Street Light Management System using IOT

Project Proposal

On

Street Light Management System using IOT

1. Rationale:

The ability of advanced lightning solutions to transform cities to intelligent or smart

cities is an expected fact. The development in this field are expected to gain momentum over the
coming years because of increased connectivity and deployment of internet of things(IOT)
solutions. The IOT Street Light Management System is becoming an essential feature of many
cities around the world. In this system, the street light system is automatically ON and OFF
according to the situation. This smart light system automatically defects the movements of the
object on the street.

In the traditional system, IR sensor is used to detect the object. The microcontroller is
used to control the process. It focuses on the controlling intensity of the light considering the
object movement near the light. Two different sensors named light sensor and photoelectric
sensor are used. Once if the sunlight goes under the visible region then this system automatically
switches on light. As soon as the sunlight is visible then automatic switches OFF lights. The PIR
sensor and LDR sensor are used to sense the human being and light intensity of particular area
and transmit the data. This Street Light Management System is used to reduce energy
consumption. This smart system is based suited for street lighting in remote urban and rural areas
where the traffic is very low.

2. Introduction :

The street lighting is one of the largest energy expenses for a city. An intelligent street
lighting system can cut municipal street lighting costs as much as 50% - 70%. An intelligent
street lighting system is a system that adjusts light output based on usage and occupancy, i.e.,
automating classification of pedestrian versus cyclist, versus automotive. An intelligent street
light management proposes the installation of the wireless based system to remotely track and
control the actual energy consumption of the street lights and take appropriate energy
consumption reduction measures through power conditioning and control.

The street light controller should be installed on the pole lights which consist of microcontroller
along with various sensor and wireless module. The street light controller installed on the street
light pole will control LED street lighting depending on traffic flow, communicate data between
each street light. The data from the street light controller can be transferred to base station using
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wireless technology to monitor the system. The mode of operation of the system can be
conducted using auto mode and manual mode. The control system will switch on-off the lights
at required timings and can also vary the intensity of the street light according to requirement.

3. Literature Survey:

The key indicators of India’s energy problems include; Over 40 per cent of the households

(particularly rural areas) in India still do not have electricity, about a third of our total
primaryenergy supply to rural areas still comes from non-commercial sources (biomass, dung)
andcurrently India faces an enormous demand supply gap of about 15-25% energy shortage. Due
toshortage of the energy supply till today several villages have not facilitated with electricity
andeven if provided, the supply of the electricity is limited to few hours in a day and are
facingserious problems due to unlimited power cuts.During the day time we get enormous
amount of light energy from sun and the problem for pedestals are common during the night
time. Through most of the streets are equipped with street lights in each and every
village and areas but due to the uncontrolled power failures/power cut it is becoming a
serious problem
4. Problem Defination:

As it was stated earlier, it is seen in a number of cities that the street light is one of
the huge expenses in a city. The cost spent is huge that all the sodium vapor lamps consume
more power. The expense spent on the street light can be used for other development of the
nation.Currently a manual system is used where the light will be made to switched ON/OFF
i.e the light will be made to switch ON in the evening and switched OFF in the morning.
Hence there is a lot of wastage of energy between the ON/OFF. This is one of the major
causes of shifting to the automatic system, since there is less wastage of power and thus
saving a lot of monetary expenses. Apart from this, the other disadvantages of the existing
system are described below.

Disadvantagesof Existing System

 Manual switching off/on of street lights
 More energy consumption
 High expense
 More manpower
Now moving to the proposed system automated with the use of light sensors, not just the
saving of energy and ensuring safety, we can also see a few more advantages following.

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Advantagesof the Proposed System

 Automatic switching of street lights
 Maintenance cost reduction
 Reduction in CO₂ emission
 Reduction of light pollution
 Wireless communication
 Energy saving
 Reduction of manpower

5. Proposed Methodology:

In [1] the paper describes about the circuit that switches the street light ON
detecting the vehicle movement and remains

OFF after the fixed time. In this system the street light automatically ON/OFF during the night
and the day time. In this
system the GSM technology has been used in which the manual switching OFF/ON of the street
light using GSM. Here
the system controls the intensity of the street light by dimming and brightness the intensity on
the detection of any
object using PIR sensor.
In [2] this paper is focused on the necessity of the automated street light system and the peculiar
way of implementation
with embedded system tools. In this system the piezo electric sensor is used to detect the
movement of the object on the
street instead of using IR sensor. A microcontroller msp430 as a brain to control the process
involved. This paper gives
a solution to the controlling the intensity of the light considering the movement on the road.
In [3] this project is designed to detect the vehicle movement on the highways to switch ON only
a block of the street
light ahead of it and switch OFF the trailing light to save energy. During the night all the lights
on the highways remain
ON for the vehicle, but lot of energy is wasted when there is no vehicle movement on the
highways. In this paper two
kind of sensors has been used which are light sensor, photo electric sensor.
In [4] Automatic Street Light Control System is not only easiest but also the powerful
technique. Relay uses as a

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automatic switch in this system. It releases the manual work atmostupto 100% . As soon as the
sunlight goes under the
visible region of our eyes this system automatically switches ON lights. Light Dependent
Resistor (LDR )is a type of
sensor which actually does this work and senses the light as our eyes does. As soon as the
sunlight comes, visible to our
eyes it automatically switches OFF lights. Such type of system is also useful for reducing energy
consumption.
In [5] this system the system with LDR sensor, PIR sensor, Zigbee is used to intimate the status
of humans use, light
intensity and street light ON/OFF status to the EB section to avoid wastage of energy by
glowing street lights in
unwanted areas. The whole system is operated by using artificial energy source called solar and
with battery backup.
The PIR and LDR sensors sense the persons and light intensity of a particular place and transmits
the data in wireless to
the EB section with Zigbee. Depend upon the data received the controller will turn ON/OFF the
street light in wireless
communication. This system is appropriate for street lighting in remote urban and rural areas
where the traffic is low at
times.

6. Tentative Design and Procedure:

7. The system architecture of the intelligent street light system consists of IR sensors,
LDR,PIC16F877A microcontroller,
8. Relay, UART and Wifi Module. LDR‟s are light dependent devices whose resistance
decreases when light falls on
9. them and increases in the dark. When a light dependent resistor is kept in dark, its
resistance is very high. The vehicle
10. which passes by the street light is detected by IR sensor. Relay are used as a switch to
switch on/off the street light bulb.
11. A UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) is the microchip with
programming that controls a
12. computer's interface to its attached street light system

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6.Resources and consumables required:

PIC16F877A MICROCONTROLLER
High-Performance RISC CPU its having 35 single word instructions to learn ,all instructions are
single cycle (1µs)
except for program branches and the operating speed: DC - 20MHz clock input . Its having 8 k
Bytes Flash Program
Memory, 368 Byte RAM Data Memory and 256 Byte EEPROM Data Memory. Two 8-bit
timer/counter(TMR0,
TMR2) with 8-bit programmable prescalar, One 16 bit timer/counter (TMR1).
ii. Intel Galileo Gen2
Intel is committed to providing the ultimate processors, boards, and tools to its community. The
first initiative by Intel
is the introduction of Intel Galileo and Intel Galileo Gen 2 boards, which are compatible with the
Arduino headers and
reference APIs. Intel Galileo boards are open source and open hardware; in other words, all the
source code and
hardware schematics are available online, which you can download, use, and modify.
The Intel Quark X1000 SoC was preserved on Intel Galileo Gen 2 as the memory’s capacity. It
also has the same clock
frequency, the same analog and power headers(except for a small improvement in the
digital header to allow
redirection of UART1 to thepins IO2 and IO3), and the same I2C and SPI speeds. The next
section discusses the
newchanges and improvements in details. In terms of Arduino headers, Intel Galileo Gen 2
provides the same set with
major improvements, such as PWM.
LDR
A Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) or a photo resistor is a device whose resistivity is a
function of the incident
electromagnetic radiation. Hence, they are light sensitive devices. They are also called as photo
conductors, photo
conductive cells or simply photocells. They are made up of semiconductor materials having high
resistance.
A light dependent resistor works on the principle of photo conductivity. Photo conductivity is an
optical phenomenon
in which the materials conductivity (Hence resistivity) reduces when light is absorbed by the
material.

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Fig 5.2: Working ofLDR

iv. IR Sensor
An infrared sensor is an electronic instrument that is used to sense certain characteristics of its
surroundings by
either emitting and/or detecting infrared radiation. It is also capable of measuring heat of an
object and detecting
motion. Infrared waves are not visible to the human eye. In the electromagnetic spectrum,
infrared radiation is the
region having wavelengths longer than visible light wavelengths, but shorter than microwaves.
The infrared region
is approximately demarcated from 0.75 to 1000µm. IR (infrared) sensors detect infrared
light. The IR light is
transformed into an electric current, and this is detected by a voltage or amperage detector.
Current Sensor
A current sensor is a device that detects electric current (AC or DC) in a wire, and generates a
signal
proportional to it. The generated signal could be analog voltage or current or even digital output.
It can be then
utilized to display the measured current in an ammeter or can be stored for further analysis in a
data acquisition
system or can be utilized for control purpose.

vi. Relays
A relay is usually an electromechanical device that is actuated by an electrical current. The
current flowing in one
circuit causes the opening or closing of another circuit. Relays are like remote control switches
and are used in
many applications because of their relative simplicity, long life, and proven high reliability.
Although relays are
generally associated with electrical circuitry, there are many other types, such as pneumatic and
hydraulic. Input
may be electrical and output directly mechanical, or vice versa. Relays are mainly made for two
basic operations.
One is low voltage application and the other is high voltage. For low voltage applications, more
preference will be
given to reduce the noise of the whole circuit. For high voltage applications, they are mainly
designed to reduce a
phenomenon called arcing

vii. WiFi Module

Espressif Systems ‟Smart Connectivity Platform (ESCP) of high performance wireless
SOCs, for mobile
platform designers, provides unsurpassed ability to embed Wi-Fi capabilities within other
systems, at the lowest
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cost with the greatest functionality. ESP8266 offers a complete and self-contained Wi-Fi
networking solution,
allowing it to either host the application or to offload all Wi-Fi networking functions from
another application
processor. Alternately, serving as a Wi-Fi adapter, wireless internet access can be added to any
microcontroller-
based design with simple connectivity through UART interface or the CPU AHB bridge
interface.

Sr.No. Name of activity Name of activity Plan end Name of responsible

Name of activity date team members
1 Topic selection 19/12/2018 20/12/2018 Nikam Divya Ramrao.
and Discussion Sutar Nikita Bajirao.
on project topic Sawant Prerana
Prashant
2 Collection 29/12/2018 1/1/2019
information Nikam Divya Ramrao.
related project
and analyst it
3 Create proposal 7/1/2019 9/1/2019 Sutar Nikita Bajirao.

4 Design the 18/1/2019 20/1/2019 Sawant Prerana

model Prashant

5 Constructing the 27/1/2019 30/1/2019 Nikam Divya Ramrao.

model Sutar Nikita Bajirao.
Sawant Prerana
Prashant
7 Create the report 5/2/2019 10/2/2019 Nikam Divya Ramrao.
Sutar Nikita Bajirao.
Sawant Prerana
Prashant

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