INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 4383

Third edition
2000-04-15

Plain bearings — Multilayer materials

for thin-walled plain bearings
Paliers lisses — Matériaux multicouches pour paliers lisses minces
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Reference number
ISO 4383:2000(E)

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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.

Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

International Standard ISO 4383 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 123, Plain bearings,
Subcommittee SC 2, Materials and lubricants, their properties, characteristics, test methods and testing conditions.

This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4383:1991), which has been technically revised.

Annex A of this International Standard is for information only.

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 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4383:2000(E)

Plain bearings — Multilayer materials for thin-walled plain

bearings

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1 Scope
This International Standard specifies requirements for multilayer materials for the manufacture of thin-walled plain
bearings (half bearings, bushes, thrust washers). The multilayer material consists of a steel backing, the bearing
layer (cast, sintered, roll bonded) and possibly an electrodeposited overlay.

NOTE Environmental concerns will, in the future, restrict the use of some materials such as lead.

2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.

ISO 4381, Plain bearings — Lead and tin casting alloys for multilayer plain bearings.

ISO 4382-1, Plain bearings — Copper alloys — Part 1: Cast copper alloys for solid and multilayer thick-walled plain
bearings.

ISO 6691, Thermoplastic polymers for plain bearings — Classification and designation.

3 Requirements

3.1 Chemical composition

The chemical composition shall be within the limits specified in Tables 1 to 5, where single figures denote
maximum values.

3.2 Steel backings

The chemical composition of the steel for backings shall be the subject of agreement between manufacturer and
purchaser. In general, low carbon steel will be used.

For the bronze/polymer composite materials listed in Table 4, copper-coated steel may be used.

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3.3 Bearing layers

Bearing metals based on lead and tin shall be in accordance with Table 1.

Bearing metals based on copper shall be in accordance with Table 2.

Bearing metals based on aluminium shall be in accordance with Table 3.

Bearing layers based on sintered porous bronze and polymers shall be in accordance with Table 4.

NOTE There is now a new class of aluminium-based materials containing both aluminium and silicon or manganese as well
as a "soft" material such as lead or tin. Detailed information is available from individual manufacturers.

3.4 Overlays

Overlays in accordance with Table 5 may be applied for bearing metal layers as indicated in Table A.2. The
thickness of the overlay and any additional layers between the bearing metal layer and the overlay shall be the
subject of agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser.

3.5 Properties and selection of materials

Guidance on bearing metal hardness in strip form and uses of bearing metals is given in annex A.

4 Designation

EXAMPLE

A multilayer material consisting of a steel backing, the bearing metal CuPb24Sn as cast (G) and the overlay PbSn10Cu2 is
designated as follows:

Bearing metal ISO 4383 - G - CuPb24Sn - PbSn10Cu2

Table 1 — Lead and tin alloys (see ISO 4381)

Chemical composition, % (m/m)

Chemical element
PbSb10Sn6 PbSb15SnAs PbSb15Sn10 SnSb8Cu4

Pb Remainder Remainder Remainder 0,35

Sb 9 to 11 13,5 to 15,5 14 to 16 7 to 8
Sn 5 to 7 0,9 to 1,7 9 to 11 Remainder
Cu 0,7 0,7 0,7 3 to 4
As 0,25 0,8 to 1,2 0,6 0,1
Bi 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,08
Zn 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01
Al 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01
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Fe 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1

Total others 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2

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Table 2 — Copper alloys

Chemical composition, % (m/m)

Chemical CuPb10Sn10 a CuPb17Sn5 CuPb24Sn4 CuPb24Sn CuPb30

element G - cast G - cast G - cast G - cast P - sintered
P - sintered P - sintered P - sintered

Cu Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder

Pb 9 to 11 14 to 20 19 to 27 19 to 27 26 to 33
Sn 9 to 11 4 to 6 3 to 4,5 0,6 to 2 0,5
Zn 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5
P 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1
Fe 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,7
Ni 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5
Sb 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5
Total others 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5
a The chemical composition of this alloy differs from that of solid and multilayer thick-walled plain bearings (see ISO 4382-1).

Table 3 — Aluminium alloys

Chemical composition, % (m/m)

Chemical element
AlSn20Cu AlSn6Cu AlSi11Cu AlZn5Si1,5Cu1Pb1Mg

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Al Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder

Cu 0,7 to 1,3 0,7 to 1,3 0,7 to 1,3 0,8 to 1,2

Sn 16,5 to 22,5 5,5 to 7 0,2 0,2

Ni 0,1 1,3 0,1 0,2

Si 0,7 a 0,7 a 10 to 12 1 to 2

Fe 0,7 a 0,7 a 0,3 0,6

Mn 0,7 a 0,7 a 0,1 0,3

Ti 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,2

Pb – – – 0,7 to 1,3

Zn – – – 4,4 to 5,5

Mg – – – 0,6

Total others 0,5 0,5 0,3 0,4

a Total Si + Fe + Mn content shall not exceed 1 %.

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Table 4 — Sintered bronze with polymer running surface

Chemical composition, % (m/m)

Chemical element
CuSn10 CuPb10Sn10

Cu Remainder Remainder

Pb – 9 to 12

Sn 9 to 12 9 to 12

P 0,3 0,3

Total others 0,5 0,5

Running surface and polymer

impregnated with fillers against PTFE POM PVDF PTFE PVDF
friction and wear (see ISO 6691)

Porous sintered bronze Porosity 20 % to 45 % (V/V)

Table 5 — Overlays

Chemical composition, % (m/m)

Chemical element
PbSn10Cu2 PbSn10 PbIn7

Pb Remainder Remainder Remainder

Sn 8 to 12 8 to 12 –

Cu 1 to 3 – –

In – – 5 to 10

Total others 0,5 0,5 0,5

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Annex A
(informative)

Guidance on properties and selection of materials

See Tables A.1 and A.2.

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Table A.1 — Bearing metal hardness in strip form

Rolled and
Bearing alloy As cast Sintered Special treatments
annealed

PbSb10Sn6 19 HV to 23 HV – – 15 HV to 19 HV

PbSb15SnAs 16 HV to 20 HV – – –

PbSb15Sn10 18 HV to 23 HV – – –

SnSb8Cu4 17 HV to 24 HV – – –

CuPb10Sn10 70 HB to 130 HB 60 HB to 90 HB – 60 HB to 140 HB

CuPb17Sn5 60 HB to 95 HB – – –

CuPb24Sn4 60 HB to 90 HB 45 HB to 70 HB – 45 HB to 120 HB

CuPb24Sn 55 HB to 80 HB 40 HB to 60 HB – 40 HB to 110 HB

CuPb30 – 30 HB to 45 HB – –

AlSn20Cu – – 30 HB to 40 HB 45 HB to 60 HB

AlSn6Cu – – 35 HB to 45 HB –

AlSi11Cu – – 45 HB to 60 HB –

AlZn5Si1,5Cu1Pb1Mg – – 45 HB to 70 HB 70 HB to 100 HB

NOTE Hardness values may be increased by skin-rolling; tests should be carried out in accordance with ISO 4384-1.

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Table A.2 — Guidance on use of bearing metals and for the hardness of the mating bearing part (shaft)

Bearing alloy Characteristics Minimum

hardness of the
(overlays) Principal uses in high-speed engines shaft a
PbSb10Sn6 Soft; corrosion resistant; relatively good performance with marginal
PbSb15SnAs lubrication; low fatigue strength; operates with hard or soft shafts. 180 HB
PbSb15Sn10 Lightly loaded main and connecting rod bearings; bushes; thrust washers.

Soft; good corrosion resistance; has the best performance of all bearing
alloys under conditions of marginal lubrication; poor fatigue resistance;
SnSb8Cu4 operates with hard or soft shafts. 220 HB
Lightly loaded main and connecting rod bearings; bushes; thrust washers.
Very high fatigue strength and shock resistance; good corrosion
CuPb10Sn10 resistance; hard shaft desirable. 53 HRC
Wrapped bushes, thrust washers; small end bushes.
Very high fatigue strength and shock resistance; hard shaft desirable;
normally overlay plated when used as a bearing.
CuPb17Sn5 50 HRC
Highly loaded main and connecting rod bearings; wrapped bushes; thrust
washers.
High fatigue strength and shock resistance; suitable for high-speed shafts,
oscillating or rotating motion; hard shaft desirable; normally overlay plated
CuPb24Sn4 when used as a bearing. 48 HRC
Wrapped bushes; thrust washers; main and connecting rod bearings.
High fatigue resistance with cast alloy; medium to high with sintered alloy;
normally plated with an overlay when used in bearing applications and in
CuPb24Sn this form may be operated with hard or soft shafts; susceptible to 45 HRC
corrosion by degraded oil when not overlay plated.
Main and connecting rod bearings; thrust washers.
Moderate fatigue resistance; susceptible to corrosion by degrated oil if not
CuPb30 overlay plated; operates with hard shafts unless overlay plated. 270 HB
Main and connecting rod bearings; wrapped bushes.
Moderate fatigue strength; good corrosion resistance; relatively good
performance in marginally lubricated conditions; may be operated with
AlSn20Cu soft shafts. 250 HB
Main and connecting rod bearings; thrust washers and wrapped bushes.
Moderate to high fatigue strength; good corrosion resistance; normally
AlSn6Cu plated with an overlay and used with hard shafts. 45 HRC
Main and connecting rod bearings and wrapped bushes.
High fatigue strength; normally used with plated overlays in bearing
AlSi11Cu applications; runs against hard shafts; good corrosion resistance. 50 HRC
Main and connecting rod bearings.
High fatigue strength; normally used with plated overlays in bearing
AlZn5Si1,5Cu1Pb1Mg applications; operates with hard or soft shafts. 45 HRC
Main and connecting rod bearings.
PbSn10Cu2 Fatigue strength depends on thickness; soft; good corrosion resistance;
relatively good performance under conditions of marginal lubrication.
PbSb10 –
Applied to main and connecting rod bearings manufactured from
Pbln7 copper/lead-based alloys and the higher strength aluminum-based alloys.
a The tabulated hardness values for the shaft material are minimum values and are valid for the use in high-speed machines. The
working conditions, in particular the lubrication conditions, play a considerable role so that a larger difference in hardness may be necessary
between bearing material and shaft material.

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Bibliography

[1] ISO 4384-1, Plain bearings — Hardness testing of bearing metals — Part 1: Compound materials.

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