www.mwftr.

com

EECE421 Power System Analysis

1
Capacitance
aC: Capacitance
`Caused by the potential difference
between the conductors
`(Charge) per (unit of potential
difference)
`C = q / V or q = CV

a G: Conductance
`Insignificant
`Ignored in our
discussion
2
 Capacitance
aImpact of Capacitance to Circuit
` Charging Current
` Varying voltage causes current to flow between two conductors

`Impact of Charging Current

3
Impact of Capacitance

aLine Length
aVoltage

4
4.1 E-Field of a long Straight Conductor

5
4.2 Potential Difference between 2 Points
due to a charge
a Potential difference [V] = Work [Joule] per
Coulomb, required to move a Coulomb charge
between 2 points
a Electric Field Intensity [V/m]: (a) Force on a
charge in the field; (b) Force [Newton] per Coulomb,
exerted on a Coulomb charge at a point.

6
 Voltage Drop Between 2 Points
a Equipotential Lines
a Potential Difference is Path Independent
a Energy used (expended) to do work Æ voltage drop

7
 Voltage Drop Between 2 Points
a Instantaneous voltage drop

8
 Capacitance of a 2-wire line
a Capacitance between 2 conductors = “charge on the
conductors per unit of potential difference
between them”: C = q/V [F/m]

a Voltage drop between two: due to qa and qb

9
Voltage Drop between 2 conductors

10
Capacitance Between
2 conductors

11
 Capacitance Between
2 conductors

aPolarity for ln
(D/r) format for Vab
when we have the
third charge qc:
`+: out from a
`+: in to b
`-: in to a
`-: Out from b
12
Class Activity

13
 Class Activity

a Recall

14
Capacitance between a conductor and the neutral

17
 Capacitance between a conductor and the neutral
a Capacitive Reactance to Neutral (Xc):

18
 Capacitance between a conductor and the neutral
a Separation of 2 terms

19
 Example 4.1
a Find the capacitive susceptance per mile of a
single-phase line operating at 60 Hz. The
conductor is Partridge, an outside diameter of
0.642 in, and spacing is 20 ft between centers.
a Susceptance (B) = 1/Xc

20
 Example 4.1
a Find the capacitive susceptance per mile of a single-phase line operating at 60 Hz. The conductor is
Partridge, an outside diameter of 0.642 in, and spacing is 20 ft between centers.

21
4.4 Capacitance of a 3-phase line with equivalent Spacing

22
4.4 Capacitance of a 3-phase line with equivalent Spacing

23
4.4 Capacitance of a 3-phase line with equivalent Spacing

24
Charging current between conductors

25
4.5 Capacitance of a 3-phase line with
unsymmetrical spacing

26
4.5 Capacitance of a 3-phase line with
unsymmetrical spacing

27
4.5 Capacitance of a 3-phase line with
unsymmetrical spacing

28
 Example 4.2
a For a single-circuit 3-phase line, (a) find the capacitance
(C) and the capacitive reactance (Xc) for 1 mile of the line
configured as below with ACSR Drake (diameter of each
conductor is 1.108 inches). (b) If the length of the line is
175 miles and the normal operating voltage is 220 kV, find
(b-1) the capacitive reactance to neutral for the entire
length of the line, (b-2) the charging current per mile, and
(b-3) the total charging Volt-Amperes (VA or Q) for the
entire length of the line.

29
 Example 4.2
a For a single-circuit 3-phase line, (a) find the capacitance (C) and
the capacitive reactance (Xc) for 1 mile of the line configured as
below with ACSR Drake (diameter of each conductor is 1.108 inches).
(b) If the length of the line is 175 miles and the normal operating
voltage is 220 kV, find (b-1) the capacitive reactance to neutral
for the entire length of the line, (b-2) the charging current per
mile, and (b-3) the total charging volt-Amperes (VA or Q) for the
entire length of the line.

30
 Example 4.2
a For a single-circuit 3-phase line, (a) find the capacitance (C) and
the capacitive reactance (Xc) for 1 mile of the line configured as
below with ACSR Drake (diameter of each conductor is 1.108 inches).
(b) If the length of the line is 175 miles and the normal operating
voltage is 220 kV, find (b-1) the capacitive reactance to neutral
for the entire length of the line, (b-2) the charging current per
mile, and (b-3) the total charging volt-ampere (VA or Q) for the
entire length of the line.

31
Class Activity --- 3-Phase L and Y

32
4.6 Effect of Earth on the Capacitance of
3-phase lines

34
4.6 Effect of Earth on the Capacitance of
3-phase lines
a Normal E-Field Lines

35
4.6 Effect of Earth on the Capacitance of
3-phase lines
a Actual E-Field Lines

36
4.6 Effect of Earth on the Capacitance of
3-phase lines
a “Imaginary Conductor”: for the
purpose of capacitance calculation
(on the effect of Earth), the
earth is replaced by a fictitious
charged conductor below the
surface of the earth by a distance
equal to that of the overhead
conductor above the earth.

37
3-Phase line and its image

38
3-Phase line and its image

39
3-Phase line and its image

40
3-Phase line and its image

41
3-Phase line and its image

42
4.7 Bundled 3-phase conductors

43
4.7 Bundled 3-phase conductors

44
4.7 Bundled 3-phase conductors

45
4.7 Bundled 3-phase conductors

46
4.7 Bundled 3-phase conductors

47
4.7 Bundled 3-phase conductors

48
 Example 4.3

a Find the capacitive

49
 Example 4.3
a Find the
capacitive
reactance to
neutral of the
line show below.
The outside
diameter of each
conductor is
1.382 inches, and
the distance of
each bundled
conductor is 45
cm.

50
4.8 Parallel-Circuit 3-Phase Lines
a Example: Find the 60-Hz
Capacitive Susceptance to
Neutral per mile per phase
of the double-circuit 3-
phase lines as constructed
below. The outside
diameter of each conductor
is 0.68 inches.

51
4.8 Parallel-Circuit 3-Phase Lines
a .

52
Summary
a .

53