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Intelligent Traffic Light Control System Based Image Intensity Measurement

Conference Paper · December 2011

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 INTELLIGENT TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL
SYSTEM BASED IMAGE INTENSITY
MEASURMENT
Muzhir Shaban Al-Ani1 and Khattab Alheeti2
muzhir_shaban@yahoo.com and kattab1978@yahoo.com

AL-Anbar University- College of Computer Science - Iraq

ABSTRACT
Vehicles growth leads to a big problem over the world II. LITRETURE REVIEWS
including in crowded cities. The Intelligent traffic control The field of traffic control plays an important part in our
algorithm is implemented to introduce many parameters, life so many papers and researches are published to solve
such as the crowded roads, the emergency vehicles and the traffic problems. Some of these papers are explained
the intersection of roads. Intelligent cameras are below:
connected for capturing real-time traffic flow images of A. Albagul designed and implemented a suitable
each direction. The control system can automatically algorithm and its simulation for an intelligent traffic
adjust the traffic light control parameters according to the signal simulator. The system developed is able to sense
changes of traffic flow in different directions, thereby the presence or absence of vehicles within certain range
increasing the traffic efficiency of intersection of roads by setting the appropriate duration for the traffic signals
and achieving a best control for traffic. This work needs a to react accordingly [1].
study of traffic control over the city that will be Mahmoud Taghizadeh et al. presented a generalized
implemented. framework for integrating simulator and a vehicle traffic
simulator for rapid prototyping and evaluation of
Key Words: Intelligent traffic control system, traffic dedicated short rang communication based on vehicular
control system, traffic management system, vehicles communication protocols and their applications in the
control system, traffic congestion. context of intelligent transport system. The resulting
integrated simulator is utilized to investigate the
I. INTRODUCTION performance of the collision avoidance applications [2].
Millions of vehicles pass via roads and cities every day. Ayad M. Turky et al. described the design of an
Various economic, social and cultural factors affect intelligent traffic light control based on genetic algorithm.
growth of traffic congestion. The amount of traffic The developed algorithm is used to simulate the situation
congestion has major impacts on accidents, loss of time, of an isolated intersection based on this technology. Then
cost of money, delay of emergency, etc. the performance of the genetic algorithm controller was
Due to traffic congestions there is a loss in productivity compared with the conventional fixed time controller [3].
from workers, people lose time, trade opportunities are Khalid A. S. Al-Khateeb et al. explained traffic
lost, delivery gets delay, and thereby the costs goes on congestion and tidal flow management as major problems
increasing. To solve these congestion problems it is better in urban areas, which have caused much frustration and
to build new facilities and infrastructure but at the same loss of man hours. An intelligent radio frequency
time make it smart. identification traffic control system has been developed to
Many traffic light systems operate on a timing solve the congestion problems. RFID technology with
mechanism that changes the lights after a given interval. appreciate algorithm and data base were applied to
An intelligent traffic light system senses the presence or provide an efficient time management scheme [4].
absence of vehicles and reacts accordingly. The idea Shwe Yi Aye demonstrated car traffic control system
behind intelligent traffic systems is that drivers will not using LAN networking. The obtained results showed
spend unnecessary time waiting for the traffic lights to reduction in normal recurring, significantly enhanced
change. An intelligent traffic system detects traffic in operational tools congestion to effectively manage traffic
many different ways. incident, reduced pollution, and faster response, improve
The older system uses weight as a trigger mechanism. public transport, reduction in emergency response time
Current traffic systems react to motion to trigger the light [5].
changes. Once the infrared object detector picks up the Visit Hirankitti et al. proposed a Multi agent approach for
presence of a car, a switch causes the lights to change. In intelligent traffic light control that consist of agents and
order to accomplish this, algorithms are used to govern their world (cars, networks, traffic lights ...etc). Each of
the actions of the traffic system. While there are many these agents controls all traffic lights at one road junction
different programming languages today, some by an observe-think-act cycle. This approach showed that
programming concepts are universal in Boolean Logic. a complicated problem of traffic light control on a large
road network can be solved elegantly by the rule based changes (short and long term) in traffic in real time. This
multi agent approach [6]. system can provides balanced, co-ordinated, and optimal
Ta-Hsiang et al., utilized Timed Colored Petri Net setting of the signal control scheme during operation [9].
(TCPN) as a visual formalism for the modeling of a urban Martin Molina et al. proposed a system to help traffic
traffic light system. A new design tool is proposed to engineers in the selection of the state of traffic control
state and solve the problem of traffic signal timing plans. devices on real time using data recorded by traffic
Then a supervisor of the traffic light system is completed detector on motorways. The system flows an advanced
whose operation flow is modeled by TCPN models. The knowledge based approach that implements an abstract
intended advantage of this module is that designers can generic problem solving method [10].
extend the module to meet complex traffic light systems
[7]. III. TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL
Lawrence Y. Deng et al. improved the video surveillance SYSTEM
and self adaptive urban traffic signal control system to The traditional traffic light control system of the
achieve the development trend in intelligent intersection roads is shown in figure (1). The vehicles
transportation system. The proposed system performed entering the intersection are denoted by red color, but the
the vision-based methodologies to know well the real vehicles which are leaving the intersection are denoted by
time measurements in urban road [8]. blue color. Any vehicle has the priority to enter the
Danko A. Roozemond et al. focused on the applicability intersection; it has the priority to cross any road via the
intersection. Each red vehicle entering the intersection can
of autonomous intelligent agents within urban traffic light take place any blue vehicle leaving the intersection.
control system. An adaptive traffic control units are built
based on intelligent agent technology that pro-act upon

Figure (1) the subsystems of the intelligent traffic control system

IV. INTELLIGENT TRAFFIC LIGHT order to increase the overall system efficiency. These
CONTROL SYSTEM subsystems are shown in figure (2) and are defined as
In crowded cities, it is difficult to implement a normal below:
traffic control system, because of the variation of flow of • The main control subsystem, which is
roads vehicles during different period of time. Many
responsible of the original traffic control
parameters must be considered to develop a certain traffic
control system. These parameters are concentrated on including traffic period for each section
flow of vehicles, the emergency vehicles, the rush hours, of traffic lights.
the accidents, the important persons and the closing of • Intelligent sensors subsystem, which is
any incoming road. The proposed system consists of responsible to give priority to the
many subsystems working together under certain roles in
 emergency vehicles passing through the interring roads to the intersection.
• First Level intelligent cameras • Second Level intelligent cameras
subsystem, which is responsible of the subsystem, which is responsible of the
vehicles passing through the interring vehicles passing through next roads to
roads to the intersection. the intersection.

I/P O/P I/P O/P

Subsystem (1) Subsystem (2)

Main control subsystem Intelligent sensors subsystem

Controller (1) Controller (2)

Management

I/P O/P I/P O/P

Subsystem (3) Subsystem (4)

1st level intelligent cameras 2nd level intelligent cameras

Controller (3) Controller (4)

Figure (2) the subsystems of the intelligent traffic control system

An important issue can be considered here that this work related to other colors. These illuminated areas of
needs an extended study of traffic control over a long vehicles are calculated with respect to the rest of the road
time at the selected city, in order to understand all the area.
factors that may be affected the flow of vehicles and Vehicles area = Sum of the illuminated areas / Total road
traffic control, and this study can be used as a foundation area
to develop the traffic control system. A certain threshold is calculated depends on a flow of
The proposed intelligent traffic control system as shown vehicles in each incoming road. Then depending on this
in figure (3) depends on the vehicles image intensity of threshold the main control system transmit a signal to
the road in which we distinct approximately the time increment or decrement the time period for intersection
period of the traffic light that must be opened. The road circle. In addition the emergency vehicles must take the
first priority which included as an additional factor of the
normally is black colored, so the vehicles areas are
control system.
 1st level Preprocessing Vehicles area Adding
I/P Image Calculation Weights

De-noising Area Density

Image (1)

Fixed
Threshold

2nd level Preprocessin Vehicles area

I/P Image calculation

De-noising Area density (2) Decision

Image Making

Figure (3) Proposed intelligent traffic control system

V. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS normal position and there is no increment in any

Different types of images are captured during different time period.
periods per day, these images are known as empty, • Second level indicates a medium number of vehicles
normal and full traffic as shown in figure (4). Firstly the present, in which the control system passed to the
control system is designed and implemented according to congestion position so an increment of time period
the previous measurements that happen to specify the is applied (according to the size of congestion) to
time periods for each road intersection. Then secondly, correct this event.
traffic can be classified in three levels, according to the • Third level indicates an emergency vehicle present,
number of vehicles present at the captured road: in which the control system passed to the emergency
• First level indicates a small number of vehicles position so a sudden signal allowed giving a priority
present, in which the control system passed to the to this road.

4
x 10
4.5

3.5

2.5

1.5

0.5

0 50 100 150 200 250

(a) Empty traffic street image and its histogram

 4
x 10
4.5

3.5

2.5

1.5

0.5

0 50 100 150 200 250

(b) Normal traffic street image and its histogram

4
x 10

3.5

2.5

1.5

0.5

0 50 100 150 200 250

(c) Full traffic street image and its histogram

Figure (4) Different types of traffic captions

VI. CONCLUSIONS [3] Ayad M. Turky et al., "Genetic Algorithm

Traffic congestion and tidal flow management are Applications for Traffic Light Control", UNISCON 2009,
recognized as major problems in urban areas. The LNBIP 20, pp 115-120, 2009.
proposed intelligent traffic control algorithm is [4] Khalid A. S. Al-Khateeb et al., "Dynamic Traffic
implemented to recover all the traffic changes during the Light Sequence Algorithm Using RFID", Journal of
day. In the proposed system the illuminated areas of the Computer Science vol.7. No.4, pp517-524, 2008.
vehicles are calculated with respect to the rest of the road [5] Shwe Yi Aye, "Design and Construction of LAN
area. This system is flexible to maneuver between the Based Car Traffic Control System", Word Academy of
three supported levels. The proposed system offers many Science, Engineering and Technology, vol.46, 2008.
advantages such as: minimizing the traveling time for [6] Visit Hirankitti et al., "A Multi agent Approach for
vehicles and passengers that minimizing pollution, Intelligent Traffic Light Control", Proceeding of the
minimizing the traffic congestion as possible that save Word Congress on Engineering 2007 vol. I, WCE 2007,
energy and reduction in emergency response time. July 2-4 2007, London, U.K.
[7] Ta-Hsiang et al., "Design of a Supervisor for Traffic
Light Systems", KES 2007/WIRN 2007, part II, LNAI
REFFERNCES 4693, pp 704-711, 2007.
[1] A. Albagul, "Design and development of sensor based [8] Lawrence Y. Deng et al., "Self Awareness and
traffic light system", American Journal of Applied Adaptive Traffic Signal Control System for Small Word",
Sciences. FindArticles.com. 19 Oct, 2010. ATC 2006, LNCS 4158, pp 163-172, 2006.
[2] Mahmoud Taghizadeh et al., "A Generalized [9] Danko A. Roozemond et al., "Agent Controlled
Framework for Integrated Vehicle Traffic and Wireless Traffic lights", ESIT 2000, 14-15 September , Aachen,
Network Simulation", AD-HOC Now 2010, LNCS 6288, Germany.
pp205-219, 2010. [10] Martin Molina et al., "A propose and Revise System
for Real Time Traffic Management ", ESIT 2000, 14-15
September, Aachen, Germany.
 AUTHERS System Department, Amman Arab University, Amman,
Jordan, as Associated Professor, then he joined computer
1
Muzhir Shaban Al-Ani has received Ph. D. in science department in 15 September 2008 at the same
Computer & Communication Engineering Technology, university. He joined computer science department, Al-
ETSII, Valladolid University, Spain, 1994. Assistant of Anbar University in 15 September 2008 at the same
Dean at Al-Anbar Technical Institute (1985). Head of university.
Electrical Department at Al-Anbar Technical Institute,
2
Iraq (1985-1988), Head of Computer and Software Khattab Alheeti
Engineering Department at Al-Mustansiriya University, Khattab M. Ali was born in Anbar-Iraq at 1978. He
Iraq (1997-2001), Dean of Computer Science (CS) & received his B.Sc. from Al_M’ammon college university
Information System (IS) faculty at University of at 2000, Baghdad, Iraq. The MSc. degree from CS
Technology, Iraq (2001-2003). He joined in 15 Department in Al al-Bayt University, Jordan 2008. He
September 2003 Electrical and Computer Engineering joined in 5 January 2005 Computer Sciences Department,
Department, College of Engineering, Applied Science Almaref College University, Anbar, Iraq. Since 2009 to
University, Amman, Jordan, as Associated Professor. He now Assistant Instructor in college of computer,
joined in 15 September 2005 Management Information Information System Dept, Anbar Iraq.

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