Mechanics of Machines: BDA20303 Lecture #04 - Belting

Mechanics of Machines
BDA20303
Lecture #04 - Belting
Maznan Bin Hj Ismon
Department of Engineering Mechanics

Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering,
University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
CHAPTERS : POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
(BELT – PART II)
Today’s Objectives:
Students will be able to:
1. solve problems relate to the power transmission of belt drive
system
Learning topics:
• Power transmission
• Torque ratio
• Centrifugal force
• Effect of centrifugal on
power transmission
2
POWER TRANSMISSION BY BELTS
1
2
Let,
Tt = tension on the tight side of belt in Newtons
Ts = tension on the slack side of belt in Newtons
v = linear velocity of the belt in m/s
Effective tension = (Tt – Ts) N
Therefore, power transmitted by the belt is given by :
= ω =( − ) ω =( − )
3
TORQUE RATIO
P driver  Pdriven
M driver   driver  M driven   driven
M driver  driven

M driven  driver 4
MAXIMUM POWER TRANSMISSION WITH NO BELT SLIP
FLAT BELT
P  (Tt  Ts )v Watt
 1 
P  Tt 1   v Watt
 e 
V-BELT
P  (Tt  Ts )v Watt
 
 1 
P  Tt 1  
v Watt
 sin( / 2 )

 e 
5
EXAMPLE I
A flat belt type is used for a belt drive system connecting 2 pulleys
1.0 m apart. The driver pulley with diameter 50 cm is rotating with
speed of 300 rpm, while diameter of driven pulley is 100cm.
Coefficient of static friction between belt and pulley is 0.3. Maximum
allowable tension is 600 N. Find :
a) angle of contact for driver pulley with the belt.
b) Slack side tension, Ts
c) Power transmitted by the belt
d) If the flat belt is now replaced by a V-belt with groove angle of
α = 60º, find the power transmitted by this belt.
Ans :
(a) 151º
(b) 272.3 N
(c) 2.6 kW
(d) 3.8 kW 6
IN CLASS TUTORIAL I
A pulley with a groove angle of α = 30º is used as a driver in the belt

drive system to transmit power of 40 kW at 180 rpm. Diameter
of the pulley is 1.5 m and angle of contact with the belt β = 170º.
If μ=0.23 and the maximum tension of the belt is 860N , find the
numbers of belt needed to transmit the power.
Ans : 4
7
• Assignment 1 – by 17th Oct 2019
• Chapter 3: Protractor and Compass set
8
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
As the belt passes over the pulley with high velocity,
centrifugal force is produced on the belt, which tends to act on
the belt.
This force tries to move the belt away from the pulley.
ω = constant
centripetal force centrifugal force
F = mrω2 = ρAv2 = mv2/r = ṁv2

9
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
driver side Fc=mv2/r

Tt Tc
Ff
Tc
Ts
T1 = Tt + Tc
Therefore tension of the belt become :
T2 = Ts + Tc 10
EFFECT OF CENTRIFUGAL FORCE ON BELT TENSION
driven side
TTtt
Tt Ts
Ts
Tt (T  T )
Flat belt  1 C  e 
Ts (T2  TC )

Tt (T1  TC ) sin( / 2 )
 e
V - belt
Ts (T2  TC )
11
P  (Tt  Ts )v
 1 
P  Tt 1   v
 e 
With Centrifugal Force Effect
T1 = Tt + Tc
T2 = Ts + Tc
 1 
P  (T1  TC )1   v
 e 
12
MAXIMUM POWER TRANSMISSION WITH
CENTRIFUGAL EFFECT
Power vs speed graph  1 

P  (Tt  Ts )v  (T1  TC )1   v
 e 
dP
0
dv
T1  3TC
1/ 2
 T1 
v p   
 3A 
The graph shows clearly that the power increase as the speed increase, until a
point where the centrifugal force reduces the grip to such an extend that slippage
reduces the power. Further increase in speed reduces the power as the belt slips
more. At very high speed, there will be no more grips at all and power drops 13 to
zero.
IN CLASS TUTORIAL
A belt drive system consists of 2 parallel V-belts wrapped around 2 pulleys with a
same diameter which is 480mm. The driver pulley rotates at 560rpm. μ = 0.15
between the belt and pulleys and groove angle α = 60º. The maximum tension is
5850 kN/m2, cross-sectional area of the belt material is A = 660 mm2 and density
of belt’s material ρ = 1220kg/m3. If the driver pulley rotates with a speed of 560
rpm and the driven pulley rotates with a speed of 510 rpm because of slip,
determine :
(a) tension distributed by centrifugal force in one V-belt.
(b) maximum tension in Newton.
(c) power transmitted by the driver’s pulley
(d) power received by the driving pulley
(e) Efficiency of the belt drive system
Ans :
(a) 159.5 N
(b) 3861 N
(c) 64 kW
(d) 57.8 kW
(e) 91.0 % 14
BELT JOINING
Belt Join Clamping Devices
15
POSITIONS OF SLACK AND TIGHT SIDES OF BELT
• The positions of input and output pulleys are such that

the tight side of the belt must be on the bottom and slack
side on the top of the pulleys. Otherwise, the angle of
contact between the belt and rim of the pulley reduces,
decreasing the power transmission capacity of the belt.
16
END
17

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Mechanics of Machines

Maznan Bin Hj Ismon

Department of Engineering Mechanics

A pulley with a groove angle of α = 30º is used as a driver in the belt

centripetal force centrifugal force

F = mrω2 = ρAv2 = mv2/r = ṁv2

driver side Fc=mv2/r

With Centrifugal Force Effect

Power vs speed graph  1 

Belt Join Clamping Devices

• The positions of input and output pulleys are such that

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