A A Seminar Seminar On On: "Mimo Ofdm " "Mimo-Ofdm "
A A Seminar Seminar On On: "Mimo Ofdm " "Mimo-Ofdm "
A
Seminar
on
“MIMO OFDM ”
“MIMO-OFDM
Presented by
Mr Arjun Nichal
Mr.Arjun
Contents
¾ Requirements of wireless world
¾ FDM(Frequency Division Multiplexing)
¾ OFDM(O th
OFDM(Orthogonal
l FFrequency Di
Division
ii M Multiplexing)
lti l i )
¾ MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output)
¾ Combined model of MIMO-OFDM
¾ Applications
¾ Conclusion
Requirements of wireless world
¾ Data rate
100 Mb/s for moving client
1 Gb/s for fixed client
¾ Spectrally efficient
¾ High quality of service
¾ System implementation cost should be less
FDM(Frequency Division Multiplexing)
Fig Frequency division multiplexing
Fig.
¾ Each signal is modulated to a different carrier frequency
¾ Carrier frequencies separated so signals do not overlap (guard bands)
Drawbacks of FDM
Fig. FDM Spectrum
¾ Guard band reduces the spectrum efficiency
¾ Intersymbol Interference
Why OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplexing)?
¾ Spectrally efficient & offers high data rate
¾ Capable to remove the interference.
¾ Filter used for separating the subcarrier conveniently implemented
¾ Solves the multipath-propagation problem
OFDM
¾ Multi-carrier modulations that use orthogonal waveform
f modulating
for d l i the h sub-carriers
b i are called
ll d orthogonal
h l
frequency division multiplex (OFDM) schemes
¾ A form of Multicarrier Modulation.
¾ Different symbols are transmitted over different
subcarriers
¾ Spectra overlap, but signals are orthogonal.
OFDM Spectrum
Fig. FDM Vs OFDM Spectrum
OFDM Transreceiver model
Fig. OFDM Transreceiver model
ICI(Inter--Carrier Interference)
ICI(Inter
¾ ICI caused due to loss in orthogonality
Fig. Cyclic prefix
¾ Cyclic prefix is a copy of the last part of the OFDM symbol
¾ Used to maintain the receiver carrier synchronization
Advantages of OFDM
¾ Efficiently Deals With Multi-path Fading
¾ Solves the ISI problem
¾ Enhanced Channel Capacity
¾ Better synchronization at transmitter and receiver
¾ Robustness to Narrowband Interference
Disadvantages of OFDM
¾ More complex than single
single-carrier
carrier modulation
¾ High sensitivity inter
inter-channel
channel interference,
interference ICI
¾ OFDM is sensitive to frequency,
frequency clock and phase
offset
MIMO
Fig. Simple MIMO system
¾ Use multiple transmit and multiple receive antennas for a
single user
¾ Now this system promises enormous data rates!
MIMO
¾ Spatial multiplexing MIMO
DSP R di
Radio R di
Radio D
Bit S Bit
Bits Bits
Split Merge
DSP Radio Radio p
TX RX
Fig. Spatially multiplexing MIMO
¾ Multiple
p independent
p link between Transmitter & Receiver
¾ There are cross path between antenna
MIMO system model for two Transmit
& Receive
R antenna
h11
User data stream h12 User data stream
h21
h22
s1 y1
s2 y2
Transmitted vector ‘s’ Received vector ‘y’
y = Hs + n
h11 h12
Where H =
h21 h22
Advantages of MIMO
¾ High data rate 1Gbps
¾ At the same time, they provide reliable communications
¾ High SNRs.
¾ Higher data rate in fading zone
¾ Provides high bandwidth.
MIMO--OFDM combined model
MIMO
T1
T2
Wireless channel
R1
R2
Fig. OFDM-MIMO combined model
MIMO--OFDM Block outputs
MIMO
x (n ) = IDFT {X (k )}
1. Input to Time Domain
n = 0 ,1, 2 ,..., N − 1
⎧x(N+n), n =−Ng,−Ng +1,...,−1
2. Guard Interval xf (n) =⎨
⎩x(n), n =0,1,...,N−1
3. Channel y f = x f (n) ⊗h(n) + w(n)
4. Guard Removal y(n) = yf (n) n=0,1,...,N−1
5 Output to Frequency
5.
Y (k ) = DFT {y (n )}
Domain k = 0 ,1, 2 ,..., N − 1
Y (k ) = X (k )H (k ) + I (k ) +W(k )
6 Output
6.
k = 0,1,...,N −1
Y(k)
7. Channel Estimation Xe(k) = k =0,1,...,N−1
He(k)
Applications of MIMO
MIMO--OFDM
¾ MIMO-OFDM radar for direction estimation
Orthogonal waveforms
Fig. MIMO-OFDM Radar
Applications of MIMO
MIMO--OFDM
¾ Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting
Less multipath distortion
R d d interference
Reduced i f
¾ 4G(Forth Generation)
¾ Wireless LAN
Conclusion
¾ MIMO-OFDM
MIMO OFDM is a efficient wireless system
¾ Efficient use of the available bandwidth since the
subchannels are overlapping
¾ MIMO-OFDM used for highest data rate applications
¾ It provides reliable communication
References
¾ A.A. Kishk & A.W. Glisson “MIMO-OFDM radar for direction estimation”
IET Radar Sonar Navig ,vol. 4, no.1, pp. 28–36,April 2009.
¾ Chih-Hung Lin, Robert Chen-Hao Chang, “Implementation of Channel
Estimation for MIMO-OFDM Systems”, IEEE Transaction on broadcasting,
vol.9, no.1,pp.42-44, 2010.
¾ Jian Xu,
Xu Sang-Jin
Sang Jin Lee,
Lee Woo - Seok Kang & Jong-Soo
Jong Soo Seo,
Seo “Adaptive
Adaptive Resource
Allocation for MIMO-OFDM Based Wireless Multicast Systems”, IEEE
Transactions on broadcasting, vol. 56, no. 1, march 2010.
¾ Textbook by Mischa Schwartz, “Mobile Wireless Communications”, page
no.129-134.
¾ http://www.wikipedia.com
THANK YOU!
