Aryabhatt Institute of Technology

New Delhi, India

(FINAL YEAR 2021)

PROJECT REPORT
ON
WORKING OF PNEUMATIC SHEARING MACHINE

SUBMITTED BY SUBMITTED TO
VIKRANT SINGH MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
1801131123 DEPARTMENT
ABIT, NEW DELHI

PROJECT GUIDE:
SH. S.K TIWARI
(Training and Placement Officer)
Aryabhatt Institute of Technology
New Delhi, India

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(FINAL YEAR 2021)
PROJECT REPORT ON “Working of Pneumatic Shearing machine”

SUBMITTED BY SUBMITTED TO
VIJAY KUMAR PANDEY - 1801131119 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
VIKRANT SINGH - 1801131123 DEPARTMENT
VINAY GUPTA - 1801131124 A.B.I.T, NEW DELHI
VINAY VERMA - 1801131126
YASH GUPTA - 1801131133
YOGENDRA - 1801131134
YOGESH KUMAR - 1801131135

PROJECT GUIDE
SH S.K TIWARI
K.R. RANJAN
 Preface

The Project Report has been prepared as per the requirement of the Project for partial
fulfilment of the curriculum in order to award Diploma in Mechanical Engineering.
The Project is like a bridge between theoretical and practical knowledge. The basic
objective behind making Project and preparing Project Report is to develop understanding
of subject based knowledge delivered in class room, workshops and labs in the context of its
application at work places which enable us to develop first hand confidence and experience
in order to use/apply knowledge and skills to solve practical problems on work places faced
in manufacturing of product and to identify actual field problems including repair and
maintenance of Machine Tools and equipment etc.sd
In order to make the Project, we have visited the industry and conducted market survey for
necessary information and parts.
The Project Report is comprising with the basic concept of
Pneumatic Shearing machine
The detailed information presented in this Project Report is obtained from the various sources
Like-Industrial visit, market survey, websites, reports and Literature.

Name: Roll No.

Vijay Kumar Pandey 1801131119
Vikrant Singh 1801131123
Vinay Gupta 1801131124
Vinay Verma 1801131126
Yash Gupta 1801131133
Yogendra 1801131134
Yogesh Kumar 1801131135
 Acknowledgements

We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to our Project In-Charge and Guide SH. S.K
TIWARI (Placement and Training Officer) of ARYABHATT INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY for providing invaluable guidance and constant enthusiastic encouragement
even in pandemic situation (COVID-19) throughout this Project work. His dynamism,
vision, sincerity and motivation have deeply inspired us. He has taught us the methodology to
carry out the Project within time. Our guide’s systematic approach and dedicated efforts
helped us for successful completion of our Project. His seemingly boundless energy is truly
inspirational and empathy towards us made our work easy. He showed great faith in our
ability and followed us to work independently and also in team work as per necessity of
Project. His kindness and co-operative behaviour throughout the Project would be always
Appreciated. It was a great privilege and honour to study and work under his guidance.

We wish to thank our Project Guide Sh. S.K Tiwari for his guidance, constant
encouragement, understanding our problem and shorting out for the keen interest shown to
complete this Project successfully.

We would also like to thank the Head of Department of Mechanical Engineering, Principle
(ABIT) and Teachers of Mechanical Engineering Workshop for providing necessary facilities
and their help in offering us the resources in completion the Project.

In the last, but not least, we wish to express our sincere appreciation to all the people who

had contributed to his project, both explicitly and implicitly and thankful to all who have
have helped us directly or indirectly during this project.

Vikrant Singh
Vinay Gupta
Vinay Verma
Vijay Kumar Pandey
Yash Gupta
Yogendra
Yogesh Kumar
 ABSTRACT

The technology of pneumatics has gained tremendous importance in the field

of automation from old fashioned timber works, machine shops and space
robots. Certain characterizes of air have made this medium quite suitable for
used in modern manufacturing and production industries. It is therefore
important that technicians and engineers should have knowledge on pneumatic
systems air operated valves accessories. Pneumatic system consists of a
compressor plant, pipe lines, control valves, pneumatic cylinder, connecting
links, control system and drive members. The air is compressed in an air
compressor and from the compressor plant the flow media is transmitted to the
pneumatic cylinder through a well laid pipe line system. So, keeping in mind
about the importance of pneumatic system, introducing a pneumatic sheet metal
cutting. By the use of pneumatic shearing technique, it can reduce human effort
in cutting sheet metal and it is a time saving process. The design is particularly
suited to applications where the working space is constrained. Pneumatic
shearing machines are useful when materials need to be cut in hazardous areas
such as oil & gas refineries, chemical factories or oil rigs as well as dusty and
wet environments where electric tools are not effective.

Keywords: Pneumatic cylinder, connecting links Pneumatic shearing machines,

time and cost saving.
 Contents

Topic Page No.

1. Introduction
2. Working Principle of Pneumatic
Shearing Machine
3.
1. INTRODUCTION

This is an era of automation where it is broadly defined as replacement of manual effort by

mechanical power in all degrees of automation. The operation remains an essential part of the
system although with changing demands on physical input as the degree of mechanization is
increased.

Degrees of automation are of two types, viz.

 Full automation.
 Semi automation.

In semi automation a combination of manual effort and mechanical power is required

whereas in full automation human participation is very negligible.

Need for Automation

Automation can be achieved through computers, hydraulics, pneumatics, robotics,
etc., of these sources, pneumatics forms an attractive medium for low-cost
automation. The main advantages of all pneumatic systems are economy and
simplicity. Automation plays an important role in mass production.

 Reduction of lab our and material cost

 Reduction of overall cost
 Increased production
 Increased storage capacity
 Increased safety
 Reduction in fatigue
 Improved personnel comfort
Fig. 1. Pneumatic Shearing Machine
2. WORKING PRINCIPLE

The compressed air from the compressor is used as the force medium for this operation.
There are pneumatic double acting cylinders, solenoid valve; flow control valve and timer
unit used. The arm from the compressor enters to the flow control Valve. The controlled air
from the flow control valve enters to the solenoid valve. The function of solenoid valves all
of air correct time interval. The 5/2 solenoid valve is used. In one position air enter to the
cylinder and pusses the piston, so that the cutting stroke is obtained.
The next position air enters to the other side of cylinder and pusses the piston returns
back, so that the releasing stroke is obtained. The speed of the cutting and releasing stroke is
varied by the timer control unit circuit.

APPLICATIONS

 This machine is very useful for small scale industries.

 This machine is used to cut the roller sheet metal.
 All Industrial Application.

DISADVANTAGES

 While working, the compressed air produces noise therefore a silencer may be
used.
 High torque cannot be obtained.
 Load carrying capacity of this unit is not very high. (<50 N)

ADVANTAGES

 The pneumatic is more efficient in the technical field.

 Quick response is achieved.
 Simple in construction.
 Easy to maintain and repair.
 Cost of the unit is less when compared to another machine.
 No fire hazard problem due to over loading.
 Comparatively the operation cost is less.
 The operation of cutting is faster because the medium used to operate is
air.
 Continuous operation is possible without stopping.
3. LITERATURE SURVEY:
3.1 Pneumatics
The word „pneuma‟ comes from Greek and means breather wind. The word pneumatics is
the study of air movement and its phenomena is derived from the word pneuma. Today
pneumatics is mainly understood to means the application of air as a working medium in
industry specially to driving and controlling of machines and equipment.

Pneumatics has for some considerable time between used for carrying out the simplest
mechanical tasks. In more recent times it is playing more important role in the development
of pneumatic technology for automation.

Pneumatic systems operate on a supply of compressed air which must be made available in
sufficient quantity and at a pressure to suit the capacity of the system. When the pneumatic
system is being adopted for the first time, however it wills indeed the necessary deal with the
question of compressed air supply. The key part of any facility for supply of compressed air
is by means using reciprocating compressor. A compressor is a machine that takes in air, gas
at a certain pressure and delivers the air at a high pressure. Compressor capacity is the actual
quantity of air compressed and delivered and the volume expressed is that of the air at intake
conditions namely at atmosphere pressure and normal ambient temperature.

The compressibility of the air was first investigated by Robert Boyle in 1962 and he found
that the product of pressure and volume of a particular quantity of gas is inversely
proportional.

It is written

PV = C (or) PıVı = P2V2

In this equation the pressure is the absolute pressured which is about 14.7 Psi and is of
courage capable of maintaining a column of mercury, nearly 30 inches high in an ordinary
barometer. Any gas can be used in pneumatic system but air is the mostly used system now a
days.

3.2 Selection of Pneumatics:

Mechanization is broadly defined as the replacement of manual effort by mechanical power.
Pneumatic is an attractive medium for low-cost mechanization particularly for sequential (or)
repetitive operations. Many factories and plants already have a compressed air system, which
is capable of providing the power (or) energy requirements and the control system (although
equally pneumatic control systems may be economic and can be advantageously applied to
other forms of power). The main advantage of an all-pneumatic system is usually economic
and simplicity the latter reducing maintenance to a low level. It can also have outstanding
advantages in terms of safety.
3.3 Production Of Compressed Air
Pneumatic systems operate on a supply of compressed air, which must be made available in
sufficient quantity and at a pressure to suit the capacity of the system. When pneumatic
system is being adopted for the first time, however it wills indeed the necessary to deal with
the question of compressed air supply. The key part of any facility for supply of compressed
air is by means using reciprocating compressor. A compressor is a machine that takes in air,
gas at a certain pressure and delivered the air at a high pressure. Compressor capacity is the
actual quantity of air compressed and delivered and the volume expressed is that of the air at
intake conditions namely at atmosphere pressure and normal ambient temperature. Clean
condition of the suction air is one of the factors, which decides the life of a compressor.
Warm and moist suction air will result in increased precipitation of condense from the
compressed air. Compressor may be classified in two general types. 1. Positive displacement
compressor. 2. Turbo compressor. Positive displacement compressors are most frequently
employed for compressed air plant and have proved highly successful and supply air for
pneumatic control application. The types of positive compressor are: 1. Reciprocating type
compressor 2. Rotary type compressor. Turbo compressors are employed where large
capacity of air required at low discharge pressures. They cannot attain pressure necessary for
pneumatic control application unless built in multistage designs and are seldom encountered
in pneumatic service.

3.4 Reciprocating Compressors:

A reciprocating compressor or piston compressor is a positive-displacement
compressor that uses pistons driven by a crankshaft to deliver gases at high pressure.

The intake gas enters the suction manifold, then flows into the compression cylinder
where it gets compressed by a piston driven in a reciprocating motion via a
crankshaft, and is then discharged. Applications include oil refineries, gas
pipelines, chemical plants, natural gas processing plants, air conditioning,
and refrigeration plants. One specialty application is the blowing of plastic
bottles made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
In the ionic liquid piston compressor many seals and bearings were removed in the
design as the ionic liquid does not mix with the gas. Service life is about 10 times
longer than a regular diaphragm compressor with reduced maintenance during use,
energy costs are reduced by as much as 20%. The heat exchangers that are used in a
normal piston compressor are removed as the heat is removed in the cylinder itself
where it is generated. Almost 100% of the energy going into the process is being
used with little energy wasted as reject heat.
Pneumatically operated:-
Here the advancement of the header is carried out in the upward and the downward direction using the
pneumatic double acting piston and cylinder unit arrangement along with the foot operated direction
control valve. In this type of machine high pressure air is used as the working fluid for the transfer of
power and the motion.
Working:
Initially the air-compressor is started and allowed the receiver tank air pressure to reach up to 8 bar.
The supply air is then passed to the manifold through FRL unit to condition the air and eligible to
industrial use.
From the manifold a separate supply for the machine is taken out and given to ON-OFF switch, so as
to operate the machine at will without interrupting the running of compressor.
Then the pipe carries compressed air first to machine’s Direction Control Valve. At position ‘A’
shows the non-actuated circuit diagram. At this position the piston is steady and locked. All ports are
in closed condition.
At position ‘B’, the DC valve is at left hand position as shown in figure. The cap end port & pressure
port get connected to each other and the rod end port gets connected to the exhaust port. The
compressed air comes in the cap end of the cylinder and pushes the pistons outwards. The air already
present in the rod end side is pushed out of the cylinder.
When the piston moves outwards, the force is transmitted through the connecting link and the upper
blade moves downwards. Before the actuating DC valve the sheet is inserted in between the upper &
lower blades. As upper blade moves downwards, the stress is generated in the sheet metal and goes
beyond ultimate shear stress of sheet metal. And thus the shearing action takes place.
Now the DC valve is operated to come at position ‘C’, as shown in figure. The rod end port &
pressure port get connected to each other and the cap end port gets connected to the exhaust port. The
compressed air comes in the rod end of the cylinder and pushes the pistons inwards. The air already
present in the cap end side is pushed out of the cylinder.
The sheet metal is either again inserted for further cutting in case of large pieces; the small cut pieces
are removed and the next sheet is inserted to cut.
Merits-
1. Hydraulics present certain advantages over pneumatics, but in a given application, pneumatic
powered equipment is more suitable, particularly in industries where the factory units are plumbed for
compressed air.
2. Moreover, to avoid corrosive actions, oil or lubricants are added so that friction effects can be
reduced.
3. Compressed air is used in most of the machines and in some cases compressed carbon dioxide,
whereas cutting process is become easy.
4. Fast cutting action is carried out.
5. Cutting without bending is achieved.
Demerits–
1. Sheet more than 2 mm thickness cannot cut easily.
2. Compressed air is must.
3. Foundation is required also safety major must be taken.

3.3.2 PNEUMATIC HAND OPERATED VALVE:

2/2 DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE:
The structure of a 2/2 directional control valve is very simple. It uses the thrust from the spring
to open and close the valve, stopping compressed air from flowing towards working tube ‘A’
from air inlet ‘P’. When a force is applied to the control axis, the valve will be pushed open,
connecting ‘P’ with ‘A’ . The force applied to the control axis has to overcome both air
pressure and the repulsive force of the spring. The control valve can be driven manually or
mechanically, and restored to its original position by the spring.