MOTS 44 - Rev. 2.0 - MOG FP PRO STD 0044 Valving and Isolation

MAERSK
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MOG-FP-PRO-STD-0044 Rev 2. 0
MOTS-44 Valving and Isolation

Effective from: 7th January 2015
2.O 07/or/zols tlew GMS template and document id. Other changes as
ndicated
1.0 07/o2/20t2 lst Issue. Replaces DGL-1.34 and MOQ Valving & Isolation
ìuideline
Revision Date Iotes
Author: Ruth Radcliffe

I Focal point: Patrick Little
Approved by: Per B Angelo
Ê,ft lc¡5.o1.¡S Approval Date: 07 January 2015
0ÊÉ,o6 - lo r s oo 5v 6
This document conta¡ns proprietary lnformatlon belonging to Maersk Oil and shall not be wholly
or part¡ally reproduced nor disclosed without prior written permission from Maersk Oil.
MOG-FP-PRO-STD-0044 Rev 2.0
Page 2 of 26
Table of Contents
1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 4
2 Objective ...................................................................................................... 4
3 Scope .......................................................................................................... 4
3.1 General .................................................................................................... 4
3.2 Existing Facilities ....................................................................................... 4

3.3 Dispensations ........................................................................................... 4
4 Terms and Abbreviations ................................................................................ 5
5 Regulations, Codes and Standards ................................................................... 7

5.1 Laws and Regulations................................................................................. 7
5.2 Codes and Standards ................................................................................. 7

5.3 Company Standards, Procedures and Guidelines ............................................ 7
6 Isolation System Design ................................................................................. 8

7 Positive Isolation ........................................................................................... 9
7.1 Methods of Positive Isolation ....................................................................... 9
8 Valved Isolation ...........................................................................................10
8.1 Double Block and Bleed .............................................................................11
8.2 Single Block and Bleed ..............................................................................11
8.3 Single Block .............................................................................................12

9 Determination of Appropriate Isolation Scheme ................................................12
9.1 Hazardous Service ....................................................................................13
9.2 Toxic Service Definition .............................................................................14

9.2.1 Toxic Service Isolation Requirements ......................................................14
10 Valve Locks and Valve Types .........................................................................14

10.1 Valve Locking ...........................................................................................14
10.2 Valve Types .............................................................................................14

10.2.1 Ball Valves/Plug Valves ..........................................................................14
10.2.2 Globe Valves ........................................................................................15

10.2.3 Gate Valves .........................................................................................15
10.2.4 Butterfly Valves ....................................................................................15
10.2.5 Needle Valves ......................................................................................15
10.2.6 Control Valves ......................................................................................15

10.2.7 Non-Return Valves ................................................................................15
This document contains proprietary information belonging to Maersk Oil and shall not be wholly
or partially reproduced nor disclosed without prior written permission from Maersk Oil.
Page 3 of 26
10.2.8 Integral Valves .....................................................................................15
10.2.9 Actuated Valves ....................................................................................16

11 Standard Isolation Configurations ...................................................................16
11.1 Vessels/Tanks. .........................................................................................16
11.2 Pumps.....................................................................................................17
11.3 Compressors ............................................................................................17

11.4 Heat Exchangers ......................................................................................17
11.5 Engineered Package Units ..........................................................................18

11.6 Flowlines .................................................................................................18
11.7 Pig Launchers and Receivers ......................................................................19
11.8 Drainage .................................................................................................20
11.8.1 Drainage in Hazardous Areas..................................................................20
11.8.2 Drainage in Non-Hazardous Areas ...........................................................20

11.8.3 Drainage for Brownfield Modifications ......................................................20
11.9 Blowdown and Venting ..............................................................................21
11.10 Pressure Relief Devices .............................................................................22
11.11 Instrumentation .......................................................................................23
11.11.1 Level Instrumentation ...........................................................................23
11.11.2 Level Instrumentation Brownfield Modifications ........................................24
11.11.3 Pressure Instrumentation ......................................................................25
11.12 Chemical Injection Points...........................................................................26

11.13 Sample Points ..........................................................................................26
11.14 Piping Deadlegs ........................................................................................26

11.15 Train Isolation ..........................................................................................26
11.16 Segregation .............................................................................................26

12 Appendices ..................................................................................................26
Appendix A - BU Country Specific Requirements
Page 4 of 26
1 Introduction
This technical standard defines the Maersk Oil requirements for designing systems,
onshore and offshore, to isolate equipment or sections of plant in order to permit safe
operation, and to provide access for maintenance and inspection.
This standard forms part of the overall Maersk Oil Technical Standards (MOTS).
The MOTS specify the following:
 Applicable codes and standards.
 Company requirements additional to applicable codes and standards specified.
Application of this technical standard shall be managed at the Business Unit (BU)
Technical Authority (TA)-2 level. Text which is relevant to the MODES has been
repeated in this technical standard for ease of use but is shown in italics. Deviations to
requirements in italics (i.e. MODES requirements) shall therefore be made at BU TA-1
level.
2 Objective
The objective of this technical standard is to ensure a consistent design for the selection
of isolation schemes and associated valving, across all new and modifications to existing
Company facilities with regards to safety, the environment, operability and
maintainability.
3 Scope
3.1 General
This technical standard shall apply to all new installations, and to modifications and
extensions to existing Company facilities, both onshore and offshore. The standard shall
apply during all project stages including, but not limited to, conceptual, FEED, detailed
design, procurement, construction and commissioning. The extent of application of this
standard to marine and topside system interfaces shall be evaluated with reference to
MOG-FP-GEN-STD-2009 Rev 3.0 MODES – Part 09 Marine Systems and Floating Units
Design.
3.2 Existing Facilities

When applied to modifications and extensions to existing facilities this standard shall
take priority over older and different standards applied to the existing facilities, to the
extent required to obtain safe and operable modifications.
However, this technical standard is not retroactive, although it may be used as a
reference point for performing an audit or gap analysis of existing facilities. When
significant deficiencies compared to industry practice and accepted safety levels, etc.,
are found on existing facilities, then the improvements shall comply with MOTS.
3.3 Dispensations
Dispensations from this technical standard shall not be permitted unless prior written
approval is obtained from the relevant Technical Authority, in compliance with MOG-FP-
GEN-STD-0206: Technical Authority and Dispensation Standard. Proposals for
deviations shall be prepared only when:
 Significant cost savings may be obtained without compromising on Health,
Safety and Environment (HSE) and operability requirements.
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 New experience shows that the requirements are not suitable for the design or
work being performed.
 Concepts or requirements specified are not possible or feasible to fulfil, e.g.
when modifying existing facilities.
4 Terms and Abbreviations

For the purpose of this standard, the following terms and abbreviations shall apply:
Terms
May Verbal form used to indicate a course of action permissible within
the limits of the standard.
Shall Indicates the requirements strictly to be followed in order to
conform to this standard. Deviations from “shall” requirements
shall be subject to dispensation approval.
Should Indicates that among several possibilities, one is recommended as
particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding others or that
a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required.
Other possibilities may be applied subject to agreement.
Block Valve A valve which may be closed for isolation purposes.
Company Maersk Oil, including any of the BUs
Double Block Double block and bleed isolation consists of two closed valves in
and Bleed line, with a bleed valve in between, at each point where the system
or equipment is to be isolated.
Facility Onshore plant or offshore fixed, mobile or floating unit, excluding
mobile drilling units
Flushing Continued filling and draining of a section of line or equipment with
water, in order to minimise the presence of hydrocarbons or other
contaminants from that pipe/equipment prior to breaking
containment.
Human Factors Environmental, organisational and job factors, and human and
individual characteristics, which influence behaviour at work in a
way which can affect health and safety.
Interrelated The use of a procedure to control the operation of a set of locked
Valves valves or individual key locked valves in a pre-determined order.
Locked Open/ Locked Open / Locked Closed refers to a method for securing
Locked Closed valves in either an open or a closed position.
Positive Positive Isolation refers to the measures taken to ensure that under
Isolation no circumstances shall pressure and/or process fluids from a live
system reach an isolated system.
Purging Purging is the displacement of the hazardous vapour contents of
individual equipment or whole systems with an inert material,
usually nitrogen or water to ensure that the system is safe prior to
work commencing.
Single Block Single block and bleed isolation consists of a single closed valve
and Bleed with a downstream bleed valve, at each point where the system or
equipment is to be isolated.
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Valved Isolation Valved isolation refers to isolation by the closure of one or more
valves between an isolated system and a live system. Double block
and bleed and single block and bleed are examples of valved
isolation.
Abbreviations
AIT Auto Ignition Temperature
API American Petroleum Institute
BDV Blowdown Valve
BU Business Unit
DBB Double Block and Bleed
ESD Emergency Shutdown
ESDV Emergency Shutdown Valve
FEED Front End Engineering Design
FO Fail Open
HSE Health, Safety and Environment
IDBB Integral Double Block and Bleed
LO/LC Locked Open/Locked Closed
LT Level Transmitter
MODES Maersk Oil Design Standard
MOTS Maersk Oil Technical Standard
NB Nominal Bore
NO Normally Open
NC Normally Closed
NORM Normally Occurring Radioactive Materials
PCHE Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger
PO Purchase Order
ppm Parts per million
PSV Pressure Safety Valve
PT Pressure Transmitter
RO Restriction Orifice
RS Removable Spool
TA Technical Authority
TEG Tri-Ethylene Glycol
WAG Water Alternating Gas
Page 7 of 26
5 Regulations, Codes and Standards

All regulations, codes and standards referred to in this technical standard shall apply in
the latest edition, unless otherwise specified.
Appendix A lists any specific amendments to this standard, depending on Business Unit
(BU) geographical locations.
Codes and Standards listed in section 5.2 and Company Standards, Procedures and
Guidelines listed in section 5.3 shall only be those referred to in the main text. Only
primary references shall be listed.
5.1 Laws and Regulations

If the country of installation has laws and regulations related to the scope of this
technical standard, then they shall be applied in addition to the requirements in this
technical standard. In case of conflict, the most stringent requirements shall apply.
5.2 Codes and Standards
Reference Title
Offshore Production Installations – Analysis, Design,
Installation and Testing of Basic Surface Process Safety
ISO 10418
Systems
(ISO version of API RP 14C)
Design and Installation of Piping Systems on Offshore
ISO 13703 Production Platforms
(ISO version of API RP 14E)
API STD 609 Butterfly Valves: Double-Flanged, Lug- and Wafer-Type
API STD 6D Specification for Pipeline Valves
5.3 Company Standards, Procedures and Guidelines

Reference Title
MOG-FP-GEN-STD-0206 Technical Authority and Dispensation Standard
MOG-FP-GEN-STD-2001 MODES – Part 01 Safety Design
MOG-FP-GEN-STD-2002 MODES – Part 02 Process and Utility Design
MODES – Part 09 Marine Systems and Floating Units
MOG-FP-GEN-STD-2009
Design
MOG-FP-PIP-STD-0002 MOTS-02 Piping Design and Materials
MOG-FP-PIP-STD-0016 MOTS-16 Valves
MOG-FP-PRO-STD-0042 MOTS-42 Flare and Vent Systems, Relief and Blowdown
MOG-FP-PRO-STD-0043 MOTS-43 Drains Systems
MOG-FP-PRO-STD-0045 MOTS-45 Locked Open / Locked Closed Valves
MOG-GO-STD-0002 Operational Safety Procedures
Page 8 of 26
6 Isolation System Design

This technical standard describes methods for designing systems to isolate equipment
or sections of plant in order to;
 Permit safe and controlled removal of equipment from operation.
 Provide safe access for maintenance and inspection.
 Tie-in future equipment safely whilst continuing operation.
 Segregate the facilities in an emergency to control hydrocarbon inventories.
The methods described here are applicable for all hazardous and non-hazardous process
and utility systems.
In general, provision shall be made to isolate all equipment, either separately or
commonly, within a process or non-hydrocarbon system. The isolation system design
shall;
 Be efficient with the use of isolation to minimise the number of flanges and thus
leak paths.
 Allow the system requiring maintenance to be isolated from all pressure sources.
 Minimise the trapped inventory around the system or equipment requiring
maintenance.
 Provide adequate vent and drain connections to ensure that the isolated system
or equipment is free from pressure and fluids before breaking the containment.
 Provide purging connections adjacent to boundary isolations to minimise dead
legs where hazardous fluids could become trapped.
 Provide flushing connections to minimise the amount of residual hydrocarbons in
the system or equipment following draining.
 Allow the system requiring maintenance to be reinstated in a controlled and safe
manner.
 Provide consistent isolation configurations to minimise errors through Human
Factors.
 Be reviewed in collaboration with the BU Operations team.
This document defines the method of isolation, and not where the isolation valves
should be located physically. Piping design requirements and specification of valving are
detailed within MOG-FP-PIP-STD-0002: “MOTS-02 Piping Design and Materials” and
MOG-FP-PIP-STD-0016: “MOTS-16 Valves”.
This document shall not be considered as an operational guide to safe pipework and
equipment intervention. This is covered in MOG-GO-STD-0002: “Operational Safety
Procedures”.
Isolation may be achieved by;
 Positive isolation – insertion of a spectacle blind, blind flange, spacer/spade or
removal of a pipe spool.
 Valved isolation – closure of inline valves.
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7 Positive Isolation
Positive isolation shall be utilised in circumstances where guaranteed prevention of
leakage of pressure and/or process fluids from a live system to an isolated system is
required. The isolation shall be achieved by installation of a physical barrier e.g.
spectacle blind, spade, or by removal of a piping spool. MOG-FP-GEN-STD-2002:
“MODES - Part 02 Process and Utility Design”.
Positive isolation shall be installed under the following circumstances:
 To isolate major items of equipment or a section of plant which may be
segregated for long term inspection or maintenance without requiring a complete
process shutdown.
 To permit isolation of vessels and tanks in preparation for entry of personnel.
 To prevent contamination of utility supplies during normal operation, e.g. water
and air, where these are permanently connected to a process unit.
 Isolation of future connections.
 When hot work is necessary.
The following additional points shall be noted:
 Single block valves used for filling, venting and draining on process systems and
equipment shall be fitted with fully rated blind flanges.
 All hazardous service handling equipment shall have the facility to be positively
isolated.
 Positive isolation shall also be considered to allow hydrostatic testing and
commissioning of parts of piping and systems while further hook-up/construction
activities continue.
7.1 Methods of Positive Isolation

Positive isolation shall be achieved by:
 Removal of a flanged spool piece and fitting of blind flanges to the open ended
pipes and nozzles.
 A spectacle blind rated to the full piping specification.
 A spade and spacer rated to the full piping specification.
The following additional points shall be noted:
 Spectacle blinds and spade / spacer shall be located in the vertical orientation
(to avoid the requirement for pipe to be lifted when changing between spade and
spacer).
 Cognisance shall also be taken of the effects of the pipe operating temperature,
atmospheric humidity, corrosion of the sealing faces, ice formation or excessive
condensation and weight when specifying spectacle blinds versus spades and
spacers.
 Configuration of removable spools around vessels shall allow efficient handling
and access for inspection.
 For class 900# pipework and above, the requirement and provision for handling
and lifting the positive isolation shall be assessed early in the design and pre-
investment should be considered.
Table 7-1 shows the preferred options and order of precedence for achieving positive
isolation.
Page 10 of 26
600# Rated Pipework and Below 900# Rated Pipework and Above
1. For 3” Nominal Bore (NB) and smaller 1. Removable Spools.

in ANSI 150# and 300# rating - no
permanently installed spacer. Piping
design shall provide flexibility to
spread flange and insert spade.
2. Removable Spools – provided this 2. Permanently installed spacer (with

does not introduce additional flanges fully rated spade inserted when
and that enough flexibility / space is required).
available.
3. Permanently installed spectacle blinds

(up to 50 kg weight maximum).
4. Permanently installed spacer (with

fully rated spade inserted when
required).
Table 7-1: Options and Order of Preference for Positive Isolation
8 Valved Isolation
Valved isolation shall be used to implement and remove positive isolation, as described
in section 7 Positive Isolation.
Under circumstances where positive isolation is not necessary, valved isolation may be
used alone, subject to the criteria outlined in Table 9-1;
 For short term, minor maintenance which is no longer than one work shift
and where frequent isolation for on-line maintenance is required, e.g. cleaning of
filters.
 For chemical injection points which are in intermittent operation.
 Where it is necessary to isolate a system but also hold it ready for use with the
minimum of intervention i.e. for spared or bypassed equipment.
 For segregation of the facilities in an emergency.
 To separate process units and provide limits of operation.
Means of achieving valved isolation are;
 Separate double block and bleed valves.
 Integral double block and bleed (IDBB).
 Single block and bleed valves.
 Integral single block and bleed (ISBB).
 Single block valve.
Application of double block and bleed versus single block and bleed valved isolation is
dependent on the pipe class rating, the operating pressure of the system and whether
the system is classified as toxic service. Refer to section 9 Determination of Appropriate
Isolation Scheme for details.
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Any requirement for a deviation from the above criteria shall be approved by the BU
Process TA-2, using the dispensation system.
8.1 Double Block and Bleed

Figure 8-1 shows examples of double block and bleed valve isolation with provision for
positive isolation e.g. spectacle blind and removable spool.
Figure 8-1: Double Block Valve Isolation Schemes
Double block and bleed isolation shall consist of two block valves with a bleed located in
between. The principle of double block and bleed isolation is that it provides a provable
barrier between the systems to be isolated. The valves shall be proved to ensure
acceptable leakage rates and during the period of time that the isolation is in place, the
bleed valve shall be utilised to monitor for leakage and prevent pressure build-up on the
downstream isolation valve in the event of leakage and is an essential part of valved
isolation. MOG-FP-GEN-STD-2002: “MODES - Part 02 Process and Utility Design”.
Once a valve has been proven leak tight, the likelihood of a leak then developing during
the isolation is low, but the risk cannot be eliminated. In each situation, consideration
shall be given to the periodic testing of the upstream valve of the isolation.
The block valves in the double block and bleed isolation shall be installed as close to
each other as possible. To assist in monitoring for pressure build-up between the block
valves, a pressure gauge may be connected to the bleed valve.
8.2 Single Block and Bleed

Figure 8-2 shows single block and bleed valve isolation with provision for positive
isolation, e.g. spectacle blind or removable spool.
Single block and bleed isolation consists of a single closed valve with a downstream
bleed valve, at each point where the system or equipment is to be isolated.
The bleed valve is located on the depressurised side of the block valve so that leakage
is to be tested prior to breaking a flange.
If there is leakage, then additional equipment/piping shutdown may be required to
establish secure isolation.
Page 12 of 26
Figure 8-2: Single Block Valve and Bleed Isolation Schemes
8.3 Single Block

Single block valves in service to atmosphere as a bleed, atmospheric vent, tie-in point
etc. shall be provided with a blind flange. Single block may also be used in isolation
service in accordance with Table 9-1 and in specific services described in section 11
Standard Isolation Configurations.
9 Determination of Appropriate Isolation Scheme

Table 9-1 gives the minimum required isolation standards based upon the hazard
classification described in section 0 and 9.2 and upon the maximum operating pressure
of the adjacent operational system.
Toxic
Non-Hazardous Hazardous
Criteria Service
Service Service
(ref section 9.2)
Double Block & Double Block & Double Block &
Piping class 300# rating or above
Bleed Bleed Bleed
Single Block & Double Block & Double Block &
Operating Pressure > 14 barg
Bleed Bleed Bleed
Single Block & Double Block &
Operating Pressure ≤ 14 barg Single Block
Bleed Bleed
General Note: See section 11 for specific exceptions.
Table 9-1: Minimum Required Isolation Standard
For a given isolation scheme, any deviation to the double block and bleed criteria
outlined in Table 9-1 (MOG-FP-GEN-STD-2002: “MODES - Part 02 Process and Utility
Design”) and specific exceptions shall be subject to TA-1 Engineering approval, using
the dispensation scheme.
Page 13 of 26
9.1 Hazardous Service

For the purposes of isolation, hazardous service is defined as follows:
 Fluids above their Auto Ignition Temperature (AIT).
 Flammable liquids flashing on leakage that may form a vapour cloud, including
Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs).
 Flammable gases which may form a vapour cloud on leakage.
 Fluids liable to cause a hazard by blockage due to hydrate formation or solids
deposition.
 Fluids with a flash point below 60°C, including methanol.
 Heating medium fluids (above >60°C).
Table 9-2 lists fluids considered to be in hazardous and non-hazardous service.
HAZARDOUS SERVICE NON-HAZARDOUS SERVICE

PROCESS FLUIDS
Hydrocarbon – Gas
Hydrocarbon – Liquid
Produced Water UTILITIES
Fuel Gas Fresh / Potable Water
UTILITIES Cooling Water
Heating Medium Seawater / Firewater
Inert Gas Instrument Air
Hot Water (>60°C) Diesel Fuel
Injection Water >= 300# Hypochlorite generation
TEG (>60°C) Sewage
Injection Chemicals Non-Hazardous Area Open
Methanol Drains
Hydraulic Oil Injection Water < 300#
Hazardous Area Open Drains

Helifuel
Steam
Closed Drains
Table 9-2: Classification of Fluids
It may be possible to down-rate some fluids from hazardous to non-hazardous

classification in certain circumstances, e.g. produced water, once degassed and below
60°C (max permitted temperature for personnel protection), may be classed as non-
hazardous, with any required isolation scheme designed accordingly. Any such change
in classification shall be approved by the BU Process TA-2, using the dispensation
system.
Page 14 of 26
It may be required to upgrade some fluids from non-hazardous to hazardous

classification to comply with local regulations or in certain circumstances, e.g. diesel
fuel, with any required isolation scheme designed accordingly.
9.2 Toxic Service Definition

For the purposes of isolation, toxic service is defined as follows:
 Toxic substances which may cause serious, lasting or irreversible damage to
personal health or the environment unless prompt restorative measures are
taken. Examples of substances that shall be considered toxic are H2S gas, NORM
and Mercury (Hg).
A detailed toxic service definition is provided in MOG-FP-GEN-STD-2001: “MODES – Part
01 Safety Design”.
9.2.1 Toxic Service Isolation Requirements

Double block and bleed isolation shall be utilised for any toxic service.
Where positive isolation is required in toxic service, additional safeguards may be
necessary for its installation and removal. Additional personnel protection, routing of
the bleed discharge to a safe location and / or a second bleed valve to drain any
trapped leakage safety should be considered.
10 Valve Locks and Valve Types

10.1 Valve Locking
Locked valves shall be provided on systems where for the purposes of safe operation,
the isolation valves are required to operate in either the locked open (LO) or locked
closed (LC) position. Refer to MOG-FP-PRO-STD-0045: “MOTS-45 Locked Open / Locked
Closed Valves” for further details.
Isolation valves which are not designated as LO/LC valves and are in their not normal
position, e.g. in use and performing as isolation, shall be secured and identified in the
Isolation Plan in accordance with MOG-GO-STD-0002: “Operational Safety Procedures”.
10.2 Valve Types

Valved isolation should be achieved using tight shut off valves, e.g. either ball, gate or
plug valves.
Types of valves for isolation service are described in general below and specific isolation
valve requirements shall conform to the valve specification and details in MOG-FP-PIP-
STD-0016: “MOTS-16 Valves”.
10.2.1 Ball Valves/Plug Valves

The preferred choice for isolation purposes, providing the valve body and trim materials
are fully compatible with the process fluids and process conditions. These valves should
generally not be used for throttling purposes. Ball valves and plug valves are suitable
for tight shut-off service.
Page 15 of 26
10.2.2 Globe Valves

Globe valves may be used to provide isolation from drains system back-pressure and
where they are installed in a clean service duty i.e. free from solid contaminants. Globe
valves should not be part of an isolation system in dirty service e.g. closed drains
connection from a separator, as they are susceptible to damage and erosion of the
sealing faces, thus reducing the effectiveness of the isolation. Use of globe valves in an
isolation scheme should be carefully considered, depending on their service conditions,
and their integrity fully proven prior to use.
10.2.3 Gate Valves

Gate valves may also be used for isolation, providing the valve body and trim materials
are fully compatible with the process fluids and process conditions. These valves should
generally not be used for throttling purposes. In general, the level of isolation provided
by a gate valve is inferior to that provided by a ball valve or plug valve, and as a
consequence, gate valves are not usually considered suitable for tight shut-off service.
10.2.4 Butterfly Valves

Butterfly valves should not be used for hazardous service isolation. In some non-
hazardous services e.g. seawater, firewater , butterfly valves may be used for isolation
and an additional flange shall be provided between the valve and the removable spool
piece to allow for spool removal without disturbing the butterfly valve. In general, the
level of isolation provided by a butterfly valve is inferior to that provided by a ball valve
or plug valve, and as a consequence, butterfly valves are not usually considered
suitable for tight shut-off service.
For new facilities, any requirement to use butterfly valves for isolation purposes shall be
subject to BU Process TA-2 approval, using the dispensation system. The valve shall be
designed to API 609 criteria i.e. able to withstand 110% of the maximum ASME rated
differential pressure rating for “dead-end” service.
10.2.5 Needle Valves

Needle valves are not normally used for isolation but for throttling service, however
needle valves, in the form of slimline double block and bleed, are the preferred choice
for isolation between process and instrumentation, refer to section 11.11.
10.2.6 Control Valves

Control valves and choke valves shall not be utilised for any isolation purpose as part of
a double block and bleed or single block and bleed isolation configuration.
10.2.7 Non-Return Valves

Non-return valves shall not be utilised for isolation purpose.
10.2.8 Integral Valves

Some integral valves, known as ‘DBB’ in API 6D, do not provide double isolation when
only one side is under pressure.
Integral double block and bleed valves, IDBB, may be considered in double block and
bleed isolation service when it consists of two block valves with a bleed located in
Page 16 of 26
between in accordance with MOG-FP-GEN-STD-2002: “MODES - Part 02 Process and

Utility Design”.
If positive isolation is required in a particular isolation configuration, integral double
block and bleed valves should not be specified if the positive isolation is to be positioned
between the double isolation valves.
Integral slimline double block and bleeds valves may be used for instrumentation
isolation, refer to section 11.11.
10.2.9 Actuated Valves

“Fail closed” Emergency Shutdown Valves (ESDVs) shall only be used as part of a
double block and bleed isolation, with isolation or disconnection of the pneumatic,
hydraulic or electric actuation. “Fail open” valves shall not be permitted as part of a
double block and bleed isolation scheme.
The use of double acting valves may be permitted, with appropriate controls put in
place, however this shall require approval by the BU Process TA-2, using the
dispensation system.
Additionally, the use of other actuated valves shall only be permitted with the approval
of the BU Process TA-2.
11 Standard Isolation Configurations

Isolation configuration is very specific to each situation. This section provides standard
approaches where exceptions to Table 9-1 are identified and also typical examples to
assist the Process Engineer to provide a consistent design. An isolation philosophy
should be prepared for each facility.
11.1 Vessels/Tanks.
 Positive isolation shall be provided on all process equipment nozzles where the need
to enter equipment for inspection or maintenance has been identified. Positive
isolation shall be located as close to the vessel as practicable.
 The use of removable spool pieces is preferred as this; physically disconnects
equipment from the remainder of the process system, avoids any confusion over
whether a spade or spacer is installed and allows inspection of vessel nozzles.
Where removable spool pieces cannot reasonably be installed e.g. due to space
and/or access restrictions, spectacle blinds or spade and spacers may be used.
 Where a vessel inlet or outlet piping is manifolded e.g. connected to more than one
nozzle, a single positive isolation at the manifold isolation valve is recommended,
rather than positively isolating each separate vessel nozzle. This single positive
isolation should be clearly visible from the vessel.
 Where a vessel forms part of a process train then it is acceptable to provide positive
isolation at the train boundary limits. However, it shall be noted that if a process
train has multiple connections to flare or other utilities, then a vessel may require
dedicated isolation for these connections.
 Positive isolation of a relief valve discharging to a closed system shall be achieved
with a removable spool (to avoid spade or spectacle blind in the relief route).
 Utility connections shall be provided at the side or top of all vessels in process fluid
service to enable the vessel to be purged with nitrogen prior to installing positive
isolation.
Page 17 of 26
 Dedicated purge connections shall be provided adjacent to the system boundaries

and located at positions which allows the maximum sweep of hazardous material to
the vent and minimises dead legs.
11.2 Pumps
 Removable piping spool pieces shall be provided for maintenance purposes on the
suction and discharge nozzles of each pump. Blind flanges shall be fitted on suction
and discharge piping when spools are removed.
 Pump casings shall be fitted with vent and drain connections. Casing vents and
drains in process/hazardous service shall be hard-piped to the flare/vent and closed
drain systems respectively (as per Table 9-1). Vents, however, shall also be
positively isolated in normal operation by means of a removable spool to avoid the
risk of routing liquids to the flare headers.
 Additional connections, such as seal oil etc., should be considered in any isolation
scheme for a pump.
11.3 Compressors
 Facilities shall be provided to positively isolate individual compression trains from all
sources of process fluids in order to allow maintenance whilst production continues.
This isolation shall include all equipment relating to the individual compression train
(e.g. suction scrubbers and aftercoolers etc.).
 Double block and bleed isolation shall be provided between the production
(oil/water/gas) separation process and gas compression facilities.
 For compressor maintenance, spool pieces shall be utilised on the suction and
discharge nozzles to provide positive isolation. The spool pieces utilised for positive
isolation shall be remote from the casing such that it is not necessary to disturb the
casings and alter compressor alignment. Additional removable spools may be
supplied to allow for casing removal.
 Isolation for casing vents and drains shall be provided as a minimum in accordance
with Table 9-1.
 Additional connections for seal gas, etc. should also be considered when designing
the isolation barriers. Isolation may need to be locked open to ensure open route to
flare/vent.
11.4 Heat Exchangers

 To facilitate the removal of the exchanger tube bundles and plates e.g. for
inspection and cleaning, removable spool pieces shall be provided as a means of
positive isolation.
 Vents and drains shall be provided from the associated pipework and shall be hard
piped, where appropriate, to permit safe depressurisation and draining prior to
maintenance.
 Chemical clean-out connections, if required, shall be provided at the exchanger,
between the exchanger and isolation blind.
 Should wafer type butterfly valves be used to isolate heat exchangers in the non-
hazardous service, an additional flange shall be provided between the valve and the
removable spool piece to allow for spool removal without disturbing the butterfly
valve.
Page 18 of 26
 Removable spool pieces shall be used for Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger (PCHE)
connections for ease of removal and cleaning.
11.5 Engineered Package Units

 Valving and spool pieces for isolation may be off-skid rather than being included as
part of the package.
 Provision for positive isolation shall be installed on all process fluid lines entering or
leaving an engineered package at the skid edge.
 Care should be taken to avoid duplicating isolation facilities both inside and outside
packages.
 Individual items of equipment within the package shall comply with requirements in
this standard.
11.6 Flowlines
 Production flowlines shall be provided with a check valve and valved isolation in
accordance with Table 9-1 to allow continued production from adjacent wells.
 Future flowline tie-in points at the production and test manifolds shall, as a
minimum, be fitted with a blind flange. The blind flange shall be provided with a
bleed valve or a drip-ring with bleed. Tie-ins that are to be made within 5 years of
installation shall be fitted with a single block valve and blind flange if the project
philosophy is to shutdown adjacent equipment for tie-in. If the project philosophy is
based upon live tie-in of future equipment, then the valved isolation shall be in
accordance with Table 9-1.
 Gas lift flowlines shall be provided with double block and bleed isolation at the gas
lift manifold.
 Future flowline tie-in points at the gas lift manifolds shall be, as a minimum, fitted
with a blind flange. The blind flange be provided with a bleed valve or utilise
facilities such as a drip-ring with bleed. Tie-ins that are to be made within 5 years of
installation shall be fitted with a single block valve if the project philosophy is to
shutdown adjacent equipment for tie-in. If the project philosophy is based upon live
tie-in of future equipment, then the isolation shall be in accordance with Table 9-1.
 Water injection flowlines shall be provided with, as a minimum, single block and
bleed isolation at the water injection manifolds. Where double block and bleed
valves are required (as per requirements in Table 9-1Table 9-2) but only a single
block and bleed are selected, the water injection manifold shall be depressurised to
2 barg or less prior to maintenance.
 Water injection and gas injection flowlines in water alternating gas (WAG) service
shall have, as a minimum, a double block and bleed isolation at the connection to
their respective manifolds. Assessment of interconnected overpressure cases shall
be undertaken.
 Future flowline tie-in points at the water injection manifolds shall consist of a single
block valve and blind flange. The water injection manifold shall be isolated and
depressurised when future flowlines are connected and/or intrusive flowline
maintenance is required.
Page 19 of 26
11.7 Pig Launchers and Receivers

Pig launchers/receivers are regularly opened up while connected to live pipeline
systems. The safety of personnel during their operation depends on door isolation and
operating procedures.
Pig launchers and receivers shall be provided with the following isolation, venting and
draining facilities:
General
 Equalising valves should be installed across a launcher kicker line isolation valves.
 All isolation valves 12” and above which need to be operated for the pigging
operation shall be appropriately actuated, with hand-wheel back-up in case of motor
failure.
 Positive isolation shall be provided in accordance with section 11.1. Positive isolation
shall be in the closed position when the pig launcher/receiver is in long term
isolation. Depending on a number of factors, such as regularity of pigging, pressures
and fluid service, valved isolation may be appropriate based on an assessment of
risk, however dispensation shall be approved by the BU Process TA-2, using the
dispensation system.
Interlock System
 As a minimum, a system of interrelated valves shall be provided on the isolation
valves around the launcher/reciever to ensure that they cannot be opened to the
process, flare and closed drains whilst the end closure is open. Increasing the scope
to provide mechanical interlocks should be considered.
 The launchers and receivers shall be provided with high pressure quick opening
closures e.g. Scholtz. They shall be fitted with a safety device which shall prevent
the closure from being opened whilst under pressure.
 A trapped key interlock system between the end closure and the vent valves shall
be provided.
Receiver Inlet/Launcher Outlet
 Double block and bleed valves shall be provided between the launcher or receiver
and the pipeline riser. The valves shall be special bore ball valves with bores the
same as the inside diameter of the pipeline.
Drains
 Closed drain connections shall be provided at each end of the receiver or launcher
for hazardous service only. As a minimum, closed drains isolation shall be in
accordance with section 11.8.
 A connection to open drains shall be utilised for non-hazardous service (e.g. water
injection) with routing to either hazardous or non-hazardous open drains dependent
on whether the area is rated hazardous or not. Open drains isolation configuration
shall be in accordance with section 11.8.
Relief and Vent

 Connections on the vessel for a relief valve and manual depressurising to flare or
cold vent shall be provided with positive isolation for vessel inspection. A removable
spool is preferred to avoid spade or spectacle blind in the relief route.
 Isolations on manual vents to atmosphere shall be in accordance with Table 9-1.
Page 20 of 26
 A pressure balance line connected to each end of the launcher or receiver to ensure
that a pig cannot form a seal. The balance line shall have single valved isolation and
be connected to the minor barrel as close as possible to the pig trap valve.
11.8 Drainage
11.8.1 Drainage in Hazardous Areas
Equipment requiring drains in process hydrocarbon service shall be provided with a
drain connection to the closed drain. The closed drain connection may be either directly
off the vessel or off the liquid outlet piping.
Closed drains piping and collection headers shall be rated to the same pressure rating
as the source equipment. Refer to MOG-FP-PRO-STD-0043: "MOTS-43 Drains Systems".
The drain assembly shall consist of double block and bleed valves. One of the isolation
valves shall be locked closed to prevent inadvertent flooding of the drains system if a
valve is accidently opened. To control flow an additional globe valve, fitted on the
closed drain side may be provided. Where the liquid contains no debris and is in clean
service, the drain isolation valve may be specified as a globe valve.
For annulus drains, after a recorded risk assessment, both isolation valves may be
specified as normally closed because in some cases of inadvertent opening, only the
expansion volume would discharge to the drains system.
Positive isolation, where required, shall be located as per the configurations shown in
Figure 11-1.
Pressure Flowline Annulus

Vessel
NC
LC
LC
NC
Closed Drain Header Closed Drain Header Closed Drain Header
Figure 11-1: Typical High Pressure Hazardous Closed Drain Connections
11.8.2 Drainage in Non-Hazardous Areas

Equipment requiring drainage in non-hazardous areas shall be provided with a drain
valve (generally a gate or ball valve but dependent on the system). The drained fluids
will be routed to non-hazardous open drains via a tundish or drip tray.
11.8.3 Drainage for Brownfield Modifications

For equipment and pipework requiring drainage to the closed drain system and where
the existing closed drain system is not designed for gas blowby or maximum drain
volumes; positive isolation shall be provided and shall be in the closed position. Closed
positive isolation ensures that the upstream equipment is depressured prior to draining.
Page 21 of 26
An additional globe valve may be provided to control the flow and minimise the
potential for gas blowby.
Flowlines are one of the highest pressure rated systems on the facilities and, when
connecting to closed drain systems which are not fully rated, the positive isolation
should be a removable spool (removed in normal operation). A removable spool ensures
depressurisation to a low pressure prior to drainage and eliminates the risk of overfilling
the closed drain drum. Adequate isolation and bleeds should be provided both sides of
the spool to allow reinstatement and testing. The risks associated with the manual
handling, storage and spool left in situ shall be assessed for 600# and above.
Intermittent online drainage directly from equipment to an unrated closed drain system
should not be specified. Where unavoidable, and risk assessed, the drain assembly
shall be installed as interrelated valves and should include a device to restrict flow (RO
or globe valve). Refer to MOG-FP-PRO-STD-0045: “MOTS-45 Locked Open/ Locked
Closed Valves” for detail on interrelated valves.
11.9 Blowdown and Venting

Venting of process piping or equipment to a flare or vent system may be either by
automated Blowdown Valves (BDVs), control valve or manual de-pressurisation valves.
If a BDV or pressure control valve to flare is available for the equipment, which is
suitably located within a processing train, then a separate maintenance vent may not
be required. However the use of a blowdown valve or pressure control valve as a
maintenance vent shall be approved by the BU Process TA-2, using the dispensation
system.
Isolation downstream of a BDV shall be installed to enable maintenance and change out
of the orifice. The use of single block, full bore valve isolation downstream of a BDV
valve is acceptable provided that the block valve is locked open.
Isolation upstream of a BDV is not preferred. If unavoidable, (i.e. on normally
unmanned installations) the use of a single block and bleed isolation upstream is
acceptable provided that the block valve is locked open when the blowdown system is
online. BDV shall not be used for isolation as they are fail open valves.
Figure 11-2 shows the typical isolation arrangement for a blowdown valve routed to
flare (or vent).
BDV RO
From Live To Flare

Process System
FO 600mm LO
minimum
High pressure spec High pressure, low temperature Low pressure, low
piping spec piping (1) temperature spec piping (1)
Notes:
1. Low temperature piping specification may be required for discharge pipe dependant on blowdown metal
temperature predicted.
Figure 11-2: Typical Isolation Configuration for BDV
For further information, refer to MOG-FP-PRO-STD-0042: "MOTS-42 Flare and Vent

Systems, Relief and Blowdown".
Page 22 of 26
Figure 11-3 shows the standard configuration for a manual de-pressurisation vent.
From Live To Vent

Process System NC / Flare
NC 600mm minimum
High pressure spec High pressure, low temperature Low pressure, low temperature
piping spec piping (1) spec piping (1)
Notes:
1. Low temperature piping specification may be required for discharge pipe dependant on blowdown metal
temperature predicted
Figure 11-3: Standard Configuration for Manual De-pressurisation Vent
The manual de-pressurisation vent connections shall consist of an isolation valve

followed by a globe valve with the exit pipe discharging into the flare/vent system. The
function of the ball valve is for isolation purposes, with the globe valve used to control
the flowrate to the flare or vent, with the ball valve fully open.
All vessels shall be fitted with a local vent connection to atmosphere for maintenance.
This connection may be located directly onto the vessel or onto the gas outlet upstream
of the vessel positive isolation. The connection shall be provided with a single block
valve and blind. It may be utilized as part of inert gas purging of the vessel but not for
the depressurisation which shall be provided by connections to the flare/vent system.
11.10 Pressure Relief Devices

Where a pressure safety valve is spared, i.e. 2 x 100% duty/standby configuration;
 The upstream isolation shall be consistent with the isolation requirements for the
rest of the system (reference Table 9-1).
 Where Table 9-1 requires double block and bleed valves and only single block
and bleed are selected, the equipment shall be shutdown and depressurised to
comply with isolation requirements in Table 9-1.
 Sets of spared PSVs shall have, as a minimum, interrelated locked isolation
valves to ensure that the required numbers of duty PSVs are always open to the
flare. An operating procedure shall be implemented to ensure this is
accomplished. Refer to MOG-FP-PRO-STD-0045: “MOTS-45 Locked Open/Locked
Closed Valves”. Mechanical interlocks may be considered.
 Figure 11-4 shows standard assemblies for spared PSVs.
Where a single (or multiple) PSV(s) are installed with no spare, isolation valves are not
permitted upstream of single relief device as per MOG-FP-GEN-STD-2002: “MODES -
Part 02 Process and Utility Design”. This requirement ensures that the valve cannot be
taken offline for maintenance/replacement without isolating the equipment it is
protecting, thus eliminating the potential for the equipment to remain operational
without relief protection online. The system volume should be minimised where possible
in order to reduce purging and venting cycle times when PSV removal is required.
For pilot operated PSVs; the pilot line shall have the same isolation to that of the main
valve.
PSV discharge lines shall be provided with a single block valve and bleed. The use of
isolation from the flare header is acceptable provided that the block valve is locked
open.
If positive isolation is required for vessel entry, a removable spool shall be installed.
Page 23 of 26
High Pressure Low Pressure

To Flare
Spec. Spec. (3) Low Pressure High Pressure
Spec. (3) Spec.
LO LO
(2) (2)
SP SP
XX XX
LO LC
(1)
SP SP
(1)
XX XX
From protected
system
Notes:
1. Single block and bleed u/s minimum requirement, and de-pressurisation to atmospheric pressure is
required on systems pressure rated greater 150# or toxic service. Double block and bleed shall be used
where de-pressurisation not desired.
2. Piping specification break location across relief valve is dependent on type of relief valve selected.
3. Low temperature piping specification may be required for discharge pipe dependant on relief metal
temperatures predicted.
Figure 11-4: Standard Assembly for Spared Relief Valves
11.11 Instrumentation
11.11.1 Level Instrumentation
Level instrumentation on all vessels within systems where double block and bleed
isolation is required, ref. Table 9-1, shall be provided with double block and bleed
isolation or integral double block and bleed isolation valves.
For systems where single block and bleed isolation is required, ref. Table 9-1, the level
bridle/instrument isolation shall be via a single block valve.
For intermittent service applications to the closed drain system, the isolation valve to
the drains manifold shall be LC. Refer to MOG-FP-PRO-STD-0045: “MOTS-45 Locked
Open/ Locked Closed Valves”, for more details.
Figure 11-5 and Figure 11-6 give typical details.
Page 24 of 26
LT
From other
instruments (same
vessel only)
LC
Closed Drains Header designed for gas blowby
Figure 11-5: Typical Level Instrument Detail for High Pressure Hazardous System Rated
for Gas Blowby
LT
NC
To Open Drains
Figure 11-6: Typical Level Instrument Detail for Non-Hazardous System at <14barg
11.11.2 Level Instrumentation Brownfield Modifications
Where the bridle and downstream system are not rated for gas blowby, and where
regular draining from pressurised upstream equipment is unavoidable and has been risk
assessed, the isolation and drain valves shall be installed as interrelated locked valves.
Refer to MOG-FP-PRO-STD-0045: “MOTS-45 Locked Open/ Locked Closed Valves” for

detail on interrelated valves.
Figure 11-7 gives typical details.
Page 25 of 26
LO
SP
XX
LT
LO
SP Equipment
XX instrument drain
LC manifold
SP
XX
Piping
Specification
Break
Closed Drains Header not designed for gas blowby
Figure 11-7: Typical Level Instrument Detail for High Pressure Hazardous System
11.11.3 Pressure Instrumentation

All pressure instrumentation shall be provided with double block and bleed isolation or
integral double block and bleed valves in accordance with the requirements of MOG-FP-
PIP-STD-0002: "MOTS-02 Piping Design and Materials".
Pressure Transmitters (PT) which initiate an Emergency Shutdown (ESD) shall have a
dedicated tapping into the process line for each transmitter.
Figure 11-8 gives standard details. Refer to MOG-FP-PRO-STD-0045: "MOTS-45 Locked
Open / Locked Closed Valves" for the requirements for locking such valves.
PT
(1)
Equipment or
Pipework
Notes:
1. Slimline double block and bleed valve is shown as typical pressure instrument isolation.
Figure 11-8: Pressure Instrument Detail
Where diaphragms are utilised to segregate the pressure instrumentation from process
fluids, such as in highly viscous service, the diaphragm shall be located downstream of
the isolation valves i.e. between the valves and the pressure instrument. This shall
allow isolation of the instrument and diaphragm for maintenance/replacement etc.
without the need for breaking containment on the equipment or pipework, providing the
criteria in Table 9-1 are met.
Page 26 of 26
11.12 Chemical Injection Points

Chemical injection point isolation shall meet the criteria in Table 9-1 and may use
integral double block and bleed valves providing double isolation can be demonstrated.
11.13 Sample Points

Manual and inline sample point isolation shall meet the criteria in Table 9-1. A tight
shut off connection should be provided at the end points of manual sample points to
atmosphere.
11.14 Piping Deadlegs

Where modifications to facilities or alternative routings result in permanent or
temporary dead legs, the dead legs should be isolated by positive isolation, drained and
purged. Where valved isolation is unavoidable, the configuration shall be in accordance
with Table 9-1 and valve leakage shall be monitored until the dead leg is destructed or
reinstated.
11.15 Train Isolation

Dedicated isolation valves will not be provided for un-spared equipment within a train
except:
 Where the equipment may be bypassed and the process allowed to continue in
operation;
 To reduce system size to a reasonable value with respect to inventory vented
(loss of product, environmental considerations) and with respect to gas freeing
and purging requirements.
Equipment spared within the train shall be provided with isolation at the inlet and outlet
in accordance with sections 8 Valved Isolation and 9 Determination of Appropriate
Isolation Scheme.
11.16 Segregation
Emergency Shutdown Valves (ESDVs) shall be provided at the boundary limits of the
facility (riser ends for offshore and at close to plant fence for onshore) and at the edge
of process areas for onshore facilities on hydrocarbon containing lines.
As per MOG-FP-GEN-STD-2002: “MODES - Part 02 Process and Utility Design”, The
objective of a plant depressurisation system shall be to prevent major escalation during
a fire or explosion incident. Plant depressurisation may be achieved by installing
actuated single isolation ESDVs, known as sectionalisation or segregation valves to limit
the movement of hydrocarbon inventories, and BDVs to remove the hydrocarbon
inventory to flare or vent in a controlled manner.
12 Appendices
Appendix A BU Country Specific Requirements
Appendix A
Page A1 of A1
Appendix A – BU Country Specific Requirements:
A1 – Danish Business Unit (DBU) Requirements

No regional requirements.
A2 - Maersk Oil U.K. (MOUK) Requirements

The following additional requirements shall apply to facilities for MOUK operations:
Reference Title
PRN-GN-015 Process and Mechanical Isolations Manual
A3 - Maersk Oil Qatar (MOQ) Requirements

A4 - Maersk Oil Kazakhstan (MOK) Requirements

A5 - Maersk Oil Angola (MOA) Requirements

A6 - Maersk Oil Norway (MONAS) Requirements


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MAERSK

MOTS-44 Valving and Isolation

Author: Ruth Radcliffe

3.1 General .................................................................................................... 4

3.2 Existing Facilities ....................................................................................... 4

4 Terms and Abbreviations ................................................................................ 5

5 Regulations, Codes and Standards ................................................................... 7

5.2 Codes and Standards ................................................................................. 7

6 Isolation System Design ................................................................................. 8

7.1 Methods of Positive Isolation ....................................................................... 9

8 Valved Isolation ...........................................................................................10

8.1 Double Block and Bleed .............................................................................11

8.2 Single Block and Bleed ..............................................................................11

8.3 Single Block .............................................................................................12

9.1 Hazardous Service ....................................................................................13

9.2 Toxic Service Definition .............................................................................14

10 Valve Locks and Valve Types .........................................................................14

10.2 Valve Types .............................................................................................14

10.2.2 Globe Valves ........................................................................................15

10.2.4 Butterfly Valves ....................................................................................15

10.2.5 Needle Valves ......................................................................................15

10.2.6 Control Valves ......................................................................................15

10.2.8 Integral Valves .....................................................................................15

10.2.9 Actuated Valves ....................................................................................16

11.3 Compressors ............................................................................................17

11.5 Engineered Package Units ..........................................................................18

11.7 Pig Launchers and Receivers ......................................................................19

11.8 Drainage .................................................................................................20

11.8.1 Drainage in Hazardous Areas..................................................................20

11.8.2 Drainage in Non-Hazardous Areas ...........................................................20

11.9 Blowdown and Venting ..............................................................................21

11.10 Pressure Relief Devices .............................................................................22

11.11 Instrumentation .......................................................................................23

11.11.1 Level Instrumentation ...........................................................................23

11.11.2 Level Instrumentation Brownfield Modifications ........................................24

11.11.3 Pressure Instrumentation ......................................................................25

11.12 Chemical Injection Points...........................................................................26

11.14 Piping Deadlegs ........................................................................................26

11.16 Segregation .............................................................................................26

Appendix A - BU Country Specific Requirements

3.2 Existing Facilities

4 Terms and Abbreviations

5 Regulations, Codes and Standards

5.1 Laws and Regulations

5.2 Codes and Standards

5.3 Company Standards, Procedures and Guidelines

6 Isolation System Design

7.1 Methods of Positive Isolation

1. For 3” Nominal Bore (NB) and smaller 1. Removable Spools.

2. Removable Spools – provided this 2. Permanently installed spacer (with

3. Permanently installed spectacle blinds

4. Permanently installed spacer (with

Table 7-1: Options and Order of Preference for Positive Isolation

8.1 Double Block and Bleed

Figure 8-1: Double Block Valve Isolation Schemes

8.2 Single Block and Bleed

Figure 8-2: Single Block Valve and Bleed Isolation Schemes

8.3 Single Block

9 Determination of Appropriate Isolation Scheme