Assignment1 Group10 Report 1 1

PASSIVE
GREEN
BUILDINGS
CASE STUDIES ON
BCA ACADEMY
CANMET MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY
GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN [ARC61804]
Aimen Siddiqui 338492 Alya Sofiyah 333904 Chieng Shoa Gan 335452 Siow Yee Thong 333816 Vidya Millenia Azahra 338585
Aishath Manha Shahid 337662 Brenda Jerotich Maswan 333714 Nadhih Ahmed 324636 Uthayaa Purnna Devandran 335717 Wong Liang Jie 343789
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION & SITE PLANNING [BCA ACADEMY] 3.1 FACADE DESIGN [CANMET LABORATORY]
1.0.1 Vegetation 3.1.1 Introduction
1.0.2 Building Orientation 3.1.2 Kalwall
1.0.3 Climate Analysis 3.1.3 Southern Facade
3.1.4 Western Facade
1.1 INTRODUCTION & SITE PLANNING [CANMET LABORATORY] 3.1.5 Maintenance of Facade
1.1.1 Site Plan 3.1.5 User Experience
1.1.2 Climate Analysis 3.2 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
1.1.3 Building Orientation
1.2 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 4.0 NATURAL VENTILATION [BCA ACADEMY]
4.0.1 Wind Path
2.0 DAYLIGHTING [BCA ACADEMY] 4.0.2 Solar Chimney
4.0.3 Single Coil Twin Fan System
2.0.1 Solar Analysis
4.0.4 Personalized Ventilation
2.0.2 Introduction
4.0.5 Displacement Ventilation & Underfloor Cooling System
2.0.3 Location of Windows Openings
4.1 NATURAL VENTILATION [CANMET LABORATORY]
2.0.4 Mirror Ducts
4.1.1 Introduction
2.0.5 Light Pipes
4.1.2 Cross & Stack Ventilation
2.0.6 Shading Devices 4.1.3 Geothermal Heat Pumps (GHPs) OR Geo-Exchange System
2.0.7 Light Shelves 4.1.4 Hydronic Radiant Heating and Cooling System
2.0.8 Efficient Light Fixtures 4.2 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
2.1 DAYLIGHTING [CANMET LABORATORY]
2.1.1 Introduction 5.0 STRATEGIC LANDSCAPING [BCA ACADEMY]
2.1.2 Location of Windows Openings 5.0.1 Introduction
2.1.3 Solar Analysis 5.0.2 Function of Green Roof
2.1.4 Triple Glazed Windows 5.0.3 Function of Green Walls
2.1.5 Clerestories 5.0.4 Function of The Trees in the area
2.1.6 Solar Shades 5.0.5 Characteristic About the Plants in The Area
2.1.7 Rooftop Solar Thermal Collectors 5.1 STRATEGIC LANDSCAPING [CANMET LABORATORY]
2.1.8 Daylight Occupancy Sensor 5.1.1 Spatial Quality
2.2 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 5.1.2 Zoning
-Entry
-Rain Garden
3.0 FACADE DESIGN [BCA ACADEMY] -The North Landscape
3.0.1 Introduction 5.1.3 Infiltration
3.0.2 Western Facade 5.1.4 Types of Plants Used
3.0.3 Eastern Facade 5.2 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
3.0.4 Maintenance of Facade
3.0.5 User Experience 6.0 CONCLUSION
7.0 REFERENCES
GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN | TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY 02

1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SITE PLANNING BCA ACADEMY
BUILDING ORIENTATION
INTRODUCTION
Located in Bradell Rd, Singapore, BCA Academy is one of the many futuristic and sustainably
designed projects in the world.With a total building area of 25,000 m2, IES went on to produce
thorough Building Energy Models (iSCAN & VE) of potential new structures and existing
infrastructure in order to explore master planning considerations as well as the best design and
retrofit options that fulfilled the BCA's demanding energy performance requirements. Two new
low/zero energy buildings were planned for the campus – a Super Low Energy High Rise (SLEB)
and a Zero Energy Mid Rise (ZEB 2.0).
VEGETATION
Project name : Zero Energy Trees growing along the west side of
Building Location : 200 Braddell Road campus, the building. This would pose a problem
Singapore if PV panels were installed on the
Completion date : October 2009 western facade as the trees would cast
Grossfloor area : 4500 m2(48,438 sq.ft) a shadow and shade the panels. If this
Number of Floors : 3 happens, the PV system’s performance The building has a East-West orientation, which
Year of operation : 2010 to now would drop instantly and drastically. It made the task of retrofitting it more challenging.
Cost : SG$11 million (approximately US$7.86 million)
was eventually agreed that the trees Buildings in the tropics usually have a North-South
Program : Government office and academic facilities
would not be removed but trimmed orientation to avoid facing the sun directly. This is
Owner : Building and construction Authority of
Singapore periodically for greater visibility and because the building uses solar power and has to
Award/certification : Singapore Green Mark Platinum allow installed PV panels to perform maximise the amount of sunlight directed onto the
optimally. solar panels. This led to the decision to incorporate
design solutions such as shading devices, low-
The Building and Construction emissivity glass and vertical greenery.
Authority (BCA) Singapore, has
successfully demonstrated an
innovative energy modelling approach
to improve and optimise the
performance of building clusters,
such as a Campus.

TEMPERATURE
1.0.3 CLIMATE ANALYSIS Temperatures in Singapore may range from 23°C to 34°C on an average
day, with high humidity of around 84 RH% (relative humidity). The
requirement to cool and dehumidify spaces to ensure pleasant
SUN PATH conditions for people is necessitated by the high temperatures and
humidity. The requirement for such climatic alteration of regions within a
building, on the other hand, consumes a lot of energy. This has presented
a great difficulty for the government. The requirement for such climatic
alteration of regions within a structure, on the other hand, wastes a lot of
energy. This has provided a significant problem for Singapore's buildings
in balancing our needs with our responsibility to the environment.
From March to September, the afternoon sun is actually in the north-west

direction, whilst the afternoon sun is mainly in the south-west direction
from September to March. As such, people in Singapore generally avoid
orientating to achieve west-facing buildings because that's where the sun
will be at during large parts of the day. In this solar path analyses, the
observation is that the Zero Energy Building is orientated to achieve
maximum amount of solar rays as it is powered by solar energy.
WIND
Singapore also has low wind speeds. During the months of
December to March, the surface wind comes from the
North-Northeast direction at an average speed of 1.9
Solar panels are placed at metres per second (m/s) to 2.8 m/s. From May to
the highlighted part of the September, the wind comes predominantly from the South-
plan to absorb sunlight. Southeast direction with lower wind speeds of 1.5 m/s to
2.4 m/s (National Environment Agency, 2009).

1.1 INTRODUCTION AND SITE PLANNING CANMET LABORATORY
INTRODUCTION SITE PLAN
The CANMET Material Technology Laboratory, which is striving CANMET's site

for LEED Platinum certification, was designed by Diamond and development leads the way
Schmitt Architects for Natural Resources Canada, a federal by setting frameworks for
agency.This 15,400-square meter (165,000-square foot) facility many aspects of campus
will host metallurgical research in an environment filled with development including
natural light, fresh air ventilation, planting gardens and a building density, bike lanes,
multitude of renewable and passive schemes, all of which serve public transit stops, and co-
to diminish energy consumption by 70 percent. op parking. Its landscape
also introduces 50 native
CanmetMATERIALS is the largest research centre in Canada species .
Site Boundary
dedicated to fabricating, processing and evaluating metals and
materials. Scientific and technical staff in Hamilton and Calgary This MIP campus transforms a 37-acre
research and develop materials solutions for Canadian industry in industrial brownfield site into a
the energy, transportation and metal-manufacturing sectors. productive vibrant new neighbourhood
in an environmentally sustainable
CanmetMATERIALS deploys technologies to improve all aspects manner. A high level of environmental
of producing and using value-added products that are derived stewardship and responsibility is
from metals and minerals. guided by a LEED Silver Campus
Master Plan and the Provincial
Contaminated Sites Program.
CANMET is the first new building
located on a newly created block and
leads the way in developing the range
of initiatives and frameworks for
sustainable site development at the
MIP campus

1.1 INTRODUCTION AND SITE PLANNING CANMET LABORATORY
CLIMATE & ORIENTATION SPACE PLANNING

Hamilton, Ontario Climate:
Humid Subtropical -
characterized by hot and
humid summers, and cold to
mild winters
Spring - March 20 to
June 20 (8°C)
Summer - June 21 to
September 21
(above 20°C - 30°C)
Sun Path Wind rose
Fall (or Autumn) -
September 22 to
GENERAL APPROACH December 20 (below
the east facade of the 10°C)
building will receive a fair Winter - December
amount of sunlight from 21 to March 19
(below 0°C)
sunrise to noon whereas
the west facade receives
intense sunlight from 2pm
local time. Hence Kalwall
is used as a lighting
solution.
Canmet laboratory aims for a long lasting 50-
Orientation specific solar shading to provide high quality
seasonal year durable building plan. The office is
daylight (non-glare) and low thermal gains in summer were landscaping/ organized uniformly, with open-concept
evaluated and developed using daylight models. For the west trees for shading workstations on the periphery and offices
elevation the building is evaluated from a variety of shading during noon due inside. Departments can easily expand and
to the altitude of contract by adjusting the type of office as
strategies before we selected a perforated stainless steel
the sun and spaces are provided sufficiently to
screen that reduced both peak and operational cooling loads reduces glare accommodate changed equipment designated
by 50% along the west façade. for laboratories

1.2 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
BCA ACADEMY CANMET MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY
CLIMATE COMPARISON
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
The weather's warm and tropical year-round.
Temperatures in Singapore may range from The temperature and climate of Canada as
23°C to 34°C on an average day, with high mentioned consists of hot to humid summers
humidity of around 84 RH% (relative in June and cold to mild winters from
humidity). April is the warmest month, September to March. To conclude, the
January is the coolest month and November
is the wettest month. temperature varies throughout the year.
SUN PATH SUN PATH

In 2020, there were about 5.9 hours of sunshine The average amount of sunshine yearly in
on an average day in Singapore, indicating a Hamilton is 2111 hours / 301 days. Whereas the
decrease from the previous year by almost an amount of sunlight in a day is 12.15 hours. This
hour. Singapore is a country with a tropical is due to climate change or seasonal change
climate, meaning that it has a relatively constant occur every year. Thus, the amount of light and
temperature range all year round. heat also depends on the azimuth and the
altitude of the sun.
WIND ANALYSIS WIND ANALYSIS

Singapore also has low wind speeds. During the
months of December to March, the surface wind The wind direction shown from the wind rose in Hamilton varies from
comes from the North-Northeast direction. From months to months. However it usually occurs from the west. Thus allowing
May to September, the wind comes predominantly cross ventilation to pass through the operational windows and wire mesh
from the South-Southeast direction with lower facade installed in the west side to serves its purpose.
wind speeds.
CONCLUSION
Hamilton's climate is characterized by uniform temperature and pressure, high humidity, and abundant rainfall due to its geographic location and maritime exposure. The
temperature ranges from 25 to 31 degrees Celsius on average. Thunderstorms strike 40 percent of the time.
Singapore's climate is characterised by uniform temperature and pressure, high humidity, and abundant rainfall due to its geographic location and maritime exposure. The
temperature ranges from 25 to 31 degrees Celsius on average. Thunderstorms strike 40 percent of the time.

2.0 DAYLIGHTING BCA ACADEMY
2.0.1 SOLAR ANAYLSIS 2.0.2 INTRODUCTION

In Singapore, the sun is almost directly While minimising solar heat gains is important, it is also important to take advantage of and harness natural
overhead throughout the year since daylight for spaces. This reduces the need for artificial lighting which requires significant amounts of energy.
Singapore is located only 1° north of Bringing in daylight via window openings at appropriate heights, skylights and/or atrium spaces are all
the equator. East and West effective strategies that will affect massing and orientation decision.
orientations receive the most solar Plan for daylight by minimising floor plate depth, especially in office buildings. The deeper the floor plate, the
exposure here and therefore have the harder it is to bring natural daylight into spaces therefore increasing the dependence on artificial lighting.
most potential for solar heat gains. Floor plates in excess of 27.5 m will have difficulty achieving effective daylighting to spaces.
The Sun Path diagram for Singapore
indicates that both North and South If the floor plate is deep , consider;
orientations also receive solar Adding clerestory light or Mirror ducts
exposure for a portion of the year. CLERESTORY FOR DAYLIGHTING atrium spaces through the LIGHT SHELVES BEST FOR and sun pipes
(NORTH/SOUTH FACING IS BEST) NATURAL DAYLIGHTING
the building bring more are also
natural light in. effective at
Adding light shelves to bringing
bring daylight further into daylight into
spaces, up to 8m. spaces.
2.0.3 LOCATION OF WINDOW OPENINGS
WESTERN FACADE EASTERN FACADE LIGHT PIPES

Sun Path Diagram for Singapore
Light pipes are located at the
centre of the BCA building.
LIGHT SHELVES
Light shelves are located at
the library, Level 3 offices
SHADING DEVICES
and Experimental office.
Shading devices are MIRROR DUCTS
located at Visitor
Centre, library, Level Mirror ducts system are integrated
3 offices. into the eastern facade.
Section of BCA building

ILLUMINATING UNIT
2.0.4 MIRROR DUCTS LIGHT CAPTURING UNIT
It is integrated in the interior It illuminates the buiding interior
NATURAL
NATURAL LIGHT
wall and is able to admit natural LIGHT with the transmitted natural light LIGHT-
HOW DOES IT WORK? light efficiently TRANSMITTING
UNIT
A simple system that uses duct made of This unit
highly reflective material to bring in natural LIGHT transmit the
COLLECTION
captured
light into the space, enabling a considerable UNIT
EAVE
PRIMARY MIRROR natural light
energy natural light into the space, enabling without
External collectors
a considerable energy consumption saving. MIRROR DUCT
reflect light towards
losing its
intensity
Mirror Ducts on the exterior of the building There are no mechanical parts involved and the end of the ducts
no power is required.
LIGHT COLLECTION UNIT
Mirror ducts capture zenith daylight (which

Section showing Mirror Duct system
is brighter than lateral daylight) through
external collectors. Light is channelled into MAINTENANCE USER EXPERIENCE
horizontal reflective ducts within the false There is almost no maintenance Natural daylight
LIGHT
ceiling which then exits through the ceiling COLLECTION required after installation, but contributes to
Mirror Ducts on the interior of the building UNIT
apertures above a user. Such light is usually because it uses natural energy, CO2 visual comfort
Mirror Ducts are located on the eastern side
of the building facade glare-free. emissions can be greatly reduced satisfaction and
compared with artificial light. well-being.
Light Pipes; BCA includes

2.0.5 LIGHT PIPES
light pipes that work in
tandem with mirrored
MATERIALS Daylight is
exterior ducts to bring HOW DOES IT WORK? redirected by

mirrors
BIPV ROOF VERTICAL
daylight into interior spaces. LIGHT PIPES
The system is essentially
a pipe that sticks out of a Daylight is transmitted
by reflection through
building's roof and vertical light pipes
reflects sunlight directly

into an interior room.
Daylight is released
through ceiling
Light pipes on the interior of the building openings up to 5m
HORIZONTAL below the roof
Light pipes on the exterior of the building BIPV RAILING LIGHT PIPES
It is more energy efficient Section diagram of Light Pipes

MAINTENANCE than skylight since less
To ensure the quality of illuminance, maintenance program should be applied to the energy escapes from the USER EXPERIENCE
system. Dirt and dust can reduce the efficiency of the systems, hence it require regular visual environment, well-being impact and
interior due to less
cleaning. The replacement of affected component due to optical distortions or productivity improvements can increase
surface area.
possibility of broken or degraded components. the maintenance of light pipe system user awareness of this system.
may a problem and more inaccessible than the conventional lighting.
2.0.6 SHADING DEVICES 2.0.7 LIGHT SHELVES
USER EXPERIENCE HOW DOES IT WORK?
Light shelves are highly reflective
surfaces that reflect daylight deep
into space. This can help to reduce
the use of artificial lighting at
daytime.
Light pipes on the interior of the building
shading devices are installed for the purpose of Light pipes on the interior of the building
The efficiency of the light shelves
improving the visual comfort of indoor building
in ZEB is enhanced using ceiling
occupants by blocking excessive sunlight and USER EXPERIENCE
allowing adequate daylight to come through
material that has a highly reflective
Increase
Light pipes on the interior of the building windows. occupant coating on the surface.
comfort and Light shelves also provide shade
productivity against direct sunlight.
HOW DOES IT WORK?
Sunshade devices minimize direct sunlight into the building interior, MAINTENANCE
Internal light shelves however may be easier to maintain
which reduces solar gain on the façade without compromising daylight as they can be more accessible and less exposed. In very
and natural ventilation. broad terms, internal light shelves tend to have a depth
Light pipes on the interior of the building similar to the height of the opening that they sit below.
In addition to providing shade, the sunshades surfaces exposed to

2.0.8 EFFICIENT LIGHT FIXTURES
direct sunlight are each installed with thin film amorphous
photovoltaic panels. 1. Use of fluorescent lamps cut
power usage by 26 percent.
One square meter of PV panel can generate power for about one 45- 2. Occupancy sensors control the
Watt light bulb. amount of artificial lighting used.
Lights are activated only when
Hence, the total PV installed on the shading devices is able to power someone enters a room.
24 nos. of such light bulbs. Additionally, light intensity is
adjusted according to daylight‐
levels.
The need to maintain and clean shading devices, 3. When there is abundant daylight,
MAINTENANCE particularly operable ones, must be factored into any life- artificial lights are automatically
cycle cost analysis of their use
Light pipes on the interior of the building
dimmed.

2.1 DAYLIGHTING CANMET MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY
2.1.1 INTRODUCTION 2.1.3 SOLAR ANALYSIS

The building consists of clerestories which brings daylight to inboard
corridors and augment daylight to high bay labs. Inboard labs have windows
to daylit corridors and atria, thereby connecting researchers with the time of 6:23 AM
day. The morning sun rays shining on
the east facade will receive a fair
Offices line the perimeter of the second floor to benefit from natural amount of sunshine from sunrise
daylight. Daylight modeling informed glazing and solar shading strategy at till noon.
the perimeter. Light transmitting highlights drive light deep into the space,
clear lowlights provide vision and customized orientation specific solar
shading reduce glare and thermal gains.
12:00 PM
During this scorching hour, the sun
These strategies paired with daylight and occupancy sensors reduce
shines bright on the southern
electrical energy requirements for lighting.
facade. A solar wall system was
designed on a 53 degree tilt from
2.1.2 LOCATION OF WINDOW OPENINGS
the roof on the south façade of the
building to match the sun's
CLERESTORIES DAYLIGHT SENSORS SOLAR SHADING
located at the corridors Installed throughout Installed on the azimuth during the winter months
and high bay labs. the CANMET building windows
TRIPLE GLAZED 6:35 PM

WINDOWS As the sun sets, the sun rays hit
located in Office,
the western facade made from
SOUTHERN FACADE
NOTHERN FACADE
2nd floor
perforated stainless steel screen
ROOFTOP SOLAR that reduced both peak and
THERMAL operational cooling loads by 50%
COLLECTORS
Located on top of
along the west façade.
the roof

MAINTENANCE
2.1.4 TRIPLE GLAZED WINDOWS
There is almost no
maintenance required
HOW DOES IT WORK? after installation other
Triple glazing is made up of three panes of glass instead of one or two. The cavity than normal day to day
between each pane of glass is usually filled with an inert gas – such as argon, xenon cleaning of the
or krypton. Together with the extra pane, this can help to reduce noise transmission windows
and increase energy efficiency.
The air gaps in triple glazing are too small to allow the air to circulate and therefore ADVANTAGES
prevent heat transfer by convection in the window. Because the argon gas is a poor Noise reduction
conductor, it reduces the rate of heat loss through the window. In the space between less heat los
the glass panes, the argon gas is able to improve the thermal performance by Energy efficient
stopping heat from escaping, eliminating energy wastage. Improved security
2.1.5 CLERESTORIES 2.1.6 SOLAR SHADES

HOW DOES IT WORK? HOW DOES IT WORK?
They are placed high up Solar shades are made with a coated
compared to other material that is finely and tightly woven to
windows, clerestories provide light and heat coverage. solar
can deliver sunlight far shades help to reduce heat by minimizing
deeper into a living space glare and blocking out light. Similar to the
than normal vertical degree of light that is allowed in, the level
glazing. Their main of heat protection from solar shades also
function is twofold: they depends on the openness of the weave
deliver extra daylighting (the solar shade percentage). The fabric
and they provide a ADVANTAGES color can also influence heat and light
method of heating Allows a lot more light into the blockage. Since lighter fabrics reflect
thermal mass in north building, while reducing glare more light compared to darker ones,
walls which would and improving privacy. choose darker fabrics if you want to block
normally be in shade. Increase solar gain more light and heat.

MAINTENANCE
2.1.7 ROOFTOP SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTORS
There are components within a system such
as the pump and valves that must be kept in
HOW DOES IT WORK? good working order. Regular servicing
The main components of a solar thermal system are solar minimises your running costs and maximises
collectors and a hot water tank. Solar collectors, like solar panels, the amount of renewable heat produced and of
are installed on the roof of a building. Solar collectors convert solar course maximises the life span of the system.
radiation to heat, which is then transferred to a hot water tank
through a heat transfer fluid. The heat transfer fluid is comprised You will need to replace the fluid every 5 years
of either water, ethylene glycol, or a combination of the two liquids. to ensure that the pH and antifreeze-protection
levels are correct.The solar transfer fluid
They provide radiant heating and the building’s entire annual should NEVER simply be topped but the
domestic water heating requirements, with on site storage in solar system should be flushed out, cleaned and
cisterns for unused solar heat then flushed with the new transfer fluid.
2.1.8 DAYLIGHT OCCUPANCY SENSOR
HOW DOES IT WORK? ADVANTAGES OF OCCUPANCY SENSORS

Daylight sensors are Can be very fool proof, allowing wide coverage and applications.
battery-powered Can be wired to a dimming circuit to control room lighting based
sensors that save on available light and occupancy.
energy by dimming or Small, inexpensive, and easy to install.
turning off electric Can cover wide areas effectively; switching units can control a
lighting when sufficient variety of equipment.
daylight is available. The
sensor detects light in DISADVANTAGES OF OCCUPANCY SENSORS
the space and then They can be more expensive (for small area applications), and
adjusts the lights to may require more adjustments since sensors contain more than
take advantage of one sensing unit.
daylight, thus Integrated Daylight Sensors can be difficult to adjust and require
conserving energy. a dimming ballast or special wiring.

DESIGN STRATEGIES
The window openings and shading devices are placed on the western and eastern facade of the building.
MIRROR DUCTS LIGHT PIPES

TRIPLE GLAZED WINDOWS SOLAR SHADING DAYLIGHT SENSORS
LIGHT ILLUMINATING
The system is Argon Gas
CAPTURING UNIT UNIT
essentially a
NATURAL
LIGHT
pipe that sticks Internal Pane: Planitherm Total

LIGHT- TRANSMITTING
EAVE
UNIT out of a Second Pane: Planitherm Total
PRIMARY MIRROR
building's roof + Toughned Glass
Mirror ducts capture and reflects
zenith daylight (which sunlight directly External Pane: Clear Float Glass
is brighter than lateral into an interior
daylight) through room.
external collectors
LIGHT SHELVES SHADING DEVICE LIGHT FIXTURES
CLERESTORY ROOFTOP SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTORS

Placed high up They provide radiant
compared to other
heating and the
windows and can
deliver sunlight far
building’s entire
deeper into a living annual domestic
space than normal water heating
vertical glazing. requirements
Sunshade devices minimize direct sunlight
into the building interior, which reduces
solar gain on the façade without
compromising daylight and natural
Light shelves are highly reflective ventilation. Use of fluorescent lamps cut
surfaces that reflect daylight deep power usage by 26 percent.
into space. This can help to reduce Occupancy sensors control the
the use of artificial lighting at amount of artificial lighting
daytime. used
ENERGY SAVINGS
Lighting system to be
FAÇADE AND LAYOUT
HIGH PERFORMANCE Lighting system to be powered through daylighting
Impact; Potential OPTIMIZED FOR
and occupancy sensors.
30% 48%
POE-BASED DIMMABLE powered through ethernet to DAYLIGHT Result: 48-per cent
lighting energy Integrated Design Process
CEILING LUMINAIRE + minimise energy use rather PENETRATION AND energy savings
savings up to 30% (IDP), which led to a 77-per
LIGHTING CONTROL than normal power cabling GLARE REDUCTION
cent reduction in energy use

3.0 FACADE DESIGN BCA ACADEMY
3.0.1 INTRODUCTION 3.0.2 WESTERN FACADE

1. Windows
A facade is the exterior wall or 'face" of a building. It
2. Vertical Green Wall
sometimes envelopes the building. This element the most
recognizable part of a building. This makes it integral to the WINDOWS
overall design of the building.
Designing a facade determines how the building will be Windows on the western facade have
viewed by the users from a exterior perspective. integrated the use of a thick 24mm
PASSIVE DESIGN AND FACADES double glazing unit.
Facades have a significant effect in indoor thermal comfort. Double glazing reduces heat loss
Facades have an influence in indoor overheating as a results through the thermal cushion and
of direct solar radiation especially in hot climates. insulation of the air contained in the
The optimization of passive design on the facade can sealed unit.
effectively improve the internal thermal comfort and better
the user's experience of the interior space. VERTICAL GREEN WALL
Passive design has been implemented on two facades of the The main purpose of the green wall is to
building. The western facade and the eastern facade. monitor and study the effectiveness of
the several systems on the reduction of
heat transfer through the building into the
interior space.
The green wall has thermoreceptor
sensors on the building’s surface behind
western facade
eastern facade
the vertical greenery, on the external

facade and under the plants. to track
surface and ambient temperature.

3.0.3 EASTERN
3.6 FACADE VERTICAL GREEN WALL:
The living wall needs regular inspection to ensure the plants are surviving
1. Windows and the thermoreceptor sensors are working.
This is essential to the efficiency of this particular strategy.
WINDOWS The plants are fed water by a built-in irrigation system, which is also
regularly maintained.
6mm thick of glazing low
emissivity glazing
The special coating on low-e
glass, unlike normal glass
has the ability to reduce the 3.0.5 USER EXPERIENCE
transfer of heat by solar
radiation. This helps lower The facade’s main goal is to create a conducive indoor environment for the
the amount of heat that is user by regulating indoor heat gain. The windows reflect heat to ensure
transmitted into the building. indoor heat is maintained at a level of thermal comfort.
3.0.4 MAINTAINACE OF THE FACADE
1. WINDOWS (GLASS)
2. VERTICAL GREEN WALL
GLASS
The glass manufacturer, Bendheim suggests for maintenance that the
glass should be cleaned carefully. The interior of Low E glass should
not be scrubbed or cleaned with abrasives so as not to damage the
coating. The exterior is just cleaned with soapy water and rinsed off
with plain water and allowed to dry through evaporation
The interiors are wiped gently with lint-free clothes to remove excess
moisture.

3.1 FACADE
3.3 EASTERN FACADE DESIGN CANMET MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY LBOROTORY
3.1.1 INTRODUCTION 3.1.3 SOUTHERN FACADE

WINDOWS
The facade for CANMET materials technology building was 1. Solar panel system
designed to minimize the glare created by the sun on the 2. Windws
users of the building
Another consideration was to make the building as energy
SOLAR PANEL SYSTEM
efficient as possible, hence solar panels were integrated into
the facade s well.
The SolarWall® system was
designed with a 53-degree tilt
3.1.2 KALWALL from the roof on the building's
south façade by Diamond +
Schmitt.
Kalwall is a structural sandwich panel with prismatic glass fibers
embedded in the face sheets. The glass prisms refract sunlight to
create a diffuse, glare-free wash of light.
The angle was chosen for maximum system performance (to match the
azimuth of the sun during the winter months) as well as to contrast with the
Kalwall reduces heating and cooling
wall-façade below. The grey SolarWall® system will provide heated
loads by controlling solar heat gain to
ventilation air for the 174,000 ft2 laboratories and spans 7,590 ft2 (705
deliver significant energy savings while
m2).The SolarWall system-generated LEED points under EAC2 for on-site
creating more balanced and comfortable
renewable energy and contributed to overall performance for EAC1. The
spaces
SolarWall® provides a greater portion of the usable heating load than
originally thought based on simulated testing using RETScreen and SWIFT
This is because the ventilation load is so large and runs at full [mode] during
Features the day and at half during evenings and weekends.
Glare-free, balanced daylighting

WINDOWS
Superior thermal performance
Energy and electricity saving The windows used on this facade are triple glazed in order to keep the
Low maintenance life cycle requirements interior at comfortable temperatures during colder seasons.

3.1.4 WESTERN FACADE KALWALL SYSTEM
Kalwall is low-maintenance and cost-effective because it doesn't need
1. Shading screens. much attention for the next two decades. To protect the external face
sheet, Kalwall does not use sacrificial coatings, films, or "gel coats"
SHADING
WINDOWS SCREENS (which would need to be periodically renewed).
Kalwall’s UV stability is built in to the full thickness of the outer sheet, so
The wire mesh shading
that unsightly yellowing and loss of light transmission is prevented.
screens are seen on
the left side facade in WIRE MESH SHADING SCREEN
the image. The facade
contains wire mesh Decide on a cleaning product
shading screens that Certain commercial solutions will work for most metals. Make sure you use
are mounted as a them in accordance with any available manufacturer instructions so they
protective barrier from don’t result in damage to your mesh.
sunlight and heat. Clean your wire mesh properly
The first thing to know is that cleaning a screen while it is attached to a
Features structure is not safe. Clean your mesh in the horizontal position whenever
Thermal Comfort possible. You’ll need to know the coarseness of your mesh before making a
Solar protection systems reflect thermal radiation before it reaches the decision about how to complete the maintenance
actual building shell. To efficiently screen insulating glass surfaces, Perform regular cleaning and maintenance
systems of this type have to be installed outside the glazing You need a thorough understanding of the environment and conditions that
Use of Solar Heat Gains During the Heating Period your wire mesh is exposed to before you can decide on the right
So that available solar heat energy can be used efficiently, solar maintenance and cleaning schedule.
protection should be deactivated during the heating period. However,
some form of screening may still be necessary to prevent glare 3.1.6 USER EXPERIENCE
Glare Protection
Reduces glare on the interior work spaces The facade allows sufficient daylight to enter the building during the hot
and cold seasons.
3.1.5 MAINTENANCE OF THE FACADE Reduce the intensity of the afternoon sun during the summer by using
shading screens on the west facade. The materials used also reduces
1. Kalwall System glare cast on the users inside the building thus keeping a pleasant
2. Wiremesh shading screens environment inside the building

DESIGN STRATEGIES
VERTICAL GREEN WALL KALWALL SYSTEM
BCA academy uses the green wall to Kalwall reduces heating and cooling
not only facilitate in reduction of heat loads by controlling solar heat gain to
transfer but also implements factors deliver significant energy savings while
such as thermoreceptors to monitor creating more balanced and
the other systems integrated in comfortable spaces
ensuring internal thermal comfort.
intregal for hot-humid climates.
GLAZING SHADING SCREENS
Windows have significant The wire mesh shading screens are

factors in reducing energy seen on the left side facade in the
usage. Integration of double image. The facade contains wire
glazing and low-e, helps reduce mesh shading screens that are
internal heating, which helps mounted as a protective barrier from
conserve energy but reducing the harsh sunlight during the warmer
energy used in cooling. seasons.
ENERGY SAVINGS
The SolarWall® provides a greater portion of the

Use of both photovoltaics and glazing to both generate
usable heating load
and reduce energy consumption

4.0 NATURAL VENTILATION BCA ACADEMY
4.0.1
4.1 WIND PATH LOCATION
The most prevailing winds in Source (Liu &

Stouffs, 2017)
Singapore come from the
northeast and the south, reflecting
the dominance of the monsoons in
Singapore. During the Northeast
Monsoon (December to March),
wind directions are primarily
northerly to northeasterly, and Annual Wind Rose Chart
during the Southwest Monsoon
(April to June), wind directions are
primarily southerly to
southeasterly (June to
September). During the Northeast First Floor Second Floor Third Floor
Monsoon, the wind is stronger.
Air circulation
The stack ventilation through the solar chimneys is located in the
school hall and classrooms
4.0.2 SOLAR CHIMNEY
Most ventilation systems at the BCA building
are energy efficient active and ACMV systems
except for the passive solar chimneys that
cool the building with natural ventilation. Four School Hall
level 3
solar chimneys are found on top of the roof up
high in a non-air-conditioned room of the Classrooms
building. The solar-assisted stack ventilation level 2
system's core principle is to use heat extracted Classrooms
The solar chimneys are found at level 1
from solar panels to induce ventilation in some
the northern side of the building
Section
areas of the building. in the middle of the roof

HOW IT WORKS & ITS MATERIALITY USER EXPERIENCE
Warm air escapes

from solar chimney
The occupants' thermal comfort was
Sun rays
determined by the expected temperature,
which ranged from "much too warm" to
"comfortably warm." Solar chimneys will
Negative pressure need to be higher to increase thermal
causes cool air to
enter comfort more, but this is not feasible in
Ducts the case of the BCA academy building.
When the solar panels are in use, heat builds up under them. Heat trapped in 4.0.3 SINGLE COIL TWIN FAN SYSTEM
the 300mm gap between the solar panels and the metal roof creates a
buoyancy effect, which is the basis for natural ventilation in the school hall The SCTF system is an active innovative air-
and classrooms. Ducts are located on the eastern and western facade of the conditioning and air distribution system that
building. They build air channels that link the school hall to some naturally provides improved thermal comfort, air
ventilated spaces. Warm air rises due to buoyancy and flows up the duct as quality, and humidity control. It is patented
heat builds up in these spaces or when the duct is heated by the sun. This air by the National University of Singapore
is guided to the school hall, where it will eventually escape through the solar
chimneys.
LOCATION
The chimneys are made of metal that absorbs solar radiation well, and the
ducts are made of dark-colored metal to further enhance the building's stack
effect.
MAINTENANCE
Solar chimneys need very little maintenance.

Every once in a while the vendors come to check
its workability through calculations. First Floor Second Floor Third Floor
Dark colored metal The SCTF system supplies air to specific areas at all three levels of
increases solar gain
the building
HOW IT WORKS & ITS MATERIALITY LOCATION & MATERIALITY USER EXPERIENCE
It is located on the The air quality in the

third floor at the immediate breathing zone of
experimental office the users is improved
on each worker's because this device provides
desk. It is made up 100% cold fresh air. Without
of metal and white affecting their comfort, the
Traditional air-conditioning system Single Coil Twin Fan system
colored plastic with surrounding air conditioning
a transparent plastic can be turned down. As a
Unlike a traditional cooling system, in which both fresh and recirculated connecting tube result, the energy required to
air are cooled and dispensed into the same space, this SCTF system which carries the air achieve the same cooling
saves energy by cooling fresh and recirculated air separately and supply. effect is reduced.
Third Floor
providing ventilation on demand. It is made mostly made up of metal.
4.0.5 DISPLACEMENT VENTILATION & UNDERFLOOR
MAINTENANCE
COOLING SYSTEM
The SCTF system needs to be serviced minimum
The displacement ventilation active system supplies
annually. A professional worker will clean the filters,
air from the floor at low velocity. As the air in the
coils, and drains of the system and make sure the air
occupied zones becomes heated, it will rise upwards
supply is running well.
due to natural convection. This process displaces
USER EXPERIENCE the warmer air in the room which is displaced and
extracted from the room at the ceiling level.
The SCTF system provides a great deal of user comfort Underfloor cooling also supplies air from the floor
along with being very energy effiecient however, it supplies air at a slightly higher velocity Plenum
LOCATION USER EXPERIENCE

4.0.4 PERSONALISED VENTILATION
They are located on
SYSTEM the 3rd floor at the
The velocity at which
air is supplied is
Each occupant's worktable has a collection of office areas. In
carefully measured.
individualized active ventilators that allow for these systems cool
Thus, the comfort
individual air volume adjustment. This ventilation air passes through
level of occupants is
system uses pipes connected to a desk to provide plenum supplied via
reached
fresh air to each occupant. Third Floor SCTF system.
4.1 NATURAL VENTILATION CANMET MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY
4.1.1 INTRODUCTION 4.1.2 CROSS AND STACK VENTILATION

The predominant average hourly wind direction in Hamilton is
In summer, CANMET Materials
most often from the west-northwest throughout the year.
Technology Laboratory make use of
the wind to supply as much fresh air
The windier part of the year lasts for 5.8 months, from October
as possible.
26 to April 20, with average wind speeds of more than 18 km
per hour. The windiest day of the year is January 12, with an Cross Ventilation Operable windows are opened to
average hourly wind speed of 22 km per hour.
allow cross ventilation to happen
where summer air can flow inside
The calmer time of year lasts for 6.2 months, from April 20 to
and ventilate the whole building.
October 26. The calmest day of the year is August 4, with an
average hourly wind speed of 13 km per hour.
Openings are constructed in the
building high at a substantial height,
windrose chart source:
Stack Ventilation allowing the warm air to escape. The
meteoblue.com
negative pressure at the top of the
LOCATION OF OPERABLE WINDOWS building draws in colder, denser
outside air through openings low in
the building.
A wire mesh facade is

installed specifically
in the west side of the South Elevation West Elevation
building to decrease
the strong wind speed
before entering the
space.

4.1.3 GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS (GHPs) OR GEO-EXCHANGE SYSTEM
HOW DOES IT WORK?
The ground source heat pumps

take energy from the ground. It
essentially extract heat,
concentrate it and pump it into the
building through the hydronic
geo-exchange field/radiant cooling system radiant system. LOCATION
Under the new campus plaza that is located directly north
In the summer, this system work in of CANMET, there is a 152 m deep, 80 well geo-exchange
reverse. It take the warm air inside field that provides low grade heat in winter and cooling in
the building, compress it and summer for CANMET and the emerging campus
transfer it back out to the ground. buildings.
Stack Ventilation
geo-exchange field/radiant heating system 4.1.4 HYDRONIC RADIANT HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEM
HOW DOES IT WORK? LOCATION USER EXPERIENCE
In a radiant heating system, heated fluid is distributed from the In a heated floor, the
geo-exchange system through piping that is embedded in the warm surface radiates
ceiling slabs of the building. The piping then conducts heat to heat to everything in
the exposed surface, which acts like a large, gentle radiator. line-of-sight of the
Both heating and cooling systems can circulate chilled fluid Exposed concrete ceilings contain radiant heating and cooling piping. floor, warming the
through the same network of embedded tubing. Suspended ceilings are objects and people in
selectively used. Suspended the room, while also
ceilings are secondary ceilings allowing warm air to
suspended from the structural gently rise from the
floor slab above, creating a floor. The resulting
void between the underside of comfort is unmatched
the floor slab and the top of with other forms of
the suspended ceiling. radiant panel configuration
heat delivery.

DESIGN STRATEGIES
SINGLE COIL TWIN FAN Operable windows and high openings are the key
SOLAR CHIMNEY CROSS AND STACK VENTILATION
SYSTEM (SCTF) to cross & stack ventilation in this building
Warm air escapes

from solar chimney Sun rays
Negative
pressure
causes
Ducts In summer, the building make use of the wind to supply as much fresh air as possible while in
cool air to
SCTF system saves energy by winter they use a solar wall to preheat the air before entering the space inside the building.
enter
cooling fresh and recirculated air
Stack ventilation through the GEO-EXCHANGE SYSTEM & HYDRONIC RADIANT HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEM
separately
solar chimneys
It essentially extract heat
PERSONALISED DISPLACEMENT VENTILATION & from the ground,
concentrate it and pump
VENTILATION UNDERFLOOR COOLING SYSTEM it into the building
through the hydronic Exposed concrete ceilings contain
100% cold radiant heating and cooling piping.
radiant system.
fresh air that geo-exchange field/radiant cooling system
each user is
able to adjust
according to
his/her own
Cool fresh air is supplied from floor. As it heats
needs geo-exchange field/radiant heating system radiant panel configuration
up, it rises and is extracted at the ceiling level
ENERGY SAVINGS
Comparison of amount of cooling in KW between conventional cooling & energy efficient active systems at BCA
ENERGY 125,000
CONSUMPTION
Experimental Office
100%
100,000
Library Office 2
(ekWh) 75,000
Conventional Cooling 4100 KW 5900 KW
14100 KW
50,000
SCTF 12100 KW 3900 KW (with displacement) 4000 KW
(with personalised & Fresh Air Ventilation
underfloor cooling) Proposed Design
25,000 Utilizing a displacement ventilation
Measured strategy, air is delivered through
Conclusion : Using SCTF system along with displacement, underfloor cooling, & personalised systems can greatly reduce the energy usage 0 access floors or low-level diffusers.
Space Cooling Pump & Fans

dont forget to caps this too

5.1 STRATEGY LANDSCAPING CANMET MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY
5.1.1 INTRODUCTION 5.1.2 SPATIAL QUALITY

Landscape means the natural and physical attributes of land The green filters the air surrounding the
together with air and water which change over time and which building, the experience is enhanced by
is made known by people’s evolving perceptions and the air quality, resulting with better
associations [such as beliefs, uses, values and relationships] comfort.
The green spaces are placed strategically

on open spaces to serve as effective heat
shield, acoustics as well as to reduce
glare. The local vegetation shades heat
Biophysical Sensory or Associative meanings
absorbing surfaces and effectively lowers
elements, perceptual and values including
wall surface
patterns and qualities spiritual, cultural or
processes; social associations
3 THE NORTH LANDSCAPE
5.1.3 ZONING
Deciduous bushes:
1 ENTRY Deciduous bushes are located
nearer to the building to keep
Porous pavement to reduce
out solar radiation in summer
2 3 stormwater runoff and storing it in
time and allowing sun warm the
the facility while allowing water to
interior when it loses its leaves
infiltrate into the soil below. This
during winter times.
process can cool down temperature
1 during summer and reduce the need
of applying road salt during winter.
Air trapped in the pavement can
store heat and release to the surface
to melt snow or ice

2 RAIN GARDEN TYPES OF PLANT USED: LAWN Evergreen trees:
It provide shades protection
Sallow Sedge against blazing daylight which
Used for wetland restoration and cool down the environment, it
soil retention in drainage areas. also protect from harsh winter
winds and can act as an air
pollution barrier to provide a
Steeplebush
quiet environment to the
Easy to grow plants with deep
surrounding laboratory blocks.
roots formation that are suitable
to hold the plant bed.
Mistflower
Rain Garden System Require low maintenance to
grow and appearance would
Located at the south of the laboratory, the rain garden
attract wildlife to inhabit
providing drainage for the surrounding where it allows the
landscape to collect rainwater runoff from the roof and
excess water from snowmelt. The process helps remove TYPES OF PLANT USED: SHURB MIX ORNAMENTAL GRASS
pollutants and slow down runoff. It is planted with grasses
and flowering perennials which alternatively serve as Swamp Milkweed Switchgrass
habitats for wildlife. Used for wetland rehabilitation Valuable soil protection
which prefers moisture which binds loose soils
Infiltration
Lawn
Ornamental Grass retentive to damp soils. and provide valuable
Shurb mix wildlife habitat.
Plant on south garden cleanse Black Chokeberry
Prairie Sedge
and filter stormwater to Particularly grow well at
Provides erosion control
promote reuse of water well-drained soils and deep
and require low
systems. Species selected for roots for filtration.
rain garden and infiltration
maintenance.
planter able to tolerate
Cardinal Flower Tufted Hairgrass
moisture. Stormwater Suitable to grow at moist Good at restoring moist
constructed under the beds of soil and have deep roots at different seasons
planters to allow infiltration which creates channels ands suitable for bio-
flow through planters where water can infiltrate. filtration.

DESIGN STRATEGIES
Spatial Arrangments SPATIAL QUALITY 2 RAIN GARDEN

1 Plan of the building
The structure of this building is placed at The green filters the air
surrounding the
Rain gardens
the west side of the entire compound
thus this making this structure in particular building, the experience providing
more vulnerable to sunlight in the hot is enhanced by the air drainage for the
afternoon because singapore is a tropical quality, resulting with surrounding.
country. better comfort. Rain Garden System
1 ENTRY 3 THE NORTH LANDSCAPE
The Green wall and
Porous pavement to
2 Green roof reduce stormwater
The Green wall as well as the Roof runoff .This process can Deciduous Bushes
garden helps with the amount of heat cool down the
transmitted into the building as well. temperature during
summer and reduce the Evergreen Trees
need of applying road
TYPES OF PLANT salt during winter.
TYPES OF PLANT
Guzmania insignia
LAWN SHURB MIX ORNAMENTAL GRASS
Pilea Nummulariifolia
Sallow Sedge Swamp Milkweed Switchgrass
Cryptanthus Bivittatus
Alternanthera Brasilina
Steeplebush Black Chokeberry Prairie Sedge
Ranunculus Macrophyllus
Samanea Saman Mistflower Cardinal Flower Tufted Hairgrass

Nardus Stricta

6.0 CONCLUSION
Singapore's climate is characterised by uniform temperature and pressure, high humidity, and abundant rainfall due to its geographic location and
maritime exposure. The temperature ranges from 25 to 31 degrees Celsius on average. Thunderstorms strike 40 percent of the time. On another note,
Hamilton's climate is characterized by uniform temperature and pressure, high humidity, and abundant rainfall due to its geographic location and
maritime exposure. The temperature ranges from 25 to 31 degrees Celsius on average. Thunderstorms strike 40 percent of the time. Building
orientation of BCA Academy is orientated to receive maximum amount of solar gains as building is powered by solar energy while, CANMET Building
orientated to prevent thermal gains during summer season and prevent excessive sunlight.
The sun analysis shows where the BCA Academy building in tropical climate, the east and west orientation receives the most solar exposure and
most potential for heat gains whereas in CANMET the east orientation gains fair amount of solar exposure through sunrise till noon and the west
orientation gains receives intense amount of solar exposure from noon till sunset. In spite of different climate, there are a few similarities on the use
of design strategies for daylighting for both buildings. Triple glazed windows and solar shading devices are used in both buildings. However, BCA
Academy uses mirror ducts and light shelves on the facade of the buildings. BCA Academy uses light pipes to bring in sufficient daylight in to the
building, whereas, CANMET building uses clerestory. CANMET building have rooftop solar thermal installed. Furthermore, both building uses daylight
occupancy sensors in the building offices. The natural daylight contributes to visual comfort satisfaction and well-being.
The facade for both buildings aims to increase passive ways of keeping the internal atmosphere at a comfortable level. BCA Academy building
implements ways to keep the heat out of the building whereas CANMET Laboratory has to effectively combat the cold and warm climate of the
temperate region it is based in.
Despite being in different climates, the natural ventilation design strategies adopted by BCA Academy and CANMET Materials Technology
Laboratory are very similar. The stack effect ventilation is one of the commonalities. When warm air travels upward in a building, it is referred to as
the "stack effect." The stack effect is used in BCA Academy's solar chimney system. Metal solar chimneys are built specifically for the tropical
climate to absorb solar radiation which enhances the stack effect. For CANMET Laboratory, this passive ventilation happens in summer and winter
but is most pronounced in the winter because indoor-outdoor temperature differences are the greatest. This passive strategy has proven to save
energy and provide comfort in both buildings.
The strategic landscaping for the BCA building focus more on the placement of the trees around the building helps with the afternoon light
because of how the building is placed at the west side of the entire compound. Other than that, it also has a green wall and green roof to help with the
amount of heat transmitted into the building because the building is in a tropical country which doesn't deal with the four seasons.By implementing
the greens to the site it reduces energy consumption because in tropical countries building uses 40%-50% of their energy on air conditioning. As for
the Canmet building, Canmet focus on biophilic integration such as soil inflitration and rainwater harvesting. It uses soft landscape to recreate the
relationship by having 50-72% direct view to the green.

7.0 REFERENCES
BCA ACADEMY
BCA Academy: Zero Energy Building. (2018). Retrieved 20 May 2021, from https://www.iesve.com/consulting/projects/2580/bca-academy-zeb
BCA Case Study. (2020, October 23). NZEB. https://nzeb.in/case-studies/south-asia-case-studies/south-asia-list/bca-case-study/ Retrieved 12 May 2021
Building Planning Massing. (2010). https://www.bca.gov.sg/GreenMark/others/bldgplanningmassing.pdf Retrieved 18 May 2021
Climate of Singapore |. (2021). Retrieved 20 May 2021, from http://www.weather.gov.sg/climate-climate-of-
singapore/#:~:text=Wind%20directions%20are%20mainly%20from,greater%20during%20the%20Northeast%20Monsoon.
Kim, S. (2017, January 9). A Study on the Effectiveness of the Horizontal Shading Device Installation for Passive Control of Buildings in South Korea. Hindawi. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijps/2017/3025092/
Retrieved 13 May
Liu, Y., & Stouffs, R. (2017). FAMILIAR AND UNFAMILIAR DATA SETS INSUSTAINABLE URBAN PLANNING. Retrieved 17 May 2021, from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317617810_FAMILIAR_AND_UNFAMILIAR_DATA_SETS_IN_SUSTAINABLE_URBAN_PLANNING/figures (2021). Retrieved 20 May 2021, from
https://www.bca.gov.sg/bcagallery/ (2021).
Retrieved 17 May 2021, from https://www.bca.gov.sg/zeb/files/BCA-ZEB-Brochure-eng.pdf
Seng, A., Neng, J., Tingting, C., & Das, J. (2014). Leading the Way to Net Zero. Retrieved 10 May 2021, from https://www.passivehousecanada.com/downloads/Leading-the-Way-to-Net-Zero-2009-2014-Inside-SE-Asias-
First-Retrofitted-Building.pdf
Solaripedia | Green Architecture & Building | Projects in Green Architecture & Building. (2011). Copyright (c) Solaripedia 2008–2021.
http://www.solaripedia.com/13/388/5463/singapore_zero_energy_building_illustration.html Retrieved 13 May 2021
Sun Control and Shading Devices | WBDG - Whole Building Design Guide. (2021). Whole Building Design Guide. https://www.wbdg.org/resources/sun-control-and-shading-devices Retrieved from 5 May 2021
Sun, X., Gou, Z., & Siu-Yu Lau, S. (2018). Cost-effectiveness of active and passive design strategies for existing building retrofits in tropical climate: Case study of a zero energy building. Retrieved 5 May 2021, from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652618304499#fig3
Office Of The Future. (2012). Retrieved 20 May 2021, from https://www.bca.gov.sg/zeb/officeoffuture.html
ZEB @ BCA Academy: Singapore's First Zero Net Energy Building. (2016). Retrieved 20 May 2021, from https://www.facilitiesnet.com/green/article/ZEB-BCA-Academy-Singapores-First-Zero-Net-Energy-Building--16787
Zero Energy Building. (2010). Zero Energy Building. https://www.bca.gov.sg/zeb/daylightsystems.html Retrieved from 7 May 2021
Zero Energy Building. (2020). Retrieved 20 May 2021, from https://www1.bca.gov.sg/buildsg/sustainability/zero-energy-building
Zero Energy Building at BCA Academy. (2009). Retrieved 19 May 2021, from https://architizer.com/projects/zero-energy-building-at-bca-academy/
CANMET MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY

Aztiaran, F. (2017, January 24). CASE STUDY: CANMET MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY. Retrieved April 27, 2021, from https://livemakedotblog.wordpress.com/2017/01/24/canmet-materials-technology-
laboratory-case-study/
Canada, N. R. (2019, June 10). Government of Canada. Retrieved from https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/mining-materials/materials-technology/17541
CANMET Materials Technology Laboratory. (2015, April 28). Retrieved from https://www.architectmagazine.com/awards/canmet-materials-technology-laboratory_o.aspx
CANMET Materials Technology Laboratory (n.d.). American Institute of Architects. Retrieved April 27, 2021, from https://www.aiatopten.org/node/432
CANMET Materials Technology Laboratory / Diamond Schmitt Architects (2012, January 4). ArchDaily. Retrieved April 27, 2021, from https://www.archdaily.com/196785/canmet-material-technology-laboratory-
diamond-schmitt-architects
GEOEXCHANGE: How It Works (n.d). GeoExchange Australia. Retrieved April 27, 2021, from https://www.geoexchange.com.au/technology/how-it-works/
Lovekin, D. (2010, July 29). Geoexchange explained: how to efficiently heat and cool buildings using free energy. Retrieved April 28, 2021, from https://www.pembina.org/blog/geoexchange-explained-how-to-efficiently-
heat-and-cool-buildings-using-free-energy
RADIANT HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS (n.d.). Plastics Pipe Institute. Retrieved April 28, 2021, from https://plasticpipe.org/building-construction/bcd-radiant-systems.html
Wind rose Hamilton. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/archive/windrose/hamilton_canada_5969782

7.0 REFERENCES
GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN | TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

Assignment1 Group10 Report 1 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Assignment1 Group10 Report 1 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Assignment1 Group10 Report 1 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PASSIVE

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN [ARC61804]

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN | TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY 02

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN | TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY 03

From March to September, the afternoon sun is actually in the north-west

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN | TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY 04

INTRODUCTION SITE PLAN

The CANMET Material Technology Laboratory, which is striving CANMET's site

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN | TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY 05

CLIMATE & ORIENTATION SPACE PLANNING

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN | TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY 05

SUN PATH SUN PATH

WIND ANALYSIS WIND ANALYSIS

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN | TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY 07

2.0.1 SOLAR ANAYLSIS 2.0.2 INTRODUCTION

2.0.3 LOCATION OF WINDOW OPENINGS

WESTERN FACADE EASTERN FACADE LIGHT PIPES

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN | TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY 08

Mirror ducts capture zenith daylight (which

Light Pipes; BCA includes

exterior ducts to bring HOW DOES IT WORK? redirected by

reflects sunlight directly

It is more energy efficient Section diagram of Light Pipes

In addition to providing shade, the sunshades surfaces exposed to

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN | TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY 10

2.1.1 INTRODUCTION 2.1.3 SOLAR ANALYSIS

TRIPLE GLAZED 6:35 PM

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN | TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY 11

2.1.5 CLERESTORIES 2.1.6 SOLAR SHADES

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN | TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY 12

2.1.8 DAYLIGHT OCCUPANCY SENSOR

HOW DOES IT WORK? ADVANTAGES OF OCCUPANCY SENSORS

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN | TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY 13

MIRROR DUCTS LIGHT PIPES

pipe that sticks Internal Pane: Planitherm Total

LIGHT SHELVES SHADING DEVICE LIGHT FIXTURES

CLERESTORY ROOFTOP SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTORS

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN | TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY 14

3.0.1 INTRODUCTION 3.0.2 WESTERN FACADE

the vertical greenery, on the external

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN | TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY 15

3.0.4 MAINTAINACE OF THE FACADE

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN | TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY 16

3.1.1 INTRODUCTION 3.1.3 SOUTHERN FACADE

Glare-free, balanced daylighting

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN | TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY 17

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN | TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY 18

VERTICAL GREEN WALL KALWALL SYSTEM

GLAZING SHADING SCREENS

Windows have significant The wire mesh shading screens are

The SolarWall® provides a greater portion of the

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN | TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY 19

The most prevailing winds in Source (Liu &

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN | TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY 20

Warm air escapes

Solar chimneys need very little maintenance.

It is located on the The air quality in the

LOCATION USER EXPERIENCE

4.1.1 INTRODUCTION 4.1.2 CROSS AND STACK VENTILATION