An American National Standard

Designation: F 1545 – 97e1

Standard Specification for

Plastic-Lined Ferrous Metal Pipe, Fittings, and Flanges1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1545; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

e1 NOTE—Section 9 was editorially updared in December 2002.

1. Scope 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.1 This specification covers factory-made plastic-lined fer- safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
rous metal pipe, fittings, and flanges intended primarily for responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
conveying corrosive fluids. Requirements for materials, work- priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
manship, dimensions, design, fabrication, working pressure bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and temperatures, test methods, qualification requirements, and 2. Referenced Documents
markings are included.
1.1.1 This specification does not define the suitability of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
different liner materials to various chemical and operating A 48 Specification for Gray Iron Castings2
environments. Refer to the manufacturer’s chemical resistance A 53 Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped,
data for suitability recommendations. Zinc-Coated Welded and Seamless3
1.1.2 This specification does not include products coated A 105 Specification for Forgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping
with plastics. Components3
1.2 This specification covers plastic-lined pipe, flanges, and A 106 Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for
fittings as listed in Table 1. Pressure limitations shall be in High-Temperature Service3
accordance with ANSI/ASME B16 Standards, except reduced A 126 Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Valves,
pressure limitations may be established by the manufacturer, Flanges, and Pipe Fittings2
considering both pressure and temperature limitations of the A 135 Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel
ferrous metal housing and the sealing ability of the liner. Pipe3
A 182/A 182M Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy-
NOTE 1—In this specification, propylene plastics cover those materials Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts
defined as both polypropylene plastics and propylene plastics in Termi-
for High-Temperature Service3
nology F 412. Both materials are identified as “PP” on the product. Note
that this is at variance with Terminology D 1600, where “PP” is the A 216/A 216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon,
abbreviation for polypropylene. Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Ser-
vice3
1.3 The plastic-lined flanged pipe and fitting assemblies are
A 234/A 234M Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought
limited to temperatures shown in Table 2. End users should
Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and Elevated
consult with manufacturers as to the likely result of using a
Temperatures3
particular lined piping component at temperatures below the
A 278 Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Pressure-
rated minimum.
Containing Parts for Temperatures Up to 650°F2
NOTE 2—The temperature limitations are based on noncorrosive test A 312/A 312M Specification for Seamless and Welded Aus-
conditions. Use in specific aggressive environments may alter temperature tenitic Stainless Steel Pipes3
limitations. In such instances, specific temperature limits shall be estab- A 351/A 351M Specification for Castings, Austenitic,
lished by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex), for Pressure-Containing
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded Parts3
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided A 395 Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure-
for information only. Retaining Castings for Use at Elevated Temperatures2
A 403/A 403M Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stain-
less Steel Piping Fittings3
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-17 on Plastic
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.11 on
Composites.
2
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1997. Published August 1998. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02.
3
published as F 1545 – 95. Last previous edition F 1545 – 96. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 F 1545 – 97e1
TABLE 1 Specification Coverage D 3159 Specification for Modified ETFE-Fluoropolymer
Material ANSI Class Nominal Pipe Size, in. Molding and Extrusion Materials5
(mm) D 3222 Specification for Unmodified Poly(Vinylidene
Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene 150/300 1 to 10 (25 to 254) Fluoride) (PVDF) Molding, Extrusion, and Coating Mate-
Copolymer (ETFE)
Perfluoro (Alkoxyalkane) 150/300 1 / 2 to 12 (13 to 305)
rials5
Copolymer (PFA) D 3307 Specification for PFA-Fluorocarbon Molding and
Perfluoro (Ethylene-Propylene) 150/300 1 to 12 (25 to 305) Extrusion Materials5
Copolymer (FEP)
Poly(Vinylidene Chloride) (PVDC) 125/150/300 1 to 8 (25 to 203)
D 4101 Specification for Propylene Plastic Injection and
Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) 150/300 1 to 10 (25 to 254) Extrusion Materials5
Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) 150/300 1 to 10 (25 to 254) D 4894 Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
Copolymer (PVDF)
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 150/300 1 / 2 to 24 (13 to 610)
Granular Molding and Ram Extrusion Materials6
Propylene and Polypropylene (PP) 125/150/300 1 / 2 to 16 (13 to 406) D 4895 Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
Resins Produced from Dispersion6
D 5575 Specification for Copolymers of Vinylidene Fluo-
TABLE 2 Temperature Specifications ride (VDF) with Other Fluorinated Monomers6
Material Temperature Range, °F (°C) F 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems7
Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer (ETFE) −20 to 300 (−29 to 149) 2.2 ANSI/ASME Standards:
Perfluoro (Alkoxyalkane) Copolymer (PFA) −20 to 500 (−29 to 260) B 16.1 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges Flanged Fittings8
Perfluoro (Ethylene-Propylene) Copolymer (FEP) −20 to 300 (−29 to 149)
Poly(Vinylidene Chloride) (PVDC)A 0 to 175 (−18 to 79)
B 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings8
Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) 0 to 275 (−18 to 135) B 16.9 Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt Welding Fittings8
Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Copolymer (PVDF) −20 to 275 (−29 to 135) B 16.28 Wrought Steel Buttwelding Short Radius Elbows
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) −20 to 500 (−29 to 260)
Propylene and Polypropylene (PP) 0 to 225 (−18 to 107)
and Returns
A B 16.42 Ductile Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings—
Storage or handling below 20°F (−7°C) of uninstalled 4, 6, and 8-in.
components should be avoided. Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code8

TABLE 3 Polymer Standard SpecificationsA

Lining Material—Resin Type Standard Resin Allowable Resin Standard Liner Color Maximum Filler Material (by
Specification Classification weight)
Polypropylene (PP) ASTM D 4101 Type I and II orange <30 % glass fiber
Poly(Vinylidene Chloride) (PVDC) ASTM D 729 gray <20 % glass fiber
Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) ASTM D 3222 black
Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Copolymer (PVDF) ASTM D 5575 black
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ASTM D 1457 white
ASTM D 4894
ASTM D 4895
Perfluoro (Ethylene-Propylene) Copolymer (FEP) ASTM D 2116 Type III green
Perfluoro (Alkoxyalkane) Copolymer (PFA) ASTM D 3307 Type II natural
Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer (ETFE) ASTM D 3159 Type I natural
A
A maximum of 1 % by weight of additives or colorants, or both, is permissible. Colorants, if used, shall be identified in the manufacturer’s specification. Clean, reworked
resins may be used provided all mechanical property requirements are maintained. Only virgin PTFE resin may be used.

A 513 Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon 2.3 Manufacturers Standardization Society (MSS) Stan-
and Alloy Steel Mechanical Tubing3 dard:
A 536 Specification for Ductile Iron Castings2 MSS SP-43 Wrought Stainless Steel Butt-Welding Fittings9
A 587 Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Low-
Carbon Steel Pipe for the Chemical Industry3 3. Terminology
D 729 Specification for Vinylidene Chloride Molding Com- 3.1 General—The definitions used are in accordance with
pounds4 Terminologies F 412 and D 1600, unless otherwise indicated.
D 792 Test Method for Specific Gravity (Relative Density)
and Density of Plastics by Displacement4 4. Materials
D 1457 Specification for PTFE Molding and Extrusion 4.1 Lining:
Materials4 4.1.1 Material—The lining shall be made from a resin
D 1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density- conforming to one of the requirements in Table 3.
Gradient Technique4
D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
Plastics4 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
6
D 2116 Specification for FEP-Fluorocarbon Molding and 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.
Extrusion Materials4 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.
8
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 East 47th St.,
New York, NY 10017.
9
Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Industry, Inc., 127 Park St. N.E., Vienna, VA 22180.

2
 F 1545 – 97e1
4.1.2 Mechanical Properties—The minimum tensile TABLE 5 Approved Ferrous Metal Flange and Fitting Material
strength and minimum elongation at break when tested in Standards (ASTM)
accordance with the specifications outlined in 4.1.1 shall Lining Material Pipe Flange Fitting
Specifications Specifications Specifications
conform to Table 4, except the test specimens shall be obtained
from extruded or molded liners. Sample orientation is not PVDF, PTFE, FEP, ETFE, A 53 A 105 A 105
and PFA A 106
critical except for PTFE liners made using the paste extrusion A 135 A 182 A 182
process. For paste-extruded PTFE liners, test specimens with A 312 A 216 A 216
A 513 A 395 A 234
their major axis cut longitudinally shall meet the mechanical A 587 A 536 (60-40-18) A 351
property criteria listed in Table 4, and specimens cut circum- A 395
ferentially shall have a minimum tensile strength at break of A 403
A 536 (60-40-18)
2500 psi (17.3 MPa) and a minimum elongation of 200 %.
4.1.3 Specific Gravity—Specific gravity for polytetrafluoro- PP and PVDC A 53 A 105 A 48
A 106 A 105
ethylene (PTFE) resins, when tested in accordance with Test A 135 A 182 A 126
Methods D 792 or D 1505, shall be as follows: A 312 A 216
Lining Material, Resin Type Specific Gravity A 513 A 395 A 182
A 587 A 536 A 216
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Types I and 2.14 to 2.19 A 234
IV A 278
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Type III 2.13 to 2.21 A 351
A 395
4.2 Ferrous Pipe and Fittings: A 403
A 536
4.2.1 Mechanical Properties—The mechanical properties of
the pipes and fittings shall conform to the appropriate specifi-
cations listed in Table 5, except as they are influenced by
4.2.4 Dimensional—Flanges and fittings used for plastic-
accepted methods of processing in the industry (for example,
lined pipe shall conform dimensionally (Note 3) to the follow-
Van Stone flaring, bending, swaging, welding, and threading).
ing industry ferrous flange and fitting dimensional standards:
The carbon steel pipe and wrought fittings shall be welded or
Metallurgy Specification
seamless steel, Schedule 40 or 80, except Schedule 30 pipe Steel ANSI B 16.5
may be used in 8, 10, and 12-in. nominal size. Schedule 20 or Ductile iron ANSI B 16.42
standard wall may be used in nominal sizes 12 in. and larger. Cast iron ANS B 16.1
4.2.2 Finish—The interior surfaces of all housings shall be NOTE 3—Center-to-face dimensions include the plastic lining.
clean and free of mold burrs, rust, scale, or other protrusions,
4.2.5 Welding—All metal welding shall be done by welders
which may adversely affect the integrity or performance of the
or welding operators using welding procedures qualified under
lining.
the provisions of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
4.2.3 General—All pipe and fitting end connections shall be
(Section IX).
manufactured to provide a minimum 1⁄8-in. radius or chamfer in
the transition from pipe wall to flange or lap face. This radius 5. Requirements
or chamfer is required to reduce stress concentrations in the 5.1 Dimensions:
plastic liner as it is flared or molded over the flange face or stub 5.1.1 Housing—Housing installation dimensions are as re-
end. For PTFE-lined pipe and fittings, a 1⁄8-in. minimum radius quired in the applicable material specification in accordance
must be provided. A perforated metal collar which seats over with 4.2.4.
the flange chamfer may be used to provide this required radius. 5.1.2 Plastic Wall Thickness—Pipe and fitting liners shall
TABLE 4 Polymer Mechanical Properties have a minimum wall thickness and face thickness in accor-
Lining Material—Resin Type Minimum Tensile Minimum
dance with Table 6.
Strength at Elongation at 5.1.3 Lining Flare Diameter—The outside diameter of the
Break, psi (MPa) Break, % flare covering the gasket portion of the flange or the full face
Polypropylene (PP) Type I 4000 (27.6)A 10A of the lap-joint stub end shall not be less than the diameter
Polypropylene (PP) Type II 3000 (20.7)A 10A specified in Table 7. The flared portion of the lining shall be
Polypropylene (PP) 30 % Glass 2500 (17.3)A 2A
Filled concentric with the flared portion of the pipe within 1⁄16 in. (1.6
Poly(Vinylidene Chloride) (PVDC) 1500 (10.3)A 2A mm).
Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) 4500 (31.0) 10 5.1.4 Tolerances—Tolerances for pipe, flanges, and fittings
Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) 4000 (27.6) 300
Copolymer (PVDF) shall be in accordance with Table 8. Bolt holes in both flanges
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 3000 (20.7) 250 on a fixed flange spool shall straddle the same center line to
Perfluoro (Ethylene-Propylene) 3000 (20.7) 250 facilitate alignment. Finished lined (plastic flare to plastic flare)
Copolymer
(FEP) fabricated fittings shall conform to the nominal center-to-face
Perfluoro (Alkoxyalkane) 3800 (26.2) 300 dimensions as specified in ANSI B 16.1, B 16.42, or B 16.5
Copolymer (PFA)
Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene 6500 (44.8) 275
with the applicable tolerances.
Copolymer 5.2 Flange Construction:
(ETFE) 5.2.1 Threaded flanges shall be secured in position to
A
Minimum tensile strength and elongation at yield. prevent inadvertent turning of the flange.

3
 F 1545 – 97e1
TABLE 6 Minimum Liner Wall Thickness, in. (mm)A
Size, in. Liner Material
PTFE PVDF PP PFA FEP PVDC ETFE
1 0.120 (3.05) 0.100 (2.54) 0.125 (3.18) 0.100 (2.54) 0.100 (2.54) 0.094 (2.39) 0.100 (2.54)
1 1/2 0.120 (3.05) 0.100 (2.54) 0.125 (3.18) 0.100 (2.54) 0.100 (2.54) 0.094 (2.39) 0.100 (2.54)
2 0.120 (3.05) 0.100 (2.54) 0.125 (3.18) 0.100 (2.54) 0.100 (2.54) 0.094 (2.39) 0.100 (2.54)
2 1/2 0.120 (3.05) 0.100 (2.54) 0.125 (3.18) 0.100 (2.54) 0.100 (2.54) 0.094 (2.39) 0.100 (2.54)
3 0.120 (3.05) 0.100 (2.54) 0.125 (3.18) 0.100 (2.54) 0.100 (2.54) 0.094 (2.39) 0.100 (2.54)
4 0.120 (3.05) 0.100 (2.54) 0.125 (3.18) 0.100 (2.54) 0.100 (2.54) 0.094 (2.39) 0.100 (2.54)
6 0.125 (3.18) 0.100 (2.54) 0.125 (3.18) 0.100 (2.54) 0.100 (2.54) 0.094 (2.39) 0.100 (2.54)
8 0.125 (3.18) 0.100 (2.54) 0.125 (3.18) 0.100 (2.54) 0.100 (2.54) 0.094 (2.39) 0.100 (2.54)
10 0.125 (3.18) 0.100 (2.54) 0.125 (3.18) 0.100 (2.54) 0.100 (2.54) ... ...
12 0.125 (3.18) ... 0.125 (3.18) ... 0.100 (2.54) ... ...
14 0.125 (3.18) ... ... ... ... ... ...
16 0.125 (3.18) ... ... ... ... ... ...
18 0.125 (3.18) ... ... ... ... ... ...
20 0.150 (3.81) ... ... ... ... ... ...
24 0.150 (3.81) ... ... ... ... ... ...
A
Minimum liner face thickness shall be 80 % of minimum liner wall thickness.

TABLE 7 Lining Flare Diameter Van Stone flares shall have a fillet radius compatible with the
Nominal Pipe Size, in. Minimum Flare Diameter, in. (mm) corner radius of the mating flange and shall not contain any
⁄
12 11⁄4 (31.8) cracks or buckles. Van Stone flares and stub ends shall have a
⁄
34 19⁄16 (39.7) radius to provide a smooth transition for the plastic flare. Only
1 17⁄8(47.6)
11⁄2 211⁄16 (68.3)
lap joint flanges in accordance with ANSI B 16.42 and B 16.5
2 37⁄16(87.3) shall be used.
3 45⁄8 (117.5) 5.3 Venting—Each pipe and fitting shall be provided with a
4 515⁄16 (150.8)
6 8 (203.2)
venting system that will release any pressure between the liner
8 101⁄16 (255.6) and the housing.
10 121⁄4 (311.2)
12 143⁄8 (365.1) NOTE 5—One or more holes in the housing, or a helical groove system
14 151⁄2 (393.7) inside the housing, that connects flange vents, has provided adequate
16 173⁄4 (450.9) venting.
18 201⁄4 (514.4)
20 221⁄4 (565.2)
NOTE 6—Venting is not required with PVDF, PP, ETFE, or PVDC
24 261⁄4 (666.8) liners.
5.4 Workmanship:
5.4.1 Pipe and fittings shall show no evidence of pinholes,
TABLE 8 Tolerances for Pipe, Flanges, and Fittings, in. (mm)
porosity, or cracks when inspected in accordance with 5.5.2.
Pipe Length 61⁄8 (63.2)
Fixed flange bolt hole alignment 61⁄16 (61.6)
The linings shall fit snugly inside the pipe and fitting housings.
Flange perpendicularity (with pipe 3⁄32 in./ft (7.8 mm/m) of diameter Any bulges or other obvious indications of poor contact with
centerline) the housing shall be cause for rejection.
Flanges:
All dimensions see ANSI B 16.42 or ANSI B 16.5
5.4.2 The gasket seating surface of the lining shall be free of
Fittings: surface defects that could impair sealing effectiveness.
All dimensions see ANSI B 16.1, B 16.5 or B 16.42 Scratches, dents, nicks, or tool marks on the seating surface
shall not be deeper than 10 % of the face thickness.
5.5 Performance:
5.5.1 Qualification—Lined pipe and fittings must be ca-
5.2.2 Socket-type flanges, except threaded, shall be fully
pable of meeting the qualification requirements specified in
back-welded to the pipe housing and the inside surfaces of the
Section 6.
socket flanges shall be ground smooth.
5.5.2 Inspection—Each spool and fitting, prior to shipment,
5.2.3 Slip-on flanges shall be fully back-welded.
shall be hydrostatically or electrostatically tested in accordance
NOTE 4—No welding shall be done on lined components in the field. with Section 7 and shall subsequently be inspected visually to
5.2.4 Modified slip-on flanges used as lap-joint flanges may verify conformance to the requirements of 5.4.
be used with flared laps formed by flaring the pipe. The
backing flange for the flared metallic lap shall have a 1⁄8-in. 6. Test Methods
bevel or 1⁄8-in. corner radius at the bore to provide clearance for 6.1 High-Temperature Test:
the fillet of the flared lap. The outside diameter of the flared lap 6.1.1 Cycle representative production samples of lined pipe
shall be in accordance with the dimension of an ANSI B 16.9 and fittings in an oven from room temperature to the test
lap-joint stub end. temperature of the liner type (Table 9) to determine the ability
5.2.5 Lap-joint (or Van Stone) flanged ends may be manu- of the lined components to withstand heat aging and tempera-
factured by standard forming techniques or by using fully ture cycling. Test a minimum of two pipe spools, tees, and 90°
welded Type A MSS SP-43 or ANSI B 16.9 lap-joint stub ends. elbows in each size.

4
 F 1545 – 97e1
TABLE 9 Test Temperatures, °F (°C) skin temperature adjacent to the flange at the outlet end of the
PVDC PP PVDF FEP PTFE PFA ETFE sample measures 122°F (50°C) or lower.
175 6 5 225 6 5 275 6 5 300 6 5 500 6 5 500 6 5 300 6 5 6.3.2.4 Vent and introduce air to purge the sample for a
(79 6 3) (107 6 3) (135 6 3) (149 6 3) (260 6 3) (260 6 3) (149 6 3) minimum of 1 min making certain that it is completely drained
of water.
6.3.3 Inspection—There shall be no evidence of leakage
6.1.2 Procedure—Install companion flanges at the manufac- from the venting system or from behind the plastic faces during
turer’s recommended torque value, and affix a thermocouple in the 100 cycles. At the completion of the test, the liner shall
the ferrous housing to measure the temperature. Pipe spools exhibit no buckling or cracking. On PFA, PTFE, and FEP,
shall be at least 3 ft (1 m) long. After 3 h in an oven at the test formation of water blisters shall not be cause for rejection.
temperature (Table 9) as indicated by the thermocouple, air NOTE 7—These surface blisters are formed due to absorption of the
cool the lined components to 122°F (50°C) maximum. Repeat steam vapors by the liner and subsequent condensation in the liner. The
this test for a total of three cycles. blisters do not adversely affect liner performance.
6.1.3 Inspection—Inspect lined pipe and fittings after each 6.3.4 Subject the lined pipes or fittings to either the hydro-
cycle for distortion or cracks in the lining. At the completion of static test described in Section 7 or, after drying, to the
the third cycle, subject tested specimens to the hydrostatic or electrostatic test described in Section 7.
electrostatic test described in Section 7. 6.4 Vacuum Testing:
6.2 Low-Temperature Test: 6.4.1 Test representative samples of lined pipe and fittings
6.2.1 After the high-temperature test, subject the same parts to determine the vacuum ratings of the lined components. Test
used for 6.1 to a cold test at 0°F (−18°C) for a minimum of 48 a minimum of two pipe spools, tees, and 90° elbows in each
h. New parts may also be used. size. Conduct tests at room temperature, at the manufacturer’s
6.2.2 Procedure—Install companion flanges at the manufac- maximum recommended service temperature, and at one inter-
turer’s recommended torque value, and affix a thermocouple to mediate temperature level. Full vacuum is defined as 29.6 in.
the ferrous housing to measure the temperature. Pipe spools Hg corrected to sea level.
shall be at least 3 ft (1 m) long. After 48 h at or below 0°F
(−18°C), as indicated by the thermocouple, allow the parts to NOTE 8—Vacuum temperature ratings for pipe and fittings are pub-
warm to a minimum of 60°F (16°C). lished in the manufacturer’s literature.
6.2.3 Inspection—Inspect lined pipe and fittings for distor- NOTE 9—The vacuum test is performed on pipe and fittings that have
not been exposed to prior service. Use in specific environments may alter
tion or cracks in the lining. Subject tested specimens in the
the vacuum-temperature ratings.
hydrostatic or electrostatic test described in Section 7.
6.3 Steam-Cold Water Cycling Test: 6.4.2 Procedure—For pipe spools, specimen lengths shall
6.3.1 Subject representative production samples of lined be at least 10 pipe diameters. Install a flange incorporating a
pipe and fittings to steam-cold water cycling to determine the sight glass at one end and a flange suitable for drawing a
ability of the lined components to withstand rapid temperature vacuum at the other end. Affix a thermocouple to the ferrous
changes. Test a minimum of two pipe spools, tees, and 90° housing to measure the temperature. Heat the specimens
elbows in each size. uniformly externally with the sight glass end visible. Begin the
6.3.2 Procedure—Assemble lined pipe and fittings with test after the desired ferrous housing temperature has been
suitable flanges having provision for the introduction of steam reached. Hold a selected initial vacuum level for 8 h, and if no
air, cold water, and for drainage. Install the flange using the failure occurs, increase the vacuum by 5 in. Hg. Repeat this
manufacturer’s recommended torque value. Pipe spool length every 8 h until failure or full vacuum is reached. Failure is
shall be 10 ft (3 m) minimum. Mount the sample in such a defined as any buckling or collapse of the liner. If failure
manner as to permit complete drainage and venting. Then occurs at the initial vacuum level selected, test a new test
subject the sample to 100 consecutive steam-cold-water cycles, specimen at a lower vacuum level to determine the failure
each consisting of the following in the sequence given: threshold. The vacuum failure threshold is defined as 1 in. Hg
6.3.2.1 Circulate gage saturated steam at the pressure listed below that at which failure occurs.
in Table 10 through the sample until the ferrous housing skin NOTE 10—The external pressure method to simulate higher than full
temperature adjacent to the flange at the outlet end of the vacuum can be used to establish the failure threshold when full vacuum is
sample has not changed more than 5°F (3°C) in 10 min. achieved. With the use of pressure taps, a pressure is applied between the
6.3.2.2 Close off the steam. plastic liner outside diameter and the pipe inside diameter.
6.3.2.3 Circulate water at a maximum temperature of 77°F
6.4.3 The vacuum rating shall be 80 % of the failure
(25°C). Circulate the cooling water until the ferrous housing
threshold value.
6.4.4 At the test completion and after establishing the
TABLE 10 Steam Test Pressures, psig (kPa) vacuum rating, place a duplicate specimen in an oven at the test
PVDC PP PVDF FEP PTFE PFA ETFE temperature. Apply the rated vacuum to the specimen after the
A
461 30 6 2 506 3 125 6 5 125 6 5 50 6 3
desired skin temperature has been reached. Achieve the rated
(28 6 7) (207 6 15) (300 6 20) (862 6 35) (862 6 35) (300 6 20) vacuum within 2 min and apply continuously for 48 h. If no
A
The thermocycling test for PVDC lined pipe and fittings should be run using liner buckling or collapse occurs, the rated vacuum shall be
water at 175 6 5°F (79 6 3°C). considered acceptable.

5
 F 1545 – 97e1
6.5 Retest—When a test specimen fails to meet the require- 10. Marking
ments of either 6.1.3, 6.2.3, 6.3.3, 6.3.4, 6.4.2, or 6.4.4, correct 10.1
the cause of failure and repeat the specified test.
10.2 Quality of Marking—The markings shall be applied to
7. Inspection Tests the pipe in such a manner that it remains legible (easily read)
7.1 Hydrostatic Pressure Test—The internal test pressure after installation and inspection have been completed.
shall be 250 psi (1.7 MPa) minimum for Class 125 (0.9-MPa) 10.3 The pipe and fittings shall be marked with the follow-
components and 425 psi (2.9 MPa) minimum for Class 150 ing information:
(1.0-MPa) and Class 300 (2.1-MPa) components. Conduct the 10.3.1 Nominal pipe size,
test at ambient temperature. Completely fill the pipe and fitting 10.3.2 Liner material identification,
with clean water and bleed the system free of all air prior to the 10.3.3 Manufacturer’s name (or trademark),
application of pressure. Reach full test pressure within 1 min 10.3.4 Length (on pipe only), and
and maintain for a further 3 min. Observe the pressure gage 10.3.5 ASTM designation.
throughout the test for any evidence of leakage, which shall be
10.4 Other information such as order numbers, part num-
cause for rejection.
bers, item numbers, etc. shall be provided at the request of the
7.2 Electrostatic Test—Conduct the test with a nondestruc-
purchaser.
tive high-voltage tester at an output voltage of 10 kV. A visible
or audible spark, or both, that occurs at the probe when 10.5 Pipe liner identification shall be provided on a band
electrical contact is made with the housing because of a defect utilizing raised letters. The band shall typically be located near
in the liner shall be cause for rejection. the flange.

8. Finish 11. Packaging

8.1 The outside surface of all lined pipe and fittings, other 11.1 The gasket face of each spool shall be protected by end
than stainless steel, shall be coated with a corrosion-resistant plates or other suitable protective means.
primer over a properly prepared surface. 11.2 Fittings shall have the same protective covers on the
9. Quality Assurance gasket faces unless protected by other means, such as indi-
vidual boxing.
9.1 When the product is marked with this designation, F
1545, the manufacturer affirms that the product was manufac-
tured, inspected, sampled and tested in accordance with this 12. Keywords
specification and has been found to meet the requirements of 12.1 plastic-lined ferrous metal fittings; plastic-lined ferrous
this specification metal flanges; plastic-lined ferrous metal pipe

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