe diameters more than 1OOmm
c.May be used on any pipe diameter providing the contrast is acceptable.
d, Should be used on plate butt welds.

$9. In most cases which of the following ~ i c will q u i r e the IQI to be

o ~ htechniques
placed on the film side:

a SWSI panoramic
b. DWSI
c. SWSI.
d. Both a and b

60. E x d v e exposure of a film to light before development of the fdm will most likely
result in:

a.A fogged film

b .Yellow stains.
c.White streaks
d. Dark streah.

61. Mottling due to difbctim can be r e d u d and, in some cases, eIiminated by:
a Reducing the wavelength.
b.Changing the radiation angle slightly, e.g. 5'
c. Increasing the wavelength.
d.Both a and b.
e.Both b and c.

62. An unshielded iaotope source gives a dosage rate of 700 mR per hour at 7 feet. What
would the unshielded dosage rate be at 29 feet?
a. 120142 mR per hour.
b. 168.M mR per hour.
c.40.78 mR per hour.
d.22.8 mR per hour.
TWI
--w WORLD CENTRE FOR MATERIALS JOINING TECHNOLOGY

63.Welding on rolled plate with poor through thickness ductility can cause which of the
following?
a.Cold laps.
b.laminations.
c. Lamellar tearing.
d. Slivers.

64. Which of the following is applicable to hydrogen cracking?

&It's a hot d.
b.The most wmmon type of crack that occurs in G Mn steels.
c.Oaly occurs in the HAZ of steel weldments.
d M y occurs weld centre line.

65. Which of the following materid(s) are collimatom made from?

a, Gold
b.M.
c. Copper
d. Any dense material is suitable for a collimator.

.The depth of a defect dl ready detected may be estimated by malcing two exposures on a
single 6hn h m different positions of the x-ray tube. The depth of the defect is then
computed from the shift in the shadow of the defect with respect to the images of fixed
markers on the front and back ofthe spahen. The method is referred to as:
a. Stereoradiogrphy
b.Sandwich technique.
c. Fluoroscopy.
d . P d l a x technique.

67.What do you understand by the term solarization?

&Anotherterm given to fog.
b.It is the main cause of dichroic fog.
c.It is where a radiographicfilm h e s lighter instead of darker, due to ex&vdY
high exposures.
d. It relates to the intensification of scatter radiation more than primary radiation.

68.Determina the intensity of radiation at a distance of 1 m if a survey meter reveals 78

mrh at 500mm.
TWI
v!!!!ii
' WORLD CENlRE FOR MATERIALS JOJMNG TECHNOLDGY

69.What qualities would a radiograph of a 1Onrm thick steel weld possless if it had been
producedusing a 30 Ci cobalt source exposed fbr over 5 mbutes?

a High contrast, when compared to a radiograph produced using a 10 Ci cobalt source.

b. It would have high density unless solarisation had taken place.
c, It would have high definition.
d.lt would probably be blank,
70.Water spots tan be minimized by:

a.Rapid drying
b. Immersing the wet film in a wetting agent before drying
c. By using a fresh fixer solution.
d. By cascading water during the rinse cycle.
 TWI
wl THE WELDING INSTITUTE '

Senior Welding Inspection WIS 10 -

Multi - Cholce Question Paper (MSR-SWI-MT-1)

Name: .......,..,.,.. ,.,.,. ., .,,..

,,, ..........,,..,,
Answer all questions

I. A desirabk property of magnetic particles used for the inspection medium for either
the d v or wet method, is that they:
LB: posses high permeability.
b. Posses high retentively.
c. Must be non-magnetic
d. None of the above

2. The accumulation of partides held at a leakage fiejd on a components su~aceis

called:
a. A dlscontinulty.

2indz:Ciion.
d. Magnetic writing

3. Which of the following methods my be considered for the magnetic particle inspection i
of a large casting, both for surface and subsurface defects: b
a. A.C. yolk
b. Permanent magnet.
& D.C. prods.
d. All of the above.
C

4. A magnetising force of one oersted produces:

a. 1 gauss.

2;;z.
d. 10' Tesla. - 5.7Qr)p Iw \ N?M
;
y2 - .
WIS 10 Qu paper MSR-SWl-MT-1 issue 3 Date: 281051m3
 TWI '

-
. - p5!iiif THE WELDING INSTITUTE
p-
.J,. ,-

*-4. Which of the following is the most likely appearance of tack of root fusion on a
radiograph taken of a single V butt weld?

*+
,
d / dark
~ straight line with a light root.
d
!
L >

b. A dark straight line with a root of higher density.

A,.
c. A dark root with straight edges.
d. A dark uneven line with a light root.

3%
:* 5. Which of the following defects would show up as light indications?
'1

a. Copper inclusions, slag inclusions and excessive root penetration.

b. Tungsten inclusions, spatter and lack of root penetration.
\ d ~ u n ~ s i einclusions,
n excessive root pektration and spatter.
'!:*'*.,
k. -,. d. Excessive cap height, copier inclusions and underflushing.
P"*
A,,>..*

c-
- 16. '-w
.-
If an exposure time of 3 minutes and 30 seconds were necessary using a 5-metre
I>.
source to film distance for a particular exposure, what time would be necessary if a 3-
metre source to film distance is used and all other variables remain the same?
a. 1 minute 43 seconds.
,d1 minute 15 seconds.
c. 65 minutes 12 seconds.
d. 2 minutes 55 seconds.

"YR

k, 17. In order to increase the intensity of x-radiation:

' -- d ~ h tube
e current should be increased.
b. The tube current should be decreased.
c. The test specimen should be moved nearer to the film.
d. A lower kilovoltsgs should be applied to the tube.

WIS 10 Qu paper MSR-SWI-RT-1 issue 3 Date: 28/05/03

 TWI
liG!87/ THE WELDING INSTlTUf E

18. Excessive exposure of film to light prior to development of the film will most likely

' 7;f:ged film.

b. Yeflow stains.
c. An increase in film contrast.
d. Frilling,

19. The penetrating ability of gamma rays is governed by:

a. The isotopes activity.
b. Time plus activity.
c. The isotopes half-life.
d The alornic number of the element used for the isotope.

20.Two different gamma isotopes of the same activity:

d Will produce different wavelengths of radiation.
b. Will produce the same quality of radiation.
c. Will produce the same intensities and wavelengths of radiation.
d. Will produce only electromagnetic and ionisirrg radiation.

2 1. A good radiograph is produced using the following exposure conditions. 4 minutes at h

3 mA. What exposure time would be needed if the mA were reduced to ZmA? b

d. 6 minutes.
b. 3 minutes.
c. 2 minutes.
d. 4 minutes.

WIS 10 Q u paper MSR-SWI-RT- I issue 3 Date: 28/05/03 5 of?

 >-:,
THE WELDING INSTITUTE
=*..,.,,
+
b2.
Reticulation resulting in a puckered or netlike film surface is probably caused by:
'>+
a . Crimping the film afterexposure
-'.rc

$/ Sudden elreme temperature change while processing.

c. Crimping the film before exposure.
-
d. Warm or exhausted fixer.

c23. A penetrameter on the film side of the object is used to indicate:

a. The size of discontinuities in a part.
&.
b. The density of the radiograph.
c. The amount of film contrast. qk'

F" .*.,-
d ~ h overall
e quality of h e radiographic
.. technique used.

r-
L'v24. X-rays and gamma rays are:
*.I a. ~orpuscblarand ionising radiation.
- 7 4
:-
%a b. Particulate and ionising radiation,
c. !?articulate and corpuscular radiation.
r.
A': Electromagnetic and ionising radiation.

25. The acdvlty of the developer solution is maintained stable by:

&
&-*
a. Constant agitation

L b- Maintaining processing solutions within the recommended temperature range.

* .*.

L
'C., c. Avoiding contamination from the water wash.
Addifon of replenisher.

26.The small area in the x-ray tube from which the x-radiation emanates is called the:
/a. Focal spot.
b, Filament,
c. Focusing cup.
d. Cathode.

\!IS 10 Qu paper MSR-SWI-RT-I issue 3 Date: 2W05103

 -
-**
--*
THE WELDING INSTITUTE -
7 . The absorpUon of gamma rays from a given source when passing through matter

f "c
:.i; number, density and lhicknsrr or the matter.
b. The Young's modulus value of the matter.
c. The specific activity value of the source.
d. All of the above.

28. The fact that gases, when bombarded by radiation, jonise and become electdcal
conductors makes them useful in:
a. X-ray transformers.
b. X-ray tubes.
{~adiation detection equipment.

-
d. Radiographic film,

-A
29. A graph showing the refatkn between matanal thickness, klovdtage and exposure is
called:
a, A bar chart.
Jd An exposure chari.
#An~&~cuwe. -
N i b -I'~kb'
, Beta particles are:
a. Neutrons.
b, Protons.
d Electrons.
d , Positrons.

WIS I 0 Qu ppct MSR*SWI-RT-I issue 3 bare: 28,05103

 RADIOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION ASSESSMENT -
Nama . ...........................

1. If an exposure time of 2 minutes were necessary uslng a 3 metre source-to-film

distance b r a particular exposure, what time would be Ilecwsary if a 6 metre source-
to-film distance is used and all other variables m a i n the same ?
A. 12 minutes
0. 4 minutes
C. 8 mlnutes
0. 6 minutes

2. The characteristic curve of a fast film wperlmposed on a graph eontalnlng a

cbaracteriWc curve of a slow film :
A. Will be superlmposed on top of the cum far the film but wRh a m r gradient
6. Wilt be superlmposed on top of the ame for slow film, but the length of the
curve will be different
C. Wltl lie to the rlght of the cum for the fast fllm
D. Wllliletothele~oftheculwfor~eslowfilm 4
3. If start with SO curies of COW,what will the activity be at the end of 15.9 years ?
A. 12.5 curled
8. 6.25 curlesJ
C 3.125 curles
0. 1.75 curies

4. Which standard is entitled " t V m d ~ ~ & ~ W

mhg-Image
ve qwfityof Wbgmphs ?

What are gamma rap ?

A. They are the disintegration of a radio-nudide
8. They are form of excess energy emitted because of certain disintegrations of a
radionuclide
C. They are the sub-atomic partides which are emitted when a radio-isotope
disintegrates
D. Gamma mys are a form of electromagnetic radiation emitted from all isotopes
Whkh of he following types of crack Is the most common type enuwntered, m a t e d
with welds made on C-Mn steels ?
A. Re-heat c r d n g
5. lamellar tearing . .
C. Solidification crackng
D. Hydrogen elated cra& #
The number 60 In mbak 60 is :
A. The number of neutrons added to the number of protons 4
B. The number of neutrons only
C. The number of protons only
0. Distance the dement type

What is the appearance of defractlon mottle ?

Yellow stain
Flne porosity J
tdghtning like
Pink

The project ( M v e ) fual spot slze of an x-ray tube is determined :

A. F.f.d and 0.f.d
8. The total area of the tungsten target set into ltie anode.
C. The angle of the tungsten target and the ske of the electron beam. 1
D. The distance between athod@and anode
A crater crack may also be described as :
A. Cold crack
0. fearlng
C.
0.
Starm
Fatigue vack
/'
Which unit has replaced the Rad ?
A. The sievert

C. The gray
D, The becqueret

The absorpdon of radiation by a material varies :

Dlrectly with the square of the distance from
Dlrectly with the thickness of the material3-
Inversely with the amount of scattering In the material
I n an approximately exponentlal manner with the thickness of the material
 13, Ytterbium 169Isa gamma swrcewhlch:
A. Produces relatively g d quality radiographs at the correct mposure when
compared with radfographs p r o d u d w?th Ir 192
6. Produces very short wave length radiation .- ' ..,. +.:..: .
..... . . C. Generally used with fluorometallk screens L.

D. All of the above

A trace on a radiograph whih shows the relationship between the logarithm of the
exposure applled to a photographic fllm and the resutUng photographfc denslty is
called:
A. A bar chart
0. An exposure chart
C. A logarlthmlc chart
D, A characteristic cuwe

15. In order to reduce penumbra :

A, The object could be made arblflcialty thicker
B. The radiation should proceed from as large a focal spot as other constdemtbm
will allow
C The film shwld be as far m b l s from the object being radiographed
D. The e radlatlon source b the fllm should be as long as
practlcable

16. From an exposure chart for a f.f.d of 1 m, an exposure time of 122 minute is
Indicated. What will new fqmsure Ume be at 600 mm ?
A. 2.3 minutes
0. 4.3 min-
C. 8 minutes
D. 23 mi-
17. Which of the fallowing are m n s fw fixation ?
A.
0
To remove the undeveloped silver halides in the emulsion/-
To dissolve silver handle crjstals which have an e x d v e photographk hnslty
C. To reduce the surface tenslon of the s6lution
0. Alloftheabove

18. A large source slze can be compensated for by :

A Increasing the sourceto-spctmen distance
B. The addition of lead filters
C. Increasing the
D, None of the above

19. What is the relationship gabecquerels and curies ?

A. 3.7 101°GBq = 10
B. ~ la
2.7 1ol0 G B =
C. 37 GBq = 1 Ci
D. 109 GBq = 1Ci

. ..---.. .
,
' I..
22. The ability to detect a small dlscontirmity or flay m a radiograph is called ?
' A, Radiographic conbast
B. Radiographic sensitivity
C. Fllm denslty
D. Radiographic ddnition

23. S M c marks, which may occur on a radiographic, are aused by :

A. Film being pulled quickly from between the intenslfylng screens in humid
condltlons
B. Forelgn material or dlrt on the sueens during exposure /- '

C. Scratches on the lead screens

Dm Conhrninated developer solution

24. A penebmeter is used to measure :

A. The quality of the radographic mnlque
B, me she of any Qaontlnuities in a part
C. The amount of film contrast
D. Bath A and B. d.

2S. WhW of the following materlal has the great& half value thickness for a give
wavelength 7
A. Sleel
0. Concrete /'
C. Tungsten
0. Aluminum

26. A Radiograph of a lOmm thldc skd A d , 2mm cap retnfwcement, has IQI wire
number 13 visible ( Din 62 ). What is the IQI sensibhrlty?

27. W h i d of the following are consideratton to determine the minimum number of

exposures required to cover a 500mm diameter pipe to pipe weld DWSZ technique :
A. Development mndltions. Material type and f.f,d ,

B. Material thicknam, pipe diameter and f.f.d 4

C. flpe diameter, material type and f.f,d
D. Alloftheabove

28. How many wires are in the Din 62 IQI series :

A, 7 ' =-
B, 21
C. 16
D. I0
27. Movement, geometry and screen contract are there factors Wch affect radiugraphlc :
A. Contrast
B. Wnsharpness
C. Denslty
D. Alloftheah /'

28. What would be the result if a film is place In a developer dutlon and allowed to
develop without any agitation and tapping ?
A. Dichrok fog and mottling
0. Reticulation and white spots 4
'

,
C. Yellow fog and dark spots
D. Brcrmidestreakingandwhitespots

29. X-ray and gamma ray are types of :

A, Electromagnetrc and ionlslng mdiation
B. Electromagnetic and corpuscular radiation
C. Ionlslng and corpuscular radiation
D. All of the above

30. Inherent unsharpness is :

A. Another term given to penumbra
B. Is~usedthroughUleusedof~a~focalspotsi~
C To m e degree Is alw resent In a radhgraphk image
D. All of the a b e7
 . . :,

MULTt - CHOICE QUESTtON PAPER ( MSR Rt - -3 )

I, The interval w n the time the film is placed in the fixer solution and the time when
the original milky image disappears is known as :
,.. .
' A. The M n g time
8. The daadng time /
C. The developing time
O. The development time

2. When carrying out radiography on a carbon st& butt weld using lr192 as the source,
how many IQ1 wires must be visible on'the radiograph for the technique to ba
acceptable in most drcumstanoes ?

C. 7
D. None of the above can be selected nod enough Information is given

3. Images of d i s c o n 8 i n u ~dose to the s o m a side of the spdmen b e m e bsa dearly

define as :
A. Source to object distance increases
8. The thickness of the specimen increases'
v
C. The slze of the source decreases
0. Thethicknessofthespecimenreduces

4. Radiographic films with large grain size when compared to fibs with small grain &as :
A. Will produce radiographs of a better quality
0. Will p d w a radiograph with a reduced quality /
C. WM have slower film speeds
D. Will reduce development times

5. In most cases which of the following is applicabld to the double wall double image
radiographictechnique :
A. Shauld not be used on pipe diameters less than 100 mm
B. Should not be used on pipe diameters more than 100 mrn ./
C. May be used on any pipe diameter providing the contrast is acceptable
D. Should be used on plate butt welds

6. In most cases Mich of the following radiographic techniques will require the IQI to be
placed on the film side :
A. SWSl panoramic
B. DWSI /
C. SWSl
a. Both Aand B
7. Which of the following criteria are important considerations when seleding the corred
IQIto use ? . .# A

A. The wire shall have a coefficient of absorption as ckse as possible to thal of the
material under test
8. The wire shall be made from the same material as the material under test /
C. The wlre can be made f m any material providing the desirable i m w quality is
achieved
0. The wire is always made from stainless to prevent rusting occurring

8. Density is a logarithmic ratio of :

A. The transmitted tight compared with light from the viewer
0. The incident light divided by the transmitted light
C. The light from the viewer divided by the incident tight
D. The transmitted light multiplied by the incident tight

9. When struck by X-rays or Gamma rays lead sweens emit :

Electromagnetic energy
Electrons w
Protons
All of the above

10. The half value thickness of a material depends upon :

A. Exposure time
0. The intensity of radiation used
C. Thewavelengthofradiationused 4
D. Alloftheabove

11. When using the same light source, a film that transmits 1110 of t h inddent ~ YgM,
another film transm'h 11100 of the ineldent ilght, what is the density of thm s a d film ?

12. fhe welding process most suited to the joining of thin materials such as copper,
stainless steel and aluminum :
A. MMA
B.
C. TIG
0. FCAW
13. What is the IQI sensitivity if wire number 10 is visible using DIN 62 IQ1 series on a
panoramic shot 36 inch diameter vessel, 500 mm f.f.d and a 30 mm wall thickness 7
A. 1.3 %
B. 1.06 % ;L ?@' "
C. 0.6 %
D. From the following information IQI sensitivity can not be calculated
so
14. b a d foil in direct contact with X-ray film :
A. Intensifiesthe primary radiation
B. Fitters out scattered radiation
C. Increases radiographic
I). All of the above Ztras'
15. What is the amount of penumbra for the fdlowlng conditions, size of source 4 mm, wall
thickness 75 m,source to object distance 15 m and exposure 28 mA minutes
A. 0.2 mm

C. 2.0mrn
D. 2.1 mm

16. Which of the following radiographic tedmiques would be most likely used when
carrying out radiography on a 300 mm diameter pipe weld ( ciroumferenhl 1 with no
Internal access ?
A. DWDl
0. DWSl ' -
C. SWSI ( panoramic ) 4
D. SWSl

17. Under most condltionir, w h i i of the following would give a SWSl multiple image
technique ?
A. The radiographic examination of a plate butt weld over 40 metres in length
B. The radiographic examination of a pipes girth weld, full circumference less than
90mrn diameter, m, internal access
C. The tadlographic examination of a pipe girth weld, full cirwmfemnce aver 500
mm diameter, both intemf and e x t m l access
D. The radiographic examination of the same conditions as for *cUbut no internal
a mss

18. A graph showing the relatlonshtp between material thickness, kitowltap and exposure
is d i e d a :
A. Characteristic curve
6. Bar chart
C.
D.
Exposure chart
H and D curve
J
19. Excessive exposure of a film to light before development of the film will most likely
result in :
A. A fogged film
B. Yellow stains
C. White streaks
0. Dark streaks 1-
. ..
L.. .. . .:.-
,. .

A.
B.
C.
D.

8.
Decrease

+-".
Radiographic contrast is affected by :
The thickness of the specimen
Scatter radiation

As X-ray energy decreases wave length wilt :

Increase J

No change to the wave length

Increase in beam width

Approximately what is the thickness range of Co60 ?

Which of the following is naturally occurring radioisotope ?

A.
8.
C.
D.

A.
Iridium 192
Cobalt 60
Radium 226
Ytterbium 169

A densitorneter is :
A meter used to measure X-ray intensity
A instrument for measuring film density-
C. A meter used to measure radiation exposure
0. A meter used to measure current
All most all radiography is performed with :
Naturally occurring isotopes
Artificially produced isotopes
Thulium 170
None of the above
J
/

The time required for a one half of the atoms in a sample of radioactive material to
disintegrate is called :
The inverse square law
The curies
The half life 4'-
The haIf value thickness

The primary form of energy conversion produced when electrons strike a target in an X-
ray tube :
A.
B.
C.
D.
Secondary X-rays
Primary X-rays
Electrons
Heat 4
28. Scattered radiation from the flow or walls is referred to as :
A. Primary radiation
B. M e c t e d radiation *
C. Back scatter radiation /
D. Particulate mdiatlon
29. The density difference between two selected arms of radiograph is knm as
A. Radiographic contrast /-
B. Definition
C. Film denslty
D. Specific density

30. The sharpness the edge of a density field is referrad to as ?

A. Defmition
B. Subject contrast
C. Radiographic contrast
0. Film density
 -
MULTI CHOICE QUESTION PAPER ( MSR-R14)

I. What qualities would radiograph of a 1Omm thick steel weld possess if it had been
produce using a 30 C1 Cobat source wposed for over 5 minutes 7
Hfgh contrast when compared to a radiograph prodm using a 10 a Cobalt
source, /
It would have high density unless solarisatton had take place
It would have high deflnitson
It would probably be black

2. Which of the follovving information can be obtained from a films characteristic curve 7
A Changing the exposure tlme if the f.f.d changer 4
B. Determining the films Mnitlon
C. Determining the film contrast
0. Determining the radiographic sensitivity

3. The slop or-steepnes of a chamdaistk curve is a measure of :

A. Mnltlon
B. film contrast
C. Film s p e e d /
D. Fllin sensltlvtty

4. Ammonium Wosulphate and sodium thlosulphate are chemids used In :

A. Rxers
0. Developers
C, Film emulsions
D. Stop baths

5. The use salt intensifying screens Instead of lead screens wlW :

A. Reduce development times
0. Increase deflnltlon
C Increase radiographlc contrast
D. Reduce exposure times

6. Mottling due to dlffracblon can be reduced and in some cases eliminated by :

A, Redudng the wavelength
B, Changing the radiation angle about 5"
C. Increasing the wavelength
D. Both A and B /
7. Whlch of the will glve the best film quality ?
A. Ultra fine grain
0. Coa- grain
C Medium grain
D. The fastest film posslble
8. The focusing cup functions as an ektmbtic lens whose purpose :
A. Direct x-rivys tawads the anode
B. Direct a stream of electrically charged particles towards the anode /'
C. To shorten the wavelength
D. Both A and B

9. When manually developing radiographic films :

A. Dweloper temperature 20°C for 4 to 5 minutes /
B. M o p e r temperature 28OC for 4 to 5 mlnutes
C. Dwdoper temperature 20°C for 4 to 5 m d s
D. Any of the above can be used developer Ume and temperature depends an the
operator

10. The purpose of the flxer is to :

A. Remove al the undevetoped salts ofthe emulsion
0, To leave the developed silver as a permanent image
C, To harden the emulslon
O. Att of the above4
11. Water spuk can be minimlsed by :
A Rapid dlying
B. Immersing the wet fllm in a W n g agent M o r e drying 4'
C By used a fresh fixer solution
D. By cascading water during t b rtnse cycle
12. What Is the appeannce of dlchrok fog on a radiograph pace on a viewer ?
A. Green/yelow
B. Pink
C Mottled
D. Dark grey / black

13. What would be the result If a film was placed In a developer solution and allwed to
develop with any agitation ?
A, Bromide streaking
B. Diffraction mottle +--
C, Yellow fogging
D, Whltespots
14. What is the purpose of tapping the film hangers on the slde of the development tank
before fixing the film ?
'A. Toreducethechanceofbromidestreaking
8. Todislodgeanyairbubblesthatmaycausewlthspotsontheradlograph
C. To avoid static discharge from occurring
D. All of the above
15. Yellow fogging is most likely due to :
A mewdofoutofdatefilm 4
8. Film stored In damp condltlon
C. InsufFldent ftnal wash
0. Out of date fixer

16. Dark dmplng marks that may accur on a radlograph are most llkely to occur because
of :
A. Crlmping the radiograph a&r expowre
0. Crlmping the radograph befwe apowre d
C Crimping the radlograph during w u r e
0. Bad film storage

17. Ionisation of a film emuis[on causes the film to be :

18. The purpose of the stop bath during fltm processlng is to :

A. Change the exposed sltver sab black m W a l salts
0. ~eutrallsddthe developer tank
C Neubalise the development pmcess /
0. R e m the subblng layer from the fllm

19, The fixing solution used h film processlng are :

A. Addic /"
B. Alkaline
C. Neutral
D. Basic

20. When p d u d n g radlograph, if the

A. The subject contrast decreaw
B. The film contrast decreases
C. Subject contrast lnueases
D. The film contrast l m s e s

21. Three liquids, which are essential to process an exposed film correctly, are :
A. Stop bath, acetic acid and water
8. Developer, stop bath and water
C. Developer, fixer and water ' "/

D. Acetic add, fixer and stop bath

 20. lead su-eensused in indubid radiography :
'LY
A. To improve the quality of the radograph by preferentially reduclng the Meet of
scatter
0. To reduce exposure
C. Both A and B 2'-
D, Neither A or B are reasons for uslng lead screens

21. The steeper the gradient of the straight line portion of a specific films charaderistlc
h mnre :
A The wider the fllm latltude
B. Thehigherthefilmsdeflnltion
C. The higher the film contrast
D. The lower the fllm contrast /'

22. Which of the following has no effect on film contrast ?

A. Wave length of he radiation used A
B. Film density
C. Film type
D. Alloftheabove

23. A contrast potentlal circuit of x-ray equipment is known as :

d A. A half-wave rectified drcuit
B. A C d d t
C. An uncertified urcuit
D. A grelnadwr circuit

* 24, The atomic number of an atom Is known as its :

A, A number
B. Atomic mass number
C. Z number /
D. Nnumkr

25. W h i of the s has the longest half-life'?

A. Caeslum 137
0. Thullum 170
C. Cobalt 60
0, Iridium 192

A 26. When producing radiographs with x-ray the kilo-voltages is increased :

A. The radiographic contrast decreases
B. The subject contrast increases
C. The film contrast increases
'D. The film contrast decreases
29. The degree of darkness on a radiograph is referred to as :
A. Radiographic contrast
B. Uefinltlon
C. film densityJ'
D. Specific density

30. A requirement for the generation of x-ray is :

A. A copper target
0. A target of a suitable high melting point material /
'
C. A target of a low-density material
D. BothAand 0
 I. Which ofthe following isotopes has the longest hawis 7
/Cobalt 60 5-"' .&. .
v
8. Iridium192 ? t d a
+..
, -
. ,I. I
,

C. Ytterbium 169 32- 6 -

. .
D. Selenium 75 79e
t
,+ , .
a , 4
. *.;
2, f he half-life of an isotope is dependsnt.upolcl ' '(t*- #* :
4

A. The source to film distance F?+

ly.l
B. The initial intensity of the isotope
I ysical size of the isotope

,. - E. All of the above

~ ' ' ' 2':
3. If an exposure tlme of 2 minutes were necessary sing a 3 mebe -bfilm
-
? c
.._..

:k
. , *
- - % ,
distance for a particular ex
'%
tu-film distance Is used and H other varlabtes remafn the same 3
4
sun,what time would ba emssary if a 6 metm source-
r C m
' ,A. ' .=.
-;.. . ,. -, .?*..'. .I
A. 12 minutes
. *
- - . -.
. .
h,; - B. 4 minutes
$1- , - ., .:
I. I L-C. 8 minutes
. -.
..
'
D. 8 minutes
-. ,,
- r .

:b
C .

1 ,
-. .
,
4. If we stat4 with 50 curles of Co 60,whd wlll the actkrrty be at the end of i 5 . 9 : p n ?
. ,
. *
't L-A. 12.5 curies
. . B. 6.25 curies /
':, C. 3.425 curies
$1 D. 1.75curi4
- Y . '*

' 5. The number 80 in Cobalt 60is : '

A. The number of neutrons added to the number of protons

8. T h e nwmbr of neutrons only .
4
Ye. The number of protons only q n -&-
D. Mctates the element type 4
6. Ytterbium 169 is a gamma s o h whib :
A Produces relatively good qmli diographsd the cowd exposum
compared with radiographs prodwd witblr 192 ?
 C. , 8 minutes
D. 23 minutes

p n gigabecquerels and wries ?

8. What is the relationship
b e1

9. X-ray and gamma rays are types of :

L. .A. Electromagnetic and ionising radiation 4
B. Electromagneticand corpuscular tadlation
C. lonising and corpuscular radiation
D. Alloftheabove

10. If it were necessary to radiogmph a ?-inch thick steel produd, which of the following
gamma ray source would most likely Be used ?
:. - A. Co 60 4
6. It192
C. Ce137-g$tS
a. Yb169
I
11. Which of the foflowlng*defeets are likely to be m i d using X-ray as the inspection 4
medium 3 , ! .,
. .
Y. * A. ;
Plate laminations, lack of slde wan fusion on single U butl weld and cap overlap / f
8. Toe cracks, plate laminations and la& of side wall fusion an a single U butt weld
C. Plate laminations, tack of inter run fuston using the MIG I MAG welding pmcess
andcapoverlap
D. AH defects are always detected using X-rays

t2. Which of the following is the most Ikdy appearance of lack of root fusion on a
radiograph taken of a single V butt wmld 3
A. A dark straight line with a Iiht root
B.
C.
D.
A dark r m t with straight edges Tty
A dark straight line with a root of high

A dark uneven line with a light root

13. Which of the following defeds would show up as right indications ?

A. ' Copper inclusions, slag induslons and excessive root penetration
13. Tungsten inclusions, spatter and lack of root penetration
. .,--
C. /
Tungsten inclusion, excessive root penetration and spatter
D. Excessive cap height. copper inclusions and underflushing
,,
14. If an exposure time of 3 minutes and 30 seconds were necessary using a 5 metre
source to film distance for a particular exposure, what time woutd be necessary if a 3 : .,:.,.. X>.'4

me- source to film distance is used and all other variables remain the same ? Q4*
:-,-k-
.a
3vh\Ih ..!?*,

A.
,B.
1 minute 43 seconds
1 minute 15 seconds /
... .. ..
,
1 ,
, -P'I~:>
L
,~?
;:
..*d

C. -66minutes 12 seconds
b;'

. * <; A
. w
 0. 2 minutes 55 seconds

15. The part of an atom, w h i i M s s a pdtive charge, is called ?

A. Poslbon
8. Neutron
C. Proton 4
D. Electron

16. A radiograph shows a single, dark parallel indication wtth straight edges, down the
mntre of the weld area. What is the probable dded 3
A. Misalignment
B. Cap undercut
C. Lack of mot penetration
D. Lack of root fusion/
17. Whlch of the following gamma source would be preferred for radlagraphy of an 6 mm
thick weld, single wall technique, a good quality radiograph is required :
A. cow
8. lr192
c. Yb16Q/-
D. frn 170

18. C d d lap in a commonly used dsflnMon for which of the following ?

A. Undercut
B. Hydrogen craddng
C. Lack of side wall f u s b
D. hck of fusion at the weld toes /
18. Which of the following defects would not be expected in a weld made by the MlG I
MAG welding process ( sofld wire ) ?
A. Poroslty
B. Undercut
C. Slag Inclusions/'
D. Lackofrootfusion

Which of the following weld defects would show up on radiograph as. s dark imgutar
line of various thickness running along the edge of the cap or the mot ?
A. Undercut v'
6. Lack of fusion, root or cap
C. Slag inclusions
D. All of the above could appear as above

21. A good cobalt radiograph is made on a 30-inch steel weld using an exposure time of 10 .:+.- --g:.:
minutes and a source to film distance of 36 inches. It is necessary to change the source -
-1- r
.-I->-
$\',
to film distance to 24 inch, what exposure time wwld be used to pmduce a sirnilsry ,:-,I

radiograph if all other considerations remain the same 7

> $> dg.
:.;
# : ;, ! $

A. 1 minute 38 seconds f\k p .-p

B.
C,
4 minutes 26 seconds
4 minutes 40 seconds 4
/
4y
:;-:!-y:,.
, . ,3
',9 y,
0 ;I-

,
: .L,-.j+;
.!&,
.
..
,

.. r.*-
...........
;.
..
,
*.
.+...?'
. ;,
.
-\.-- .i'
>+-.
-.st',

' - *r., . -
 5 minutes

22. After a period of 296 days the Hiof an iridium 192 source, activity 400 GBq m l d
be :
A. 100 GBq
B. SGBq
C. 25 GBq
D. 12.5 GBq

23. If an lrldtum 192 isotope 1200 GSq activity, what would be its activity be after 370
days?
A. 1.0 curies
B. 2.0 curies
C. 10,Ocuries
D. 10 Bq

24. Whlch of the foilowing are reasons for insufiident density on a radlogmph ?
A. Over development and insfldent final wash
B. Low kilovdtage and emssive exposure times
C. Developer temperature to law and under exposure /
D. Under development and developer temperature b high

25. Exposure time Is directly proportionalto :

A. Film to focus Qdistance
8. Intensity
C. Wavelangih
D. All of the above /
28. The welding process which is most suited to the joining of thin plate materiais such as
aluminum, copper, stainless steel :
A. Flux core MAG
6. MMA
C. Sub-arc
D. TIGITAG

27. The wave length of an X-ray radiation beam affects which of the following ?
A.
B.
The quantity of X-rays produced
The quality of X-rays produce /
C. The amount of development time required
D. All of the above

28. Isotope of a single dement differ only in the number of :

A. Protons
0. Neutrons J
C. Electrons
D. Positrons
29. Which of the following units is used for measuring the amount of absorbed h e ?
A. Sievert ,
'. "
B, Rem L -
C. Roentgen
D. Gray /

30. The penetrating ability of anX-raybeamisgovemed by:

A. The Intensity of the beam
B. The wave length of the beam w
'
C. The thickness of the materlal under test
D. Alloftheabove
 Name :
1. The effective focal spot size is effected by ?
A. The f.f.d and o.f.d.
B. The tDtal area of the tungsten target* 4
C. The angle of the hrngslen target
D. The distance M n the anode and specimen,
2. In order to reduce penumbra (Ug) :
A. The object could be mode artifidalty thlckr.
8. The radiation should proceed though a large focal spot size,
C. The fllm should be placed as far from the object as possible.
D. T h e d l s t a n a f m n ~ r a d l a t l o n ~ ~ ~ ~ t o f l l m h o u l d b e a s i m g a s p r a c/
llebk

3. If It b required to Increase definition a large source slze can be anpensated by :

A. Inmasing the source to swmn d~stanca
0. Addltion of lead screens.
C. Increasing the spedmen to film distance.
D. Increasing penumbra

A. Wave length of radiation used /

0. Fllmdendty
C Rlmtype
D. Alloftheabovewlll efFectfilrnumbast

5. When produdng radiogmphs with x-ray equlpment, if the Ws are imrewed :

A. The mdlographlc -st reduces/
0. The subject contrast increases
C. The film contrast irrcveases
O. The fllm contrast reduces

6, Movement, geometry and screen contact are three factors, which affect :
A. Contrast
B. Definition
C. Density
D, AH of the above
J
7. Twu different isotopes of the same activity
. ,
..
, -
A. Will prduce different wave length /-
. .
, ' .
8. Wlll p d u c e the same quality radiograph
C, Wilt produce the same intensity of radtatlon
.. .
.. ..
:.. -
D. All of the above
. ,.
,
.-
:
'.+-
- 7
'

-.
. .
.. -,.. .
t..: '
. 5 , -

,. ... .'
r. ' . ' .
i
..f . :, -. .
..,
, :,-.
.. . *
,
. *
-
. ,
8. A good quality radiwraph is produced using the following exposure canditlons' 4
minutes at 3mA. -What exposure time would needed if the mA were reduced to 2 mA 7
A. 6 minutes /
B. 3 minutes
C. 2 minutes
D. 4 minutes :

9. Why are radiographs of densities less than 1.5 and below usually rejected
A. Because the radiographs density is too high. / ' -
B. Because the subject contrast is too low regardless of the light denw of the
viewer.
C. Because the radiographic contrast is impaired.
D. Radiographs of these densities are not normally rejected

10. Cathodes are normally fitted with targets made from what materlal :
A. Steel
B. Lead
C. Copper
D. Tungsten /
11. The velocity of electrons striking the target in an x-ray tube is a function of ?
A. The amount of mA used
5. ThearnountofKV'sused
C. The distance between the anode and cathode
D. The target material

2 The purpose of me type of x-ray tubes is:

A. To dissipate heat
0. For lubrication
C. The reduce scatter radiation
O. To reduce the current values.

13. If a 200mm f.f.d, 20mm 0.f.d using a 4mm source size, it is calculated that the
penumbra value is 0.4mm. Assuming the source size and the 0.f.d can not be altered
what will be the required f.f.d to reduce the penumbra value to a level of 0.Xrnrn ?

I n an x-ray tube, the filament and focusing cup are two essential of the
A.
B.
C.
Anode
Cathode /'
Control Panel
D. None of the above
'3 An x-ray tuk with a mall focal spot size procedure radiograph with :
15,
+ *

A. Better subject contrast

0, Better radiographic contrast
C, BeEer deflnltion ,.-. . ' .
D. Improved density

16. A radlographk absoqblon of a material wfl become -I dependent upon the materlaks
density and thickness when :
A.
0.
The Idlovoltage is haeased
The kllovoltage is reduced
/+
C. The source to film dlstance is reduced
D. lhe intensity of radiation is increased
17. Radlatlon of a slnglc wave length is known as :
A. Real time radiation
0, M i m i c radlatton
C. Heterogeneous radiation
D. Monochromatic radiatson d
. '
18. f h e properties of a material to Mock or partlaity Mock the passage of mays and
gamma rays is m e d
A. Absorption d '
6. Latitude
C. Attenuation
D. Penetration

19, 1f the orlginal exposure was 5 mA at 12 minutes, what would the new mA be fw an
-re tlme of 4 minutes ,

20. Whlch of the following h& the shorkt half IW

A. Increase
6. Decreases
C, No change to the wave length
D, Increase In beam width
22, Approximately what is the thickness range of Ir 192 ?

23. Which of the following are reasons fw settlng the an& target at an an& 1
A, To reduce exposure times
0. To Improve overall radiographic contmst
C. To reduce actual focal spot size
D. TO reduce the effective focal spot rln /
24. At approximate what percentage of cobalt 60 istope Intensity wll be lost after 2.5
years :

25. Which of the following welding used a none conwrnabfe :

A. MAG
B. MMA

td. Sub-a rc
mw4'
26. YtterMum 169 1s an Ideal isotope for thin mataials b u s e :
It produces hard radalhn
k
B.
C.
/
It produce soft radiation
Ithasgotahighd&rlmUm
D. It producs short wave lmgth radlatlon

27. Whlch of he following defects normally will not be. detected by radiographk I n m n :
A. Centre line cracking
8. Lack of side wall fusion with associated slag
C. Plate laminations ( significant In area)
D. auster porosity.

28. Which od the following unlts is used to measure the activlty of a radioactive isotope ?
A. Curie
8. Rem \
C. Rad
D. Roentgen 1
29. In a x-ray tube head the filament in the cathale is usually made from :
A, Copw
8. sw /-
C. Tungsten
D. Ttaniurn

30. In welding whlch of the fdlowlng pmcesses Is the most Ilkely to cause slag lnduslons ?
, A. MMA W
B, SAW
c. ne
0. MAG
TWI
vfl WORLD CENTRE FOR MATERIALS JOINING TECHNOLOOY

11. As the effective energy of the radiation increases up to about 300 kV:
a. Film ~ ~ i n ~ e s ,
b. Film graininess demwes.
c. Film contrast decreases.
d. Radiographic dehition decreases.

12. X-ray films with larger grain size:

a. Will produce radiographs of better dekition.
b. Reduce subject contrast.
c. Have slower speeds than those with relatively small grain size.
d. Noneofthe above.

13, When radiographing a steel weld 1Ornm thi* in accordance with BS EN 1435 which
isotopels) are recommended to be used?
a, Se 75.
b. Yb 169.
c. Tm 170.
d. Both a. and b.
e. Alloftheabove.

14. For practid purposes, the dupe of the characteristic curve of an x-ray film:
a Is drastically changed when the wavelength of radiation is shortened.
b. Is primarily dependent on the subject con-.
c. Is independent of the quality of x-ray or gamma radiation.
d Is independent of the type of film.

15. Zn accordance with BS EN 1435 which of the following is applicable for a &Ie-wall
penetration double image (source andfilm outside)?Should not be used on pipe dim-
>100mm with a minimum of two exposures.

a. Should not be wed on pipe diameters > 90mm with a minimum of thm exposures.
b. May be used on any wall thickness providing the contrast is -table to
specification requirements.
c. All of the above.
TWI
WORLD CENTRE FOR MATERZALS JOINING TECHNOLOGY

16. In mrdance with BS EN 1435 which of the following techniques require l a d

identification letter 'Tto indicate IQI placed Elm side?
'
a. Single-wall penetration of w e d objects.
b. Doublawd penetration double image on curved objects.
c. DoubIc+wall penetration single image of curved objects for evaluation of the wall next
to the 5lm,
d. Both b and c.

17.In accordance with BS EN 1435 what is the maximum permitted x-ray voltage which may
be used on a steel weld 12mm weld thickness, technique to use double-wall p e n d o n
double image on a curved object.

18. What is the ratio ofthe light intensity trmsmitted tbrough adjaamt artas of a radiograph
having densitia of 3.0 and 1.0?

19. Black mesmt-shaped marks that may appear on a radiograph will most likely have been
dkdfroII?:
a. Crimping the film Wore exposure.
b. Crimping the film after exposure.
c. ~ud& extreme temperature h g m while pmasaing.
d. Warm or exhausted fixer.

20. In accordance with BS EN 1435 which wire type EQI pack would expect to be placed on a
steel weldment 20mm thick (single wall technique)?
h8 WORLD CENTRE FOR MATERIALS JOINING TECHNOLOGY

21. Wbich of the following criteria are important considerations when selecting the correct
IQIto use.
a. The wire &dl have a coefficient of absorption as close as possible to that of the
materialunder test.
b. The wire shall be made h m the same material as the material under t&.
c. The IQI can be made from any material providing the desirable image quality is
achieved.
d. The wire materid is almost always made h m stainless steel to prevent mtmg h n
occurring.

22. Subject contrast is affected by:

a. The thickness differences in the specimen.
b. The intensity of the radiation used.
c. The grain size of the film.
d. All of the above.

23. The slope (steepness)of a characteristic m e is a measure of:

a. Radiographic wntrast.
b. Subject contrast.
c. Film contrast.
d. AH of the above,

24. The depth of a defect all ready detected may be estimated by making two exposum on a
single film h m diffaent positions of the x-ray tube. The depth of the &f&t is then
computed h m the shift in tbe shadow of the defect with respect to the imam of fixed
makers on the front and back ofthe specimen. The method is refixred to as:
a Steremadiogrphy
b. Sandwich technique,
c. Fluomscopy.
d. Parallax technique.

25. What do you uuderstand by the term solarization?

a Another term given to fog
b. It is the main cause ofdichroic fog
c. It is where a radiographic fdm becomm lighter instad of darker, due to e x h v e l y
high exposures.
d It relates to the intensification of scatter radiation more than primary radiation.
TWI
v/ WORLD FOR MATERIALS JOINING TECHNOLOGY

26. Flwrometdic intensifying screens will:

a. Partially filter out scatter radiation.
b. T r d o n n x-ray and gamma ray radiation in to visible or UVA light.
c. Improve the quality ofthe radiograph when compared to no s m m s ,
d. Both a and b.
e. All of the above.

27. Density is a logarithmic ratio of:

a The transmitted light compared with light from the dograph.
b. The incident light divided by the transmitted light.
c. The light from the viewer divided by the incident light.
d. The transmitted light multiplied by the incident light

28. How is it possible to compensate for a large focal spot size to reduce penumbra?
a. Reduce the kilovoltage.
b. Use a larger object-t+fiIm distance.
c, Reduce the focal spot to film distance.
d. None of the above.

29. When struck by x-rays or gamma rays lead screens emit:

a. Electromagnetic radiation.
b. Negatively charged particles.
c. Positively charged particles.
d. Particles carryingno overall charge.

30.Ammonium thiosulphate and sodium thiosulphate are chemicals wed in:

a. Photographic emulsions.
b. Thenno-luminescentdosemdem.
c. Fixas.
d. Developers.

3 1. The use of d t intmsi fylng screens instead of lead screens will :

a Reduce developing times.
b. Produce radiographs with a better definition.
c. Require an ~~e in exposure times.
d. Cause failwe of the reciprocity law.
TWI
v!!!ii WORLD CENTRE FOR MATBRIALS JOINING TECHNOLOGY

32. The tenth value thidmess of a material d e s on:

a Exposure h e
b. The intensity of the primary radiation,
c. The wavelength ofradiation.
d. All of the above.

3 3. When usingthe same light source, a fih that trmsmits 1/10 of the incident li&t, another
radiograph transmits 111OO of the incident light, what is the density of the second film?
a. 2.0
b. 4.0
c* 1-0
d. 100

34. Exposure time is directly p i o p t i d to:

a. Film to focus distauce,
b. Intensity.
c. Wavelength.
d. All of the above.

35. The welding process which is most suited to the joining of thin plate materials such as
aluminium, oopper, stainl~ssteel:
a, Flux core MAG.
b. MMA.
c. Sub-arc,
d . TIGRAG.

36. What is the IQI sensitivity if wire number 10 is visible using the D M 62 IQI series on a
panoramic strot 36 inch diameter vessel, 500mm ff.d., 30 mm wall thickness?
a, 1.3%.
b. 1.06%.
c. 0.6%.
d. From the following infomation the IQI sensitivity can not be dehmhed.
TWI
WORLD CENIRE FOR MATE= JOINING TECHNOLOGY

37.Lead foil in direct contact with radiographic film:

a. Intensifies the primary radiation more than the scatter radiation.
b. Decreases the contrast of the radiogretphic image.
c. Intensifies the scatter radiation more than the primary radiation,
d. Should never be wed when the kV's exceed 120.
e. Both a and b.

38. A flumacent intensifying screen will:

a. Transform x-ray energy into visible light.
b. Improve o v d l radiographic smsitivity.
c. R&t in the fornation of dense patches.
d. Intensify the primary radiation by emitting particulate radiation to which the l5lm
emulsion is sensitive.

39. Mottling due to diffraction can be r e d m and, in some w,eliminated by:

a. Reducing the wavelength.
b. Changing the radiation angie slightly, e.g. 5'
c. Encreasing the wavelength.
d. Both a and b.
e, Both b and c.

40.What is the mount of penumbra for the following conditions, size of source 4mm, wall
thickness 7Smm, source to object distance 15m and exposure 28 mA minutw.
 CSWXP 3 3 RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING MULTIPLE CHOICE FEBZ009 -
1) For external pipe diameter 4", suitable radiographic technique should be
a) DWSI
b) DWDI
C ) SWSI
d) All of the above

2) Which of the following process is not suitable for over head position
a) MMAW
b) TIG
@SAW - '

d) EIectro stag

3) Hydrogzn crack on welding occurs due to

a) Change on electrode
6) High carbon equivalent on parent material
cj High preheating tempera-

4) ThickneSs of Aluminium is 20mm what will be the permissible'voltage

a)'60 KV - -
b) rzo~v-
c) IBOKV'
d) 240 KV

5) Thickness of stear is 50rrh-1,commonly used isotope will be

a) Yti1.69 , '

b) Th-75
c) Ir-192
d) CQ-60

6 ) Latitude of.the radiograph can be increased by\

-=-ing the tube voItagt
b) Decrasing the tube voltage
c) Change from CO-60 to It-I92
d) Cha;lze from fine p i n to ultra fine grain film

7) As per BS EM 1435 suitable source for Aluminium is

a) Ir-1-92
b) CO-60
C) Yt-169
d) all of the above.

8) As per BS EN 1435 suitable isotope for steel is

a) lr-1.92
b) CO-60
 c) Se-75
d) alt of the above

9) All other parameters are same, inherent unsharpness of the radiographic film is greatly
increased due to ,-.-
,
4-
--
- . --- .- --
a) 50KV,Fke grain, No screen
b) 250KV,Fine grain, lead screen
c) b 6 0 , Fine grain, lead screen
d) Ir-192,Fine grain, lead screen

10) Sudden change in temp during flm processing can cause

a) SoIarisation
b) Reticulation
c) Frilling
d) Mottling

11) During film processing an artifact cause due to over fixing will be
a) Reticulation
b) Dark spots
c) Solarisation
d) Frilling

12) For Class B technique, effective source size is 2mm & distance h m object to film is
25mm ,from figure (1) attached; what will be the geometric unsharpnexs for
minimum focal to film distance
' a) 0 . 4 m
b) 0.25mm
c) 0.2 mm
d) 0.23 mm

13) In a CIass A technique, effective source size is 4 rnm & distance from specimen to
film is 35mm,h r n figure (1) attached, what will be the minimum focal to film
distance.
a) 620
b) 600
c) 325
d) 355

14) Double wall Double. Image technique will be permitted up to what extent the
maximum external dia of the pipe will be
a) 100
b) 90 i
\ao
. .
C) 85
d) 70 ,
15) The wire type IQI covered in BS EN.standard
a) 462-1 .*
b) 462-2
c) 462-3
d) 462-4
16)Exposure geometry of the radiographic technique very strongly effect on which ofthe
following defect. .
a) Slag Inclusion
b) Porosity
c) Lack of fusion
d)Concavity .

17) Which of the following process is most suitable for welding Aluminium & Titanium-
alloys
a) MMAW
b) SAW
c) TIG
a) MIG
18) Defect caused due to excessive re* is
a) Lack of fusion .
'

b) CenterIine crack
c) Undercut
d) Slag

19) Solidification cracking presents o,n '

a) Parent metal
b) HAz
c) Centerline of weld
d) all of the above

20) Crater pipes on the-weldcaused due to

a) End of the weld run sudden removal of heat Bource
b) Start of the weld run low heat is suppliad a

c) Too high prehaatiz g of the jmmt metal

 CSWIP-3.2 RETEST h.1/C QUESTIONS
JOMON MATHEW Page 1 of 6

CSWIP 3.2 RETEST MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

24THSEP 2009 @ MUMBAT.
(20 QUESTIONS 30 MINUTES)

A)SAW
R) MICi
C) MMAW
D)TIG

D) LAMELLAR TEAR

A) FIAZ
B) WELD INTERFACE
C:) RASE METAT,
"' CENTRE OF THE WELD

i .; .';.'..
- ' - -C ' , .
- -- .
:alr..=,
CSWIP-3.2 RETEST MIC QUESTTONS
JOMON MA-I'HEW Page 2 of 6

A) HOLE

B) PLAQUE
C ) PLATE

D) WIRE

RPENTlCULAR 1'0THE WELD ON THE SOURCE SIDE

13) ADJACEN?' 'UO THE WELD TOWARDS THE AREA OF IN'SEKEST

C) A UNIFORM DENSITY ON THE FILM

D) CLOSE CION'PACT WTTH THE SURFACE OF THE OBJECT

a) In CLASS A SOURC, . .E=3MM AND OBJECT TO FILM DISTANC.*.,E

(OFD)
=1 OMM

A) lOOMM & 0.3

B) l5OMM 8 0.4

C ) 50MM & 0.5

D)200MM & 0.2

E) NONE OF TI-IE ABOVE
CSWIP-3.2 RETEST MIC QUESTLOKS
JOMON MATHEMr Page 3 of 6

b) In C-LASa B SOUKCE S lZE -2MM AND OBJECI' 'TOFILM DISTANCE

(OFD)=70MM

B) 300MM & 0.20

C)400MM & 0.30 .

D) SOOMM & 0.28

E')NONE OF I'HEI A80VE

A) WEI,D STARTING LOCATION

B) OK THE HA2
C) ON THE WELD 1N'TEWAC:E

I)) TIfEEND OF THE WELD BEAD.

A) FLEXLB ILITY

B) TRANSPERENCY
C) TMl'ED RZ,I!E COLOUR

D) HARDNESS

A) MIG

B) MMAW
C) MAG

D) TXG

A) FCAW

B) TIG
C) GMAW

D)SAW
CSWIP-3.2 IWJ'EST MIC QUESTIONS
JOMON MATHE+:W Page 5 of 6

A) LACK OF PENE'l'RATION

1P)LACK OF FUSIOM
U) SLAG

A) FI I,M SIZE

B) DEFINITfO.4' AND CONTRAST .

C) FILM TYPE ONLY

D) GEOMETRICAL UNSHARPNESS

I
A) INCREASE

B) DECREASE
C ) NO CHANGE
I))NONE OF THE ABOVE

I
A) SUBJECTCONTRAST OF THE U D I O G U P H

B) SENSITIVITY OF THE RADIOGRAPH

C)DEFTNITION OF THE RADIOGRAPH
D) LA TITL'DE OD TIIE RADIOGRAPH
 Page 6 of 6

A) DENSITY
B) SCREENS

C j GE:,OMETRY

D)FILM
1
A) DENSITY OF THE FILM

B) GEOMETRICAL UNSHARPNESS
C) SCREEN

.D)ALL OF THEA.BOVE
NOTE: THE ITALIAN/BOLD LETTERS SHOWS THE ANS WER, BUT VERIFY
AGAIN FOR MORE ACCURATE RESULTS.

GOO11 LUCK