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    Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

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    api-3750955
    The document discusses different drug formulation types including solid, liquid, and semi-solid dosage forms. It describes common solid dosage forms like tablets, capsules, and powders as well as liquid forms like solutions, suspensions, emulsions, and elixirs. The document also covers semi-solid dosage forms such as ointments, creams, gels, and suppositories which are designed for transdermal or rectal/vaginal administration.

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    Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

    Uploaded by

    api-3750955
    2K views52 pages
    The document discusses different drug formulation types including solid, liquid, and semi-solid dosage forms. It describes common solid dosage forms like tablets, capsules, and powders as well as liquid forms like solutions, suspensions, emulsions, and elixirs. The document also covers semi-solid dosage forms such as ointments, creams, gels, and suppositories which are designed for transdermal or rectal/vaginal administration.

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    The document discusses different drug formulation types including solid, liquid, and semi-solid dosage forms. It describes common solid dosage forms like tablets, capsules, and powders as well as liquid forms like solutions, suspensions, emulsions, and elixirs. The document also covers semi-solid dosage forms such as ointments, creams, gels, and suppositories which are designed for transdermal or rectal/vaginal administration.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    2K views52 pages

    Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

    Uploaded by

    api-3750955
    The document discusses different drug formulation types including solid, liquid, and semi-solid dosage forms. It describes common solid dosage forms like tablets, capsules, and powders as well as liquid forms like solutions, suspensions, emulsions, and elixirs. The document also covers semi-solid dosage forms such as ointments, creams, gels, and suppositories which are designed for transdermal or rectal/vaginal administration.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 52

    Drug formulation

    Dosage forms or
    pharmaceutical preparation
    Drug formulation
     Why to use different formulation
     Types of dosage forms
     Composition of each dosage form
    Why to use different formulation?

     The physical nature of the drug


     Drug size
     Drug solubility
     Drug taste
     Drug absorption, first pass effect
     Drug side effects
     Drug half life
     Site of disease or infection
     Patient compliance
    Drug
    forms

    Solid Liquid Semi-solid Others


    dosage dosage dosage Nasal
    forms forms forms Inhalational
    Solid
    dosage
    forms

    Tablets Capsules Lozenges Powders


    I-Solid dosage forms

     Capsules, sustained-release capsules, tablets,


    pills, are used to divide a drug or mixture of
    drugs into definite doses and avoid the
    inconvenience of preparing the dose from dry
    powders.
     Tablets are a convenient way of giving drugs
    that have an unpleasant taste
    Capsules
     the most popular dosage forms for the oral
    administration of powders, oils, and liquid
     They dissolve readily in the stomach and make the

    contents available for absorption only slightly less quickly


    than a liquid medicament
     Are usually made of gelatin and may be hard or soft

    - Hard gelatin capsule : contains powder


    - Soft gelatin capsule : contains Liquids
    Gelatin capsules may be coated with a substance that
    resists the action of gastric juice and so will not
    disintegrate until they reach the alkaline secretions of the
    intestine. Such capsules are said to be ‘enteric coated
    Tablets
     Tablets are preparations of powdered drug that are
    compressed or molded into small disks.
     They may be made with or without a diluent
    (dextrose, lactose, starch),
     And they may differ greatly in size, weight, and shape.
     Compressed tablets are made with heavy machinery.
    Tablets
     Compressed tablets usually contain in addition to the
    drug a
     Diluents, are used when the amount of active

    ingredient is small
     A binder are substances that give adhesiveness to

    the powdered drug.


     A disintegrator , such a starch, helps the tablet to

    dissolve readily when it is placed in water, because


    the starch expands when it gets wet
     and a lubricant keep the tablet from sticking to the

    machines
    Tablets

     Tablets are sometimes scored (marked with an


    indented line across the surface) so-that they can be
    broken easily if half a tablet is the dose required.
     Tablets may be coated with sugar or chocolate to
    enhance their palatability.
     They may be covered with a colored coating to make
    them more attractive to patients, easier to swallow,
    or identifiable by the use of distinctive colors.
     Both tablets and capsules may be enteric coated,
     to protect the drug from the effect of the gastric secretions
     to prevent drug irritation of the gastric mucosa
    Tablets

     Normal tablets
     Effervescent
     Chewable
     Delayed release
     Film coated
     Sugar coated
    Sustained-release dosage forms
     Dosage forms providing for gradual but continued
    release of drug .
     Sustained-release dosage forms contain small
    particles of the drug coated with materials that require
    a varying amount of time to dissolve.. This provides for
    a long continuous period of absorption and effect.
    Some particles dissolve and-are absorbed almost
    immediately, others require 2 or 3 hours
    Lozenges

     Troches or lozenges are flat, round, or rectangular preparations


    that are held in the mouth until they dissolve, liberating the drug
    or drugs involved.
     They usually contain water, sugar, and a mucilage in addition
    to the drug and are dried in hot air.
     They temporarily produce a high concentration of the drug in
    the oral cavity.
     They are held in the mouth until entirely dissolved.
    Pills

     Pills are mixtures of a drug or drugs with some


    cohesive materials.
     The mass is molded into globular, oval, or
    flattened bodies convenient for swallowing.
     They have been replaced to a great extent by
    capsules and tablets.
    Powders

     Powders are finely divided solid drugs or


    mixtures of drugs for internal or external use.
     Dusting powders

     Granules

     Sachets
    Chewable Tablets
    Effervescent Tablets
    Capsules
    Pills
    II-Liquid dosage forms

     Solutions ((‫محـلول‬
     Aqueous solutions have one or more substances dissolved in
    water. Examples are strong iodine solution (Lugol's Solution),
    epinephrine nasal solution
     Syrups
     For their demulcent(soothing) effect on irritated membranes
    of the throat e.g Promethazina hydrochloride syrup
     Suspensions ( ‫)معلق‬
     are defined as preparations of finely divided drugs either
    intended for suspension or already in suspension in some
    suitable liquid vehicle
    Liquid dosage forms

     Emulsions ( (‫مستحلب‬
     are suspensions of fats or oils in water with the aid of an,
    emulsifying agent, which lowers the interfacial tension between
    the two susbtances, masking its oily feel.
     These oils are more easily digested than undispersed oils.
    Emulsions are stabilized by agents such as acacia and gelatin,
    which coat the tiny droplets of oil and prevent them from
    coming in direct contact with water.
     An example is cod liver oil emulsion
    Liquid dosage forms
     Elixirs ( (‫اكسـير‬
     are aromatic, sweetened, alcoholic preparations,
    frequently used as flavored vehicles, such as
    aromatic elixir, or as active medicinal agents if they
    are medicated elixirs, such as phenobarbital elixir.
    Liquid dosage forms

    Liquid forms are composed of


     Solvents

     Sweeting agents

     Flavouring and colouring agent

     Stabilisers

     Preservatives and antioxidant


    Liquid dosage forms
     -Drops
    eye (ophthalmic ) – ear (otic) – nose
    (Nasal) – oral (commonly for infants)
     - Paints (‫)دهان‬

     Lotions (‫)غسول‬

     -Tinctures (‫)صبغة‬

    • -Sprays

    - nasal – oral - local


    Liquid dosage forms
     -Ampoules and the like

    1-Ampoules ( Single Dose).

    2- vials ( multi -dose containers with rubber


    capped stopper ).

    3- Bottles.

    4- Disposable syringes.
    Solution
    Suspension
    Ampoule
    Vials
    Drops
    III-Semi-solid dosage forms
     1- Ointments and the like
    - Ointments (‫)مرهم‬
    - Creams (‫)كريم‬
    - Gels (‫)جل‬
    - Pasts (‫)معجون‬

     2- Transdermal therapeutic system

     3- Suppositories and the like


    - Rectal supp.
    - Vaginal inserts ( tablets – ovules – supp. pessary )

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