JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Grade 10

SCIENCE

SCI-BOX
(A SELF-LEARNING PACKAGE FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL)

Quarter 1 | Week 1

Earth’s Interior

Grade 10—Science
Competency: Describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes,
earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts to Plate Tectonic Theory
(S10ES-Ia-j-36.1)
Science – Grade 10
Sci-Box (A Self-Learning Package) for JHS
Earth’s Interior
First Edition, 2020

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Schools Division of Iloilo
Luna Street, La Paz, Iloilo City
SCIENCE
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agen-
cy or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition
the payment of royalties.
Quarter 1| Lesson 1
This Sci-Box (A Self-Learning Package) is published to be utilized by the Schools
Division of Iloilo.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be reproduced or

transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical without written
permission from the Schools Division of Iloilo.

Development Team of Sci-Box

Writers: Neriza B. Acupio, Rizza O. Capalihan, Jennifer P. Domingo,

Analiza A. Magno, Charmaine C. Talento, Socorro D. Zerrudo

Illustrator: Armand Glenn S. Lapor

Layout Artists: Lilibeth E. Larupay, Armand Glenn S. Lapor, Zaldy M. Tondo

Reviewer: Zaldy M. Tondo

Division Quality Assurance Team: Lilibeth E. Larupay, Zaldy M. Tondo

Armand Glenn S. Lapor,
Ma. Cecilia S. Salarda

Management Team: Dr. Roel F. Bermejo, Dr. Nordy D. Siason

Dr. Lilibeth T. Estoque, Dr. Azucena T. Falales
Ruben S. Libutaque, Lilibeth E. Larupay
Zaldy M. Tondo

Grade 10—Science
Competency: Describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes,
earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts to Plate Tectonic Theory
(S10ES-Ia-j-36.1)
Introductory Message
Welcome to Grade 10 Science.

The Sci-Box (A Self-Learning Package) for Junior High School is a developed

to guide you our dear learners to meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum.

The Sci-Box aims to guide our learners in accomplishing activities at their own
pace and time. This also aims to assist learners in developing and achieving the life-
SCIENCE
long learning skills while considering their needs and situations.

For learning facilitator: Quarter 1| Lesson 1

The Sci-Box is developed to address the current needs of the learner to continue
learning in the comforts of their homes or learning centers. As the learning facilitator,
make sure that you give them clear instructions on how to study and accomplish the
given activities in the material. Learner’s progress must be monitored.

For the learner:

The Sci-Box is developed to help you, dear learner, in your needs to continue
learning even if you are not in school. This learning material aims to primarily provide
you with meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active
learner, carefully read and understand to follow the instructions given.

REMEMBER ….
To answer the given exercises, questions and assessment, USE your Science Activity
Notebook. When you are DONE, wait for the teacher/volunteer to collect your Activity
notebook.

Good luck and God bless.

Grade 10—Science
Competency: Describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes,
earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts to Plate Tectonic Theory
(S10ES-Ia-j-36.1)
 SELF-LEARNING PACKAGE IN

SCIENCE 10
Earth’s Interior

Learning Competency:

Describe and relate the distribution of active

volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and
major mountain belts to Plate Tectonic
Theory (S10ES-Ia-j-36.1)
 Ready to Launch!
In this module, we focus on the Earth’s interior structure and
processes. It is also discussed how these processes could possibly have
affected the Earth’s surface and caused its physical appearance.
You will use some of your science skills such as graphing, measuring,
analyzing and interpreting data, and inferring for you to attain the desired
outcomes. You will study thoroughly the framework that will enable you to
understand how and why several features of the Earth continuously change.
This theory is what we call “Plate Tectonics.” This describes the events
within the Earth that give rise to mountain ranges, volcanoes, earthquakes,
mountain belts, and other features of the Earth’s surface.

Aim at the Target!

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. tell the composition of the Earth’s interior;
2. describe the composition of the Earth’s interior, and
3. relate the importance of studying the interior layers of the earth.

Try This!

“Interior Structure of the Earth”

Part I. Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if

otherwise.

_____1. The Earth’s Crust is solid.

_____2. The Crust is the thickest layer of the Earth.

_____3. Earth’s Mantle is liquid.

_____4. The Mantle can be found beneath the Earth’s Crust.

_____5. The Outer Core is liquid.

_____6. The Inner Core is liquid.

 Part II. Direction: Label the different interior layers of the

1.

2.

3.

4.

Figure 1. The Earth’s interior

Keep This in Mind!

Activity
The Earth’s composition tells a story about itself. It gives us clues to its
past and proofs about the gradual and slow changes that it has undergone
for over 4.6 billion years.
Have you ever wondered what is under the ground? You leave your
footprints in sand and soil. You touch the soil and play with it. You get some
soil samples and identify the substances present in the soil. But nobody has
seen beyond the area where humans have conducted mining activities.
However, man has invented instruments to get information from the depths
of the earth. One such information is on vibration. These vibrations have
been recorded and analyzed. Do you know that the earth’s interior is a
layered structure composed of core, mantle and crust? Table 1 summarizes
the nature of the different layers inside Planet Earth.
 Table 1. Interior Layers of the Earth and their Characteristics

Layer Thickness Characteristics Chemical Phase

in Composition
kilometers

Crust 40 km Thinnest and the Mostly Oxygen (O) and Solid

outermost layer of the Silicon (Si), less amount
Earth. of Potassium (K),
Aluminum (Al),
Continental 35-40 km Found under land Magnesium (Mg),
masses and made of Calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe),
less dense rock such Sodium (Na), Titanium
as granite. (Ti) and Hydrogen (H).

Oceanic 7-10 km Found under the ocean

floor and is made of
dense rock such as
basalt. It is heavier
than the continental
crust.

Mantle 2900 km Makes up to 80% of Iron (Fe), Magnesium Solid

the Earth’s total (Mg), Silicon (Si) and
volume and about 68% Oxygen (O)
of its total mass.
Upper layer is partially
molten (Asthenosphere)

Core Very Hot Iron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni)

Outer Core 2200 km Moves around the Liquid

inner core creating
Earth’s magnetism.
Inner Core 1278 km Temperature reaches Solid
to about 5000°C and
solidified as result of
pressure freezing.
 Activity 1: “Interior Layer of the Earth”

Objectives:
1. Describe the properties of the interior layers of the Earth.
2. Tell the composition of the interior layers of the Earth.
Procedures:
1. Draw the interior layer of the Earth as shown in Figure 2.
2. Describe the different interior layer of the Earth using symbols
from the response grid on the right of Figure 2.
3. Draw the symbol/s in the corresponding layer of the Earth.

Figure 2. Interior Layer of the Earth

5. Answer the following guide questions:

Q1. What is the most abundant element in the Earth’s crust?
Q2. What elements make up most of the mantle?
Q3. What is the special feature of the upper mantle?
Q4. What materials make up the inner core?
Q5. Based on the table , differentiate the inner core and the outer core
in terms of thickness and phase.
Analysis
1. Differentiate the interior layers of the earth based on its composition.
2. Compare the interior layers of the earth according to physical
properties.
3. As a learner, give three ways on how you can share the learnings you
have gain so that others will appreciate the interior layer of the Earth.

Abstraction and Generalization

• The Earth is composed of three main layers: the crust, mantle, and core
which is subdivided into outer core and inner core.
• The crust is the outermost and thinnest layer of the Earth.

• The mantle is the middle layer of the Earth. It makes most of the Earth’s
volume and mass.
• The crust and a part of the upper mantle make up the lithosphere. The
lithosphere is subdivided into portions called lithospheric plates.
• The asthenosphere is the weak layer of the mantle on which the
lithosphere floats.
• The outer core is made up of molten material. The outer core accounts for
the Earth’s magnetic field.
• The inner core is the deepest layer of the Earth. It is made up of solid
nickel and iron. The temperature in the inner core reaches as high as
5000oC.

Figure 3. The Earth’s interior

Application
If we cut a piece of fruit in half, we will see that it is composed of three
parts:
1) a very thin skin,
2) a seed of significant size located in the center, and
3) most of the mass of the fruit being contained within the flesh.
Cutting the earth we would see:
1) a very thin crust on the outside,
2) a core of significant size in the center, and
3) most of the mass of the Earth contained in the mantle.

Reflect

Direction: Compose a short poem about the interior layer of the Earth. It
must have 3 stanzas with 4 lines each. Rubric for grading as
follows.

The learner exhibits creativity, originality, and style of

writing in expressing ideas on the given topic; follows
15 points
general instruction; writes legibly, and shows correct
grammar, capitalization, punctuations, and spelling.

The learner exhibits little creativity, originality, and style

of writing in expressing idea on the given topic; follows
10 points general instruction; provides a title; writes legibly, and
have little errors on grammar, capitalization,
punctuations, and spelling.

The learner exhibits creativity, originality, and style of

writing in expressing ideas on the given topic; did not
5 points follow general instruction; have no title; handwriting
needs improvement, and many errors in grammar,
capitalization, punctuations, and spelling.
 Reinforcement & Enrichment

“Word Scihunter”
 In the puzzle below, search at least 5 words related to interior layer of the
earth.
 Write the word and tell something you have learned about it.
 Assess Your Learning

Direction: Read each item carefully. Write the correct answer.

1. What makes up the lithosphere?

a. Continental crust
b. Crust and the upper mantle
c. Oceanic crust and continental crust
d. Upper mantle

2. Miners dig into the Earth in search for precious rocks and minerals. In
which layer is the deepest explorations made by miners?
a. Crust b. Inner core c. Mantle d. Outer core

3. How do you compare the densities of the Earth’s crust, mantle and core?
a. The mantle is less dense than the core but denser than the crust.
b. The mantle is less dense than both the core and the crust.
c. The mantle is denser than the core but less dense than the crust.
d. The mantle is denser than both the core and the crust.

4. The movement of the lithospheric plates is facilitated by a soft, weak and

plastic-like layer. Which of the following layers is described in the
statement?
a. Asthenosphere b. Atmosphere
c. Lithosphere d. Mantle

5. The solid center of Earth is the_____.

a. inner core b. asthenosphere
c. lithosphere d. mantle
 References & Photo Credits

Department of Education, 2015. Science 10 Learner’s Material

Valdoz, M., Aquino, M., Niong, J., Andaya, M., (2015).Science Links.
Worktext for Scientific and Technological Literacy. Rex Bookstore.
Department of Education, Bureau of Secondary Education. Project EASE
Integrated Science 1, Module 12: Inside the Earth.
https://www.education.com/worksheet/article/earth -word-search/
accessed July 5, 2020.
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/earths-interior/
https://geology.com/nsta/earth-internal-structure.shtml