Designation: D6158 − 14

Standard Specification for

Mineral Hydraulic Oils1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6158; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents

1.1 This specification covers mineral oils used in hydraulic 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
systems, where the performance requirements demand fluids D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
with one of the following characteristics: Open Cup Tester
1.1.1 A refined base oil (Class HH), D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
1.1.2 A refined mineral base oil with rust and oxidation D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
inhibitors (Class HL), and leum Products by Copper Strip Test
1.1.3 A refined mineral base oil with rust and oxidation D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
inhibitors plus antiwear characteristics (Class HM). and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
1.2 This specification defines the requirements of mineral ity)
oil-based hydraulic fluids that are compatible with most D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
existing machinery components when there is adequate main- D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
tenance. by Potentiometric Titration
D665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of
1.3 This specification defines only new lubricating oils Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water
before they are installed in the hydraulic system. D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-
1.4 This specification defines specific types of hydraulic ing Oils
oils. It does not include all hydraulic oils. Some oils that are not D943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited
included may be satisfactory for certain hydraulic applications. Mineral Oils
Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit or require D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
a wider or narrower range of characteristics than those de- Indicator Titration
scribed herein. D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this ucts by Hydrometer Method
standard. D1401 Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils
1.5.1 Exception—In X1.3.9 on Wear Protection, the values and Synthetic Fluids
of pump pressure are in MPa, and the psi follows in brackets as D2070 Test Method for Thermal Stability of Hydraulic Oils
a reference point immediately recognized by a large part of the D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-
industry. matic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C
D2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Vis-
1.6 The following safety hazard caveat pertains to the test cosity System
methods referenced in this specification. This standard does D2619 Test Method for Hydrolytic Stability of Hydraulic
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, Fluids (Beverage Bottle Method)
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this D2983 Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Lu-
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices bricants Measured by Brookfield Viscometer
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitation prior D3427 Test Method for Air Release Properties of Petroleum
to use. Oils
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.N0.10 on Specifications. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published February 2015. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D6158 – 10. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D6158-14. the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

1
 D6158 − 14
D4310 Test Method for Determination of Sludging and systems with vane pumps, or when the system is intended to
Corrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral Oils work at maximum pump capacity for long periods of time.
D6080 Practice for Defining the Viscosity Characteristics of 3.4 Type HV Hydraulic Oils—Oils of HM type with im-
Hydraulic Fluids proved viscosity/temperature properties, for general hydraulic
D7043 Test Method for Indicating Wear Characteristics of systems where equipment is intended to operate over a wide
Non-Petroleum and Petroleum Hydraulic Fluids in a range of ambient temperatures.
Constant Volume Vane Pump
4. Classification Requirements
3. Classification
4.1 Type HH—The requirements for this type of oil are
3.1 Type HH Hydraulic Oils—Non-inhibited refined mineral presented in Table 1 and include Viscosity Grades ISO VG
oils for hydraulic systems that do not have specific require- from 10 to 150, in accordance with Classification D2422.
ments of oxidation stability, rust protection, or anti-wear
properties. Type HH oils are usually intended for total loss 4.2 Type HL—The requirements for this type of oil are
systems or very light-duty equipment. presented in Table 2 and include Viscosity Grades ISO VG
from 10 to 150, in accordance with Classification D2422.
3.2 Type HL Hydraulic Oils—Refined mineral oils with
improved rust protection and oxidation stability for hydraulic 4.3 Type HM—The requirements for this type of oil are
systems where relatively high temperatures and long periods of presented in Table 3 and include Viscosity Grades ISO VG
operation time are expected, and where there is the possibility from 10 to 150, in accordance with Classification D2422.
of water or humidity that could rust metal parts of the 4.4 Type HV—The requirements for this type of oil are
machinery. These oils are intended for use in systems where no presented in Table 4 and include Viscosity Grades ISO VG
metal to metal contact is expected between the moving parts. from 10 to 150, in accordance with Classification D2422.
Usually systems working at low pressures specify HL oils.
Some high-pressure piston pumps can operate satisfactorily on 5. Inspection
these oils. 5.1 Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon between
3.3 Type HM Hydraulic Oils—Oils of HL type with im- the purchaser and the supplier.
proved anti-wear properties, for general hydraulic systems,
especially for those working at high pressures and where the 6. Packaging and Package Marking
possibility of metal to metal contact between the moving parts 6.1 The material shall be suitably packaged to permit
exists. Type HM oils are usually specified for hydraulic acceptance by the carrier and to afford adequate protection

TABLE 1 Requirements for Type HH Mineral Oil Hydraulic Fluids

Test Method
Properties ASTM (Other) Parameters Limits
Physical
ISO viscosity grade D2422 10 15 22 32 46 68 100 150
Viscosity D445 kinematic viscosity at 9.0–11.0 13.5–16.5 19.8–24.2 28.8–35.2 41.4–50.6 61.2–74.8 90.0–110 135–165
40 °C, mm2/s
Viscosity, # 750 cP D2983 temperature, °C report report report report report report report report

Viscosity index D2270 report report report report report report report report

Specific gravity D1298A report report report report report report report report

Appearance Visual clear and clear and clear and clear and clear and clear and clear and clear and
bright bright bright bright bright bright bright bright

Flash point D92 temperature, °C, min 125 145 165 175 185 195 205 215
Pour point D97 temperature, °C, max –15 –12 –9 –6 –6 –6 –6 –6

Chemical
Acid number D974/D 664 mg KOH/g, max 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05

Performance
Elastomer compatibility D471 100 °C ± 1 °C ⁄ 288 h ± report report report report report report report report
2h
SRE-NBR 1 Elastomer
(DIN53 538, Part 1 or
AMA 524, Part 1)
relative volume change, report report 0 to 15 0 to 12 0 to 12 0 to 10 0 to 10 0 to 10
percent C
change in Shore A report report 0 to –8 0 to –7 0 to –7 0 to –6 0 to –6 0 to –6
hardness,
rating C
A
Test Method D4052 can also be used.

2
 TABLE 2 Requirements for Type HL Mineral Oil Hydraulic Fluids (Rust and Oxidation)
Test Method
Properties ASTM (Other) Parameters Limits
Physical:
ISO-viscosity grade D2422 10 15 22 32 45 68 100 150
Viscosity D445 kinematic viscosity at 40 °C, mm2/s 9.0–11.0 13.5–16.5 19.8–24.2 28.8–35.2 41.4–50.6 61.2–74.8 90.0–110 135–165
Viscosity, # 750 cP D2983 temperature, °C, max –33 –23 –15 –8 –2 4 10 16
Viscosity index D2270 min 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
Specific gravity D1298A report report report report report report report report
Appearance visual, at 20 °C clear and clear and clear and clear and clear and clear and clear and clear and
bright bright bright bright bright bright bright bright
Flash point D92 temperature, °C, min 125 145 165 175 185 195 205 215
Pour point D97 temperature, °C, max –33 –24 –21 –18 –15 –12 –12 –12
Chemical:
Acid Number D974/D 664 mg KOHg report report report report report report report report
Performance:
B
Rust prevention D665A visual evaluation pass or fail pass pass pass pass pass pass pass pass
D665BB pass pass pass pass pass pass pass pass
Corrosion D130 copper corrosion, 3 h at 100 °C, visual, 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
max
Water separation D1401 time (mins) to 3 mL emulsion at 54 °C, 30 30 30 30 30 30 ... ...
max

3
time (mins) to 3 mL emulsion at 82 °C, ... ... ... ... ... ... 60 60
max
Elastomer compatibility D471 100 °C ± 1 °C ⁄ 288 h ± 2 h
SRE-NBR 1 Elastomer
D6158 − 14

(DIN 53 538, Part 1 or AAMA 524 Part 1)

relative volume change, percent report report 0 to 15 0 to 12 0 to 12 0 to 10 0 to 10 0 to 10
change in Shore A hardness, rating report report 0 to –8 0 to –7 0 to –7 0 to –6 0 to –6 0 to –6
Foam D892 Sequence I, tendency/stability, mL, max 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0
Sequence II, tendency/stability, mL, max 75/0 75/0 75/0 75/0 75/0 75/0 75/0 75/0
Sequence III, tendency/stability, mL, max 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0
Air release D3427 time, (mins. at 50 °C, max) 5 5 5 5 10 10 ... ...
time, (mins. at 75 °C, max) ... ... ... ... ... ... report report
Oxidation stability D943 time for acid number of 2 mg KOH/g, h, 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
min
Sludge tendency D4310 total insoluble sludge, mg, max 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
copper in oil/water/sludge, mg report report report report report report report report
Thermal stability D2070 copper appearance, visual max report report report 5 5 5 report report
steel appearance, visual max report report report 1 1 1 report report
sludge, mg/100 mL, max report report report 25 25 25 report report
A
Test Method D4052 can also be used.
B
Test Method D665 — soak time is 24 h.
 TABLE 3 Requirements for Type HM Mineral Oil Hydraulic Fluids (Anti-wear)
Test Method
Properties ASTM (Other) Parameters Limits
Physical:
ISO-viscosity grade D2422 10 15 22 32 46 68 100 150
Viscosity D445 kinematic viscosity at 40 °C, mm2/s 9.0–11.0 13.5–16.5 19.8–24.2 28.8–35.2 41.4–50.6 61.2–74.8 90.0–110 135–165
Viscosity # 750 cP D2983 temperature, °C, max –33 -23 –15 (–8) –2 4 10 16
Viscosity index D2270 *min 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
Specific gravity D1298A report report report report report report report report
Appearance Visual, at 20 °C clear and clear and clear and clear and clear and clear and clear and clear and
bright bright bright bright bright bright bright bright

Flash point D92 temperature, °C, min 125 145 165 175 185 195 205 215
Pour point D97 temperature, °C, max –33 –24 –21 –18 –15 –12 –12 –12
Chemical:
Acid number D974/D 664 mg KOH/g, max report report report report report report report report
Performance
Rust prevention D665AB visual evaluation, pass or fail pass pass pass pass pass pass pass pass
D665BB visual evaluation, pass or fail pass pass pass pass pass pass pass pass
Corrosion D130 copper corrosion, 3 h at 100 °C, visual, 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
max
Water separability D1401 time (mins) to 3 mL emulsion 30 30 30 30 30 30 ... ...
max at 54 °C
time (mins) to 3 mL emulsion ... ... ... ... ... ... 60 60
max at 82 °C

4
Elastomer compatibility D471 100 °C ± 1 °C ⁄ 288 h ± 2 h
SRE-NBR 1 Elastomer
(DIN53 538, Part 2 or AAMA 524,
Part 2)
D6158 − 14

relative volume change, percent report report 0 to 15 0 to 12 0 to 12 0 to 10 0 to 10 0 to 10

change in Shore A hardness, rating report report 0 to –8 0 to –7 0 to –7 0 to –6 0 to –6 0 to –6
Foam D892 Sequence I tendency/stability mL max 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0
Sequence II tendency/stability mL max 75/0 75/0 75/0 75/0 75/0 75/0 75/0 75/0
Sequence III tendency/stability mL max 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0
Air release D3427 time (mins) at 50 °C, max 5 5 5 5 10 13 ... ...
time (mins) at 75 °C max ... ... ... ... ... ... report report
Oxidation stability D943 time for acid number of 2 mg 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
KOH/g, h, min
Sludge tendency D4310 total insoluble sludge, mg, max 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
copper oil/water/sludge, mg report report report report report report report report
Thermal stability D2070 copper appearance, visual report report report 5 5 5 report report
steel appearance, visual report report report 1 1 1 report report
sludge, mg/100 mL report report report 25 25 25 report report
Wear protection D7043 weight loss vanes + ring, mg, ... ... report report report ... ... ...
max at 65 6 °C ⁄ 100H
weight loss vanes + ring, mg, ... ... ... ... ... report report report
max at 79 4 °C ⁄ 100H
A
Test Method D4052 can also be used.
B
Test Method D665 — soak time is 24 h.
 D6158 − 14
TABLE 4 Requirements for Type HV Mineral Oil Hydraulic Fluids (Multigrade Anti-wear)
Test Method
Properties ASTM (Other) Parameters Limits
Physical:
ISO-viscosity grade D2422 10 15 22 32 46 68 100 150
Viscosity of fresh oil D445 kinematic viscosity at 9.0–11.0 13.5–16.5 19.8–24.2 28.8–35.2 41.4–50.6 61.2–74.8 90.0–110 135–165
2
40 °C, mm /s
Viscosity # 750 cP D2983 temperature, °C, max –33 –23 –15 (–8) –2 4 10 16
Low temperature Viscosity D6080 report report report report report report report report
grade
Viscosity index of fresh oil D2270 min 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140
Viscosity after shear D6080 kinematic viscosity at report report report report report report report report
40 °C, mm2/s
Viscosity index after shear D6080 report report report report report report report report
Specific gravity D1298A report report report report report report report report
Appearance Visual, at 20 °C clear and clear and clear and clear and clear and clear and clear and clear and
bright bright bright bright bright bright bright bright

Flash point D92 temperature, °C, min 125 145 165 175 185 195 205 215
Pour point D97 temperature, °C, max –33 –24 –21 –18 –15 –12 –12 –12
Chemical:
Acid number D974/D 664 mg KOH/g, max report report report report report report report report
Performance
Rust prevention D665A visual evaluation, pass pass pass pass pass pass pass pass
pass or fail
D665B visual evaluation, pass pass pass pass pass pass pass pass
pass or fail
Corrosion D130 copper corrosion, 3 h 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
at 100 °C, visual, max
Water separability D1401 time (mins) to 3 mL 30 30 30 30 30 30 ... ...
emulsion max at 54 °C
time (mins) to 3 mL ... ... ... ... ... ... 60 60
emulsion max at 82 °C
Elastomer compatibility D471 100 °C ± 1 °C ⁄ 288 h ±
2h
SRE-NBR 1 Elastomer
(DIN53 538, Part 2 or
AAMA 524, Part 2)

relative volume report report 0 to 15 0 to 12 0 to 12 0 to 10 0 to 10 0 to 10

change, percent
change in Shore A report report 0 to –8 0 to –7 0 to –7 0 to –6 0 to –6 0 to –6
hardness, rating
Foam D892 Sequence I tendency/ 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0
stability mL max
Sequence II tendency/ 75/0 75/0 75/0 75/0 75/0 75/0 75/0 75/0
stability mL max
Sequence III tendency/ 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0 150/0
stability mL max
Air release D3427 time (mins) at 50 °C, 5 5 5 5 10 13 ... ...
max
time (mins) at 75 °C ... ... ... ... ... ... report report
max
Oxidation stability D943 time for acid number 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
of 2 mg
KOH/g, h, min
Sludge tendency D4310 total insoluble sludge, 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
mg, max
copper oil/water/sludge,report report report report report report report report
mg
Thermal stability D2070 copper appearance, report report report 5 5 5 report report
visual
steel appearance, report report report 1 1 1 report report
visual
sludge, mg/100 mL report report report 25 25 25 report report
Wear protection D7043 weight loss vanes + ... ... report report report ... ... ...
ring, mg, max at
65 6 °C ⁄ 100 H
weight loss vanes + ... ... ... ... ... report report report
ring, mg, max at
79 4 °C ⁄ 100 H
A
Test Method D4052 can also be used.

from normal hazards of handling and shipping. Packaging shall 6.2 Packaging and labeling shall comply with state or
conform to applicable carrier rules and regulations. federal regulations.

5
 D6158 − 14
6.3 Each container shall be plainly marked with the manu- 7. Keywords
facturer’s name and brand, production code or lot number, type 7.1 antiwear protection; guideline; hydraulic oils; mineral
of material, volume content, and any other information re- oils; rust and oxidation protection; viscosity index
quired by state or federal law.

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. SIGNIFICANCE OF TEST METHODS USED IN THE SPECIFICATION FOR MINERAL HYDRAULIC OILS

X1.1 Physical Properties heated at a constant rate will flash but not continue to burn
X1.1.1 ISO Viscosity Grade (Classification D2422)—The when a flame is passed over the cup. It is indirectly a measure
International Standards Organization has established a viscos- of both the volatility of the oil and flammability of the volatiles
ity classification system for industrial fluid lubricants. Such contained therein. This is mainly of interest as a quality control
lubricants are classified by grades designated as ISO-VG based test and for regulatory reasons. However, some manufacturers
on their viscosities in centistokes at 40 °C. The choice of use it as a safety criterion for work at high temperatures.
viscosity grade for use in a particular hydraulic system should X1.1.6 Pour Points (Test Method D97, Low Temperature
comply with the system requirements and the hydraulic pump Viscosity (Test Method D2983)—The pour point is an indica-
manufacturer’s recommendations. tion of the lowest temperature at which an oil will flow by
gravity. The fluid viscosity must allow the system to start up
X1.1.2 Viscosity (Test Methods D445 and D2983)—
and operate at low temperatures. As a practical rule, the fluid
Viscosity is the measurement of a fluid’s resistance to flow. It
should have a pour point 10 °C below the minimum expected
is considered to be the most important characteristic of a
ambient temperature. Test Method D2983 can be used to
hydraulic fluid. The optimum value is always a compromise. It
determine the temperature at which a fluid’s viscosity is less
has to be high enough at the working temperature to ensure that
than 750 cP, which is suggested as the highest viscosity that the
the fluid will not leak through the seals or junctions and to
equipment can tolerate without risk of damage during opera-
maintain proper lubrication. Also, the viscosity has to be low
tion.
enough to ensure fluid flow and to maintain system efficiency
and lubrication. X1.2 Chemical Properties
X1.1.3 Viscosity Index (VI) (Practice D2270)—The VI X1.2.1 Acid Number (Test Method D664)—The acid num-
number expresses the sensitivity of the fluid’s viscosity toward ber is the milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) required
changes of temperature. In general, the VI is not very critical to neutralize the acidic constituents in a gram of sample. The
when the system works at a stable operating temperature. initial acid number is influenced by base oil and additives. Test
When the variation of temperature among different points in Method D664 is a potentiometric titration test method used for
the system is high (over 30 °C), or the operational temperatures acid number calculations. This is mainly of value as a quality
vary considerably, then a high VI (over 90) is usually recom- control test.
mended.
X1.1.3.1 Viscosity-Modified Oils, (Practice D6080)—High X1.2.2 Acid Number (Test Method D974)—In this test
VI hydraulic fluids (Category HV) usually contain high mo- method acid number is determined by a color-indicator titration
lecular weight thickeners, called viscosity index improvers method and is used as an alternative to Test Method D664. It
(VII), which impart non-Newtonian characteristics to the fluid. should be noted that the acid number obtained by this test
These polymers may shear in operation, effectively reducing method may or may not be numerically the same as that
the viscosity of the fluid at a given system operating tempera- obtained by Test Method D664, but it is generally of the same
ture. Practice D6080 can be used to classify oils for (1) low order of magnitude.
temperature viscosity and (2) high temperature viscosity after
X1.3 Performance Properties
shearing. This information helps users ensure that fluid will
have suitable viscosity throughout the operating temperature X1.3.1 Rust Preventing Characteristics (Test Method
range of the system. D665)—This test method measures the ability of the oil to
prevent rusting of steel surfaces when water is present.
X1.1.4 Specific Gravity, Density, (Test Method D1298)—
Procedure A involves the use of distilled water, and Procedure
This property is of value to hydraulic system designers and
B involves the use of synthetic sea water.
operators for calculating system weight, internal pressure, wall
thickness, and pump requirements. X1.3.2 Copper Corrosion Characteristics (Test Method
D130)—Some components of hydraulic systems contain cop-
NOTE X1.1—Test Method D4052 can also be used. per alloys (for example, vane pump bushings and piston pump
X1.1.5 Flash Point (Test Method D92)—Flash point is the shoes). This test method indicates the relative tendency of oils
temperature at which the fluid contained in a test cup and to corrode copper.

6
 D6158 − 14
X1.3.3 Water Separability Characteristics (Test Method X1.3.7 Sludging Tendency (Test Method D4310)—As stated
D1401)—Water in large hydraulic systems may be removed by in X1.3.6, insoluble or corrosive materials may form in oils
mechanical procedures that take advantage of the demulsibility when they are subjected to oxidation conditions. This 1000
properties of the oil. An emulsion can reduce the viscosity of h-test determines the tendency of oil to form sludge in the
the circulating fluid, creating lubrication problems, which may presence of oxygen, water, and metal catalysts. Test Method
lead to deposits. Test Method D1401 determines the water D4310 also measures the total copper present in the oil, water,
separation characteristics of oils. and sludge. It is a complement to Test Method D943.
X1.3.4 Foaming Characteristics (Test Method D892)—In X1.3.8 Thermal Stability (Test Method D2070)—The ther-
oil systems having high circulation rates, it is important that air mal degradation of a lubricant can yield insoluble materials
introduced through the seals or at the reservoir tank be readily that plug filters, block narrow clearances, and corrode metals.
released from the body of the fluid and not collect as foam on This test method determines the tendency of oils to form sludge
the surface of the fluid, since this can produce cavitation or at high temperatures in the absence of water and in the
impede proper circulation. Test Method D892 measures the presence of iron and copper.
tendency of the oil to form foam and the stability of such foam. X1.3.9 Wear Protection (Test Method D7043)—Hydraulic
There are three sequences: Sequence I at 24 °C; Sequence II at systems running at medium pressures, designed with small
93.5 °C; and Sequence III at 24 °C, using the same sample clearances, and subject to metal-to-metal contact (for example,
tested in Sequence II. vane, piston, and gear pumps) should use fluids that have
X1.3.5 Air Release (Test Method D3427)—Agitation of anti-wear properties. Test Method D7043 is a constant-volume
lubricating oil with air in equipment may produce a dispersion medium-pressure 13.8 MPa [2000 psi] vane pump test. The
of finely divided air bubbles in the oil. If the residence time in evaluation parameter is the weight loss of the ring and the
the reservoir is too short to allow air bubbles to rise to the vanes. The rig simulates fluid performance in small hydraulic
surface, a mixture of air and oil will circulate through the systems.
lubrication system. This may result in the incapability to X1.3.10 Filterability—Although it is recognized that filter-
maintain oil pressure, incomplete oil films in contact zones, ability of hydraulic oils is very important, no consensus exists
and poor hydraulic system performance or failure. This test that a satisfactory test method is available.
method measures the time for the entrained air content to fall X1.3.11 Elastomer Compatibility (Test Method D471)—The
to the relatively low value of 0.2 % volume under standardized compatibility of a fluid with elastomers is recognized to be
test conditions, and hence permits the comparison of the oils’ very important.
capacity to separate entrained air over a period of time.
X1.3.12 Hydrolytic Stability—The resistance of hydraulic
X1.3.6 Oxidation Stability (Test Method D943)—Oxidation fluids to hydrolysis is important. Reaction of a finished product
of the oil may increase oil viscosity, produce sludge that can with water can lead to the formation of corrosive substances,
make valves stick and plug filters, and generate materials that acids, insoluble by-products, and very stable emulsions that
are corrosive to metals. Test Method D943 measures the time can, in turn, cause corrosion, sticky valves, plugged filters, and
that the oil resists oxidation in the presence of oxygen, water, change in oil viscosity.
and metal catalysts. It should be recognized, however, that X1.3.12.1 Test Method D2619 is frequently used in hydrau-
correlation between results of this test method and the oxida- lic oil standards or specifications. This particular test method is
tion stability of a lubricant in field service can vary markedly not used in this specification because of its poor precision and
with field service conditions. This test method does not its inadmissibility in some European countries. There is an
measure sludge formation or catalyst coil corrosion (see Test activity in Subcommittee D02.N0 to improve the precision of
Method D4310 and X1.3.7). the test method.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Subcommittee D02.N0 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(D6158 – 10) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Dec. 1, 2014.)

(1) Removed obsolete footnotes from all tables.

7
 D6158 − 14
ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above
address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222
Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http://www.copyright.com/