Chemical Kinetics Types of Reaction
Chemical Kinetics Types of Reaction
Chemical Kinetics Types of Reaction
Chemical Branch of chemistry which deals with study of chemical reaction, Mechanism of chemical reaction and
Kinetics their mechanism
Types of Very Fast or Instantaneous Reaction:-Reaction takes 10-14 to 10-16 Second for completion.For
reaction Example :-Ionic reaction
(AgNO3 + NaClAgCl + NaNO3 ,
BaCl2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 + 2HCl ,
HCl + NaOHNaCl + H2O)
Very Slow Reaction:-Reaction takes place very slowly For Example:-
Rusting of iron,
Reaction between H2 and O2 intheabscence of catalyst and
CO +H2 CH3OH(At roomTemperature)
Moderate Reaction:-Reaction which proceed with measurable rate of reaction
Decompositon ofH2O2(2H2O2 2H2O + O2),
Decompositionof N2O5(2N2O5 4NO2 +O2)
Hydrolysis of Ester(CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH CH3COONa + C2H5OH)
Inversion of cane sugar in aqueous solution
Reaction of NO with chlorine(NO + Cl2 NOCl2)
RATE OF The change in concentration of either reactant or product per unit time.
REACTION
Average Rate The change in concentration of reactant or product Over a certain measureable period for a reaction
Of Reaction AB
rAv =
The change in concentration of reactant or product at any particular instant during reaction
Instantaneous
rate ofreaction
Example-2
Molecularity The total no. Of molecules,atom or ions participating inan elementry reaction
It is a theoretical quantity.It can be aninteger but cannot be zero,negative or fractional
For elementry reaction, it is equal to its order
Incomplex reaction,molecularity of slowest step is same as order of reaction which can consider
as molecularity of reaction.(Except when slowest step contain intermediate)
Maximum value of molecularity or order of reaction is 3 because chance of effective collosion of
more than three molecule is rare.
Diffrance
between
molecularity
and order of
reaction
Pseudo Achemical reaction which seemsto be higher order but actually they are of first order
firstorder For these reaction,Order of reaction is one but molecularity is more than one Example :-
reaction Hydrolysis of ester in acedic medium,
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O CH3COOH + C2H5OH Rate =K[CH3COOC2H5][ H2O]
When water is in excess then K’[CH3COOC2H5]
Inversion of cane sugar inacidic medium C12H22O11 + H2O --- C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
Rate =K[C6H12O6][ H2O]
When water is in excess then K’[C6H12O6]
INTEGRATED Zero Order of Reaction:-Reaction in which rate of reaction is directly proportional to zero power
RATE of the reactant in rate law expression.
EQUATION
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First order Reaction in which the rate of reaction is directly proportional to concentration of reactant
reaction
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GENERAL
INTEGRATIO
N RATE
EQUATION
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Example of
second order
Example of
third order
5.Presence of catalyst:-In the presence of catalyst, Ea(Activation energy) decreases therefore rate of
reaction increases
6.Exposure of radiation:-Rate of some reaction increases on exposure of radiation. These reaction are
called photochemical reaction
For Example:-
QuantumYield
ARRHENIUS Arrhenius derived a mathematical expression to give a quantitative relationship between rate constant
EQUATION :
and temperature. K= A.e—Ea /RT (Here, A = frequency factor; Ea = activation energy ;
Limitation of
collosion theory
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Collision theory
of chemical
reaction
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ILLUSTRATION FOR RATE OF CHEMICAL REACTION
E x . 1 What should be (a) the rate of disappearance of B and (b) the rate of formation of C, if the rate of disappearance
of A for the reaction A + B 2C is 10–2 mole/litre/second at a particular temperature ?
Question :1.Ethylene oxide is decomposed into CH4 and CO. Rate constant for this reaction may be described by the
equation log k (s–1) = 14.34 - –
Solution:-
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Question :-2.The rate constant of forward reaction a reaction increases by 6% when the temperature of the reaction is
increased from 300 to 301 K, whereas equilibrium constant increases by 2%. Calculate the activation energy
Question:-Value of rate constant for a first order reaction at 500 K is 1.60 × 10–5 second–1, whereas at 600 K, it is
6.36 × 10–3 second–1. Find out the activation energy of the reaction.
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reaction is – 20kJ, then the activation energy for the reverse reaction is
[A] k = A eEa/RT [B] ln k – ln A =Ea/RT [C] ln A – ln k =Ea/RT [D] ln A – ln k = –Ea/RT Ans. [C]
4.Which of the following expression give the effect of temperature on the rate constant ?
[A] ln A = RT ln Ea – ln k [B] ln k = ln A – Ea/RT [C] k = AEa /RT [D] None of these Ans. [B]
[C] Order of the reaction [D] Energy of activations as well as the frequency factor