1.

a.

Bonifacio Padilla Sibayan was born in Bangar, La Union, in the Philippines, on February 1,
1916. The son of Antonio Millano and Petra Monis (Padilla) Sibayan. He studied at Baguio College during
1950 with his course of Bachelor Science in Education, took Masters of Arts in Education in N.E. Missouri
State College in 1955, he took his second Masters of Arts in Education at the University of Michigan in
1959. Finally, he took his Doctorate of Philosophy at the University of Michigan in 1961. His professional
career revolves around being Educator. He was an elementary and high school teacher in Baguio from
1933 to 1949. Then he became the principal in Baguio from 1949 to 1951. He became a professor in
linguistic and education at Philippine Normal College, Manila, in 1962. He became a president in that
school from 1972 to 1981, then became a director of the language study center in Philippine Normal
College from 1964 to 1971, and became a consultant in 1971. One of his successful works is The
American Teacher contributed in Kasaysayan: The Story of the Filipino People, Vol. 6: Under Stars and
Stripes is all about teachers from America. Bonifacio P. Sibayan recognized internationally as one of the
world’s pioneer scholars in sociolinguistics. He is a recipient of the Social Science Achievement Award –
Sociolinguistics (1986) from the National Research Council of the Philippines and National Social Scientist
Award (1990) from the Philippine Social Science Council. He is the acknowledged doyen of applied
linguistics and sociolinguistics in the country. University. He served as a member of the SIL Advisor
Council since 1994 and had always been a strong supporter of SIL’s Wo. On January 28, 2005, Bonifacio
Sibayan died at 88 years old after his courageous battle against his stomach cancer. After his death, he
leaves a legacy for being known as a well-respected linguist in our country.

b.

Mrs. Lourdes R. Montinola was born on November 25, 1927, in the district of Sta. Cruz,
Manila. She was the living legacy of the late Dr. Nicanor I. Reyes Sr., who founded Far Eastern
University and became its first university president. She studied in New York's Marymount Manhattan
College, then graduated from Harvard University with a Masteral degree and earned her Ph.D. at the
University of the Philippines. She is a trained educator, working as Corporate Secretary and then as
Chairman and CEO of Far Eastern University (FEU), a school established in 1928 by her father, Dr.
Nicanor Reyes. She is also a businesswoman who manages nine different businesses and is currently
FERN Realty Corp. Executive Director, Desrey, Inc. President, and Seyrel Investment & Realty Corp.. Mrs.
Lourdes Reyes Montinola provides a vital piece in our history by telling her memories during World War
II, and in her book called "Breaking the Silence," it was documented. During the Japanese occupation,
which involves the horrific death of her parents and two brothers, Mrs. Montinola narrates her story
and all her experiences during the Japanese occupation, she was describing how she lived through that
time and how, after what she had experienced, she was able to live again. She genuinely continued her
father's legacy. The urge of Lourdes to learn and teach was equal to her commitment to the majority of
her university life. Today, she is currently handling one of the best-known non-sectarian schools in the
country. In all of these, Mrs. Montinola is an inspiration, not just for learners but for everyone who has
fought their battles to live their lives meaningfully.

c.

   Ambassador Jose V. Cruz (May 18, 1926 - July 9, 1998), also known as J. V.
Cruz was a diplomat and writer from the Philippines. He was born to Roman Cruz and Amanda
Corpuz Cruz, judges (Court of First Instance), and eldest of six siblings, and he was married to
Luisa Antonio for more than fifty years. She died three years before him of cancer. They had
seven children and eight grandchildren.
         He was the resident Philippine Ambassador to Germany, Egypt, The
Netherlands, Iraq, and the United Kingdom (Court of Saint James) from 1970 to 1986. Besides,
he had two older brothers from the first marriage of his father. He attended Paco High
School and went to university at the Ateneo de Manila and was a consistent top of the class
student but eventually dropped out from college. At the age of 28, he became the youngest
member of the Press Secretary's Cabinet in the Philippines history. J.V. —J.V. Cruz began as a
news reporter in the newspaper and had a short-lived job at the Philippine Consulate in San
Francisco as a Press Attache. He resigned that post to assist President Ramon Magsaysay in the
campaign and named him Secretary of the Press after winning. He later became a daily columnist
in the early '60s at the Manila Times before President Ferdinand Marcos appointed him
Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany in 1970. After resigning from his last
diplomatic post, which was to the Court of Saint James in 1986, he returned to column writing
for various newspapers until his death in 1998 when he succumbed to colon cancer. Mr.Cruz was
a ghostwriter for many high government officials, including three Presidents of the Philippines.
He also hosted a television show called J.V. Cruz Interviews, a public affair special that won
several awards as did the column writing that had won him Best Columnist of the Year. Mr. Cruz
was the top adviser and strategist to several Presidential campaigns. Mr. Cruz was often
described as a bon vivant and was praised for his handsome looks as much as he was for his
intellect, skillful writing, and political analyses. He has been read by trade and business leaders
and pillars, even by national and local lawmakers.
References:
1.  Gomez, Buddy. "Murder most foul: Marcos' youthful exuberance". ABS-CBN
News. Retrieved 2017-05-21.
2.  "LOOKING BEYOND MARCOS". The New York Times. 1984-01-
08. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-05-21.
3.  "Book 20: Trash and Treasures". Philippine Folio. Retrieved 2017-05-21.
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jose_V._Cruz

d.

Jessica Zafra was born in 1965 in Manila, studied elementary education at Saint Theresa's
College in Quezon City, completed her secondary education at the Philippine Science High School's main
campus, and studied comparative literature at the University of the Philippines. She works as a fiction
writer, columnist, editor, publisher, and former television and radio show host. She is famous for being
sharp witty in her writings. Her most famous works are the twisted collection, a compilation of her
essays as a columnist for Today, also known as Manila Standard Today newspaper, even from her time
as Flip magazine editor and publisher. She is currently writing a weekly column called The Emotional
Weather Forecast for The Philippine Star. The "Generation of Voltes V" is one of her works that
contributed to our culture, which we can see in Kasaysayan: The Story of the Filipino People Vol. 9: A
Resurrected Country, which is why Marcos banned Voltes V from airing on national television.

2.

a. Writing style

Bonifacio P. Sibayan, Lourdes Reyes Montinola, and J.V. Cruz used a narrative style of
writing since they seek to share their own stories that have happened to them in the past, in the words
and phrases of their prose, and to express their feelings about their experiences. While Jessica Zafra, on
the other hand, used a persuasive style of writing in which she persuaded her readers regarding the
injustice during Marco's regime.

b. Genre of history
           The four writers, Bonifacio P. Sibayan, Lourdes Reyes Montinola, J.V. Cruz, and
Jessica Zafra, used a writing style of memoirs from a historical perspective in which they recount
a portion of their lives. The authors used their specific events or experiences while they are the
protagonist or the main character of their own stories.  
        Bonifacio P. Sibayan shared his memory during the American period. From his first
American teacher and his experience where he studied to become an elementary school teacher,
and after completing the course he was assigned as Grade I and II teacher in Karao Barrio School
in Bokod, Benguet. Lourdes Reyes Montinola shared her story as a sorrowful survival during the
Japanese Occupation. J.V Cruz shared a story about his presence during the death of Ramon
Magsaysay. As a youthful audience of Voltes V, Jessica Zafra shared her tale. She shared what
happened to the tale of Voltes V.
         Their memoir was striving to convey the truth and not just tell their stories. So, it
emphasizes the part of the author’s life that demonstrates or leads up to their realization of that
truth. Such as the writing of Bonifacio Sibayan about The First American. He realized that even
the influence of American teachers and education, however, was so strong that educational
practices and teaching methods were said to mirror the American. Lourdes Reyes Montinola, on
the other hand, realized Georgia Peach, the tank that crashed into our iron gate and ran over it to
enter our driveway, came only on February 14, too late for our family to welcome the victors.
Only I had survived. J.V. Cruz, however, realized that not all the hopes and promises of Ramon
Magsaysay's presidency were fulfilled, like JFK. Both were out down early and did not have
enough time: RM after three years and two-and-a-half months in the presidency. Lastly, Jessica
Zafra, realized that Voltes V connected instantly with its youthful audience. Where Marcos
killed Voltes V and that the injustice lived on in our collective memory, where it angered,
festered, and grew. We bided our time. We gathered our forces. We waited for the chance to
strike back at those who had summarily executed something we loved.

3.

The most striking part that caught my attention is what did Ben Bradlee said to John F.
Kennedy.  A Good Life, and what the executive editor of the Washington Post had to say about John F.
Kennedy, with whom he shared a very close personal relationship. “His brief time in power seems to me
now,” Bradlee said of JFK, “to have been filled more with hope and promise than performance. But the
hope and promise that he held for Americans were real, and they have not been approached since his
death.” From the perspective of a foreign friend of J.V. Cruz that the same statement could be said for
the presidency of Magsaysay. It was an intriguing statement for me. Indeed it is probable that not all the
hopes and commitments of the presidency of Magsaysay were fulfilled, because, like J.F.Kennedy, he
was out early and had little time: RM after three years and two-and-a-half months in office. But even in
his brief term, Magsaysay uplift the well-being of the rural population, battering the beast of graft and
corruption into a pulp.  

When Jessica wrote "Marcos killed Voltes V," was also caught my attention. I was curious
about how a human could destroy a robot. I'm not in the Voltes V generation, so I didn't know what was
going on at that time. I'm very interested in the comment made by Jessica Zafra to read her writing on
Generation Voltes V. I realized that, after reading the context of her essay, it was a hyperbole of what
had happened at that time. It is not really as if Marcos killed Voltes V because President Ferdinand
Marcos banned Voltes V, all the Japanese robot cartoons, and video games in 1980. As the reason for
the ban, Marcos cited incidences of violence among children—children attacking each other with plastic
swords, among other deadly practices. Marcos' critics said that banning Voltes V was a step to divert
public attention from the president's other activities. The essay connected to the injustice of their
collective memory by Jessica Zafra, where it ranked, festered and grew. They had their time given. Their
powers assembled. They waited for the opportunity to strike back at those who had everything they
cherished executed summarily. In February 1986, the chance came. They gathered at the EDSA when
the call came, turned in, and kicked out the man who had killed Voltes V.

4.

TODAY’S SITUATION
 DURING AMERICAN PERIOD COMPARE

 Ensuring that all  Lack of

 Labor efficiency, meet due children, whatever their competitiveness.
dates, and strictly followed personal circumstances,  learner centered
disciplines. have access to psychological
 Teacher-centered educational education is the main principle.
philosophy. requirement for  Unclear or restrictive
 provinces were represented achieving equity in regulations and in
by quotas of bright students. education. professional services
 Americans performed and  Enhancement of to create more
delivered duties. teachers. competitive
  The end to this period conditions.
of relative prosperity.

 During the American period, Only Americans performed and performed duties, recruited for
duties throughout the Philippines in the U.S. They want the Filipinos to be very successful in their
works, so they imposed deadlines on their jobs, and they were very strict in terms of
professionalism. They impart the use of their language rather than our native dialects. On the
contrary, Filipinos today are quite not competitive because they were always late and not efficient in
their jobs. Employees are hired most of the time, not because of their qualifications but because of
the "palakasan" scheme, which they use supporters to get the work. The pedagogical learning
approach we are using right now is a learner-centered approach in which students' experiences are
the subject of teaching. One factor of our slow economic development is vague or restrictive
legislation and specialized facilities to create more favorable conditions. American colonialism
becomes an avenue of having the enhancement of many teachers today. And until now, Americans
leave us the mentality of ensuring that all children, whatever their circumstances, have access to
education is the main requirement for achieving equity in education. The end of the American
period results in our prosperity.
Reference:
https://maaw.info/ArticleSummaries/ArtSumMartin92.htm
Martin, J. R., W. K. Schelb, R. C. Snyder, and J. C. Sparling. 1992. Journal of Cost Management
(Spring): 6-14.
 http://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions.

B. A SORROWFUL SURVIVAL

DURING JAPANESE
OCCUPATION COMPARE TODAY’S SITUATION

 Economic  Economic mobilization  Economy in transition

considerations were disrupted trade from one based on
less important than internally and externally. agriculture to one
purely military factors.  Modernization and based more on
  Failure to provide transformation. services and
economic security for manufacturing. 
the people, and the  Reorganized and
abuses committed by equipped as units of
the occupation army. the Philippine Army
 Changes in de facto and Constabulary.
jurisdiction.  The prospect of
 Tremendous cost of economic growth and
living. the development of
democracy.


 From the readings titled A Sorrow Survival, Lourdes Reyes Montinola wrote her sorrowful
experienced during the Japanese occupation. During that time, the Philippines' overall authority,
including economic governance, was transferred to the Japanese. For over three years, Japan
invaded the Philippines, and the Japanese military allied forces began to organize a new government
structure in the Philippines. Economic considerations were less necessary, and that is why the only
survival of the people is buying and selling and on the other hand, the inability of the Japanese to
provide the citizens with economic security and the abuses committed by the occupation army
culminated in shortages of food and selling of properties of the Filipinos. Many Filipinos got
depressed because of hard coping up to the tremendous cost of living. The violence during the war
 years contributed to our society more prepared to use aggressiveness. These changes to the country
would have a profound effect on political developments and hence the Filipino’s way of life over
time, Reorganized and equipped as units of the Philippine Army and Constabulary. The Philippines is
now known as a newly developed country with a shifting economy centered on agriculture to
service and development-based economy. Today the Filipinos prospect is the economic growth and
the development of democracy. Economic mobilization disrupted trade internally and externally
both during the Japanese occupation and today's situation. When planning resources for use in a
national emergency by bringing about improvements in the national economy's organization. Both
generations are working for modernization and transformation wherein the goal is to prospect
progress.

Refences:
Harrison M. “The Economic of World War II; an overview”
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.590.924&rep=rep1&type=pdf

C. THE DEATH OF PRESIDENT MAGSAYSAY

DURING THE DEATH OF COMPARE TODAY’S SITUATION

PRESIDENT MAGSAYSAY

 Alleviate the severe  Fighting the New

 Hukbalahap movement
income and growth People’s Army.
quelled.
disparities between the  Develop market
 Golden Years for its lack
country's different economy.
of corruption.
regions and  Investing to
 Reinvented the focus
socioeconomic classes. infrastructure to ensure
and thrust of the
 Reducing corruption. future growth.
government by
rechanneling the bulk
of its resources and
efforts towards uplifting
the well-being of the
rural population.
 From the story of Ambassador J.V. Cruz in his memoir "The Death of President Magsaysay."
In which he commemorated the leadership of President Magsaysay. As Secretary of National
Defense, Magsaysay had already chalked up some impressive achievements. He shaped up the
Armed Forces of the Philippines, as corrupt and ineffectual an organization as you could imagine,
and turned it into a fighting force that won the hearts and minds of the people and routed the
Communist specifically, Hukbalahap, insurgency both in open combat and “dirty war” skirmishes. He
finished off the Communists as president by obtaining Luis Taruc’s surrender. Because of his
campaign contra corruption, the Philippines during his time became the second in Asia's clean and
well-governed countries that is why his presidency referred to as the Philippines "Golden Years" for
its lack of corruption. The focus and thrust of his governance are towards uplifting the well-being of
the rural population. So, he established NARRA for other agrarian reforms, which means the
National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration.
Today our government also fighting the New People’s Army who makes a rebellion in our
country. The Philippine government has officially designated the NPA as a terrorist group, along with
the CPP. However, the economic emphasis of our government today is primarily on exports that
include semiconductors and electronic goods, transport equipment, clothes, copper products,
petroleum products, coconut oil, and fruits. Major trading partners include Japan, China, the United
States, Singapore, South Korea, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, Germany, Taiwan, and Thailand.
Financing in infrastructure rather than agriculture to ensure future development.
It is difficult to mitigate the extreme income and development inequalities between the
various regions and socio-economic groups of the country and to minimize corruption during
President Magsaysay's regime until today's situation.

References:

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ramon-Magsaysay

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Philippines
D. GENERATION VOLTES V

TODAY’S SITUATION
DURING MARCOS COMPARE
ADMINISTRATION
 Development of  Accelerating human
 Suppressing freedom of
infrastructure. capital development.
speech.
 Fighting for democracy.  Attaining just and lasting
 Open-door policy mainly on
peace.
trade and cultural relations.
 Reducing Vulnerability
 Economic
mismanagement. of Individuals and
 Human rights violations. Families.

 Jessica Zafra hyperbole “Marcos killed Voltes V” describing the administration of Marcos.
Indeed, how he suppressed the public the freedom of expressing themselves. Jessica Zafra cited an
allegory of how Marcos banned the Voltes V was because he cited incidences of violence among
children as the reason for the ban. Critics of Marcos said the banning of Voltes V was an attempt to
divert public attention from his malicious activities. They were also many charges to him as human
violations because of some injustice killing. But he denied the accusation, and another thing was the
economic mismanagement during that time. He also accused that he slashed the government funds
and made an account in Swiss banks. His open-door approach, especially on trade and cultural ties,
succeeded in building up our relationship with other nations to obtain financial assistance. While on
the other hand, the government continues to improve programs and strategies to develop human
resources to minimize inequalities and provide equal opportunity for all workers. The government
was also focusing on negotiating peace agreements and stabilized the development of communities
that are affected by violence and vulnerable. Our social security policies and programs are
introducing to ensure that families can handle shocks and prevent falling into poverty.
In both situations, the society is seeking democracy for the injustice killings. Aside from
that, both governments have delivered on their commitment to prioritize infrastructure
development.
References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Philippines
https://www.neda.gov.ph/ser2017/
https://www.slideshare.net/untangleme/ferdinand-marcos-ap-final