ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER

Cebu: 4TH Flr. Villacampa-Capuras Bldg., Sanciangco St. Cebu City (Tel # 254-33-84)
Manila Branch: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438

POWER & INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REFRESHER SET 2

INSTRUCTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your choice.

12. A cylinder weighs 250 lbf. Its cross-sectional area is 40 square inches. When the cylinder stands vertically on one
end, what pressure does the cylinder exert on the floor?
A. 14. 1 bar B. 0.431 bar C. 0.258 bar D. 0.141 bar

Solution:

22. A Pelton type turbine has 25 m head friction loss of 4.5 m. The coefficient of friction head loss(from Moorse) is
0.00093 and penstock length of 80 m. What is the penstock diameter?
A. 1,356 mm B. 3,476 mm C. 6771 mm D. 1686 mm

SOLUTION:

h = net head = hg - hL = 25 - 4.5 = 20.5 m

v  2gh  2(9.81)(20.5)  20.055 m / s

Using Moorse equation to compute for head loss:

2 f Lv 2
hL 
gD
2 ( 0 . 00093 )( 80 )( 20 . 055 ) 2
4 .5 
9 . 81 D
D = 1.35573 m = 1,355.73 mm

25. Water flows steadily with a velocity of 3.05 m/s in a horizontal pipe having a diameter of 18 cm. At one section of the
pipe, the temperature and pressure of the water are 21C and 689.3 Kpa, respectively. At a distance of 304.8 m
downstream, the pressure is 516.9 Kpa. What is the friction factor?
A. 0.01346 B. 0.02189 C. 0.0377 D. 0.06419

SOLUTION:

Solving for the head loss between two points:

Pd  Ps 689.3  516.9
hL    17.574m
w 9.81
f L v2
hL 
2 g D
f ( 304 . 8 ) ( 3 . 05 ) 2
17 . 574 
2 ( 9 . 81 ) ( 0 . 18 )
f = 0.02189

26. A hydro-electric plant having 25 sq. km reservoir area and 100 m head is used to generate power. The energy
utilized by the consumers whose load is connected to the power plant during a five-hour period is 13.5 x 106 kwh. The
overall generation efficiency is 75%. Find the fall in the height of water in the reservoir after the 5-hour period.
A. 2.64 m B. 1.32 m C. 3.21 m D. 2.30 m

SOLUTION:

Solving for the volume flow rate of water:

Energy 13 . 5 x 10 6 kw  hr After 5 hours: (H = fall in height of water after 5-hr period)
GO    2 , 700 , 000 KW V= Q (t)
time 5 hrs
Volume = 3669.725 m3/sec (5 x 3600) sec = 66,055,050 m3
Water power = w Q h Volume = A x H
G .O .
66,055,050 m3 = (25 km2 x 10002 m2/km2) H
 wQ h H = 2.64 m
eo
2,700,000.
 9.81( Q )(100)
0.75
Q = 3669.725 m3/s
29. A steam generator with economizer and air heater has an overall draft loss of 28 cm of water. If the stack gases are
at 177C and if the atmosphere is at 101.3 Kpa and 26C, what theoretical height of stack in meters is needed when no
draft fan are used? Assume that the gas constant for the flue gases is the same as that for air.
A. 707.07 B. 631.34 C. 751.18 D. 671.20

SOLUTION:

Solving for the density of air and gas:

Solving chimney height:

P = H(wa – wg)
Ww hw = H(wa – wg)
9.81 (0.28) = H(1.18 - 0.784) x 0.00981
H = 707.07 m

32. A steam pipe having a surface temperature of 250C passes through a room where the temperature is 27C. The
outside diameter of pipe is 100 mm and emissivity factor is 0.85. Calculate the radiated heat loss for 3 m pipe length.
A. 1534.47 W B. 3030.06 W C. 2951.82 W D. 3546.45 W

SOLUTION:

Ao = outside pipe area

Ao =  D L = (0.10)(3) = 0.9425 m2

Solving for heat due to radiation:

T1 = 250 + 273 = 523K
T2 = 27 + 273 = 300K
QR = 20,408.4 x 10-8AoFe(T14 - T24), J/hr = 20,408.4 x 10-8(0.9425) (0.85) [(523)4 - (300)4]
QR = 10,908,197.75 J/hr x 1hr/3600sec = 3030.06 W

36. Compute the amount of condensate form during 10 minutes warm-up of 180 meter pipe conveys the saturated steam
with enthalpy vaporization hfg = 1,947.8 kJ/kg. The minimum external temperature of pipe is 6oC. The final temperature
of pipe is 195oC. The specific heat of pipe material is 0.5 KJ/kg-oC. The specific weight is 28 kg/m.
A. 232.69 kg B. 244.52 kg C. 296.64 kg D. 423.45 kg

SOLUTION:

mp = mass of pipe = 28(180) = 5,040 kg

By heat balance:

Heat loss by steam = Heat gain by pipe

ms (hg - hf) = mp cp (t2 - t1)
ms(1947.8) = (5040)(0.5)(195 - 6)
ms = 244.52 kg

42. A single acting air compressor has a volumetric efficiency of 94%, operates at 500 rpm. It takes in air at 100 Kpa and
30C and discharges it at 600 Kpa. The air handled is 8 m3/min measured at discharge condition. If compression is
isentropic, find mean effective pressure in Kpa
A. 231.34 B. 219.97 C. 198.34 D. 204.82

SOLUTION:

Solving for volume displacement VD:

P1 V1k = P2 V2k
100(V11.4) = 600(8)1.4
V1 = 28.768 m3/min
VD = V1/ev = 28.768/0.94 = 30.60 m3/min
n1
nP V P
W  1 1 [( 2 ) n  1]
n  1 P1
1 .4 1
1 .4 (100 )( 28 .768 )
W  [( 600 / 100 ) 1 .4  1]  6731 .09 KJ / min
1 .4  1

W 6731 .09
Pm    219 .97 KPa
VD 30 .60
43. A water-jacketed air compressor handles 0.543 m3/s of air entering at 96.5 kpa and 21oC and leaving at 480 kpa and
132oC; 10.9 kg/h of cooling water enters the jacket at 15oC and leaves at 21oC. Determine the compressor brake power.
A. 56.163 kw B. 60.650 kw C. 74.44 kw D. 99.14 kw

SOLUTION:
Solving the value of n first:
n1
T2  P2  n
 
T1  P1 
n1
132  273  480  n
 
21  273  96.5 
n = 1.249

Solving for compressor work:

1 .249 1
 1 .249 ( 96 .5 )( 0 .543 )   
W    ( 480 / 96 . 5 ) 1 .249  1  99 . 06 KW
 1 .249  1   
Q = heat loss = m cp (t2 - t1) = (10.9/3600)(4.187)(21 - 15) = 0.076 kw

Brake power = W + Q = 99.06 + 0.076 = 99.14 KW

46. The suction pressure of a pump reads 3 in. of mercury vacuum and discharge pressure reads 140 psi is used to
deliver 180 gpm of water with specific volume of 0.0163 ft3/lb. Determine the pump work.
A. 14.61 KW B. 11.07 KW C. 8.46 KW D. 8.49 KW

SOLUTION:
Convert pressures to KPa:
P1 = -3 in Hg x 101.325/29.92 = - 10.16 Kpa
P2 = 140 psi x 101.325/14.7 = 965 Kpa

Solving w, h and Q:
w = 1/v = 1/.0163 = 61.35 lb/ft3 x 9.81/62.4 = 9.645 KN/m3
P2  P1 965  10.16
h   101.105 m
w 9.645
Q = 180 gal/min x 0.003785/60 = 0.011355 m3/sec

Solving for the pump power:

P = w Q h = 9.645(0.011355)(101.105) = 11.07 KW

47. A submersible pump delivers 420 gpm of water to a height of 5 ft from the ground. The pump were installed 150 ft
below the ground level and a draw down of 8 ft during the operation. If water level is 25 ft above the pump, determine the
pump power.
A. 10.93 KW B. 14.86 KW C. 7.24 KW D. 8.27 KW

SOLUTION:

h = 5 + 150 - (25 - 8) = 138/3.281 = 42.06 m

Q = 420 gal/min x 0.003785m3/gal x 1min/60sec = 0.026495 m3/sec

Wp = w Q h = 9.81(0.026495)(42.06) = 10.93 KW

48. A vacuum pump is used to drain a flooded mine shaft of 20C water. The pump pressure of water at this temperature
is 2.34 Kpa. The pump is incapable of lifting the water higher than 14 m. What is the atmospheric pressure?
A. 149.30 B. 132.33 C. 198.22 D. 139.68

SOLUTION:

Using Bernoulli’s Theorem:

P1 V12 P V 2
  z1  2  2  z 2
w 2g w 2g
P1 P V 2  V1 2
 2  2  ( z 2  z1 )
w w 2g
P1 2.34
  0  14
9.81 9.81
P1 = 139.68 Kpa
49. A submersible, multi-stage, centrifugal deep well pump 260 gpm capacity is installed in a well 27 feet below the static
water level and running at 3000 rpm. Drawdown when pumping at rated capacity is 10 feet. The pump delivers the water
into a 25,000 gallons capacity overhead storage tank. Total discharge head developed by pump, including friction in
piping is 243 feet. Calculate the diameter of the impeller of this pump in inches if each impeller diameter developed a
head of 45 ft.
A. 3.27 B. 5.21 C. 4.11 D. 6.34

SOLUTION:

From velocity equations:

v = DN
v  2gh

Equate:
 DN  2g h
 D(3000/ 60)  2(32.2)(45)
D = 0.343 ft = 4.11 inches

50. A fan draws 1.42 m3 per second of air at a static pressure of 2.54 cm of water through a duct 300 mm diameter and
discharges it through a duct of 275 mm diameter. Determine the static fan efficiency if total fan mechanical is 75% and
air is measured at 25oC and 760 mm Hg.
A. 50.11% B. 53.69% C. 65.67% D. 45.34%

SOLUTION:

Solving for density of air:

P 101.325 Solving for total head:
wa    1.18 kg / m3
RT 0.287(25  273) h = hs + hv = 21.52 + 8.54 = 30.06 m
Solving for static head:
hw ww (0.0254 )(1000 ) Relations between efficiency and head are directly proportional:
hs    21 .52 m es = static efficiency
wa 1.18
es / hs = eT / h
Solving for velocity head: es /21.52 = 0.75/30.06
Q 1 .42 es = 53.69%
vs    20 .09 m / s
As ( / 4 )( 0 .3) 2
Q 1.42
vd    23.9 m / s
Ad ( / 4)(0.275) 2
( 23 .9 ) 2  ( 20 .09 ) 2
hv   8 .54 m
2 ( 9 .81)

51. A water cooler uses 70 lb/hr of melting ice to cool running water from 80oF to 42oF. Based on the inside coil area, Ui
= 110 Btu/hr-ft2-F. Find the gpm of water cooled.
A. 0.15 GPM B. 0.53 GPM C. 0.38 GPM D. 0.45 GPM

Solution:

L = latent of fusion of ice = 144 Btu/lb

By heat balance:
Heat gain by ice = Heat loss by water
Qice = Qwater
mi L = mw cpw (t1 – t2)
70(144) = mw (1)(80 – 42)
mw = 265.263 lb/hr

Solving for the volume flow:

w = m/V
62.4 = 265.263/V
V = 4.25 ft3/hr x 7.481 gal/ft3 x 1 hr/60 min
V = 0.53 GPM
52. The charge in a Diesel engine consists of 18.34 grams of fuel, with lower heating value of 42,571 KJ/kg, and 409
grams of fuel and products of combustion. At the beginning of compression, t1 = 70oC. Let rk = 14. For constant cp =
1.11 KJ/kg-C, what should be the cut-off ratio in the corresponding ideal cycle?
A. 2.92 B. 2.38 C. 5.34 D. 2.43

Solution:

Solving for mass of air, ma: QA = mf Qh = 0.01834(42,571) = 780.752 KJ

mf = 18.34 grams T2/T1 = rkk-1
mf + mg = 409 T2 = T1 rkk-1 = (70 + 273) (14)1.4-1 = 985.70oK
18.34 + mg = 409
mg = 390.66 grams QA = ma cp (t3 – t2)
By mass balance in the engine: 780.752 = 0.37232(1.11)(T3 – 985.70)
mass entering = mass leaving T3 = 2874.88oK
mf + ma = mg But: rc = T3 / T2 = 2874.88/985.70 = 2.92
18.34 + ma = 390.66
ma = 372.32 grams

53. The gain of entropy during isothermal nonflow process of 3 lb of air at 60oF is 0.462 Btu/R. Find the V1/V2.
A. 3.85 B. 0.239 C. 1.0 D. 0.105

Solution:

For isothermal process:

Δs = m R ln(V2/V1)
Δs = m R ln(V2/V1)
0.462 = 3(53.33/778) ln (V2/V1)
V2/V1 = 9.468

Take the reciprocal:

V1/V2 = 1/9.468 = 0.105

54. An auditorium seating 1600 people is to be maintained at 80oF dry bulb and 65oF wet bulb temperature when outdoor
air is at 91oF dry bulb and 75oF wet bulb. Solar heat load is 110,000 Btu/hr and supply air is at 60oF, determine the
amount of supply air.
A. 93,229.43 lb/hr B. 83,229.94 lb/hr C. 97,916.67 lb/hr D. 73,229.17 lb/hr

Solution:

Using standard sensible heat per person = 225 Btu/hr

Qs = sensible heat = 225(1600) + 110,000 = 470,000 Btu/hr

Qs = m cp (t1 – t2)
470,000 = ms(0.24)(80 – 60)
ms = 97,916.67 lb/hr

55. In a Brayton cycle that operates between temperature limits of 300oK and 1873oK with k = 1.4, determine the
temperature at the end of compression (isentropic) for maximum work of the cycle.
A. 750oK B. 690.5oK C. 730oK D. 350oK

Solution:

T1 = 300oK
T3 = 1873OK

For maximum work of the cycle:

T2  T1 T3
T2  300(1873)  749.6o K
56. A Carnot refrigeration system operates at Tmax / Tmin = 1.2. Find the KW per ton of refrigeration.
A. 1.911 B. 0.703 C. 1.76 1 D. 1.553

Solution:

KW/TR = 3.516 / COP

Solving for COP:

Tmin
COP 
Tmax  Tmin
Divide Tmin all terms:
1 1
COP   5
Tmax 1.2  1
1
Tmiv
KW/TR = 3.516/COP = 3.516/5 = 0.703

57. The total head of fan is 190 m and has a static pressure of 210 mm of water gage, what is the velocity of air flowing if
density of air is 1.15 kg/m3?
A. 16.85 m/sec B. 12.04 m/sec C. 7.39 m/sec D. 9.18 m/sec

SOLUTION:

Solving for the velocity head:

hw w w 0 .210 (1000 )
hs    182 .61 m
wa 1 .15
h = hs + hv
190 = 182.61 + hv
hv = 7.39 m = V2/2g

Solving for velocity:

v  2 g h  2(9.81)(7.39)  12.04m / s

58. A fan delivers 5.7 m3/sec at a static pressure of 5.08 cm of water when operating at a speed of 400 rpm. The power
input required is 2.963 KW. If 9.05 m3/sec are desired in the same fan and installation, find the pressure in cm of water.
A. 7.37 B. 17.14 C. 11.43 D. 12.81

SOLUTION:

Using fan laws: Q and N relationships

Q1 N 5 .7
 1   0.6298
Q2 N 2 9.05
Using head and speed relationships:
2
h1  N1 
 
h2  N 2 
5.08
 (0.6298 ) 2
h2
h2 = 12.81 cm of water

59. A rigid container is closed at one end and measures 8 in diameter by 12 in long. The container is held vertically and is
slowly moved downward until the pressure in the container is 19 psia. What will be the depth of water in the container
from the free water surface?
A. 132.36 in B. 119.08 in C. 163.69 in D. 69.82 in

SOLUTION:

Solving for the gage pressure:

Pabs = Pgage + Patm
19 = Pgage + 14.7
Pgage = 4.30 psi

Pgage = w h
4.30(144) = 62.4(h)
h = 9.923 ft x 12 = 119.08 in
60. An empty, open can is 30 cm high with a 15 cm diameter. The can, with the open end down, is pushed under water
with a density of 1000 kg/m3. Find the water level in the can when the top of the can is 50 cm below the water surface.
A. 17.20 cm B. 2.12 cm C. 4.20 cm D. 5.87 cm

SOLUTION:

Consider the water pressure in the can:

P2 = wH + 101.325 = (9.81) (0.8 - x) + 101.325 = 109.173 - 9.81x

Consider the air pressure in atmosphere and in the water at isothermal process:
P1V1 = P2V2
101.325[A (0.3)] = P2[A (0.3 - x)]
Substitute P2:
101.325(0.3) = (109.173 – 9.81x)(0.30 – x)
30.3975 = 32.75 – 112.116x + 9.81x2
9.81x2 - 112.116x + 2.3705 = 0
Using calculator:
x = 11.407 m (absurd)
x = 0.02118 m = 2.12 cm

61. A cylindrical pipe with water flowing downward at 0.03 m3/s having top diameter of 0.08m, bottom diameter of 0.04 m
and height of 0.80 m. Find the pressure between the pipe.
A. 184.63 kpa B. 259.23 kpa C. 242.44 kpa D. 243.92 kpa

SOLUTION:

For vertical venturi meter:

P1  P2 V 2  V1 2
 2 h
w 2g
0.03
v1 = = 5.968 m/s
( / 4)( 0.08 ) 2
0.03
v2 = = 23.87 m/s
( / 4)( 0.04 ) 2

Solving for pressure difference:

P1  P2 ( 23 .87 ) 2  (5 .968 ) 2
  0 .80
9 .81 2 (9 .81)
(P1 - P2) = pressure diffrence = 259.23 kpa

62. Determine the size of pipe which will deliver 15 liters per second of medium oil (v = 6.10 x 10-6 m2/s ) assuming
laminar flow conditions.
A. 1622 mm B. 1565 mm C. 950 mm D. 875 mm

SOLUTION:

Q 0.015
v  velocity    0.019098 / d 2
A ( / 4) d 2

For laminar flow, use Re = 2000

dv
Re 

2000 = (d(0.019098/d2))/(6.1 x 10-6)

d = 1.565 m = 1565 mm

63. The type of flow occupying in a 1 cm diameter pipe which water flows at a velocity of 2.50 m/s. Use v = 1.13 x 10-6
m2/s for water.
A. turbulent B. constant C. laminar D. none of these

SOLUTION:

dv
Re 

(0.01)( 2.50 )
Re   22,124
1.13 x10 6
Since it is greater than 2000, then it is turbulent flow.
64. What force is exerted by water jet 50 mm diameter if it strikes a wall at the rate of 15 m/s?
A. 636.17 N B. 441.78 N C. 764.23 N D. 563.34 N

SOLUTION:

For impulsive force of water:

F = m v = (w Q) v = (w Av)v = w A v2

 
F  w A v 2  (1000 )  x 0.05 2  (15 ) 2  441 .78 N
 4 

65. A 300 mm diameter pipe discharges water at the rate of 200 li/s. Point 1 on the pipe has a pressure of 285 kpa and
4.4 m below point 1 is point 2 with a pressure of 300 kpa. Compute the head loss between points 1 and 2.
A. 4.29 m B. 2.87 m C. 6.32 m D. 1.87 m

SOLUTION:

Conduct Bernoulli’s equation from point 1 to point 2:

P1 V1 2 P V 2
  z1  2  2  z 2  h L
w 2g w 2g

P1  P2 285  300
hL   ( z1  z2 )   4.40  2.87 m
w 9.81

70. Carbon dioxide flows through a nozzle with speed of 380 m/s. The entrance condition of nozzle is 250oC and 1000
k 1
 To   Po  k
kpa. Find the stagnation pressure. Note: For isentropic process:      where: Po = stagnation pressure
 T1   P1 
A. 2,136.34 kpa B. 1,934.56 kpa C. 1,967.11kpa D. 1,866.34 kpa
Solution:
T1 = 250 + 273 = 523oK
Solving for cp of carbon dioxide: K= 1.289, M= 44
kR 1 .289 (8 .314 / 44 )
cp    0 .8428
k 1 1 .289  1
To = T1 + v2/(2000cp) = 523 + 3802/(2000(0.8428)) = 608.67oK
P1 = 1000 kpa
k 1
 To   Po  k
    
 T1   P1 
For CO2: k = 1.289
1.289 1
 608 .67   Po  1.289
  
 523   1000 
Po = 1,967.11 kpa

71. Air enters a diffuser with a velocity of 200 m/s. Determine the velocity of sound if air temperature is 35oC.
Note: c  k RT x1000 , m/s where: c = speed of sound
A. 349 m/s B. 356 m/s C. 339 m/s D. 352 m/s

Solution:

For air: k = 1.4 , R = 0.287

c  k RT x1000  1.4(0.287)(35 273)(1000)  352 m / s

72. Air flows through a nozzle with temperature of entrance of 420oK stagnation temperature of 472oK. Find the mach
number. Note: Mach number = velocity of fluid / speed of sound
A. 0.761 B. 0.754 C. 0.785 D. 0.773

Solution:

To = T1 + v2/(2000cp)
472 = 420 + v2/(2000(1))
v = 322.49 m/s

c  k RT x1000  1.4(0.287)(420)(1000)  410.8 m / s

M = v/c = 322.49/410.8 = 0.785
74. An insulated rigid tank initially contains 1.5 lb of helium at 90oF and 50 psia. A paddle wheel with power rating of
0.02 hp is operated within the tank for 30 min. Determine the final temperature.
A. 112.56oF B. 145.22oF C. 94.82oF D. 189.93oF

Solution:

For helium: k = 1.66, M=4

R (1545/ 4) / 778
cv    0.752Btu / lb.R
k 1 1.66  1
W = ΔU = m cv (T2 – T1) ---- paddle wheel
0.02 hp (42.42 Btu/min)/(hp) = (1.5 lb/30min)(0.752Btu/lb-F)(t2 – 90F)
t2 = 112.56oF

75. A 4 m2 asphalt pavement with emissivity of 0.85 has a surface temperature of 60oC. Find the maximum rate of
radiation that can be emitted from the surface.
A. 2,070.08 watts B. 2,170.08 watts C. 2,270.08 watts D. 2,370.08 watts

Solution:

Qr = 20,408.4 x10 -8 Fe A (T4), J/hr

Qr = 20,408.4 x10 -8 (0.85)(4) (60 + 273)4, J/hr

Qr = 8,532,274.298/3600 = 2,370.08 watts

77. A cone clutch has an angle of 12o and coefficient of friction of 0.42. Find the axial force required if the capacity of
the clutch is 8 KW at 500 rpm. The mean diameter of the active conical sections is 300 mm. Use uniform wear method.
A. 504.27 N B. 604.27 N C. 704.27 N D. 804.27 N

SOLUTION:

P=2πTN
8 = 2 π T (500/60)
T = 0.15279 KN.m

Solving for axial force:

F ( f ) (r f )
T
sin 
F (0.42) (0.300 / 2)
0.15279 
sin 12o
F = 0.50423 KN = 504.23 N

78. The modulus of elasticity of a given material is 200 GPa and the shear modulus of rigidity is 83 Gpa. What is the
poisson’s ratio of the material?
A. 0.2840 B. 0.2048 C. 0.4820 D. 0.2480

SOLUTION:

E 200
 1   1  0.2048
2G 2 (83)

79. A standard 20 degrees full-depth spur gear has 24 teeth and circular pitch of 0.7854 in. Determine the working depth.
A. 0.25 in. B. 0.33 in. C. 0.50 in. D. 0.60 in.

SOLUTION:

Pc (DP) = π
0.7854 (DP) = π
DP = 4

2 2
Working Depth    0.50 in
DP 4
80. A vertical steel cylinder water tank is 30 m in diameter and 45 m high. The allowable stress of the steel plate is 120
Mpa. Without reinforcing angle bars and rods, determine the thickness of the steel plate.
A. 55.2 mm B. 56.2 mm C. 65.2 mm D. 52.6 mm

SOLUTION:
Assuming: The tank is full of water,

P = w h = 9.81 (45) = 441.45 KPa

For cylindrical tank: Thin walled cylinder,
P Di
S 
2t
( 441 .45 ) (30 )
120 ,000 
2t
t = 0.05518 m = 55.18 mm
Checked: t/Di = 0.05518/30 = 0.00184
Therefore, thin wall

82. A cylinder having an internal diameter of 508 mm and external diameter of 914.4 mm is subjected to an internal
pressure of 69 Mpa and an external pressure of 14 Mpa. Determine the hoop stress at the inner surface of the
cylinder.
A. 90.11 Mpa B. 91.10 Mpa C. 911.0 Mpa D. 19.10 Mpa

SOLUTION:

Given:
Pi = 69 Mpa
Po = 14 Mpa
ri = 0.508/2 = 0.254 m
ro = 0.9144/2 = 0.4572 m

Pi ( ro 2  ri 2 )  2 Po ro 2 (69 )( 0.4572 2  0.254 2 )  2(14 )( 0.4572 ) 2

S ti    90 .107 MPa
ro 2  ri 2 0.4572 2  0.254 2

83. How much torque can a cone clutch transmit if the angle of the conical elements is 10 degrees. The mean diameter
of conical sections is 200 mm and an axial force of 600 N is applied. Consider a coefficient of friction of 0.45.
A. 135.49 N.m B. 155.49 N.m C. 175.49 N.m D. 195.49 N.m

SOLUTION:

Solving for the torque:

F ( f ) (r f )
T
sin 
(600 ) (0.45) (0.200 / 2)
T  155 .48 N -m
sin 10 o

84. A clutch has an outside diameter of 8 in and inside diameter of 4 in. An axial force of 500 lb is used to hold the two
parts together. If friction is 0.4, how much torque can the clutch handle? Use uniform pressure
A. 322.22 in-lb B. 422.22 in-lb C. 522.22 in-lb D. 622.22 in-lb

SOLUTION: n = np - 1= 2-1 = 1
For uniform pressure,
1  D 3  d 3  1  83  43 
r f   2   3.111 in
3  D  d 2  3  82  4 2 

T = n F f rf = (1)500 (0.40)(3.111) = 622.22 in-lb

86. For a bolted connection, specification suggests that a high grade material of 13 mm bolt be tightened to an initial
tension of 55,000 N. What is the appropriate tightening torque?
A. 41 N-m B. 139 N-m C. 145 N-m D. 143 N-m

SOLUTION:
Using Vallance:
Tightening torque, T = 0.20 F D = 0.20 (55,000)(0.013) = 143 N.m
90. A 25.4 cm pulley is belt-driven with a net torque of 339 N-m. The ratio of tension in the tight side of the belt is 4:1.
What is the maximum tension in the belt?
A. 3559 N B. 3549 N C. 3539 N D. 3569 N

SOLUTION:

T = F . D/2
339 = F (0.254/2)
F = 2669.29 N

F1/F2 = 4/1
F1 = 4 F2
Substitute:
Since, F = F1 - F2
2669.29 = 4F2 – F2
F2 = 889.76 N

F1 = 4 F2 = 4 (889.76) = 3559 N

94. A coil with spring constant of 1.75 N/mm is elongated within the elastic range of 305 mm. The stored energy in N-m
is nearest to:
A. 13.56 B. 81.39 C. 54.24 D. 56.13

SOLUTION:

Energy of spring, E = (F/2) (y)

Since, K=F/y, then, F=Ky

E= (Ky/2)(y)=(K/2)(y2)

E = ((1.75 N/mm)/2)(1000mm/m)(0.305 m)2 = 81.397 N-m

95. A block weighing 60 lbs rest on horizontal surface. The force needed to move along the surface is 15 lbs. Determine
the coefficient of friction.
A. 0.0 B. 0.112 C. 0.36 D. 0.25

SOLUTION:

F=fN
15 = f (60)
f = 0.25

96. A baseball is thrown straight upward with a velocity of 25 m/s. Compute for the time elapse for the baseball to
return. Assume for a zero drag.
A. 5.10 sec B. 2.21 sec C. 2.50 sec D. 2.04 sec

SOLUTION:

From ground to maximum height (Vf=0): (upward)

vf = vo + gt
0 = 25 + (-9.81)t ------ upward
t = 2.548 sec

T = total time = 2t = 2(2.548) = 5.09 sec

97. A wheel accelerates from rest with α = 4 rad/sec.sec. Compute how many revolutions are made in 6 seconds.
A. 5.71 rev B. 6.36 rev C. 11.46 rev D. 20.00 rev

SOLUTION:
From rest, wo = 0:
α = 4 rad/sec.sec = 4 rad/sec2

θ = wot + ½ α t2 = 0 + ½ (4)(6)2 = 72 rad x 1 rev/2π rad = 11.46 rev

98. A hollow bronze tube has an outer diameter of 2 in and an inner diameter of 1 ½ in and is 12 in long. A crank 15 in
long is keyed to one end, and the other end is held rigidly. The modulus of rigidity is 10,000,000 psi. Compute for J?
A. 3.178 in4 B. 1.0738 in4 C. 3.781 in4 D. 1.738 in4

SOLUTION:

 ( D o 4  Di 4 )  ( 2 4  1 .5 4 )
J    1.0738 in 4
32 32
99. What minimum distance can a truck slide on a horizontal asphalt road if it is traveling at 20 m/s. The coefficient of
sliding friction between asphalt and rubber is at 0.5. The weight of the truck is 8500 kg.
A. 44.9 m B. 58.5 m C. 53.2 m D. 40.77 m

SOLUTION:

From the figure shown”

ƩFv = 0
N=W

ƩFH = 0
FR = Ff
W
a f N  fW
g
a = f g = 0.5 (9.81)
a = (-) 4.905 m/s2 ------ deceleration

vf2 = vo2 + 2aS

02 = 202 + 2(-4.905)S
S = 40.77 m

100. A liquid full is to be rotated in the vertical plane. What minimum angular velocity in rpm is needed to keep the liquid
not spilling if the rotating arm is 1.5 meters?
A. 2.26 B. 24.42 C. 37.16 D. 2.86

SOLUTION:

From the figure shown, in order for liquid not spilling out:
Fc = W
W v2
. W
g r
v2 = gr
v2 = 9.81(1.5)
v = 3.836 m/s

v=πDN
3.836 = π (2 x 1.5) N
N = 0.407 rev/sec x 60 = 24.42 rev/min