04 EEEngine

Yamaha's EEEngine (Energy Efficient Engine) technology makes power amplifiers
more energy efficient than ever possible before. Several Yamaha power amplifier
models using this technology are currently, the new "P" series (P4500, P3200, P1600),
and "H" series power amplifiers, and the EMX640 powered mixer offer this innovative
technology and are available for the S/R (Sound Reinforcement) and commercial
markets. Along with energy efficiency, their light weight and compact size make them
the perfect choice for S/R systems where a wide variety of instruments used in various
facilities and large-scale systems can result in very high power consumption.
When conventional power amplifiers drive loads, they make use of only 20-30% of the
electrical power they consume. In contrast, Yamaha's EEEngine technology is
approximately twice as efficient. In other words, an EEEngine driven amplifier can
obtain the same output as a conventional amplifier with only half the power
consumption.
High Power No Longer Means High Heat Dissipation
In a conventional amplifier, a class-B SEPP (Single Ended Push-Pull) circuit is

generally employed, but the output transistor is always driven at a source voltage that
allows the amplifier's maximum output (+/-B) to be achieved. For this reason, even
when the input level is low, the output stage's power loss (heat generation) is high.
The following three technologies have been developed to achieve higher efficiency in
conventional power amplifier system.
* Drive Voltage Switching Amp

* PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) Amp
* SSR (Switching Series Regulator) Amp
Voltage Switching Amp
In the drive voltage switching amplifier system, the power supply voltage is switched
according to the input signal level.
This improves the transistor's power loss characteristics when the input signal level is
low, but when the signal level becomes high it functions in the same way as a
conventional system. Changes in music signal level are large and frequent, so even if
the average power is low the system switches the voltage too frequently to achieve a
big improvement in overall efficiency. In order to improve on this system, one can
imagine a multi-stage voltage switch that increases the number of voltage changes, but
more switches only serve to increase power losses and make the circuit larger and more
complicated. So this solution is impractical.
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) Amp
In the PWM amplifier system, a PWM signal is created according to the signal level of
the audio signal waveform at each point in time. This arrangement results in a small
power loss when output is large, making it possible to improve efficiency. However, a
low pass filter must be inserted in the output stage in order to recover the original
audio signal waveform from the PWM signal. This makes it impossible to avoid
deterioration in the signal ﾕ s frequency response, distortion, etc.
SSR (Switching Series Regulator) Amp
In the SSR system, the supply voltage is lowered to the minimum level necessary to
obtain sufficient power from the amplifier by switching the SSR on and off at intervals
that very according to the amplifier's output or input. In this way, the SSR's output
voltage changes in accordance with the power amplifier's output voltage, so losses at
the output transistor can be kept at a small fixed value regardless of whether the
amplifier's output transistor can be kept at a small fixed value regardless of whether
the amplifier's output value is high or low. However, since the SSR supplies the
switching output waveform by leveling, it is equipped with a leveling circuit. Because
of this circuit, the power supply cannot follow the steep rises in the audio signal that
occur when the amplitude change is large (especially at high frequency). The results is
clipping of the amplifier's output.
Yamaha's EEEngine (Energy Efficient Engine) Technology
By means of a switching drive system, Yamaha's EEEngine technology reduces AC

power requirements and heat loss while maintaining output power and sound quality.
Input power is supplied through a high-efficiency current buffer. During low

requirement periods, it transparently switches the input power on and off
automatically as needed. As the signal becomes large, an independently responding
auxiliary power line supplies the additional power, as required. The output isn't
compromised because the auxiliary power line is driven by the power supply voltage,
which can maintain the maximum output to the speaker
load. The amplifiers make more efficient use of the AC power than conventional
amplifier technology.
Yamaha's EEEngine Technology incorporates the following structure.
* A main power supply line that supplies driving power to the speakers.
* A high-efficiency current buffer combining a switching element that switches the
main power supply line on and off with a leveling circuit.
* A control circuit that varies the on/off switching frequency according to the input
signal level.
* An auxiliary power line that supplies power independent of the main power supply in
quick response to the input signal level.
* A high-speed voltage buffer and current detector that adjust and control the auxiliary
power supply level.
EEEngine (Energy Efficient Engine) Technology Block Diagram
This arrangement ensures efficient and highly accurate power amplification even when
the input signal amplitude rises steeply.

04 EEEngine

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04 EEEngine

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Yamaha's EEEngine (Energy Efficient Engine) technology makes power amplifiers

High Power No Longer Means High Heat Dissipation

In a conventional amplifier, a class-B SEPP (Single Ended Push-Pull) circuit is

* Drive Voltage Switching Amp

PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) Amp

SSR (Switching Series Regulator) Amp

Yamaha's EEEngine (Energy Efficient Engine) Technology

By means of a switching drive system, Yamaha's EEEngine technology reduces AC

Input power is supplied through a high-efficiency current buffer. During low

Yamaha's EEEngine Technology incorporates the following structure.

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