Data-Informed Community-Focused Policing: in The Los Angeles Police Department

Data-Informed
Community-Focused Policing
in the Los Angeles Police Department
CHIEF OF POLICE MICHEL R. MOORE

To the people of Los Angeles:
[we are] committed to
deepening your trust by
ensuring we are a department
that is highly visible, accessible
and responsive-policing with
purpose, compassion
Editorial and partnerships.
Michel R. Moore AUTHORS GRAPHIC DESIGN
Chief of Police Michael Hackman Stephanie Briano Boris Quintanilla
Police Officer III Police Officer III Police Officer III
Robert N. Arcos Office of Operations Office of Operations Information Technology Bureau
Assistant Chief
Director Daniel Medina Michael Boylls PHOTOGRAPHY Chief Michel R. Moore
Office of Operations Police Officer III Detective II Kevin Pellon
Office of Operations Office of Operations Police Officer II
Upon appointment to position of Chief of Police
Michael P. Rimkunas Critical Incident Review Division of the Los Angeles Police Department, June 28, 2018
Commander Brittany Elenes Christine Stout-Guttilla
Assistant to the Director Police Officer III Sergeant II
Office of Operations Office of Operations Office of Operations
Hayley Smith Brent Maranto Monique Valenzuela

Lieutenant II Police Officer II Sergeant II
Kelly Muniz Albert Hoang David Gamero

Lieutenant II Police Officer II Detective I
D ATA - I N F O R M E D , C O M M U N I T Y- F O C U S E D P O L I C I N G I N T H E LO S A N G E L E S P O L I C E D E PA R T M E N T 3
Our
Mission
Contents
6 Foreword: From the Chief
The Los Angeles Police Department is committed to 20 Chapter 5. Responses
Once a problem has been analyzed and partnerships
building off the successes of Data-Informed, Community- established, the Department addresses crime and
Focused Policing in order to build trust and confidence disorder through various internal and external
while advancing public safety for all Angelenos. programs.
7 Chapter 1. Purpose
Data-Informed, Community-Focused Policing focuses 25 Chapter 6. Assessment
Every SARA problem-solving effort undertaken by
on police officers working closely with the community an Area requires assessment to determine successes.
The Department’s mission is to safeguard the lives members to identify problems, solve them, and assess
our success.
LAPD data will be used to determine whether
changes in crime occurred as a result of the overall
responses implemented.
and property of the people we serve, to reduce the

incidence and fear of crime, and to enhance public 10 Chapter 2. Data-Informed,
Community-Focused Policing 27 Chapter 7. Strategic Plan
Area-level planning sessions are necessary and should
Through strong relationships with community include the main components of Data-Informed,
members and the increased trust that results from it, Community-Focused Policing: Neighborhood Policing,
safety while working with our diverse communities the Department will be better-equipped to reduce
crime and keep citizens safe.
Location-Based Enforcement, and Focus on Victims.
to improve their quality of life. Our mandate is to 29 Community

11 Chapter 3. Acquire Data & Analyze
Information and data flow into the Department
Safety
Operations Center (CSOC) Guide
do so with honor and integrity, while at all times through 9-1-1 Calls for Service, investigative reports,
the crime tipline, and many more channels.
The CSOC Guide serves to maintain consistency
throughout all CSOCs while still remaining capable of
addressing fundamental community issues and crime
conducting ourselves with the highest ethical trends in specific parts of the City.
standards to maintain public confidence. 15 Chapter 4. Partnerships

Steady relationships across the City will aid the 41 Area Crime & Community
Intelligence Center (ACCIC) Guide
Department in pinpointing and mitigating underlying The ACCIC Guide serves to maintain consistency
causes of crime. throughout all ACCICs, and to ensure each ACCIC
functions at its maximum potential.
4 D ATA - I N F O R M E D , C O M M U N I T Y- F O C U S E D P O L I C I N G I N T H E LO S A N G E L E S P O L I C E D E PA R T M E N T D ATA - I N F O R M E D , C O M M U N I T Y- F O C U S E D P O L I C I N G I N T H E LO S A N G E L E S P O L I C E D E PA R T M E N T 5
Chapter 1
Foreword: From the Chief

Policing strategies that focus solely on proactive suppression may reduce crime,
but often leave neighborhoods feeling over-policed, singled out, and unnerved.
Chief Michel R. Moore

Purpose
The legitimacy of a police department is dependent on a As part of our ongoing effort to improve the Department and Background on Data-Informed, Community-Focused Policing of Operations, Assistant Chief Robert Arcos, “If trust erodes,
community’s trust in its police officers. Our ability to fight the service we provide, we will continue to implement systems Data-Informed, Community-Focused Policing means that public safety suffers. As police legitimacy is questioned,
crime is enriched through the development of meaningful and that measure results, improve efficiency, and provide overall police officers will prioritize working with people to build communities become less stable.”
sustained relationships formed with the communities we serve. accountability. The Department is committed to fostering trust, using information that’s accurate and fair, and focusing
The Los Angeles Police Department is committed to building safe, vibrant, and healthy neighborhoods for all community on solving crime problems in specific places. Importantly, Evolution of Crime Analysis
off the successes of Data-Informed, Community-Focused members. We perform our jobs with purpose, compassion officers will increase their assistance to crime victims and As technology has emerged and computers have evolved, so
Policing in order to build trust and confidence while advancing and in partnership with our communities and with each those who are most at risk of becoming victims. has the Department’s ability to analyze crime data and develop
public safety for all Angelenos. other. To successfully drive public safety, we must continue to strategies to reduce crime and disorder. Beginning in 2009,
form relationship-based policing to ensure we are providing Based on input from the public, the Board of Police with funding from the United States Department of Justice
While the reduction of crime remains a top priority for the the highest quality service. Further, we remain committed to Commissioners (BOPC), the Mayor’s Office and the Chief (USDOJ), specifically the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA)
City of Los Angeles, our vision for the Department goes the development of programs for all community members, of Police, the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD or and the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), the Department
beyond the traditional notions of policing. We are embarking businesses, as well as community-based organizations, to Department) is embarking on major improvements to better implemented data-driven crime fighting strategies. The initial
on a new chapter of renewed community engagement, consistently improve understanding, communication, and balance trust and public safety. This change will involve the program led to the development of a strategic plan to move the
enhanced community safety partnerships, and cutting- relationships between the Department and the community. We development of more precise actions and measures based on Department towards a Data-Informed, Community-Focused
edge, data-informed crime prevention programs. We are will rely on a shared responsibility between the Department, research and evaluation. It will involve working closely with approach to crime prevention. Over the past ten years, the
redefining American policing to include an expanded focus community, and other City entities, to achieve these goals. the community to identify problems, solve them, and assess Department experienced decreases in homicides and other
on key organizational performance metrics, including fair our success. serious crime categories by adopting this approach.
enforcement, reducing victimization, ensuring procedural Our City and its stakeholders deserve and expect that we fulfill
justice, and improving the confidence the people we serve our mission while holding ourselves to the highest ethical Although LAPD has been successful in driving down crime in At the same time, community members wanted more uniformity
have in us. We have begun a new journey towards a safer, standards to maintain public confidence. Through innovative recent years—as opposed to other major cities that have found in community engagement efforts, as programs across the City
more effective, and more collaborative LAPD. prevention programs and community outreach, the Department it more challenging—the idea of striving for improvement varied in intensity and method. The Department seeks to fine-
will remain a national leader, while continuing toward our goal and maintaining a high-quality service will permanently be tune and harmonize our community engagement and crime
As technology transforms globally, it continues to revolutionize of becoming the safest big city in America. To accomplish one of our core values. To that end, Chief of Police Michel fighting efforts in an attempt to strike a balance between effective
the world of law enforcement. Technological advancements this goal, we will maintain a singular focus on improving this Moore has requested, as part of his reexamination of the policing and meaningful collaboration between the police and
are changing the way we police when it comes to safety, organization so it can continue to set an unparalleled standard Department, that we take a hard and intensive look at the the people whom we have sworn to protect and serve.
accountability, and the reduction of crime. We are constantly of excellence in the daily pursuit of the Department’s mission research literature and at best practices in policing across the
conducting critical analyses of our systems and philosophy to safeguard the lives and property of the people we serve, to country.1 Chief Moore has challenged all employees to find Policing in Los Angeles has benefited from a long history of
regarding data-informed and smart policing strategies, to reduce the incidence of crime, and to enhance public safety and develop a resilient program that will allow us to maintain civilian oversight, which has enabled police to function with
ensure that we are adhering to our Core Values and meeting while working with the diverse communities we serve, to public safety by addressing crime and disorder while ensuring legitimacy in the eyes of the community at large. In fact, recent
our unwavering commitment to constitutional policing. It is improve quality of life. that those being served do not feel alienated, marginalized or surveys indicate a high level of support and satisfaction with
our belief that these improvements will dramatically increase over-policed. the police in Los Angeles.2 Still, that sentiment is not universal
the level of service we provide to the public. and does not appear to be equally distributed among our
In policing, we know that results matter, but unlike numerous many and diverse neighborhoods. The Department believes
other fields, the focus on how we specifically get to these that we can do even better.
results holds even more importance. As noted by the Director
1. For a comprehensive view of best practices and evidence-based policing and crime policy see https://cebcp.org/ 2. ELUCD Weekly Sentiment Reports 2018-2019
evidence-based-policing/what-works-in-policing/resource-library/
SARA: Problem-Solving Model
Restoring Trust Through Procedural Justice be resolved and to working closely with them as partners in the
S A R A
Procedural justice is based on four central principles: (1) overarching public safety mission.
treating people with dignity and respect; (2) giving citizens a
voice during encounters; (3) being neutral in decision-making; To ensure our problem-solving efforts are compatible with
and, (4) conveying trustworthy motives.3 neighboring agencies and are easily understood by academics
and research partners, the Department will report problem
Procedural justice has become an important focal point in solving on a Community-Focused SARA Project Form. As
the strategy of policing in recent years. Procedural justice our Department relentlessly places the community at the heart
focuses on the way police interact with the public and how the of everything we do, the traditional SARA elements will be Scanning Analysis Response Assessment
characteristics of those interactions shape the public’s views of coupled with an initial assessment of the “Clients.” Identify issues contributing Determine the causes of Use different tools to solve Determine successes
the police, their willingness to obey the law, cooperation with to crime and poor the problems by observing the problem – For example, by walking, talking,
quality of life within the area, engaging the prevention (be there – use and analyzing (measure
the police in fighting crime, and actual crime rates. Officers should consider the two types of clients
a neighborhood community, and using foot and bike patrols, and the results of the
in their problem solving: appropriate data analysis officer presence); intervention response through calls
Increasingly, studies have revealed that community perceptions • Direct Clients: Those who you interact with directly at various (walk, talk, and analyze) (work with community for service, incidents,
of procedural justice, through their influence on these aspects points during service delivery or in the work team/unit. organizations to work with public perceptions)
of people’s relationship with the law and the police, can have • Indirect Clients: Those not directly involved in an incident at-risk youth); enforcement
a significant impact on public safety. Specifically, research but who have an interest in its outcome. (surveillance, interdiction,
and arrests, if necessary)
demonstrates that these principles contribute to relationships
between police and the community in which (1) the community Considering both client types will ensure the Department
has trust and confidence in the police as honest, unbiased, provides quality service, protection, enforcement, and For the LAPD, Data-Informed Community-Focused Policing gathering and using information to allocate an appropriate
benevolent, and lawful; (2) the community feels obligated to prevention in partnership to obtain collective efficacy. is a framework that incorporates meaningful collaborations amount of police resources to a specific problem or area.
follow the law and the dictates of legal authorities; and, (3) the between the police and neighborhoods, in addition to analysis
community feels that it shares a common set of interests and Every problem we encounter can be solved through this of crime reports (crime data). Police legitimacy and trust- A core principle of Data-Informed, Community-Focused
values with the police. framework. The solutions lie not only with the police however, building are at the heart of patrol work and are not viewed Policing is the idea that communities are comprised of
but also with the criminal justice system, residents, businesses, as additional functions. This concept ensures that police use various people with sometimes competing interests, issues,
Procedural justice, public sentiment, and appropriate measures community organizations, activists, social services agencies, community engagement more than enforcement and, when political viewpoints, and crime related problems. This strategy
of community perceptions are integral parts of Data-Informed, elected officials, and those who are concerned about crime, enforcement is necessary, it is accurately focused. emphasizes the idea that programs and policies should be tailored
Community-Focused Policing. Department leaders will be held disorder, and safety in Los Angeles. to the precise requirements of each respective community. To
accountable for procedural justice and public sentiment in their Ideally, Data-Informed, Community-Focused Policing makes effectively solve community problems, the Department must
Areas, with equal importance as has traditionally been given to For every problem we face, we need to identify root causes, acquire every police-citizen interaction an act of collaboration. We need implement accountability systems that allow police to track
crime statistics. and analyze data from multiple sources, work with partners and to create stronger bonds between police and community, as crime and respond to trends with procedurally-just resources.
stakeholders, come up with solutions and responses, and then this combination of unifying forces and collective energy
Reducing Crime and Assisting Victims assess and evaluate those solutions. By following this model we can lead to safer neighborhoods. The spirit of unification, The two themes are intrinsically linked, and therefore, while
Through Problem Solving and Collective Efficacy will meet the goals of improving trust between the police and the the blending of informal (citizen-based) and formal (police- reacting to crime problems and other associated complaints
The Department has historically used the problem-solving public, reducing crime, and assisting victims. based) social controls, and the building of trust between within the community, police must view that as an opportunity
model “SARA” (Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment) police and people counterbalances the effects of crime and to carry out community engagement efforts to build trust and
to address problems in the community. In training the next Data-Informed, Community-Focused Policing disorder. work towards long term community benefits.
generation of both sworn and civilian police professionals, the To change the paradigm in the LAPD, we turn to a new
LAPD adopted a “values-infused” model – CAPRA (Clients, definition and emphasis: Data-Informed, Community-Focused There are two overarching themes -- the first theme focuses A practical example is LAPD’s Community Safety Partnership
Acquiring & Analyzing Information, Partnerships, Response, Policing means that police officers will prioritize working with on neighborhood policing, especially in terms of collective Program (CSP) that began in 2011 and involves a collaboration
and Assessment)— that integrates critical thinking and people to build trust, using information that’s accurate and efficacy, with the residents of the community making it robust between the Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles
problem-solving skills and is grounded in the core value of fair, and focusing on solving crime problems in specific places. and resilient. Policing with shared responsibility focuses on the (HACLA) and the Department. The program focuses on
Service to Our Communities. This change emphasizes that the Importantly, officers will increase their assistance to crime way in which police work alongside the community. The second officers working with kids and their families in places such as
client or community is at the center of every situation trying to victims and those who are most at risk of becoming victims. theme is crime-and-disorder enforcement which involves Jordan Downs, Nickerson Gardens, Imperial Courts, Pueblo
Del Rio, South Park, Harvard Park, and Ramona Gardens.
With the help of civic partners and community activists these
C A P R A housing developments have transformed from crime areas to
There are three basic goals for Data-Informed, safe havens. Through youth programs, safe passages to and
Clients Acquiring & Analyzing Partnerships Response Assessment Community-Focused Policing: from school, and relationship-building with residents, crime
Every member of the LAPD Critical thinking requires the Anyone who, at any time Every situation is unique To improve and build has diminished significantly. The program is expanding to
serves multiple and diverse acquisition of the necessary within the process of problem and will draw upon the upon our future goals and Goal 1 Increase trust between the police and the public; other areas of the City, particularly in and around parks and
communities which may information to identify if there is solving, contributes to the utilization of individual skills, community expectations,
Goal 2 Reduce crime, including gun and gang-related crimes; and, residential neighborhoods.
4
include callers for service, a problem and then to define it finding of a solution with the creative problem-solving and we must continuously
participants in incidents, before an analysis of that data. police is a partner. community strategies. assess our own
Goal 3 Assist victims of crimes, including residents, businesses,
bystanders, victims, witnesses, performance.
sources, suspects, offenders and those who are vulnerable to crime and disorder.
and involved officers.
3. Legitimacy and Procedural Justice: A New Element of Police Leadership, Police Executive Research Forum,
(March 2014) 4. See http://lapdonline.org/newsroom/news_view/57887
Chapter 2 Chapter 3
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16
19
21
10
9 15
6
8 11
7 20 2 1 4
Data-Informed, 3
13
Community-Focused Policing 12
14
18
Communities and Clients
Los Angeles is a multi-cultural, highly-diverse urban center. Acquire Data & Analyze
Spread across 472 square miles, the City’s people, communities,
businesses, sports teams, and tourist attractions are recognized Central Bureau Information, through the collection of data and careful analysis, is necessary to understanding problems
across the globe. More than four million people live in Los Central Area (1) and providing solutions to them. In major cities and law enforcement agencies throughout the country, the
Angeles and many more work, visit, and play here. Keeping Rampart Area (2)
people safe through enforcement, prevention, and mitigation Hollenbeck Area (4) requirement for quick and efficient answers has grown steadily with the advent of social media and the demand
Northeast Area (11)
are the primary methods of the Department. for real-time information. The LAPD has not ignored that need for information and has ensured that valid and
Newton Area (13)
South Bureau reliable data are accessible to the public through the City’s open data portal (https://data.lacity.org/).
Indeed, the Department’s policing effort will serve all its
Southwest Area (3)
communities and clients via the following goals and objectives.
Southeast Area (18)
77th Street Area (12) The Flow of Information detective’s goal is also to recover and return the property to its
Goals Harbor Area (5)
5 Information and data flow into the LAPD every day through rightful owner.
• Increase trust between the police and the public; 9-1-1 Calls for Service, investigative reports, the crime tipline,
Valley Bureau
• Reduce crime, including gun Van Nuys Area (9) and many more channels. In addition to the copy sent to the investigating entity, a
and gang-related crimes; and, West Valley Area (10) copy of the report is sent to the Area Crime & Community
• Assist victims of crimes, including residents, businesses, Foothill Area (16) A community member is at the center of every data element Intelligence Center (ACCIC). These police and civilian analysts
and those who are vulnerable to crime and disorder. North Hollywood Area (15) the Department acquires because the community member is are responsible for using data to determine trends in crime,
Devonshire Area (17) informing Area commanding officers of locations to focus
the source of crime reports. The Department received over
Mission Area (19)
Objectives 1,000,000 Calls for Service in 2018 from people requesting resources, and recommending ways to reduce victimization
Topanga Area (21)
1 Use crime and other data for analytic purposes that identify assistance regarding a crime or a disorder problem. through targeted prevention efforts.
neighborhoods experiencing crime and low community West Bureau
West Los Angeles Area (8)
engagement within the last year. These areas, after identification Although not every service call results in a report, many times Measuring Crime: LAPD Data
Hollywood Area (6)
by an Area Crime & Community Intelligence Center (ACCIC), Pacific Area (14) officers complete a crime report in order to investigate an To measure crime in the City, the Department, like 18,000 other
will be deemed the Neighborhood Engagement Areas (NEA) Wilshire Area (7) incident. In addition, the community may also file a desk report law enforcement agencies across the country, uses a uniform set
where police, residents, businesses, stakeholders, and other Olympic Area (20) at any Area community police station or use the Community of statistics that first reports to the California Department of
partners seek to reduce crime and disorder. Online Reporting Service (CORS) to file certain report types. Justice (CalDOJ). Those statistics are verified and validated in
the Department and at the state level and then forwarded to the
2 Build trust in the NEAs, CSP locations, and throughout Whenever a crime report is taken—through a Vehicle Report Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The FBI has compiled
the City by engaging in relationship building; working with or Investigative Report (IR)—the information on the report national statistics since 1930 and published the data as Crime in
youth; and actively engaging residents and businesses to flows to multiple places. A copy is distributed to the entity the United States since 1958.
assist in the effort. responsible for investigating the crime, such as the detectives in
community police stations or a specialized unit. Crime statistics for the LAPD are available on the City of Los
3 Forge community cohesion within NEAs with stakeholders, Angeles’ Open data portal: https://data.lacity.org/browse?Data-
partners, and community organizations to solve problems. From that point, detectives investigate the offense, gather Owner_Department=LAPD. Anyone can download the data
evidence to support the case, identify the offender, and work and conduct independent analyses.
4 Solve ‘big’ and ‘small’ crimes and problems within the NEAs. towards apprehending the offender. If property is involved, the
Data-Informed, Community-Focused
For other law enforcement agencies, data are available from the Automated Officer Location Capture
Policing Process
FBI’s and Bureau of Justice Statistics’ websites: https://www.bjs. Data from Automated Officer Location Capture (AOLC) are
gov/ucrdata/Search/Crime/Crime.cfm and https://crime-data- used to track and log an officer’s position throughout the day.
explorer.fr.cloud.gov/. Preliminarily, AOLC allows supervisors and commanding officers Daily Crime
to ensure that adequate time is spent in focus areas to modulate
Crime Data for LAPD Analysis otherwise inviting situations for criminal activity.
The data used to measure crime follow the specific definitions
mandated by CalDOJ and the FBI and include “Part I Crime” Additionally, location capture allows the Department an
incidents reported to the LAPD. These Part I offenses include information repository to use in later analytics for evaluation
homicides, robberies, rapes, aggravated assaults, burglaries,
Information Area Crime & Community
purposes.
thefts, auto thefts, and arson. Gathering Intelligence Center (ACCIC)
Analytical Tools and Processes Assess and analyze
In addition, offenses that involve guns, gangs, victims of To analyze these data, the Department uses its Crime Analysis
shootings, and other high-importance occurrences are routinely
analyzed by police and crime analysts in the Department. In
any crime incident, the variables analyzed—or the factors that
Mapping System (CAMS), existing off-the-shelf software like
STATA or SPSS and their data platforms, ArcGIS and Palantir. Area
receive attention—consist of the following: CAMS has been used for over a decade on a daily basis Each Area is held accountable
throughout the Department. Through this system, daily crime for reducing the fear and Crime Control
• Type of crime; maps, missions, and statistics are generated. Additionally, CAMS Mission incidence of crime. This flow chart Discuss missions,
• Time of the occurrence (date, hour, and day-of-week); allows crime analysts to query for certain crime elements to Deployment & depicts the daily process for crime resource deployment
• Location of occurrence (address, geo-coordinates, detect early patterns (e.g., crime analysts can display robberies Community and community
reduction and community
reporting district, and Area); and aggravated assaults where a weapon was a firearm). Engagement engagement strategies
• Modus operandi (MO); and,
engagement strategies.
• Any other necessary elements for investigations Crime Maps
or operations (e.g., suspect or vehicle information). In addition to algorithm-generated density maps for property
crimes, purely statistical crime maps continue to be a necessary
These data elements are extracted from the same database used tool for tackling all location-based crime and disorder. Crime
by the LAPD on a daily basis for Compstat and other strategic maps, depicting the location of crimes that are reported, can be
crime control efforts. The Department’s civilian Crime and generated in real-time by using CAMS or ArcGIS.
Intelligence Analysts (CIANs) routinely validate the data to
ensure accuracy. Real-Time Crime Maps Dissemination Bureau CSOC
For real-time information, maps are displayed on television of Information Information sharing
Calls for Service terminals in the watch commander’s office and are used
Calls for Service (CFS) data are used routinely to help determine routinely by them.
where and why community members request police service.
CFS data are divided into five (5) types of calls: This practice allows for an up-to-the-minute look at potentially
emerging crime trends and rapid response deployment of
1 Personal (e.g., robbery, assault); resources to address emerging crime problems. Crime maps
2 Property (e.g., burglary, auto-theft); are also the basis for daily crime-control meetings and should
3 Public order offenses (e.g., disturbances, drugs/prostitution); be distributed in the roll call room.
4 Traffic-related incidents/crimes (e.g., DUI, traffic collision); and,
5 Other miscellaneous types of calls (e.g., 311 [non-emergency Near Real-Time Maps (PDFs and Printed Maps)
municipal services], forgery, alarm). Near real-time crime maps are beneficial for investigators,
officers, and the community. Investigators may gain insight Compstat Compstat inspection meetings OO CSOC
The supplemental data associated with Calls for Service include into problem locations through a visual depiction of recent take place throughout the
year to hold commanding Support Monitor
the ‘priority levels’ of calls – those that are of high importance and crimes and can use the location information to assist in Future
require ‘lights and sirens’ (Code-3 calls), moderate importance planning canvassing.
Accountability officers accountable for
Strategies
(Code 2 calls), and standard priority (non-coded calls). crime that takes place within
Perhaps more significantly, crime maps are distributed and their Area and discuss future
strategies for crime reduction. Oversight
These data (from 2014 to 2018) are available on the City’s posted on the LAPD website and the Area pages so that
Open Data Portal at https://data.lacity.org/browse?Data-Owner_ residents and businesses have access to the information.
Department=LAPD.
Did You Know?
Chapter 4
A B O U T C O M P S TAT
In 2003 Chief William Bratton introduced his
model of Compstat (comprehensive computer
statistics) to the LAPD. Based on the New York
Police Department’s model that he began in1994,
Chief Bratton emphasized this performance
management tool as a method of accountability
and one that could lead to crime reduction. Four
principles guide the LAPD method: 1) accurate
and timely intelligence; 2) effective tactics; 3)
rapid deployment; and 4) relentless follow-up
and assessment.
Partnerships
As the Department redoubles its efforts for policing, sharing
this information with the community stakeholders can work
Today, using technology and computer generated towards engaging them to address the problem.
mapping, Compstat generates crime statistics daily,
weekly, monthly, and annually for command staff Already, many Areas are sharing daily crime maps with Effective partnerships between law enforcement and community stakeholders are essential to public
and Area commanding officers. Each LAPD Office the community through social media and the Department safety. As the Department implements the SARA process, partnerships are essential in understanding
(Operations, Support Services, and Special Operations) supports Citywide crime mapping projects (such as through
is held accountable for crime, risk management, and the problem, providing responses to the problem, and assessing or evaluating the problem.
crimemapping.com). Officers who engage with the community
other Department goals. also provide crime prevention information specific to recent
crime dots.
The most widely recognized element of Compstat is its
Example: A crime map shows three home burglaries on cul- As we have discussed, the community-focused goal is meant the collaborative bonds needed to maintain order, provide a
regularly occurring meetings where LAPD’s executives
de-sac locations in a basic car boundary. Along with sharing to address problems of disorder and neglect with stakeholders sense of security, and control and reduce crime. Police must
and officers discuss and analyze crime problems and
the strategies used to address those problems. the crime map, the officer notes that the burglaries occurred throughout the City. The LAPD and the greater community build lasting relationships that encompass all elements of
from rear-sliding door smashes. As a result, residents are become partners in addressing problems of violence, the community and center around the fundamental issues of
reminded to trim overgrown hedges, ensure adequate lighting, abandoned cars, quality of life, burglaries, thefts, and other public safety and quality of life. As we have discussed, the key
From an administrative perspective, LAPD’s and to make their home appear occupied, when possible. major crimes. to managing this difficult task is trust.
Compstat is a unique system for internal and external
accountability. As a measurement system, it drives the Analysis of Crime Report Data As we build relationships and linkages across the City, those Establishing and maintaining mutual trust is a central goal
Department in the following ways: The Department will leverage new mapping and crime databases partnerships will be strengthened over time, and we will be better of Data-Informed, Community-Focused Policing. This is
to allow Area Crime and Community Intelligence Centers to suited to pinpoint and mitigate the underlying causes of crime. accomplished, in part through community partnerships.
perform crime spike analysis and use historical crime data to The LAPD recognizes the need for cooperation with the
• It is aligned with organizational units that hold Our partnerships consist of more than just our local community. In the fight against serious crime we have
detect temporal trends in violent and property crime.
leaders and managers accountable for performance;
government offices and neighborhood residents. Churches, encouraged community members to come forth with relevant
• The measures are simple and continuously used so Using CAMS and other analytics software, crime hotspots— schools, hospitals, social groups, private and public agencies, information. In addition, we have spoken to neighborhood
that performance can be observed over time; such as those from a sudden crime spike—can be detected with and those who work in the area are also vital members of the groups, participated in business and civic events, worked with
• The measures are aligned with those who oversee heatmapping or kernel density estimates, and resources can be community. In addition, those who visit Los Angeles for cultural social agencies, and taken part in educational and recreational
the Department externally; redeployed to precisely address emerging crime problems. or recreational purposes, or provide services to the area are also programs for school children.
concerned with the safety and security of the neighborhood.
• Accountability is frequent, so that leaders and
Similarly, manual or computer-aided reviews of historical But we need to do more. The fundamental distinction is that
managers are attentive;
crime data may be performed to determine temporal crime We must also keep in mind that concerns and priorities will in Data-Informed, Community-Focused Policing, we become
• Leaders and managers recognize that Compstat trends, such as seasonal property crime increases during vary within and among these communities. Some communities an integral part of the community culture, and the community
affects their current and future standing and summer months. have been established over the years and were formed around assists in defining future priorities and in allocating resources.
promotional opportunities; and, racial or ethnic lines, or through a common history, church, or Community partnership means adopting a policing perspective
• Comparisons can be made across Areas, situations, For either method, the Department will focus on using only the school. Others form and re-form as new problems are identified that exceeds the traditional law enforcement emphasis. This
and people. following four data elements: and addressed. Interest groups within communities can be in broadened outlook recognizes the value of activities that
• Type of incident (e.g., burglary, theft, motor vehicle theft); opposition to one another—sometimes in heated opposition. With contribute to the orderliness and well-being of a neighborhood.
• Location of incident; changes in demographics, economic development, gentrification,
• Date and time of incident (e.g., January 1, 2019 at 1400 and other factors, intracommunity disputes emerge. Toward these ends, the Department will incorporate important
hours); and, components of community engagement that include
• Day of the week. The conflicts within communities are as important as the Community Safety Partnerships, collective efficacy, and many
• Any other necessary elements for investigations commonalities. The LAPD must be cognizant and sensitive to other programs geared not only at crime reduction but at
or operations (e.g., suspect or vehicle information). the existence of a myriad of opinions and beliefs while building building trust. Partnerships are key to making these work.
Instead of suppression units, community advocates and Department
leaders envisioned a concept of creating a dedicated group of police
officers who would embrace new, trust-building policing methods and
work collaboratively with the community to achieve long-term solutions
to crime and quality-of-life concerns.
Community Safety Partnerships

The Community Safety Partnership program is the keystone scores of civil rights leaders have championed the Department’s
of the Department’s partnership strategy, supported by its four efforts. Notably, community leaders have written to executive
pillars: Community Outreach, Youth Programs, Public Safety, and and political leaders about the outcomes observed within
Safe Passage. Started in early 2011, the program was developed CSP locations. In fact, Community Safety Partnerships were
as an alternative to enforcement-driven overtime details to identified as a nationwide best practice in the Final Report of
combat crime in housing developments. Instead of suppression the President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing, convened
units, community advocates and Department leaders envisioned by President Barack Obama.
a concept of creating a dedicated group of police officers who
would embrace new, trust-building policing methods and The Department is doubling down on its commitment to this
work collaboratively with the community to achieve long-term community collaboration. The Department has expanded
solutions to crime and quality-of-life concerns. the CSP program to ten locations, as of the first quarter of
2020. Beyond the original sites, the Department now has two
Beginning in October of 2011, after months of specialized locations in Newton Area (South Park and Pueblo del Rio), two
training in the areas of interpersonal communication, more in Southeast (Avalon Gardens and Gonzaque Village),
psychology, sociology, leadership, Constitutional policing, and one each in 77th Street Area (Harvard Park) and Foothill
cultural policing, de-escalation techniques, and dispute Area (San Fernando Gardens).
resolution, four CSP sites opened. Three were centered in the
Department’s Southeast Area (Jordan Downs, Imperial Courts, In these locations, as in the original four, the officers in the
Nickerson Gardens) while one opened in the Hollenbeck Area program are tasked with (1) developing positive police-
(Ramona Gardens). community relationships through education and sports
programs; (2) addressing crime trends in collaboration with
Not only has the program become a nationally recognized community leaders; and (3) exercising their law enforcement
success story—with significantly improved crime rates in CSP duties and responsibilities through a long-term, problem-
areas along with record community trust and support—but solving approach.
Going forward, the heart of the four pillars serve as guide for successful community
partnership. Community Outreach ensures the Department understands what the
community needs from their police department, as well as strengthening bonds by
offering community clean-up days, education and job fairs, holiday events, and
“foot beats” alongside community volunteers. Youth Programs and Safe Passage
ensure positive activities exist for youth, to avoid gang membership and pressures of
delinquency—especially on routes to and from school. The Public Safety component
ensures necessary enforcement activity exists to uphold a high quality-of-life, balanced
with an understanding of a need to do so with compassion and understanding.
Four Pillars of Community Partnerships
Community Outreach Youth Programs Safe Passage Public Safety

ensures the Department ensure positive activities involves police, parents, component ensures
understands what the exist for youth, to avoid gang grandparents and neighbors necessary enforcement
community needs from membership and pressures to deter crime by being activity exists to uphold
their police department, as of delinquency. These available to assist children a high quality-of-
well as strengthening bonds programs also build trust by and ensure crime-free life, balanced with an
between the community developing relationships and routes to and from school. understanding of a need
and the Department. providing mentoring. to do so with compassion
and understanding.
Chapter 5
These patterns were identified during the conference calls and engage in scanning the corridor to note significant traits and
shared with the various enforcement units which contributed visible problems. The NEA Team should note the presence or
to the quick apprehension of dangerous suspects. As a result absence of trash, graffiti, encampments, loitering, prostitution,
of these successes, CSOC has been established in Central, street lighting, visible surveillance cameras, landscaping, and
Valley, and West Bureaus. The Community Safety Operations throughways.
Center Guide serves as a guideline to maintain all CSOCs
consistent in structure and implementation while still capable For Step 2, the Area Crime & Community Intelligence Center
of addressing fundamental community issues and unique (ACCIC) or NEA Team should conduct an in-depth analysis
crime trends and various levels of disorder (quality of life of how each of the observed elements either contributes or
concerns) in different parts of the City. detracts from public order and community safety. The NEA
Team can consist of multiple resources including foot patrols,
Neighborhood Engagement Areas bikes, narcotics units, gang units, and other specialized
Neighborhood Engagement Areas (NEA) are locations identified problem-solving officer teams. It is expected that the ACCIC
by an Area ACCIC where crimes have increased over the past review crime reports from their assigned basic car and provide
year and where Senior Lead Officers (SLO), patrol officers, an analysis of how the environmental factors may play a role in
residents and businesses begin to take more responsibility for any pattern or trend of the underlying offense.
reducing crime. The Department will use the well-established
academic principles of “SARA” (Scanning, Analysis, Response, Example 1: An ACCIC is reviewing a series of reports
and Assessment) problem-solving techniques to address for vandalism. The ACCIC notes that all the vandalism
issues within NEAs; implement location-based solutions; occurrences were graffiti on garages in a dimly lit alley with
provide services to those who need assistance; and, engage the no noticeable surveillance system. Additionally, a City-
community to assist with education and prevention. owned skate park is located across from the street at the end
of the alleyway and closes at dusk.
Local police leadership must forge strategic relationships in
Responses these neighborhoods-not just in words, but in deeds. Police

officers must consider themselves to be both caretakers and
By focusing on small geographic locations with high
concentrations of crime, micro-location policing aims to
problem solvers in their communities and neighborhoods and increase the general deterrence of police actions, in this case by
Once the problem has been analyzed and partnerships To accomplish their mission, CSOC staff analyze crime data serve as catalysts for the overall improvement of conditions in increasing perceptions of the certainty of enforcement action.
and assist the commanding officers in the coordination of the neighborhood.
with other community members and organizations have
deployment of officers across the region. Timely coordination Example 2: An ACCIC reviews recent neighborhood
been established, the Department responds to address resulted in the rapid apprehension of many suspects of crime A key component of this strategy is to meet the unique needs of complaints for prostitution. The SLO recognizes that the
crime and disorder. In this section, we describe across all focus areas. particular neighborhoods. Forming partnerships is extremely road has a wide second lane, allowing cars to stop at the curb
important and officers must adapt and work with communities to engage with pedestrians on the sidewalk. Additionally, the
a variety of programs within the Department
The CSOC day shift provided crime analysis, investigative that have specific needs. The diversity of neighborhoods across businesses fronting the sidewalk turn off their lights at night.
that have internal and external components. support, prepared crime maps, and allocated Metropolitan the City means that different approaches must be used to solve
Division and motor officer resources. The night shift provided problems, reduce crime, and reduce victimization. During Step 3, the ACCIC should respond to the problem with
Community Safety Operations Center field investigative support, monitored Calls for Service in solutions tailored to the problem. Importantly, the ACCIC will
In the Department, one of the key successes to crime reduction the focus areas, and allocated resources based on emerging A ‘project’ should be created and implemented for each location often need to partner with other City entities, local businesses and
has been the use of the Community Safety Operations Center incidents, if necessary. identified as having a need, such as through Street Segment residents, and community leaders to effect the desired change.
(CSOC) in South Bureau. Since 2016, the activities of CSOC Analysis. The plans should include input from the SLO, patrol
have assisted in reducing crime, notably homicides and gun- In essence, police and crime analysts worked together to identify officers, investigators, neighborhood prosecutors, and those Example 1: The ACCIC determines that the alley needs to
related violence. and track crime that emerges across the Bureau. residents with street-level knowledge. The plan should include increase the lighting and works with the council member
goals, objectives, a timeline, and people responsible for specific and the Bureau of Street Services to install new street
For the past three years, CSOC has been coordinating crime CSOC was successful in its mission and significantly reduced tasks. Each week, commanding officers should measure lighting in the alleyway. At the same time, the ACCIC
reduction efforts within Newton Area, Southwest Area, 77th violent crime over the past three years. Many lessons were progress toward improving safety. At Compstat, questions will and NEA Team works with the neighbors to install visible
Street Area, and Southeast Area. Together, these four Areas learned and “best practices” were identified. The bureau be asked about crime locations, the SARA process, and how surveillance cameras to both capture and deter individuals
accounted for approximately 48% of the City’s violent gun commanding officers identified the daily conference calls Areas are achieving their goals of increasing trust, reducing from committing vandalism. Lastly, the ACCIC and
crimes. CSOC has been assisting the commanding officers as one of the most important factors in CSOC’s success. The crime, and assisting victims. NEA Team should work with City partners to change the
of Operations-Central Bureau (OCB) and Operations-South conference calls reinforced to the Area commanding officers egress from the skatepark to divert pedestrian traffic to
Bureau (OSB) with reducing the incidence of crime in the the importance of reducing crime. The daily conference The following illustrates the steps to provide solutions to the major street corridor rather than the side streets with
designated Areas. calls also improved the speed with which information was community problems associated with crime or disorder. alleys. Facilitating a quick dispersal of potentially-involved
exchanged between commands. Many violent crimes, such as individuals eliminates the opportunity to congregate and
robberies and shootings, occurred in multiple Areas, and often In Step 1, it is expected that Area captains task their SLO or engage in group-centric graffiti.
involved the same suspects. assigned team (“NEA Team”) for the locations in question to
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
By focusing on micro-geographic locations with high concentrations

of crime, the goal is to increase the general deterrence of police
actions, in this case by increasing perceptions of the certainty
1 2 3 4
Natural Surveillance: Natural Access Control: Territoriality: Maintenance:
the removal of hiding spots controlling the flow generating a sense of the physical maintenance
of enforcement action. or physical barriers. of traffic or travel. ownership within the location. or general upkeep of a place.
Example 2: Example 2: The ACCIC recognizes the dimly deterrence of police actions, in this case by increasing Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Lack of prosocial activity in parks encourages problems and
lit sidewalk helps mask the loitering for prostitution and perceptions of the certainty of enforcement action.7 There Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) creates opportunities for crime.8
works with the businesses to keep the sidewalk illuminated may also be a specific deterrent impact as serious offenders is a crime reduction strategy that seeks to deter or prevent
at night. Furthermore, the ACCIC and NEA Team work who are arrested because of increased patrols are dissuaded crime by changing environmental structures. Crime Offender -Based Programs
with the council member to modify the throughways by from future offending. Prevention Through Environmental Design is comprised of Research sponsored by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)
adding a parking island-protected bike lane. By encouraging four main components: shows that 68 percent of offenders released from prison will
frequent bike passage and removing the ability for cars to Collective Efficacy (Shared Responsibility) reoffend within 3 years.9 Additional BJS studies show that
pull immediately adjacent to the curb, the ease of soliciting It is also clear that the Department needs to adopt a more 1 Natural Surveillance: the removal of hiding spots interventions and sanctions for these individuals not only
the prostitute is reduced and the activity is eliminated from communal response to crime. By embedding the idea of or physical barriers, curtail future crime, but increase the likelihood of desistance-or
that location. collective efficacy into daily policing and concentrating on 2 Natural Access Control: controlling the flow of traffic achieving the permanent state of nonoffending.
educating people about this, a communal response to crime or travel,
During Step 4, the ACCIC will assess the results of the will develop. 3 Territoriality: generating a sense of ownership Other more recent research places emphasis on the most
solutions implemented in Step 3. The ACCIC will look not within the location, and violent offenders, particularly for focused deterrence programs
only at crime reports and Calls for Service, but also consult Collective efficacy refers to the degree to which people trust their 4 Maintenance: the physical maintenance and gang interventions. The research suggests that targeted
the community in regards to satisfaction levels with the neighbors to provide a sense of safety, the extent that they care or general upkeep of a place.8 supervision on specific individuals has a significant impact on
implemented changes and subsequent results. The ACCIC about their neighborhood, and their willingness to intervene if overall crime rates, while minimizing the impact on community
and the community decide whether the problem is solved or something problematic happens. By extension, collective efficacy Deploying CPTED practices reduces crime by signaling residents.9
whether to continue working the area. means trusting the police to assist in dealing with problems in safety to residents and businesses while simultaneously
their community. Research shows that neighborhoods with discouraging would-be offenders.8 The CPTED process For the LAPD, the offender-based strategy includes: the
Location-Based Crime and Disorder Enforcement higher collective efficacy experience lower rates of crime. is an evidence-based crime reduction technique that has identification of those on parole, probation, or Post Release
The most recent research5 shows that focusing on small areas been supported by various research projects and police Community Supervision (PRCS) who warrant additional
(micro-geographic locations) will deter crime from areas, and In a practical sense, collective efficacy involves residents departments for over 30 years. The notion that environmental consideration for supervision given their risk status provided
in fact, reduce the likelihood the crime ever occurs.6 Micro- supervising children playing in public areas, acting to prevent design and maintenance can affect crime and disorder is well by the County or types of offenses committed, as well as in
geographic locations are one or two street segments (500- truancy and street corner “hanging” by teenagers and established in American policing. comparison to suspect descriptions for both violent and
1,000-foot street blocks) that include specific locations (bars, confronting individuals who exploit or disturb public spaces. property crimes.
liquor stores, or bus stops), or high-crime street corners. By It is not necessary, however, to assume a perfect link between
concentrating on these areas, police have smaller ‘foot prints’ Other examples of collective efficacy can be small actions such physical disorder and all subsequent crime to use environmental Under the Data-Informed, Community-Focused Policing
and are not seen as over-policing neighborhoods. as asking questions to strangers, calling the police when a planning and design as a means to affect the overall safety and plan, each geographic Area will be responsible for identifying
neighbor needs help, assisting an elderly neighbor or attending vibrancy of neighborhood communities—perceived and actual. offenders that are on PRCS, probation, or parole for either a
Micro-location policing covers a range of police responses, City Council meetings. violent offense or a property crime of significant concern to
but they all emphasize placing resources at specific locations For example, in parks, the most commonly utilized CPTED that command. The Department, along with State and County
where crime incidents have been highly concentrated. Implementation, encouragement, and education around this strategies include trash and graffiti removal, increased agencies, will identify individuals and conduct appropriate
By focusing on micro-geographic locations with high approach to having shared responsibility will act as a catalyst lighting, and implementing signs throughout the park.8 These supervision of them to prevent or identify reoffending,
concentrations of crime, the goal is to increase the general to build safer communities and this approach will help us to be strategies allow park users to adopt a sense of park ownership, consistent with the terms of their postrelease.
more precise and focus on an ever-smaller footprint. improve their safety or perception of safety, and encourage
their continued use of the park’s amenities.8 Conversely, if
5. Weisburd, D. & Majmundar, M.K. & Education, Division. (2018). Proactive Policing: Effects on crime and communities.
6. Braga, A. A., Papachristos, A., & Hureau, D. (2012). Hot spots policing effect on crime (Campbell Systematic
parks are left unmaintained and in poor condition, residents
Reviews, 8). The Campbell Collaboration. Retrieved from https://publikationen.uni-tuebingen.de/xmlui/ are less able to employ informal social control, trust one 8. McCormick & Holland, 2015; Paynet Reinhard, 2016
bitstream/handle/10900/64689/Braga_Hot_Spots_Policing_Review.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 9. Alper, Mariel, Durose, Matthew R., Markman, Joshua, 2018 Update on Prisoner Recidivism: A 9-Year Follow-up
7. Durlauf, S. N., and Nagin, D. S. (2011). Imprisonment and crime. Criminology & Public Policy, 10(1), 13–54.
another, and are less willing to spend time at their local park.8 Period (2005-2014), Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report, May 2018, NCJ 250975.
Chapter 6
Understanding Assessment
the Relationship
Suspect Victim For every SARA problem-solving effort that is undertaken at
of Community every Area, assessments will be conducted to determine their
Measuring Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Impacts
To measure the effectiveness of the strategy, LAPD data will
and Crime success. In general, Area commanding officers will provide

continual feedback to their respective bureau deputy chiefs and
be used to determine whether changes in crime occurred
as a result of the overall responses that were implemented.
they will report on their progress at Compstat. Similarly, the The Evaluation and Administration Section of the Office of
The Department recognizes that, in order Area commanding officers should provide their community Operations will be responsible for this task.
for a crime to occur, there must be an partners with feedback on a regular basis.
intersection of people, places, and activities Data from Calls for Service, incident reports, Automated
(criminal act). Thus, the Department will In particular, Area commanding officers should provide their Officer Location Capture (AOLC), community surveys, and
Location focus resources on places (location-based)
and people (offender-based) to ensure
deputy chiefs and the Office of Operations with trends and
patterns in crime. Using crime and Calls for Service data
other information will serve as the baseline for the strategy.
As Data-Informed, Community-Focused Policing is rolled
that at least one element is missing for (described in Chapter 3), Area crime and police analysts out throughout the Department, CSOC and ACCIC teams
the completed crime to have occurred. should track Part I Crimes as well as other crime types that will be responsible for tracking the analysis, partnerships,
are relevant to their respective problems. Every three months, and responses of each Area. For example, when an Area
reports should be provided to command staff regarding violent identifies a Neighborhood Engagement Area and a specific
and property crimes. Appropriate trend lines, charts, and maps street segment, those places will be entered into the system.
should be created and disseminated internally and externally. Activities of officers will be routinely tracked and monitored
(See the Community Safety Operations Center Guide for with the expectation that reports will follow quarterly.
further details, pg. 29).
Impacts on the Community
For example, an Area experiencing a surge in motor vehicle of inclusion if an individual contests an enforcement action In addition to the assessments by the Area commanding To determine the perceptions of the community and the impact
thefts should consider identifying individuals with residences based on the inclusion into the database and issue a Los officers, the Office of Operations is responsible for an overall of Data-Informed, Community-Focused Policing on residents
or last-known addresses in the Area who have underlying Angeles Police Department Clearance Document, when assessment of the city-wide Data-Informed, Community- and partners, the Department will engage in multiple methods
convictions for Vehicle Code Section 10851 or Penal Code applicable.10 Focused Policing strategy. to track and gauge those perceptions.
Section 487(d)(1). Conducting specific, timely probation and/
or parole checks on these individuals is likely to provide the Focus on Victimization Three important questions should be answered regarding the Public Sentiment
greatest likelihood of desisting future re-offending. Aiding victims of crime is another component to the overall assessment. Sentiment is “an attitude, thought, or judgment prompted by
Data-Informed, Community-Focused Policing plan. This feeling”; similar to a “predilection” or “specific view or notion”
The Department also recognizes that repeat offenders comprise means that the LAPD will take a deliberate and unrelenting 1 How effective are we at increasing trust between and police according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary. While there is
a significant portion of crime occurrences. As such, the focus on supporting the victims of crime and disorder. and public? How effective are we at reducing crime and fear no specific definition for public sentiment, it is the idea that
Department will continue to focus on the timely apprehension of crime, increasing safety, and increasing satisfaction with opinions or feelings can shape viewpoints on different topics.
of individuals for whom warrants have been issued and those The main concern for the Department is to provide fair, caring police services? Public sentiment is influenced by information technology,
for whom detectives have established probable cause exists to and competent safeguarding and ultimately, work towards 2 How efficient are we at accomplishing these goals? Did polling, social media, news outlets, and other communication
identify them as a wanted person. The Department’s primary fewer victims. we manage our resources appropriately? Did we make efforts. The public’s perceptions about race, investments, health
source of warrant information is the Los Angeles County the best use of personnel? Did we engage the community care, and criminal justice (among many others) have been
Countywide Warrant System (CWS), a database also outside of The Department will ensure that the most vulnerable groups appropriately and form partnerships that would assist us in brought to the forefront over the last decade.
the Department’s control. of victims, such as the homeless, the mentally ill and those implementation of programs?
with substance abuse, are served. The Department will 3 How did we impact the community, not only in terms of In particular, the lawfulness and legitimacy of law enforcement
Note: Although the entry, maintenance, and removal treat victims with care and compassion and will regularly safety and fear reduction, but in terms of constitutional are important criteria for judging policing in a democratic
of individuals from the Countywide Warrant system (or communicate with them to guarantee they are receiving policing? Did we implement the strategies fairly and society. Lawfulness means that police comply with
parole/probation databases) is not the responsibility of the a high quality of service when engaging with the LAPD. equitably across the City? constitutional, statutory, and professional norms. The public’s
Department, Department personnel will verify the accuracy These practices include updates on case statuses, providing beliefs about the police and their willingness to recognize police
connections with services, and conducting follow-ups. Recognizing the community involvement throughout, the authority are among the views that comprise public sentiment.
Department anticipates responding with answers to “How do
we determine success?” and “What are the methods and ways
10. Existing procedures in Manual Section 4/611.15, CWS Arrestee Alleges to Have Been Previously Booked or
to show that we fulfilled our goals?”
Claims Not to Be The Subject Of A Warrant, contain the procedures for these circumstances.
Chapter 7
In order to understand public sentiment, the Department is committed

to obtaining a full, candid picture of community and neighborhood
perceptions of safety, fear, satisfaction with police services, and trust.
Strategic Plan
Racial and ethnic minorities may perceive of the police as conduct multiple approaches to measuring public sentiment. Implementation and Operations Compstat and Data-Informed, Community-Focused Policing
lacking lawfulness and legitimacy, based, in part, on their These may include: Importantly, it is necessary for bureau deputy chiefs and We will continue to maintain the original principles of Compstat
interactions with the police or other influences (social media, commanders and their captains to conduct Data-Informed, whereby emphasis on information-sharing, responsibility and
news stories, etc.). This can lead to distrust of the police, which • Annual Citywide telephone–or internet-based surveys Community-Focused Policing planning sessions at the Area accountability, and improving effectiveness are vital. The four
has serious consequences for law enforcement. Lack of trust (landlines and cell phones); level. The outcome will be a local, Area-level plan that should recognized core components are: (1) Timely and accurate
equates to illegitimacy of police authority, which in turn leads • In-person and online focus groups in four bureaus; include the major components described in this document: information or intelligence; (2) Rapid deployment of resources;
to an inability for the police to function effectively. • Citywide mobile device surveys; (3) Effective tactics; and (4) Relentless follow-up.
• Online surveys for 9-1-1 callers and consumers of police 1 Neighborhood Policing
Many law enforcement agencies have allowed researchers to services; and, 2 Location and Offender-Based Enforcement We expect that the programs and projects designed for specific
study efforts to improve the lawfulness and legitimacy of their • Call-backs by trained civilians or volunteers to 9-1-1 callers 3 Focus on Victims neighborhoods will be aimed at the reduction of violent
policing activities. These agencies do so because they want to and consumers of police services. crime and property crime, with the involvement of Watch
raise the level of trust and confidence of the people they serve Area Crime & Community Commanders (WCs), Specialized Unit Officers-in-Charge
while controlling crime effectively. By using multiple methods, the Department will be able to Intelligence Center (ACCIC) Guide (OICs), Detective Commanding Officers (COs), and SLOs
measure public sentiment at multiple levels, including: across The Area Crime & Community Intelligence Center Guide and Community Relations Officers (CROs). They will involve
Measures of Public Sentiment the City, by bureau, by Area, and by basic car. In addition, the provides a framework for establishing and staffing an ACCIC, community partners in solving these problems. Additionally,
In order to understand public sentiment, the Department is Department will obtain viewpoints from residents, callers, and along with a guiding rubric for the processes and products that when we see an upsurge in crime, we will consider and reflect
committed to obtaining a full, candid picture of community victims on an array of core questions regarding safety, fear, are expected of them. on the questions: (1) are COs and WCs ready, and (2) how did
and neighborhood perceptions of safety, fear, satisfaction with satisfaction with police services, and trust. These indicators they respond?
police services, and trust. Focusing on this aim, LAPD will of public sentiment can be used to drive accountability for Community Safety Operations Center (CSOC) Guide
work with researchers and community organizations who will commanding officers at Compstat. The Community Safety Operations Center Guide provides a We envision that SLOs, CROs, and patrol officers will engage in
framework for establishing and staffing a CSOC, along with a problem-solving and apply the methodology to neighborhood
guiding rubric for how to operationalize collective intelligence policing in basic car areas, as well as on identified street
in crime fighting. segments. Our aim is for them to reach out to community
organizations, residents, City partners, and those with
Community Safety Partnerships (CSPs) knowledge about the street for support and assistance.
The Department will continue the successful strategy of the
Community Safety Partnerships, building trust and addressing Community Policing is based upon a partnership between
community issues through collaboration. As the Department the police and the community whereby the police and the
opens its 10th CSP location, it continues to remain open to any community share responsibility for identifying, reducing,
future opportunities to expand. eliminating and preventing problems that impact community
safety and order. By working together, the police and the
community can reduce the fear and incidence of crime and
improve the quality of life in neighborhoods citywide.
APPENDIX ONE
Community Safety
Operations Center (CSOC) Guide
Office of Operations
30 32 33 34
Introduction Personnel CSOC Build-Out Daily Operating Procedure
· Data-Informed, · Crime Analysts · Equipment Products Defined
Community-Focused · Police Officers · Systems · Deployment Numbers Sheet
Policing · AM Watch, · Daily Crime Maps
· Background Officer-In-Charge · Daily Crime Briefings
· Purpose · PM Watch, · Conference Call
Chief Duty Officer · Over Goal Analysis
· Weekly Chief of Police Crime Briefing
· Mission Packets
· Deployment Mission Sheet
28 D ATA - I N F O R M E D , C O M M U N I T Y- F O C U S E D P O L I C I N G I N T H E LO S A N G E L E S P O L I C E D E PA R T M E N T D ATA - I N F O R M E D , C O M M U N I T Y- F O C U S E D P O L I C I N G · C S O C G U I D E 29
APPENDIX ONE
Introduction
Data-Informed, Community-Focused Policing assisting the commanding officers (C/Os) of Operations-
Based on input from the public, the Board of Police Commissioners Central Bureau (OCB) and Operations-South Bureau (OSB)
(BOPC), the Mayor’s Office and the Chief of Police, the Los with reducing the incidence of violent crime in the designated
Angeles Police Department (LAPD or Department) is embarking Areas. To accomplish their mission, CSOC analyzed crime data
on major improvements to better balance trust and public safety. and assisted the commanding officers in the coordination of
This change will involve the development of more precise actions their crime-fighting efforts. From March to October 2016 the
and measures based on research and evaluation. It will involve CSOC was in operation 20 hours per day, seven days per week,
working closely with the community to identify problems, solve between the hours of 0600 and 0200. Personnel were assigned
them, and assess our success. to the CSOC in two shifts: a day shift and an evening shift.
Although LAPD has been successful in driving down crime Today, the CSOC has expanded to all geographic bureaus with
in recent years, the idea of striving for improvement and the goal of replicating the success seen within Operations-South
maintaining a high-quality service will permanently be one of Bureau. It is understood that each geographic bureau is unique
our core values. Community members want more uniformity in the issues that it faces. This guide is intended to establish a
in community engagement efforts, as programs across the City standardized procedure for the implementation, basic structure,
varied in intensity and method. The Department seeks to fine- and best practices of a CSOC. Each bureau should maintain the
tune and harmonize our community engagement and crime procedures outlined in this guide while addressing the different Valley Bureau
fighting efforts in an attempt to strike a balance between effective crimes trends and quality of life issues that are specific to their
7870 Nollan Place
policing and meaningful collaboration between the police and areas Further, each bureau should emphasize the use of the Panorama City, 91402
the people whom we have sworn to protect and serve. SARA model and community engagement as integral parts of
the overall strategy
Procedural justice, public sentiment, and appropriate measures
of community perceptions are integral parts of Data-Informed, Goals and Principles
Community-Focused Policing. Department leaders will be The goals and principles of the CSOCs are linked to the
expected to know and explain the results of the research Department’s Data-Informed, Community-Focused Policing West Bureau
conducted on procedural justice and public sentiment in their plan. They include the following: 4849 Venice Boulevard
Los Angeles, 90019
Areas, with equal importance as has traditionally been given to
crime statistics. Goals
• Increase trust between the police and the public;
The establishment of Community Safety Operations Centers • Reduce crime, including gun and gang-related crimes; and,
Central Bureau
(CSOC) within each of the four Bureaus assists in overseeing • Assist victims of crimes, including residents, businesses, and
the balance between effective crime control policing and those who are vulnerable to crime and disorder. 251 East 6th Street
Los Angeles, 90014
meaningful collaboration between the police and the public.
This manual provides uniformity and consistency across Purpose
the bureau CSOCs. It serves as a ‘how-to’ guide for bureau To fulfill the Departmental goals, the purpose of the CSOC
commanders. is to identify and mitigate limitations or impacts on overall South Bureau
bureau operations relevant to: deployment issues, crime trends, 7600 South Broadway
Background gang violence, organizational needs (bureau and city-wide), Los Angeles, 90003
From December 2015 to March 2016, the City began to see specialized unit coverage, community issues, and any Area
a dramatic increase in violent crime compared to the same specific issues or concerns. To accomplish their mission, CSOC
period in previous years. The number of homicides, shots will analyze crime data and assist the commanding officers
CSOC Locations
fired, and victims shot increased. The Department utilized in the coordination of their crime-fighting and community
several strategies to reduce violent crime between March 13, engagement efforts. Additionally, the sharing of information
2016 and October 1, 2016. One of the most effective strategies among Areas within a bureau, and cross-bureau information
was the establishment of the Community Safety Operations sharing, is an integral part of the CSOC mission.
Center (CSOC).
Note: A bureau or Area can diverge from generally accepted
After careful analysis, it was determined the CSOC would strategies given they provide a compelling reason for the
coordinate crime-fighting efforts within Newton Area, adaptation. The specific strategies may be driven by local
Southwest Area, 77th Street Area, and Southeast Area. data and Area concerns that should address the specific
Together, these four Areas accounted for approximately 48% needs of the particular problems or communities.
of the City’s violent gun crimes. The CSOC was tasked with
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APPENDIX ONE
Detective III, Police Officer(s)
Detective II, or Sergeant
Investigative/Deployment
Supervisor
Bureau
Assistant C/O
Incident Commander
CIAN II CIAN I
Supervisor Crime Analyst
Personnel Build-Out
The following personnel, with specific system skills, should be Police Officers: The police officer(s) assigned to CSOC should Equipment
assigned to the CSOC when feasible. have experience in generating Crime Analysis and Mapping To facilitate the various systems and reports needed for • Crime Analysis and Mapping System (CAMS): An application
System (CAMS) reports, and using additional Department conference calls and operations, the following is a recommended that queries crime-related data from the Consolidated Crime
Supervisors: A Sergeant or Detective supervisor should be the systems for investigative inquiries. Additional skills to consider minimum equipment list: Analysis Database (CCAD) to generate reports and crime
first line supervisor for the CIANs and police officers assigned are an understanding of the SARA model and location- maps in different formats. There are multiple reports that can
to the CSOC. The supervisor is responsible for reviewing all based policing, social media/open source navigation and the • 1 Large Television Monitor (75”); be generated in CAMS using PDF, Excel, and CVS formats,
finished products prior to submitting to Area commands or Deployment Planning System (DPS) database. • 2 Medium Television Monitors (55”); which are updated live, based on what is inputted into CCAD.
bureau commanders. • 1 Medium Vertical Monitor (55”); This allows the user to track crime trends based on locations.
AM Watch, Officer-In-Charge: The CSOC Officer-In-Charge • 6 Department Computer Workstations;
Crime and Intelligence Analyst: A Crime and Intelligence (OIC) oversees the day-to-day operations of the CSOC and • Printer(s); and, • ArcGIS: ArcGIS is a platform that includes mapping
Analyst I (CIAN-I) and Crime and Intelligence Analyst II coordinates resources for the Area commanding officers. The • 1 Conference Telephone. functions and makes use of data from CAMS. ArcGIS queries
(CIAN-II) should be assigned to the CSOC for the preparation of OIC is guided by the needs of each Area and at the direction of the same information from CCAD but generates maps
crime maps and crime briefings. Additionally, the CIANs analyze the bureau assistant commanding officer. In addition to the above equipment, it is highly recommended depicting specific parameters. These parameters include, but
prior deployment numbers, crimes, crime trends for any given that an Area Command Center (ACC) be established to are not limited to, date, time, location, and crime types.
Area and assist with the identification of problem locations using PM Watch, Supervisor: During summer operations, which monitor deployed unit statuses, locations, and radio-call load.
the SARA model. CIANs should assist the Area CIANs with in- are dates dictated by the bureau assistant commanding It would be a valuable tool when re-allocating resources to • Deployment Planning System (DPS): The DPS is used for
depth analysis of the problem locations and with the assessment officer, a sergeant may be assigned from within the bureau unexpected occurrences. scheduling, deployment and timekeeping. Deployment of
after appropriate responses are undertaken at the Area level. to the CSOC. The PM Watch supervisor is responsible for personnel is entered daily into the DPS and should be updated
reallocating resources when the need arises. Absent a PM Systems throughout the day when there are personnel changes. Real-
Watch, the Chief Duty Officer (CDO) assigned for the bureau There are key systems that must be in place to generate the time deployment information is vital when completing a
should be included in any CSOC related emails or documents. appropriate reports needed to successfully operate a CSOC. resource deployment sheet for the command.
Those systems are listed below with a brief description of their
purpose within the CSOC:
• Investigative Systems: Investigative systems that bring

together Law Enforcement data from various sources, which
includes criminal history systems as well as Department-
generated crime, arrest, and field interview data.
APPENDIX ONE
Information Query
Processes & Products CCAD | RMS
CSOC shall be tasked with fulfilling the goals of Data-Informed, Supervisor’s Responsibilities
Community-Focused policing and by assisting the bureau CSOC supervisors shall review all Daily Crime Briefings and
commanding officer with crime reduction, increasing trust Daily Crime Maps prior to disseminating to Area personnel.
building, and assisting victims in the designated Areas. To
accomplish their mission, CSOC will analyze crime data and Products Produced Area Detectives CAMS ArcGIS
assist the Area commanding officers in the coordination of • Crime Maps with Overlays (CAMS/ArcGIS)
their crime-fighting and community engagement efforts. • Daily Crime Briefings (CAMS)
• Deployment Numbers by Area (DPS)
Operations
Ten hours per day, five days per week, between the hours of 0600 Preparations for the conference call are made during this time
and 1600. The CSOC Day Watch will provide crime analysis, frame. The CSOC extends an invitation to all units, sections,
investigative support, manage crime-reduction strategies, or outside agencies that may benefit from sharing information
prepare crime maps, and allocate Metropolitan, bureau, and (i.e. South Bureau Homicide Division, Los Angeles County
motor officer resources appropriately. Sheriffs, Transit Services Division). Since the conference calls
rely on the Crime Maps and Daily Crime Briefings, Area C/Os
Daily Operating Procedure should review the information for accuracy and be prepared to Mission Packet Daily Crime Briefs Daily Crime Maps
Pre-Conference Call Analysis discuss any noticeable trends or related incidents. CSOC will
Community Safety Operation Center personnel will prepare display, on their screens, Crime Maps, Daily Crime Briefings,
the Daily Crime Maps with overlays, Daily Crime Briefings per and Deployment Numbers by Area for the conference call
Area, and Deployment Numbers by Area.
Conference Call
Daily Crime Briefings encompass the goals and targets for The conference call shall be moderated by the CSOC staff. The
violent, property, and Part I Crimes. It provides weekly crime Area or patrol C/O from each Area is required to participate
stats with weekly goals, and a comparison of crime stats with and brief their Area’s crime statistics. It is recommended that
the prior year for the same weekly period. Weekly goals are the Bureau Chief, Commander, or representative be present to
calculated by dividing the annual goals for each crime divided better understand each Area’s needs.
by 52 weeks.
DPS
Discussions
Daily Crime Maps are generated for violent and/or property • Crime Trends (suspect/vehicle information,
crimes which occurred the day prior. The maps are usually weapon used, Modus operandi (MO), etc.)
highlighted in color with overlays for MO boxes. Crimes that • Related Incidents (gang related, ongoing disputes)
occurred earlier in the week are displayed in grey/black. • Crime Strategies (past and future)
• Community Engagement
Deployment Numbers by Area list will be generated by CSOC daily • Problem Solving projects
for each Area to assess the Area’s need for resources in respect • Street Segment analysis
to their deployment numbers and crime trends. Deployment • Deployment / Resources
numbers are retrieved from the Deployment Planning System • Calendar (Community Engagement, Upcoming Events)
for each Area and inserted into a spreadsheet. Those numbers are
then discussed during the conference call for any adjustments
Crime Maps and Daily Crime Briefings are reviewed by the

CSOC supervisor prior to disseminating to all of its Area COs.
Each Area will receive every Area’s Crime Map and Daily Crime
Briefing to discuss potential cross-boundary related incidents Deployment
or trends, during the conference call. Additionally, the CSOC Numbers (by area)
conducts a preliminary crime run to find out where best to
deploy available resources.
APPENDIX ONE
CSOC Workflow
CSOC
Post-Conference Call Analysis Periods of High Crime

Daily Deployment Daily Deployment Numbers
Crime Briefs Mission Sheets Crime Maps by Area
Immediately following the conference call, any Area receiving Based on analyses, commanding officers should anticipate
CSOC personnel resources shall submit a Mission Packet specific when they expect to experience an increase in one or more
to the resource they are receiving no later than 1300hrs. The crimes across the Bureau. For example, Operations-South
CSOC will review the Mission Packet for accuracy and relevant Bureau (OSB) has historically seen an uptick in violent crimes
information. It is imperative that Areas maintain a current and during the summer months. During this period, OSB CSOC
verified Mission Packet (accurate want/warrant flyers, stolen staffs a PM Watch Supervisor (Sergeant) to be a point of contact
vehicle info) in the event they are allocated resources. This for bureau-level support. The supervisor is selected from within
will expedite the issuance of the packets, and minimize errors. the bureau and is expected to monitor occurrences throughout
These packets are given to the incoming resources to guide their the bureau and redeploy resources to address rapidly developing
proactive efforts in a given hot spot. Once reviewed, CSOC will incidents. The OSB CSOC staffs their PM Supervisor from
forward the Mission Packet to Metropolitan Division and/or 1400 to 0000 hours, ensuring an overlap with the AM Watch to
Area resources. conduct a change of watch briefing. For those bureaus that do
Area not deploy a PM Watch, the responsibility of shifting resources
Resources are deployed by CSOC to specific missions under when needed will be that of the Chief Duty Officer assigned. It
the direction of the Area C/O receiving the resources. Upon will be the CSOC’s responsibility to forward all daily reports to
assigning the missions, CSOC will produce the Deployment the Chief Duty Officer of the day.
Missions sheet and distribute the sheet to all Area commands.
Other Reports
Supervisor’s Responsibilities Over Goal Analysis: Over-Goal reports are generated for any
Area supervisors shall review all Mission Packets submitted to crime type that has exceeded the weekly goal for that specific
CSOC personnel for accurate and up-to-date information. crime. This is a weekly report due to the CSOC on Tuesday
morning explaining the crime-type goal that was exceeded, with
Products Produced a summary of trends/patterns and the strategy the Area will
Weekly COP Over-Goal
Mission Packet Conference Call
• Deployment Missions utilize to not exceed their goal for the following week.
Crime Brief Analysis • Mission Packet (Areas)
Chief of Police Briefing: The Chief of Police (COP) Briefings
After the Mission Packet, Deployment Mission Sheets, and summarize all homicides and shootings with hits and provides
resources have been deployed, CSOC will focus on filing all crime statistics that occurred for the week. This is a weekly
documents, reports, and conference call notes related to the report that is due to the CSOC on Monday morning of
day’s operations. Additionally, the officers and crime analysts following week.
will analyze the information received, and assist the Area
commands with crime mapping, investigative system inquiries,
and social media monitoring. The CSOC will monitor any
developing incidents, unexpected occurrences, planned events,
and any other situations that may impact public safety and law
enforcement operations, and redeploy resources when needed.
CSOC
APPENDIX ONE
The bureau commanding officers will
conduct conference calls with Area
commanding officers...to discuss trends,
patterns, strategies, tactics, and
community events/engagement.
Products Defined Conference Call Mission Packets The CSOC model is a reflection of the Department’s
Deployment Numbers Sheet The purpose of the conference call is to prepare future Each Area produces a Mission Packet which includes the commitment to constant change, continuous
Shall provide the actualized deployment roster. Refer to command officers, share strategies and best practices currently following:
development of best practices, and redefining
Application Development & Support Division, Deployment employed throughout the bureau, and share missions and crime
Planning System (DPS) Deployment User Guide, dated December information. The bureau commanding officers will conduct • Deployment sheet with specific mission area assigned; standards that would best reflect local priorities
17, 2013, for instructions on how to create the Deployment conference calls with Area commanding officers as needed, • Recent crime information; while also addressing current community issues
Numbers Sheet. Monday through Friday, at 1100 hours unless circumstances • Wanted suspect(s); and concerns. The aforementioned procedures serve as
dictate otherwise. This will be to discuss trends, patterns, • Vehicles used in crimes of interest; a guideline to keep all CSOCs consistent in structure and
Daily Crime Maps strategies, tactics, and community events/engagement. • Recent stolen vehicle;
implementation while still capable of addressing fundamental
Are generated using CAMS and ArcGIS. Overlays include • Community engagement activities (walk, talk, engage)
MO boxes for summary of the crimes, and overlays for crimes Over Goal Analysis • Community events in mission Area; community issues and unique crime trends in different parts
committed earlier in the week should be maintained on the This document explains any crime type that exceeded its goals. • Metro supervisors meets with the Area watch commander at of the City. As innovations, technology, and best practices
running seven-day crime map. The explanation includes any trends or patterns that may have the start of shift; and, improve, the CSOC model must also be able to adapt and
contributed to the missed goal, as well as strategies in response • Senior officers meet with detectives to discuss crime. adjust as needed. Consistent with the Department’s Core
Daily Crime Briefings to the crime type and trends.
Value, “Quality Through Continuous Improvement,” the
Provide multiple tables with comparisons between the current Deployment Mission Sheet
year’s statistics and last year’s statistics year-to-date. The tables Weekly Chief of Police Crime Briefing The Deployment Mission Sheet identifies the mission locations CSOC model will continually strive to personify the shifting
also incorporate the annual, weekly, and daily crime goals for This briefing was originally intended to provide a summary that each Area has assigned to its units and bureau resources, times and best practices in modern policing.
different crime types. These tables are used to identify which of all homicides and shootings with hits. The briefing can be if any are assigned for the day. The mission locations should
crime types failed to stay below their goals. This information modified to encompass not only homicides, shootings with be identified in response to the crime types that did not
is then fed into the Over-Goal Analysis. hits, violent crime, but also any major Part I and/or property meet crime reduction goals, or are nearly failing their crime
crime trends affecting an Area. reduction goals, and should be discussed in the conference call.
Note: Refer to Compstat Division, CAMS Desktop Crime
Analysis Mapping System User Manual, dated October 30,
2008, on how to create Crime Maps and Crime Briefings.
APPENDIX TWO
Area Crime & Community
Intelligence Center (ACCIC) Guide
42 43 44
Introduction Personnel Area Crime & Community
· Data-Informed, · Supervisor Intelligence Center Build-Out
Community-Focused Policing · Crime Analyst(s) · Equipment
· Background · Police Officer(s) · Systems
· Purpose · Officer-In-Charge
45 47
Process and Products Daily Operation Procedure
· Operations
· Crime Maps Additional Ancillary Duties
· Resource Deployment
· Daily Crime Briefing
· Bureau CSOC Conference Call
· Information Gathering
· Information Sharing
· Intelligence Packet
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Area Crime & Community Intelligence Center
Organizational Chart
APPENDIX TWO
CIAN II
CIAN I
Supervisor
Detective
Commanding
Officer (OIC)
Detective II, or Sergeant Detective I
Supervisor PO III or PO II
Additional Resources
Introduction Personnel
Data-Informed, Community-Focused Policing Background Additionally, the CID officer(s) can create documents such as The following personnel, with specific system skills, should be
Based on input from the public, the Board of Police Historically, the CAD is a vital asset to each Area to assist Felony Warrant Hot Sheets, Crime Bulletin Hot Sheets, etc., to assigned to the ACCIC when feasible:
Commissioners (BOPC), the Mayor’s Office and the Chief with crime fighting strategies, as well as provide and distribute help assist officers when working a designated mission area. • Detective III, Detective II or Sergeant
of Police, the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD or pertinent information. The function of CAD is to review all • Crime and Intelligence Analyst II (CIAN II)
Department) is embarking on major improvements to better crime, arrests, and follow-up reports, and use the crime analysis The ACCIC is a combination of personnel from CAD and • Crime and Intelligence Analyst I (CIAN I)
balance trust and public safety. This change will involve the system(s) to identify and analyze crime trends, patterns, and CID. They will to work together to share the workload and • Detective I, Police Officer III or Police Officer II
development of more precise actions and measures based on possible series; maintain all active communication with all essentially become the “hub” of information within an Area.
research and evaluation. It will involve working closely with divisional personnel by providing information regarding When staffing the ACCIC, the specific skillsets and experiences
the community to identify problems, solve them, and assess emerging crime trends, patterns, and any series; share crime Goals and Principles the ACCIC personnel will need to know and utilize are: the
our success. arrests and suspect information; provide daily crime maps The goals and principles of the ACCIC are linked to the SARA model; mapping and analyzing crime trends and patterns;
to appropriate personnel; attend crime control briefings and Department’s Data-Informed, Community-Focused Policing ability to generate Crime Analysis and Mapping System (CAMS)
Although LAPD has been successful in driving down crime listen to the Community Safety Operations Center (CSOC) plan. They include the following: reports; understanding social media/open-source sites; and
in recent years, the idea of striving for improvement and conference calls. knowledge with using various systems for investigative purposes.
maintaining a high-quality service will permanently be one of Goals
our core values. Community members want more uniformity Additional CAD responsibilities consist of preparing maps, • Increase trust between the police and the public; The sworn supervisor, along with the CIAN II (if a CIAN
in community engagement efforts, as programs across the City crime summary reports, statistical reports and other products • Reduce crime, including gun and gang-related crimes; and, II is assigned to the Area) will have oversight of the work
varied in intensity and method. The Department seeks to fine- such as crime alerts, in custody bulletins, and community alert • Assist victims of crimes, including residents, businesses, and that is generated by the ACCIC before being submitting to
tune and harmonize our community engagement and crime notifications. The CAD is to establish and maintain liaison with those who are vulnerable to crime and disorder. Area Commanding Officers and Bureau Commanders. The
fighting efforts in an attempt to strike a balance between effective Department and outside agency CADs, relaying all the above supervisor(s) will also oversee the day-to-day operations of
policing and meaningful collaboration between the police and information to the appropriate personnel, as well as, assisting Purpose the ACCIC, and coordinate resources deployed within their
the people whom we have sworn to protect and serve. with investigations. Based on an Analyst’s skillset and training, The ACCIC is where all crime fighting and community respective Areas.
they can provide investigative help with cellphone detail record engagement strategies, information and intelligence sharing,
Procedural justice, public sentiment, and appropriate measures analysis and open-source intelligence techniques to locate and deployment of resources can be generated. Essentially,
of community perceptions are integral parts of Data-Informed, personal information on a specific individual under investigation. the ACCIC will have sworn and civilian personnel working
Community-Focused Policing. Department leaders will be together, sharing ideas and points of view to help with the
expected to know and explain the results of the research The CID is comprised of sworn personnel to assist CAD implementation of the SARA model, assess Area crime issues,
conducted on procedural justice and public sentiment in their with identifying crime issues, implementing crime fighting relay up-to-date information to all Area personnel, surrounding
Areas, with equal importance as has traditionally been given to strategies, and strategic resource deployment. The CID officers Areas and outside agency personnel. The dissemination of
crime statistics. can utilize their sworn background to be innovative in creating this information is vital in achieving the goals of increasing
and implementing crime fighting and community engagement trust between the police and the public, reducing crime, and
The establishment of Area Crime & Community Intelligence strategies for specific crime issues. assisting victims of crime.
Centers (ACCIC) within each of the 21 Areas assists in
creating the balance between effective crime control policing The CID officer(s) responsibilities are to strategically deploy Functioning correctly, an Area Captain will be able to speak
and meaningful collaboration between the police and the the appropriate daily resources within a specified mission with any of the personnel working the ACCIC and be briefed
public. The ACCIC combines the historical functions of the area, monitor effectiveness (absence of crime, intelligence on resource deployment, mission areas, 24-hour crime trends,
Crime Analysis Detail (CAD) and the Crime Intelligence gathered within the mission area, etc.), attend daily and weekly week-to-date crime numbers, specific crime issues, and wanted
Detail (CID). This manual provides uniformity and crime control briefings, share information and intelligence suspects, all within their command.
consistency across the ACCICs. It serves as a ‘how-to’ with all divisional personnel, as well as, keep continuous
guide for commanding officers. communication with all personnel within the Bureau and with
outside agencies; and, review mission specific Field Interview
(FI) cards and Investigative and Arrests Reports daily.
APPENDIX TWO
Process and Products
The Area Crime & Community Intelligence Center shall be ACCIC OIC Responsibilities: The ACCIC OIC shall advise
tasked with fulfilling the goals of Data-Informed, Community- every Area supervisor that the DPS shall be updated as soon as
Focused Policing and assisting the Area Commanding Officer practicable, as needed. The accuracy of the real-time resource
with crime reduction, increasing trust building, and assisting numbers is vital to the strategic deployment of resources.
victims within the Area. To accomplish their mission, the
ACCIC will analyze crime and other data and assist in the ACCIC Supervisor Responsibilities: The ACCIC Supervisor
coordination of strategic deployment of resources and crime will obtain and verify the Area’s resources utilizing the DPS
fighting and community engagement efforts. database. The Supervisor shall enter the up-to-date resource
Build-Out Operations
During weekday business hours, the ACCIC will prepare
numbers in the Resource Deployment sheet. After the crime
briefing discussions regarding mission assignments for the Area
resources, the Supervisor will provide the completed Resource
crime maps, attend crime briefings, provide crime analysis and Deployment sheet to the ACCIC personnel.
Equipment ArcGIS: ArcGIS is a platform that includes mapping functions investigative support, manage resources and implement crime
To facilitate the various systems and reports needed for conference and makes use of data from CAMS. This system queries the fighting and community engagement strategies. ACCIC Personnel Responsibilities: The ACCIC personnel will
calls and operations, the following is the recommended information from the CCAD and generates various maps be responsible for distributing the Resource Deployment sheet
equipment list at a minimum: depicting specific parameters. These parameters include, but are Crime Maps to their Area Commanding Officer, Area supervisors and their
• 4 Department computers not limited to: Crime maps are an essential tool to help identify daily crime, respective Bureau CSOC.
• 1 color printer • Date weekend crime, weekly crime, crime trends and patterns taking
• 1 or more television monitor(s) • Time place within the Area. The following crime maps shall be done Daily Crime Briefing: Every Area shall have crime briefings
• 1 white board • Location first thing in the morning and be distributed to specified Area (on weekdays) to discuss daily violent crime and property
• Crime types and bureau personnel: crime, weekly crime goals, crime trends and patterns,
Systems resource deployment and mission assignments, and crime
There are key systems that must be in place to generate the Deployment Planning System (DPS): The DPS is used for Daily Maps Produced: fighting and community engagement strategies. In attendance
appropriate reports needed to successfully operate an ACCIC. scheduling, deployment and timekeeping. Deployment of • Week-to-date crime map at the crime control briefings should include, but not limited
The specific systems and a brief description of their purpose are personnel is entered daily into the DPS and should be updated to, Area Commanding Officer, Detective Commanding
listed below: throughout the day when there are personnel changes. Real-time Monday Maps Produced: Officer, Detective table supervisors, Watch Commander(s),
deployment information is vital when completing a resource • Prior week crime type maps Senior Lead Supervisor and a minimum of one ACCIC
Crime Analysis and Mapping System (CAMS): An application deployment sheet for the Command. • Friday, Saturday, Sunday violent crime representative.
that queries crime-related data from the Consolidated Crime and property crime maps
Analysis Database (CCAD) to generate reports and crime Investigative Systems: There are numerous systems that can Bureau CSOC Conference Call
maps in different formats. There are multiple reports that can assist with intelligence gathering and investigations. Ongoing Resource Deployment The Bureau CSOC conference call shall be moderated by the
be generated in the CAMS using PDF, Excel, and CVS formats, training will be a necessity for all personnel assigned to the An Area’s ability to have real-time awareness of the available CSOC staff. The Area and/or Patrol Commanding Officer
which is updated live, based on the input into the CCAD. This ACCIC. deployable resources is paramount for successful day-to-day from each Area is required to participate and brief their Area’s
allows the user to track crime trends and patterns based on crime fighting strategies. Real-time resource management will crime statistics. It is encouraged a minimum of one ACCIC
locations. ensure the effectiveness when strategically deploying resources representative listen in on the CSOC conference call.
in designated mission areas and when there is a need to
immediately redeploy resources to a spontaneous event(s). Topics of Discussions
• Specific crime trends (suspect/vehicle information,
The ACCIC will be responsible for the daily management and weapon used, MO, etc.)
deployment of Area resources. The ACCIC personnel will work • Related incidents (gang related, ongoing disputes)
closely with the Area Commanding Officer to assign mission • Crime strategies (past, present and future)
areas, track resources and determine the best strategy for • Community Engagement
resource deployment. • Problem Solving projects
• Street Segment analysis
• Deployment of resources
• Calendar (Community engagements, Significant events, etc.)
APPENDIX TWO
ACCIC Daily
Operating Procedure
Information Gathering Information Sharing ACCIC OIC Responsibilities: The ACCIC OIC shall ensure Crime Maps
Effective mission creation and resource deployment depends The ACCIC will be utilized as the hub for information and ACCIC personnel are utilizing Department approved methods The ACCIC personnel shall prepare maps according to the
heavily on the consistent flow of information coming into the intelligence sharing. The ACCIC is responsible for sharing all for disseminating information and intelligence. The ACCIC following schedule:
ACCIC. Information may be received through various forms. pertinent information and intelligence within their command, OIC shall also be responsible for approving the information and
The following are examples of, but are not limited to: as well as, to represent the Area as the liaison when sharing intelligence that is to be disseminated outside of the Department. Daily Maps Produced
• Investigative Reports information and intelligence with surrounding Areas and ACCIC Supervisor Responsibilities: The ACCIC Supervisor • Week-to-date crime map
• Arrest Reports outside law enforcement agencies. shall be responsible for monitoring the daily information
• Field Interview cards and intelligence being shared to ensure full compliance with Monday Maps Produced
• Shooting protocols The ACCIC personnel will be responsible for disseminating Department policy. • Prior week Crime Type maps
• Daily Crime Intelligence Reports information and intelligence through various Department • Friday, Saturday, Sunday violent crime
• Roll call briefings approved methods. When disseminating information via email, ACCIC Personnel Responsibilities: The ACCIC personnel and property crime maps
• Crime control briefings the ACCIC personnel shall only use the Department assigned shall be responsible for sharing all pertinent information and • Resource Deployment
• Communication with patrol, specialized units, ACCIC email address. intelligence in a timely manner. All documents disseminated • Daily Crime Briefing
detectives, surrounding Area personnel, through the ACCIC shall be updated and continuously kept • Bureau CSOC Conference call
outside agency personnel, etc. The following are examples of, but not limited to, intelligence current. All information in regard to suspects in custody, stolen • Intelligence Gathering
documents that have been approved to email: vehicles recovered, etc., shall be made known to all personnel • Intelligence Sharing
ACCIC OIC Responsibilities: The ACCIC OIC shall ensure • Crime Alerts who were privy to the original information. • Intelligence Packet
a process is established within the Area to assist the ACCIC • Smart Boards
personnel in obtaining Department documents in a timely • Felony Warrants Intelligence Packet Additional Ancillary Duties
manner. • Crime Hot Sheet In the event an information packet is required to be sent to In addition to the primary duties assigned to the ACCIC,
• GTA Hot Sheet Bureau CSOC, the following shall be required to be included, but additional investigative support will be provided by ACCIC
ACCIC Supervisor Responsibilities: The ACCIC Supervisor • Mission sheets not limited to: personnel. Through the acquired skillset and training, the
shall oversee and assist with any obstacles that may arise • Daily mission maps ACCIC personnel will offer support to detectives, as well as,
when obtaining Department documents or in communicating In addition to disseminating information via email, the • Resource deployment sheet other investigative staff, with the following (but not limited to):
with patrol, specialized units, detectives, surrounding Area following are examples of, but not limited to, additional ways to • Crime Bulletins • Surveillance camera video pulls
personnel, or outside agency personnel. disseminate information: • Felony warrants • Social media monitoring (investigations only)
• Crime briefings • Crime Hot Sheet • PowerPoint presentations
Area Personnel Responsibilities: The ACCIC personnel will • Bureau CSOC conference calls • GTA Hot Sheet
be responsible for the daily review of the specified Department • Roll call briefings • Community engagement activities ACCIC personnel will also assist with investigative inquiries
documents. Collecting information and intelligence from these utilizing Department resources which include, but are not
documents will contribute to creating an effective mission, limited to:
resource deployment and overall crime reduction strategies. • Palantir
In addition to the Department documents, it is encouraged • Lexis-Nexis
that the ACCIC personnel interact verbally or via email with • ParoleLEADS
patrol, specialized units, and detectives to obtain additional • LInx
information and intelligence. • CalGangs
• VeriTracks
• CCHRS
Glossary Contributors
ACC Area Command Center FI Field Interview card The Office of Operations thanks the following individuals for their contribution to this guidebook.
ACCIC Area Crime & Community Intelligence Center HACLA Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles E. Acuna A. George R. Olortegui
Police Officer III, Southeast Area Police Officer III, Newton Area Clinical Psychologist II, Los Angeles County
AOLC Automated Officer Location Capture HOPE Homeless Outreach & Proactive Engagement
Department of Mental Health
V. Averaimo M. Grady
BJA Bureau of Justice Assistance IC Incident Commander
Senior Lead Officer, Transit Services Division Police Officer II, Hollywood Area J. Perez
BOPC Board of Police Commissioners IR Investigative Report Police Officer II, Transit Services Group
L. Barber E. Grijalva
CAD Crime Analysis Detail LAPD Los Angeles Police Department Senior Lead Officer, Newton Area Police Officer II, Wilshire Area E. Rocha
Police Officer III, Southwest Area
CCAD Consolidated Crime Analysis Database MO Modus operandi J. Bernardino J. Guerra
Police Officer II, Central Area Police Officer II, Central Area H. Rodriguez
CalDOJ California Department of Justice MPTF MacArthur Park Task Force Senior Lead Officer, Wilshire Area
J. Bratcher M. Guttilla
CAMS Crime Analysis Mapping System NCO Neighborhood Coordinating Officer Lieutenant II, 77th Street Area Sergeant I, Hollywood Area J. Ruiz
CBO Community-Based Organization NEA Neighborhood Engagement Areas M. Campos M. Hampton Senior Lead Officer, Southeast Area
CCAD Consolidated Crime Analysis Database NIBRS National Incident-Based Reporting System Police Officer III, Operations-South Bureau Police Officer II, Detective Support and Vice Division B. Scimone
Police Officer III, Emergency Services Division
CDO Chief Duty Officer NIJ National Institute of Justice F. Carrillo B. Handel
Sergeant I, Detective Support and Vice Division Police Officer II, Hollywood Area F. Talamantez
CFS Calls for Service OCB Operations-Central Bureau Senior Lead Officer, Newton Area
J. Carrillo G. Helper
CIAN Crime and Intelligence Analysts OIC Officer-in-Charge Police Officer III, Emergency Services Division Sergeant II, Central Area J. Terrazas
Police Officer III, Southeast Area
CID Crime Intelligence Detail OSB Operations-South Bureau Castañeda C. Hill
CO Commanding Officer OVB Operations-Valley Bureau Victim Advocate, Casa de la Familia Police Officer II, Hollywood Area A. Thompson
Police Officer III, Southeast Area
J. Cho M. Jun
COMPSTAT Comprehensive computer statistics OWB Operations-West Bureau
Police Officer II, Media Relations Division Police Officer II, Security Services Division H. Trotter
CORS Community Online Reporting Service RD Reporting District Police Officer III, Southeast Area
J. De la Torre A. Kim
CPTED Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design SARA Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment Police Officer II, Hollywood Area Senior Lead Officer, Southeast Area M. Villanueva
Sergeant I, Office of Operations
CRO Community Relations Office SLO Senior Lead Officer V. De la Torre L. Lavender
Police Officer III, 77th Street Area Sergeant II, Recruitment and Employment Division B. Virk
CSOC Community Safety Operations Center SSO Systematic Social Observations Police Officer II, Southwest Area
V. Escobedo Q. Mai
CSP Community Safety Partnership UCR Uniform Crime Reporting Sergeant I, Hollenbeck Area Police Officer II, Central Area D. Webb
DART Domestic Abuse Response Team USDOJ United States Department of Justice Police Officer II, Central Area
G. Espinoza M. May
DPS Deployment Planning System WC Watch Commander Police Officer II, Central Area Police Officer II, Transit Services Group I. Wecker
Police Officer III, Emergency Services Division
FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation R. Estevez M. Melgoza
Sergeant II, Office of Operations Police Officer II, Central Area W. Wheat
Police Officer I, Southwest Area
W. Faulkner K. Moore
Police Officer II, Recruitment and Employment Division Sergeant I, Hollenbeck Area M. Wheeler
Police Officer III+1,
J. Figueroa K. Mott
Detective Support and Vice Division
Police Officer II, Central Area Sergeant I,
Community Outreach and Development Division B. White
V. Flores
Senior Lead Officer, Hollywood Area
Police Officer III, Newton Area P. Murillo
Police Officer II, Wilshire Area R. Yanez
C. Garcia
Senior Lead Officer, Southeast Area
Police Officer III, Southwest Area M. Najera
Police Officer II, 77th Area D. Yi
F. Garcia
Police Officer II, Wilshire Area
Senior Lead Officer, Rampart Area B. Oliver
Police Officer III, Hollywood Area
Community Policing is based upon a partnership
between the police and the community whereby
the police and the community share responsibility
for identifying, reducing, eliminating and preventing
problems that impact community safety and order. By
working together, the police and the community can
reduce the fear and incidence of crime and improve
the quality of life in neighborhoods citywide.
50 D ATA - I N F O R M E D , C O M M U N I T Y- F O C U S E D P O L I C I N G I N T H E LO S A N G E L E S P O L I C E D E PA R T M E N T
Service to
Our Communities
We are dedicated to enhancing public safety
and reducing the fear and the incidence of
crime. We will work in partnership with the
people in our communities and do our best,
within the law, to solve community problems
that affect public safety.
Los Angeles Police Department

100 West First Street, Suite 1039
Los Angeles, CA 90012
(213) 486-0110

Data-Informed Community-Focused Policing: in The Los Angeles Police Department

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Data-Informed Community-Focused Policing: in The Los Angeles Police Department

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Data-Informed

CHIEF OF POLICE MICHEL R. MOORE

Hayley Smith Brent Maranto Monique Valenzuela

Kelly Muniz Albert Hoang David Gamero

and property of the people we serve, to reduce the

to improve their quality of life. Our mandate is to 29 Community

standards to maintain public confidence. 15 Chapter 4. Partnerships

Foreword: From the Chief

Chief Michel R. Moore

Community Safety Partnerships

Four Pillars of Community Partnerships

Community Outreach Youth Programs Safe Passage Public Safety

Responses these neighborhoods-not just in words, but in deeds. Police

By focusing on micro-geographic locations with high concentrations

and Crime success. In general, Area commanding officers will provide

In order to understand public sentiment, the Department is committed

• Investigative Systems: Investigative systems that bring

Processes & Products CCAD | RMS

Crime Maps and Daily Crime Briefings are reviewed by the

Post-Conference Call Analysis Periods of High Crime

Los Angeles Police Department

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