Understanding

Culture, Society and

Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Introducing Culture, Society and
Politics
Humanities and Social Science – Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Introducing Culture, Society and Politics
First Edition, 2020

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 Understanding
Culture, Society
and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Introducing Culture, Society and
Politics
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
(This gives an instruction to the facilitator to orient the learners and support the
parents, elder sibling etc. of the learners on how to use the module. Furthermore, this
also instructs the facilitator to remind the learners to use separate sheets in
answering the pre-test, self-check exercises, and post-test.)
For the learner:
(This communicates directly to the learners and hence, must be interactive. This
contains instructions on how to use the module. The structure and the procedure of
working through the module are explained here. This also gives an overview of the
content of the module. If standard symbols are used to represent some parts of the
module such as the objectives, input, practice task and the like they are defined and
explained in this portion.)

2
 What I Need to Know

This module was written for Understanding Culture, Society and Politics, a core
subjects in Senior High School under the K-12 Curriculum. This course uses
insights from Anthropology, Political Science, and Sociology to develop students’
awareness of cultural, social and political dynamics and sensitivity to cultural
diversity.

Module 1 provides some conceptual handles for understanding everyday

experiences and observation of culture, society and politics.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Starting Points for Understanding of Culture, Society and Politics
 Lesson 2 – Understanding the Concept of Culture, Society and Politics

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Articulate observations on human cultural variation, social
differences, social change and political identities through an introspective
learning
activity
2. Demonstrate curiosity and an openness to explore the
origins and dynamics of culture and society and political identities
3. Analyze social, political and cultural change
4. Recognize the common concerns or intersections of
anthropology, sociology and political science with respect to the
phenomenon of
change
5. Identify the subjects of inquiry and goals of Anthropology,
Political Science and Sociology
6. Explain anthropological and sociological perspectives on
culture and society
7. Describe society and culture as a complex whole.
8. Identify aspects of culture and society
9. Raise questions toward a holistic appreciation of cultures
and societies
10.Become aware of why and how cultural relativism
mitigates ethnocentrism
11.Identify forms of tangible and intangible heritage and their
threats

3
 What I Know

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Distinctive characteristic that defines an individual or is shared by those
belonging to a particular group.
a. Culture b. Identity c. Society d. Politics
2. It is a way of life.
a. Culture b. Identity c. Society d. Politics
3. Refers to a group of people living in a community.
a. Culture b. Identity c. Society d. Politics
4. Associated with how power is gained and employed to develop authority and
influence on social affairs
b. Culture b. Identity c. Society d. Politics
5. What is the benefit of having knowledge on the study of culture, society, and
politics?
a. To prepare people for active and responsible civic engagement.
b. To make people ethnocentric.
c. To change the way people view the world.
d. To provide people avenues for self-expression

Lesson Starting Points for Understanding

4
 1 of Culture, Society and Politics

What’s In

Welcome to the study of culture, society, and politics, As you move forward
in the discussions, you will begin to understand that your daily experiences are
connected with the realities and phenomena that define our society;

The events that have defined your lives up to the presents are a product of
the processes and interactions within our society. Social , cultural, and political
issues go beyond to its concept. As you learn the concepts, theories, and views that
shaped and fined how we view and examine the various aspects of Philippines
culture, society, and politics, you will realize that these topics have been closely
intertwined with our experiences

5
 What’s New

Sparkplug!
Have you ever wondered why some people are different from you and from
another? How will you describe your social background and identities?

ACTIVITY 1 WHO AM I?
Directions: Introduce yourself to your seatmate by telling him or her at least five of
your identities. Thinks of the first five things that come to mind when describing
yourself. You can start by thinking of your identity within your family (daughter or
son etc.), grade level, clubs or organization, religion, gender, and socio-economic
status. List them below.

1. ____________________________________

2. ____________________________________

3. ____________________________________

4. ____________________________________

5. ____________________________________

What is It

Identity

Identity is the distinctive characteristic that defines an

individual or is shared by those belonging to a particular group.
People may have multiple identities depending on the groups to
which they belong. In a family, for instance, one’s identity can be
that of daughter, son, brother or sister. In school, a person maybe
a member of the clubs or organization, an athlete, performer or
music.

Identity can also change over the course of person’s lifetime. It

continuously shaped and reshaped through the passage of time
as well as the context of one’s life cycle, including his or her
activities within the society and the interaction with other people.
Identities are important because they shape both individual and
group behavior as well as people’s view about other people and
society.

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 What’s More

Key Concept Culture, Society and Political Identities

The concept of identity is related to social, cultural and political change. For
instance, when Filipinos first held the election in the 1900’s , only Filipino males
could vote and participate in politics. However, when women become more
educated either here in the Philippines or abroad anywhere enlightened about their
rights, particularly the right to vote.

Rapidly advancing technology also has profound implications for

sociocultural and political change. Because people knew more about what is
happening elsewhere in the world, trends in clothing, hairstyle and food choices
among others have also been transformed.

The transformation of family structure as it believes that the house members

live in the same house. Transnational families, with members living in the different
parts of the world which had an increasing number that change the way of life of
traditional Filipino families.

Culture defined as a society’s way of life, provides the basis for forging
identities. It allows people to understand themselves in relation to others and
provides them a lens through they base what is considered the “right and wrong
way of doing things”. The term “society refers to a group of people living in a
community. According to MacIver and page “it is a web of social relationship, which
is always changing”. Politics is associated with how power is gained and employed
to develop authority and influence on social affairs. It can also be used to
promulgate guiding rules to govern the state. It is also a
tactic for upholding collaboration among members of a community, whether from
civil or political organizations.

7
Activity 2 Change is Coming!

Directions: Given the cultural elements, cite an example of cultural, social and
political changes in relation to the concept of identity. Your answers can be social
change only or it may vary in other two aspects.t The first one was given as an
example.

CULTURAL ELEMENTS ASPECTS OF CHANGE

1. Music Cultural
OPM to K POP Music brought a
major transformation in Filipino as
they more prefer to listen and watch
the KPOP
Social
Engaging to attend in the KPOP
concert.
2. Language

3. Food

4. Holidays

5. Religion

8
Activity 3
Directions: Cut a picture of public transportation means in Philippine
society across different eras depict the technological advancement, cultural, social
and political change in every society. Write a short explanation on each picture.

19th Century 20th Century 21st Century

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Key Concept Intersection of Anthropology, Sociology, and Political
Science

Anthropology is the study of humans, past and present. To understand the

full sweep and complexity of cultures across all of human history, anthropology
draws and builds upon knowledge from the social and biological sciences as well as
the humanities and physical sciences.

Franz Uri Boas was a German American anthropologist and a pioneer of

modern anthropology who has been called the "Father of American Anthropology”
His work is associated with the movement of anthropological historicism

Bronislaw Kasper Malinowski was a Polish anthropologist, one of the most

important 20th-century anthropologists. He has also been referred to as a
sociologist and ethnographer.

Alfred Reginald Radcliffe -Brown was an English social anthropologist who

developed the theory of structural functionalism and coadaptation

Branches of Anthropology
■ Cultural Anthropology. It deals with the study of the differences and
similarities of various cultures and how they correlate to each other. Study
of human culture
■ Biological Anthropology. It concerned the origin, evolution, and diversity of
people.
ancestry, development, genetic and other characteristics of human species
■ Archaeology. It refers to the scientific study of humans, their history and
culture, through examination of the artifacts, remains or left behind
Anthropological linguistics. It examines human languages

Sociology is the systematic study of social life., groups, and society. It is an

important academic discipline because it attempts to provide a deeper assessment
of both individual and group behavior and social phenomena by considering the
influences of economic, political and social factors.

History of Sociology as Science

Sociology emerged with the two of the most significant social and political
revolution in the history. The French Revolution of 1789, along with the Industrial
Revolution in England during the 18th century, tremendously changed people’s
lives.

Early Thinkers

August Comte (1798-1857) is the person who “invented” sociology in 1842, by

bringing together the Greek word socius or “companion” and the Latin word logy or
“study”. He originally used “social physics” as a term for sociology. Its aim was to
discover the social laws that govern the development of society.

Comte suggested that there were three stages in the development of societies,

10
namely the theological stage, the metaphysical stage, and the positive stage.

The founding mother of sociology is Harriet Martineau (1802-1876), an

English writer and reformist. In her accounts in her book How to Observe Morals
and Manners (1838), the deep sociological insights we call now ethnographic
narratives are fully expressed.

Karl Marx (1818-1883), a German philosopher and revolutionary further

contributed to the development of sociology. Marx introduced the materialist
analysis of history which discounts metaphysical explanation for historical
development. Before Marx, scholars explain social change through divine
intervention and the theory of “great men”.

Marx is the forerunner of the conflict theory. He wrote the Communist

Manifesto a book that is focused on the misery of the lower class (working class)
caused by the existing social order. He reiterated that political revolution was vital
in the evolutionary process of the society, the only means to achieve improvement
of social conditions.

Emile Durkheim (1864-1920) a French sociologist who put forward the idea
that individuals are more products rather than the creator of society; the society
itself is external to the individual. In his book Suicide, Durkheim proved that social
forces strongly impact on people’s lives and that seemingly personal event is not
personal after all.

Max Weber (1864-1920) Weber stressed the role of rationalization in the

development of society. For Weber, rationalization refers essentially to the
disenchantment of the world. As science began to replace religion, people also
adopted a scientific or rational attitude to the world. People refused to believe in
myths and superstitious beliefs

Political Science is the art of politics and governance (according to Aristotle it

is the study of state including its form of government, political system, political
behavior and political ideology

Fields in Political Science

■ Political Philosophy. It deals with the study of concepts such as politics

government, liberty and justice.

■ Comparative Government and Politics. Incorporates topics such as the

different forms of government found in different countries, evaluating the
advantages and disadvantages of it.

■ Public Administration. Administer the needs of the general public.

■ International Relations refers to diplomatic relations and practices among

the states
.
The works of Greek Philosophers such as Plato, and Aristotle as well as the
later Europeans thinkers such as Niccolo Machiavelli, Jean Jacques Rousseau,

11
Baron de Montesquieu, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Kars Marx are influential
in the field of political science.
ACTIVITY 4. Complete Me!
Directions: Complete the graphic organizer by writing the required information in
the space provided.

Discipline Description Significance Prominent

Scholars
Anthropology

Sociology

Political Science

Activity 5: Me and My Social Map

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 Directions: Starting with your present situation as a student, list
down 5 important factors that you think are responsible for the
kind of person you are right now. Start with what is unique in you
as a social person (not necessarily focusing on your biophysical
traits). Link each feature with societal, cultural, or political force.
Then evaluate each in terms of opportunities and constraints it
provides in pursuing your present and future plans. Use the table
below as a template for your assessment.

My unique features as a Types of social forces Assessment of effects

(does it provide opportunities or
social person responsible for these serve
(may include but are not limited as constraints?)
to features
sex/religion/residence) (is it societal/cultural/political?)

What I Have Learned

13
1. Identity is the distinctive characteristic that defines an individual or is
shared by those belonging to a particular group.
2. Identities are not fixed. Identity can also change over the course of person’s
lifetime. It continuously shaped and reshaped through the passage of time
as well as the context of one’s life cycle, including his or her activities within
the society and the interaction with other people.
3. The concept of identity is related to social, cultural and political change.
4. Rapidly advancing technology also has profound implications for
sociocultural and political change. Because people knew more about what
is happening elsewhere in the world, trends in clothing, hairstyle and food
choices among others have also been transformed.
5. Culture defined as a society’s way of life, provides the basis for forging
identities The term
6. Society refers to a group of people living in a community.
7. Politics is associated with how power is gained and employed to develop
authority and
influence on social affairs. It can also be used to promulgate guiding rules
to govern the state.
8. Anthropology is the study of humans, past and present. To understand the
full sweep and complexity of cultures across all of human history,
anthropology draws and builds upon knowledge from the social and
biological sciences as well as the humanities and physical
sciences.
9. Sociology is the systematic study of social life., groups, and society. It is an
important academic discipline because it attempts to provide a deeper
assessment of both individual and group behavior and social phenomena by
considering the influences of economic, political and social factors.
10.Political Science is the art of politics and governance (according to Aristotle
it is the study of state including its form of government, political system,
political behavior and political ideology.

14
 What I Can Do

Activity 6: Turning Personal Problems into Societal

Problems
Directions:
1.List down at least 3 personal problems that have experienced.
2. Are any of these personal troubles also social problems? Which
ones and why?
3. Identify the solutions to these social problems

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Distinctive characteristic that defines an individual or is shared by those

belonging to a particular group.
a. Culture b. Identity c. Society d. Politics
2. It is a way of life.
a. Culture b. Identity c. Society d. Politics
3. Refers to a group of people living in a community.
a. Culture b. Identity c. Society d. Politics
4. Associated with how power is gained and employed to develop authority
and influence on social affairs
a. Culture b. Identity c. Society d. Politics
5. What is the benefit of having knowledge on the study of culture, society,
and politics?
a. To prepare people for active and responsible civic engagement.
b. To make people ethnocentric.
c. To change the way people view the world.
d. To provide people avenues for self-expression.
6. Which statement does not adhere to an anthropological meaning of
culture?
a. It is manifested through both tangible and intangible evidence of
human existence.
b. It includes our norms, the standards or rules of acceptable behavior.
c. It is what gives form and identity to a group or community of people.
d. It is constant and capable of withstanding the threats of change.
7. Why is the study of anthropology important in understanding culture
and society?
a. It gives people an avenue to know who they are as social beings and
understands why they behave the way they do.
b. It provides people opportunities to learn practical measures on how to
live a productive life.
c. It makes people appreciate the sacrifices made by our national and
local heroes.
d. It makes people aware of their stories of their origin and whereabouts.
8. A systematic study of social life., groups, and society.

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 a. Sociology b. Anthropology c. Political Science d. Culture
9. An art of politics and governance (according to Aristotle it is the study of
state including its form of government, political system, political behavior
and political ideology
a. Sociology b. Anthropology c. Political Science d. Culture
10.As students, what can you do to help preserve our culture and
traditions?
a. I will copy the culture of other countries that I see on TV, especially those
portrayed in my favorite shows.
b. I will continue to learn more about our culture and continue to practice it
and influence others to do the same.
c. I will just continue using the internet; culture does not matter to me
because we live in the modern times now.
d. I can’t do anything because I’m still too young.

Additional Activities

Write an essay discussing how social, cultural and political change had
an impact on your identity as an individual and a member of the society.

Lesson Understanding the

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2 Concepts of Culture,
Society and Politics
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and
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16
closer look at society and culture. Understanding how individuals’
behave, interact and develop within societies can enlightened us
on the factors, forces and process that encourage and hinder the
progress of societies and culture in today’s world.

What’s In

Culture, society and politics are related in everyday life. Each

person interacts meaningfully with one another as members of
society. Culture is a product of social interactions of the people.
Hence, these interactions among individuals and groups
associated with their duties, responsibilities and privilege.

What’s New

Society and Culture

Society is group of individuals sharing a common culture,

geographical location and government. August Comte the father
of sociology saw society as a social organism possessing a
harmony of structure and function. Emile Durkheim the founding
father of the modern sociology treated society as a reality in its
own right.

According to Talcott Parsons Society is a total complex of

human relationships in so far as they grow out of the action in
terms of means-end relationship intrinsic or symbolic. Morris
Ginsberg defines society as a collection of individuals united by
certain relations or mode of behavior which mark them off from
others who do not enter into these relations or who differ from
them in behavior. Cole sees society as the complex of organized
associations and institutions with a community. According to
Maclver and Page society is a system of usages and procedures of
authority.

What is It

Five Major Types of Societies According to How They

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Changed and developed Overtime

1. Hunting and Gathering Communities date as far

back as several million years ago and considered as the
first societies. The basic and social economic units
were the family and the local clan which organized
hunting and gathering activities and distributed the
accumulated food supply.

2. Horticultural and pastoral societies. The

introduction of agriculture as a more stable food
production method. Horticultural societies relied on
the cultivation of plants as their primary source of
food, while pastoral societies depended on the
domestication of animals. These types of societies
emerge the early civilizations in Mesopotamia and
China.

3. Agricultural Societies. Food production became more

efficient due to the new methods of farming, the
invention of more advance tools and the establishment
of permanent settlements.

4. Industrial Societies. Industrial Revolution in the alter

half of 18th century transformed the agricultural
societies to industrial societies. Invention of machines
that improved production as technological
advancement during that time.

5. Post-Industrialist Societies. In the latter of the 20th

century, many countries became a post -industrialist
societies of many countries, where knowledge is a
commodity and technological innovation is key to
lasting growth and development.

The Complexity of Culture

Culture is a people’s way of life. This classic definition appears

generic, yet prefigures both the processes and structures that
account not only for the development of such a way of life, but
also for the inherent systems that lend it its self-perpetuating
nature.

According to British literary scholar, Raymond Williams, the

first thing that one has to acknowledge in defining culture is that
culture is ordinary. This means that all societies have a definite
way of life, a common way of doing and understanding things.
Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for
behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the
distinctive achievement of human groups, including their
embodiment, in artifacts, ideas and their attached values.

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Elements of Culture

To understand culture, it is necessary to understand the

different elements that compose it:

Symbols- refers to things that convey meaning or represent an

idea. They are essential in communication, sharing thoughts and
ideas and defining society’s culture.
Language- set of symbols that enables members of the society to
communicate verbally and non-verbally.
Knowledge – It refers to any information received and perceived
to be true.
Beliefs- The perception of accepted reality. Reality refers to the
existence of things whether material or nonmaterial
Social Norms- These are established expectations of society as to
how a person is supposed to act depending on the requirements
of the time, place, or situation.

Different forms of Social Norms

Folkways—The patterns of repetitive behavior which becomes

habitual and conventional part of living.
Mores—The set of ethical standards and moral obligations as
dictates of reason that distinguishes human acts as right or
wrong or good from bad.
Values—Anything held to be relatively worthy, important,
desirable, or valuable.
Technology—The practical application of knowledge in converting
raw materials into finished products.
Laws- norms that legally enacted and enforced.

Categories of Culture

1. Material Culture is composed of the physical or

tangible objects produced, shared, and utilized
within the society such as tools, or implements,
paintings, and other works of art, architectural
style, weaponry and toys.

2. Nonmaterial Culture consists of intangible properties

and elements of society that influence the patterns of
action and behavior of its members. Example of its are
language, beliefs, values, attitudes, ideas and norms
shared among members of the society.

Aspects of Culture

Since culture is very complex, there are important aspects of

culture that contribute to the development of man’s social
interaction.

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 Dynamic, flexible and adaptive to the realities of the present
context. Context refers to particular circumstances of a certain
culture and is defined by location, weather, time period, and other
factors .
 Shared and contested
 Learned through socialization or enculturation. Socialization
refers to the life long process of forging identity through social
interaction. Enculturation refers to the process by which an
individual learns or acquires the important aspects of his or her
society’s culture.
 Patterned social interactions
 Integrated and at times unstable
 Transmitted through socialization
 Requires language and other forms of communication

Sociological Approach to the Study of Culture and Society

Sociology relates culture with the overall context of social

order. There are three major perspectives in Sociology that explain
this order.

1. The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective. It is

also known as symbolic interactionism, directs
sociologists to consider the symbols and details of
everyday life, what these symbols mean, and how
people interact with each other. It traces its
origins to Max Weber's assertion that individuals
act according to their interpretation of the
meaning of their world, the American philosopher
George H. Mead (1863–1931) introduced this
perspective to American sociology in the 1920s.

According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, people

attach meanings to symbols, and then they act according to
their subjective interpretation of these symbols. Verbal
conversations, in which spoken words serve as the
predominant symbols, make this subjective interpretation
especially evident.

2. The Functionalist Perspective. It is also called

structural functionalism, each aspect of society is
interdependent and contributes to society's functioning
as a whole. Functionalists believe that society is
held together by social consensus, or cohesion, in
which members of the society agree upon, and work
together to achieve, what is best for society as a whole.
Emile Durkheim suggested that social consensus takes
one of two forms:

 Mechanical solidarity is a form of social cohesion that

arises when people in a society maintain similar values and

20
 beliefs and engage in similar types of work.

 Organic solidarity is a form of social cohesion that arises

when the people in a society are interdependent, but hold to
varying values and beliefs and engage in varying types of
work.

3. The Conflict Perspective. The conflict theory, which

originated primarily out of Karl Marx's writings on class
struggles, presents society in a different light than do the
functionalist and symbolic.

Today, conflict theorists find social conflict between any

groups in which the potential for inequality, exists: racial,
gender, religious, political, economic, and so on. Conflict
theorists note that unequal groups
usually have conflicting values and agendas, causing them to
compete against one another. This constant competition
between groups forms the basis for the ever-changing nature
of society.

Society and Culture According to Anthropology

Traditionally, many anthropologists believed that culture is a

seamless whole that is well-integrated with the rest of social
system and structures. Anthropology examines and provides
explanations for the existence of different cultural patterns as
wells as the similarities and differences between different
cultures.

Anthropologists have adopted two major views with regards to

how cultures should be considered in comparison to others.

1.Relativistic approach considers cultures as equal. This

view holds that there are no “superior and “inferior
cultures, and each is unique in its own way

2. Ethnocentric approach is the belief that one’s native

culture is superior to other cultures. Ethnocentric
societies tend to have a negative view of other countries
and people.

The range of variations between culture is almost endless and

yet at the same time cultures ensemble one another in many
important ways. Cultural variation is affected by man’s
geographical set-up and social experiences. Cultural Variation
refers to the differences in social behaviors that different culture
exhibit around the world

There are two important perceptions on cultural variability

namely
ethnocentrism and cultural relativism.

21
 1. Ethnocentrism- It is a perception that arises from the fact
that cultures, differ and each culture defines reality differently.
Judging another culture solely by the values and standards of
one’s own culture.

2. Cultural Relativism- The attempt to judge behavior

according to its cultural context. The principle that an individual
person’s beliefs and activities should be understood by others in
terms of that individual’s own culture.

Xenocentrism and Xenophobia

Xenocentrism refers to preference for the foreign. In this

sense it the opposite of ethnocentrism. It is characterized by a
strong belief that one’s own products, styles, or ideas are inferior
to those which originate elsewhere. Xenophobia is the fear of
what is perceived as foreign or strange.

Society and Culture According to Anthropology

Political Science also examines culture as vital aspect of

society. Culture, together with political socialization is analyzed in
order to explain political behavior such as voting patterns and the
behavior of leaders. The rise of multiculturalism, an ideology that
acknowledge and promotes cultural diversity within the society.
Multiculturalism entails the establishment of political groups and
institutions comprised of people from diverse cultures.

Cultural Sensitivity is awareness and acceptance of cultural

differences but encourages critical stance in dealing with issues
regarding diversity. This view believes that not all cultural
practices, traditions and views can be integrated, and that
distinct cultures can harmoniously co exists in society.

What’s More

Activity 1: Key Term Quiz

22
Direction: Identify what is being asked.

___________1. It a is group of individuals sharing a common

culture, geographical location and government.
___________2. Types of societies which the basic and social
economic units were the family and the local clan organized
hunting and gathering activities and distributed the accumulated
food supply.
___________3. In this type of societies, invention of machines that
improved production as technological advancement during that
time.
___________4. Societies relied on the cultivation of plants as their
primary source of food and depended on the domestication of
animals.
___________5. It is the set of beliefs, ideas, practices, knowledge,
history and shared experiences, attitudes and material objects
and possession accumulated over time and shared by the
members of the society.
___________6. Set of symbols that enables members of the society
to communicate verbally and non-verbally.
___________7. These are established expectations of society as to
how a person is supposed to act depending on the requirements
of the time, place, or situation.
___________8. The practical application of knowledge in converting
raw materials into finished products.
___________9. Refers to the life long process of forging identity
through social interaction
____________10. Refers to the process by which an individual
learns or acquires the important aspects of his or her society’s
culture.

Activity 2: Critical Analysis

Direction: Analyze the given situation. Identify the sociological
perspectives use in the following examples.

_________________1. The wedding ring means a never ending love

of the married couple.
_________________2. The lines and black dots in a music was
written to organize notes in such way to make sense of music
_________________3. The government provides education for the
children of the family, which in turn pays taxes on which the
state depends to keep itself running
_________________4. The family is dependent upon the school to
help children grow up to have good jobs so that they can raise
and support their own families.
_________________5. State colleges and universities raising tuition
to pay for secret programs that raise the prestige of the
universities as self-serving rather than as beneficial for students.

Activity 3: Our Culture, Our Heritage

Directions: Identify two Philippine cultural heritages under threat
—one tangible (material culture) and one intangible (non-material
Culture). For both, identify the threats and their sources, and

23
then come up with a plan of action on how to deal with these
threats. Write your output on the table.

HERITAGE THREATS PALN OF ACTION

Material Culture

Non-material
Culture

Activity 4 You Complete Me!

Directions: Complete the graphic organizer by writing the required
information in the appropriate spaces.

TERM DEFINITION EXAMPLES

Ethnocentrism

Xenocentrism

Cultural Relativism

24
Multiculturalism

Cultural Sensitivity

What I Have Learned

1. Society is group of individuals sharing a common

culture, geographical location and government.
2. There are five major’s types of societies according
to how they changed and developed overtimes:
hunting and gathering communities; horticultural
and pastoral societies; agricultural societies;
industrial societies; and post indusial societies.
3. Culture is a people’s way of life.
4. The elements of culture are symbols, language,
knowledge, beliefs and social norms
5. Folkways, mores, vales, technology and laws are
the different social norms.
6. Culture can be categorized as material and non-
material.
7. There are important aspects that contribute to the
development of man’s social interaction.
8. Culture are acquired through the process of
socialization and enculturation.
9. Sociology relates culture with the overall context
of social order. There are three major perspectives
in Sociology that explain this order namely

25
 symbolic interactionist perspective, functionalist
perspective and the conflict perspectives.
10. Ethnocentric and xenocentric view which believe
in the notion that a culture maybe superiors or
inferior to other cultures.

What I Can Do
Directions: Complete the unfinished sentences to
summarize the lesson.
1. The lesson was about……
2. One key idea was…..
3. This is important because…..
4. This matters because…..

Assessment

Directions: True or False. Write the word CULTURE if

the statement is true. Write the word SOCIETY if it is false.

___________1. Mutually interdependent relationships can be

formed among members of the society
___________2. Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of
and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols,
constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups.
___________3. Horticultural and pastoral societies relied largely in
hunting and gathering of foods.
___________4. Colonial mentality is an example of ethnocentrism
___________5. The declaration of the Eid al-Fitr as national holiday
is an example of cultural sensitivity.
___________6. Functionalist perspective believes that culture
provides shared meanings through symbols, society ensures
social order.
___________7. The idea of William Howard Taft referred the
Filipinos as “little brown brothers” who needed to supervise in
establishing the society and government is an example of
ethnocentrism.
___________8. The preservation of local language and the
recognition of it by the national government is an example of
multiculturalism.

26
___________9. Story of Malakas at Maganda is an example of
mores.
___________10. Values is a set of symbols that enables members of
the society to communicate verbally and non-verbally

Additional Activities

Observation Exercise

For an hour, sit down in a place in your community and

observe how people conduct themselves that place. Take note of
the unwritten rules of decorum and propriety. Avoid being
observed by those you are observing, otherwise you might not get
the data you are looking for. Write down your observations notes.

27
 Answer Key : Lesson 1

Assessment What I Know

1. B 1. B
2. A 2. A
3. C 3. C
4. D 4. D
5. A 5. A
6. A
7. A
8. A
9. C
10. D

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 Answer Key : Lesson 2

Assessment Activity 1 Activity 2

1. CULTURE 1. Society 1. Symbolic
2. CULTURE 2. Hunting and Interactionist
3. SOCIETY Gathering 2. Symbolic
4. SOCIETY 3. Industrial Interactionist
Societies 3. Functionalist
5. CULTURE
4. Agricultural 4. Functionalist
6. SOCIETY societies
7. CULTURE 5. Conflict
5. Culture
8. CULTURE 6. Language
9. SOCIETY 7. Social Norms
10.SOCIETY 8. Technology
9. Socialization
10. Enculturation

29
References

Anne Lan Candelaria, Jose Jowel Canuday, Czarina Saloma, Nico N Aquino, Kalena Lorene Asis, Evelyn
V. Avila, Elisa Bustamante. (2016). Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. Pasig:
Department of Education.

Bangasin, J. (2019). Academia. Retrieved May 2, 2020, from Academia Education:

https://www.academia.edu/37178410/Understanding_Culture_Society_and_Politics_1

Deaprtment of Education. (2016, July). Learning Resource Portal. Retrieved May 2, 2020, from
LRMDS DepEd: https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/

Delgado, J. (2019). Academia. Retrieved May 2, 2020, from Academia Education:

https://www.academia.edu/36818200/Understanding_Culture_Society_and_Politics_Lesson
_Plan_Q

John, M. (2018). Steemit. Retrieved May 2, 2020, from Steemit.com:

https://steemit.com/writing/@marcjohn/mid-term-understanding-culture-society-and-
politics

Ludai-Condina, L. (2018). Academia. Retrieved May 2, 2020, from Academia Edu:

https://www.academia.edu/38141121/FINAL_EXAM_ON_Understanding_Culture_Society_a
nd_Politics_12.d

Maria Ela Atienza, Ph.D, Ruth Lusterio-Rico, Ph.D, Aries Arugay, Ph.D, Jean Encinas Franco,Ph D,
Dennis Quilala. (2016). Understanding Culture , Society and Politics. Quezon City: C &E
Punlishing Inc.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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