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    Pharmacognosy-IB Assignment Spermaceti

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    Ayan Asim
    This document summarizes information about spermaceti, a waxy substance obtained from the head cavity of sperm whales. Spermaceti whales are killed using harpoons, and spermaceti is extracted from the cranial cavity. Spermaceti consists mainly of cetyl esters such as cetyl palmitate and cetyl myristate. It is used in cold creams, ointments, candles, soaps and cosmetics due to its emollient properties.

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    Pharmacognosy-IB Assignment Spermaceti

    Uploaded by

    Ayan Asim
    2K views6 pages
    This document summarizes information about spermaceti, a waxy substance obtained from the head cavity of sperm whales. Spermaceti whales are killed using harpoons, and spermaceti is extracted from the cranial cavity. Spermaceti consists mainly of cetyl esters such as cetyl palmitate and cetyl myristate. It is used in cold creams, ointments, candles, soaps and cosmetics due to its emollient properties.

    Original Description:

    Drugs of Animal Origin Spermaceti ( Introduction, preparation, Characters, Constituents and uses)

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    This document summarizes information about spermaceti, a waxy substance obtained from the head cavity of sperm whales. Spermaceti whales are killed using harpoons, and spermaceti is extracted from the cranial cavity. Spermaceti consists mainly of cetyl esters such as cetyl palmitate and cetyl myristate. It is used in cold creams, ointments, candles, soaps and cosmetics due to its emollient properties.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2K views6 pages

    Pharmacognosy-IB Assignment Spermaceti

    Uploaded by

    Ayan Asim
    This document summarizes information about spermaceti, a waxy substance obtained from the head cavity of sperm whales. Spermaceti whales are killed using harpoons, and spermaceti is extracted from the cranial cavity. Spermaceti consists mainly of cetyl esters such as cetyl palmitate and cetyl myristate. It is used in cold creams, ointments, candles, soaps and cosmetics due to its emollient properties.

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    of 6

    DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY

    Pharmacognosy I-B Assignment

    Submitted to: Ma’am Madiha Haq


    Submitted by: Ayan Asim
    Semester: 4th
    SAP ID: 70077132
    Topic: Spermaceti

    1|Page
    DRUGS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN

    1. Spermaceti:

    Zoological origin: Physeter macrocephalus

    Family: Physteridae

    Synonyms: Cetaceum: Spermwax

    Common name: Sperm Whale

    Fig 1.1: Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus)

    Habitat: The whales are found In the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans.
    They attend a length of 20 meters and up to 6-9 meters in circumference

    Introduction: Spermaceti is a solid waxy substance obtained from the oil


    derived from the head and blubber of the sperm whale, Physeter
    macrocephalus (Fam. Physteridae).

    2|Page
    Collection and Preparation: The whales are killed with torpedo harpoons
    (missiles) that explode upon striking the animal. In front of the cranium there
    is a large cavity which contains an oily fluid. The cranial cavity is opened and
    the oily liquid removed by buckets or by pumping. A single whale yields 10-
    12 barrels of oil. On cooling about 11% Spermaceti separates out. The crude
    material is pressed, melted and strained, and treated with boiling aqueous
    caustic soda to remove free acids in the form of soap. The purified Spermaceti
    is cooled to form cakes.

    Fig 1.2: Spermaceti obtained from Sperm Whale

    Fig 1.3: Flow diagram of Spermaceti organ

    3|Page
    Characters:
    o Spermaceti is white, somewhat transparent slightly unctuous masses
    with crystalline fracture and pearly luster.
    o It is almost odourless and tasteless but becomes yellow and rancid on
    long exposure to air: density 0.93 - 0.94: m.p. 42-50°: viscosity 1.433.
    Saponification number 120 - 136, iodine number 3-4.4.
    o It is insoluble in water and cold alcohol, soluble in chloroform, ether,
    carbon disulphide, oils, and boiling alcohol; slightly soluble in
    petroleum ether.
    Chemical constituents:
     Spermaceti consists of chiefly cetyl palmitate (C15H31 OCO C16H33), cetyl
    myristate (C15H31OCOC13H27), cetyl laurate, acetyl laurate and cetyl stearate;
    the total ester constituents are about 85%.
     Free cetyl alcohol is present in appreciable amounts
     The esters of higher alcohols are also present. On saponification of esters with
    alcoholic potassium hydroxide. Cetyl alcohol, (C6 H33 OH), m.p. 49.5°, is
    formed.

    Fig 1.4: (a) structure of cetyl Palmitate (b) structure of cetyl myristate (c) structure of cetyl laurate
    (d) structure of cetyl stearate

    4|Page
    Uses:
     Spermaceti is used as a pharmaceutical aid for cold creams, as a base for
    ointments, cerates, etc.
     As emulsion with egg yolk or expressed almond oil.
     It is also used in manufacture of candles, soaps, cosmetics, laundry wax;
    finishing and lustering linens.
     It possesses emollient properties.

    5|Page
    REFERENCES

     https://wepdf.com/do/-muhammad-ali-textbook-of-
    pharmacognosy/Spermaceti

     https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cetyl-
    palmitate/Cetyl-myristate/Cetyl-laurate/Cetyl-stearate

    6|Page

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