1) The document describes the design of a 5-element Yagi-Uda antenna at 2GHz using different shapes of iron rod as antenna elements.
2) Return loss measurements showed that a hollow cylindrical iron rod performed better than a square rod, as the square shape increased reflections from edges.
3) For optimal directionality, a Yagi-Uda antenna works best when the parasitic elements that improve forward gain, like the reflector and directors, are carefully designed and positioned based on element length and separation distances.
1) The document describes the design of a 5-element Yagi-Uda antenna at 2GHz using different shapes of iron rod as antenna elements.
2) Return loss measurements showed that a hollow cylindrical iron rod performed better than a square rod, as the square shape increased reflections from edges.
3) For optimal directionality, a Yagi-Uda antenna works best when the parasitic elements that improve forward gain, like the reflector and directors, are carefully designed and positioned based on element length and separation distances.
1) The document describes the design of a 5-element Yagi-Uda antenna at 2GHz using different shapes of iron rod as antenna elements.
2) Return loss measurements showed that a hollow cylindrical iron rod performed better than a square rod, as the square shape increased reflections from edges.
3) For optimal directionality, a Yagi-Uda antenna works best when the parasitic elements that improve forward gain, like the reflector and directors, are carefully designed and positioned based on element length and separation distances.
1) The document describes the design of a 5-element Yagi-Uda antenna at 2GHz using different shapes of iron rod as antenna elements.
2) Return loss measurements showed that a hollow cylindrical iron rod performed better than a square rod, as the square shape increased reflections from edges.
3) For optimal directionality, a Yagi-Uda antenna works best when the parasitic elements that improve forward gain, like the reflector and directors, are carefully designed and positioned based on element length and separation distances.
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DESIGN OF YAGI UDA ANTENNA USING DIFFERENT SHAPES OF
IRON ROD AS ANTENNA ELEMENT AT 2GHz
Gulshan Sharma, Ashish Duvey, Manish Jain and P.K. Singhal
Department of Electronics, Madhav institute of Technology & Science, Gwalior-474009
my_sharma@yahoo.co.in, pks_65@yahoo.com
Abstract: In this paper,5-element yagi- uda 2. Antenna design:
antenna is designed for the frequency 2GHz using different shapes of iron rod as antenna element. There no simple formulas for designing yagi-uda Return loss of the designed antennas have been antenna due to the non-linear relationships between compared also shown in paper. physical parameter such as element length, diameter and position and electrical characteristics such as Keywords: Yagi-uda antenna (with 5-element input impedance and gain, but performance can be using different shapes of iron road), spectrum estimated by computer simulation. analyzer FS-135,SWR bridge. For a particular operating frequency a typical design 1.Introduction : would be shown in table 1. The number of element used in the antenna depends on the gain which we A yagi-uda antenna commonly known simply as a have to achieve. So that’s why we have to attach yagi antenna or yagi, is a directional antenna system more element and kept low separation between consisting of an array of a dipole and additional elements to achieve high gain. closely coupled parasitic element(usually a reflector Table 1. Length of dipoles and separation between and one or more directors).The dipole in the array is them. driven, and another element, typically 5 % longer ,effectively operates as a reflector. Other parasitic element shorter than the dipole may be added in front Element Length Separation of the dipole and are referred to as directors. This arrangement increases antenna directionality and gain Reflector 0.55 λ 0.1 λ .That’s why sometimes it referred to as directional Driver 0.45 λ or λ/2 0.1 λ antenna system. A yagi–uda antenna is a widely used antenna design due to its high forward gain Director 0.45 λ 0.1 λ capability, low cost and ease of construction. It is commonly used as a roof top television receiver.
As discussed above it has the parasitic element, so
the function of the parasitic element is to improve the radiation pattern in the forward direction. The reflector is placed behind the dipole and is slightly longer, it provides 3db of additional forward gain but having more than one reflector has little benefit [1].The parasitic element provide forward gain by redistributing the energy of the EM signal generated by the dipole.
Fig 1- Geometrical design of yagi antenna
By using above geometrical formulas we have derived two yagi antennas using different shapes of metal road as antenna element. The typical cross sectional view is shown in figure 2(a) and figure 2(b).
Fig 3-Setup for measurement return loss by spectrum
analyzer for yagi uda antenna.
Fig 2(a)-Yagi antenna using cylindrical iron rod as
antenna element.
Fig 2(b)-Yagi antenna using square iron rod as
antenna element.
3.Measurement and result: In this research,
we have used FS 315 spectrum analyzer to measure return loss of yagi antenna. We put the center frequency 2GHz in spectrum analyzer and get the return loss Vs frequency graphs as shown in fig 4, fig 5 and fig6. The typical setup for measurement by spectrum analyzer (FS-315) shown in fig 3. Fig 4. Variation of return loss with frequency of yagi antenna with square metal rod. 4. Discussion: As seen comparative graph of both the yagi’s we realized that, as long as the square metal rod is uses the tip of return loss in the graph is increases because the reflection is increases because of the sharp edges of square iron rods, so that’s why the cylindrical is more sophisticated in comparison to the square rod as antenna element. One more thing is realized that ,when E.M signal is reflected by the reflector and reflector being square shaped, then some reflection is occur by the edges of square and that reflections created Omni-directional pattern. This is not desirable because it increases the side lobes. So to improve the directionality of yagi antenna the more sophisticated and more better that the hollow cylindrical antenna element is used to achieve a good directional yagi antenna.
5. Conclusion: Fig 5. Variation of return loss with frequency of yagi antenna with cylindrical metal rod. After measurement with FS 315 spectrum analyzer. We found that the radiation characteristics of yagi antenna will changes with different shapes of metallic road. So we should use the metal shapes as per our Now by using FS 315 spectrum analyzer we have got recommendation of our application or on the other the comparative graphs of yagi antenna using hand we can say that the use of hollow cylindrical different shapes of metal road used as antenna iron rod as antenna element is a much better element(as shown). technique to provide directionality to a yagi antenna, which is a main characteristics of yagi-uda antenna.
6.References: [1]Kraus: J.D and R.J marhefka,antenna’s;For all application, 3rd edition, ,2002.
[2]Sun, B-H,S.G zhou, Y.Fwei, and Q.-Z Liu
“Modified two elements” and Yagi-uda-“antenna with tunable beams with tunable beams progress.”
[3]Physical design of yagi antennas, David
B.Leeson, W6QHS, INC.2000.
[4] C.A. Balanis, “Antenna theory”, John Wiley &
Fig 6. comparison return loss with frequency of Sons, Inc., 1997. yagi antenna with both the metal rod.
