4.5 Transmission and Distribution of Electrical Power

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4.5 TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICAL POWER
L T P
6 1 -
RATIONALE
The majority of the diploma passouts who get employment in State Electricity Boards have to
perform various activities in the field of transmission and distribution of electrical power. The
range of these activities vary from simple operation and maintenance of equipment, lines, fault
location, planning and designing of simple distribution schemes, executive and supervisory
control in transmission and distribution networks in addition to administrative jobs including
public relations. They should also be made aware of recent developments, current practices in
the electricity departments, corporations and boards to keep them abreast with modern
techniques in transmission and distribution of electrical power.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After undergoing the subject, students will be able to:
• Select suitable supporting structure, insulators, conductors and other accessories for
transmission lines and distribution lines
• Prepare layout plan for HT and LT lines/distribution system
• Prepare estimate for HT and LT (OH and underground cables) lines
• Operate and maintain indoor and outdoor substations
• Use various methods for improvement of power factor
• Assess the revenue and energy loss in power distribution
DETAILED CONTENTS
1. Transmission Systems (28 Periods)
1.1 Layout of transmission system, selection of voltage for H.T and L.T lines,
advantages of high voltage for Transmission both AC and DC
1.2 Comparison of different system: AC versus DC for power transmission,
conductor material and sizes from standard tables
1.3 Constructional features of transmission lines: Types of supports, types of
insulators, Types of conductors, Selection of insulators, conductors, earth wire
and their accessories, Transposition of conductors and string efficiency of
suspension type insulators, Bundle Conductors.
1.4 Mechanical features of line: Importance of sag, calculation of sag, effects of
wind and ice related problems; Indian electricity rules pertaining to clearance
1.5 Electrical features of line: Calculation of resistance, inductance and capacitance
without derivation in a.c. transmission line, voltage regulation, and concept of
corona. Effects of corona and remedial measures
1.6 Transmission Losses

1.7 Economic Principle of Transmission
Kelvin’s law, limitation of Kelvin’s law modification in Kelvin’s law
CORRECTED AND APPROVED BY BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,U.P,LUCKNOW IN
MEETING HELD ON 10.07.2019 @RASHMI SONKAR
121
2. Distribution System (21 Periods)
2.1 Lay out of HT and LT distribution system, constructional feature of distribution

lines and their erection. LT feeders and service mains; Simple problems on AC
radial distribution system, determination of size of conductor
2.2 Preparation of estimates of HT and LT lines (OH and Cables).
2.3 Constructional features of LT (400 V), HT (II kV) underground cables,
advantages and disadvantages of underground system with respect to overhead
system.
2.4 Losses in distribution system
2.5 Faults in underground cables-determine fault location by Blavier Test, Murray
Loop Test, Varley Loop Test
3. Substations: (21 Periods)
3.1 Brief idea about substations; out door grid sub-station 220/132 KV, 66/33 KV
outdoor substations, pole mounted substations and indoor substation
3.2 Layout of 33/11 KV & 220/33KV distribution substation and various auxiliaries
and equipment associated with it.
4. Power Factor: (14 Periods)
4.1 Concept of power factor

4.2 Reasons and disadvantages of low power factor
4.3 Methods for improvement of power factor using capacitor banks, Static VAR
Compensator (SVC)
5. Revenue and Energy loss (14

Periods)
Technical losses and Commercial losses, Input energy calculation, Sales calculation,
Billing efficiency, Collection efficiency, Total energy billed (KWH), Percent
aggregated technical and commercial losses.
Note: Students should visit power generation plants, sub-stations etc.
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY
Since this is a descriptive and practice oriented subject, it is suggested that visits to different
types of power generating stations and substations including grid stations be arranged and
various equipment, accessories and components explained to the students before the actual
class room teaching and make them familiar with the equipment and accessories installed over
there. There should be at least 3 visits during the semester. The students may be asked to
prepare notes while on visit and submit the report and give seminar. In addition, viva-voce be
conducted to evaluate the knowledge gained during the field visit.
MEANS OF ASSESSMENT
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- Assignments and quiz/class tests, mid-term and end-term written tests, model/prototype making
- Actual laboratory and practical work, model/prototype making, assembly and
disassembly exercises and viva-voce
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Electrical Power System and Analysis by CL Wadhwa, 3rd edition, New Age
International Publishers, New Delhi
2. Substation Design and Equipment by Satnam and PV Gupta, Dhanpat Rai & Sons, New
Delhi
3. Electrical Power –I by SK Sahdev, Uneek Publications, Jalandhar
4. Electrical Power System by VK Mehta, S Chand and Co., New Delhi
5. Electrical Power System by JB Gupta, SK Kataria and Sons, New Delhi
6. Sub-Station Design by Satnam, Dhanpat Rai and Co., New Delhi
7. Electrical Power Distribution System by AS Pabla, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi
8. Electrical Power System by S Channi Singh, Tata McGraw Publishing Co. New Delhi
9. e-books/e-tools/relevant software to be used as recommended by
AICTE/UBTE/NITTTR, Chandigarh
Websites for Reference:
http://swayam.gov.in
SUGGESTED DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS
Topic No. Time Allotted Marks Allocation

(Periods) (%)
1 28 30%
2 21 20%
3 21 20%
4 14 15%
5 14 15%

123
Total 98 100


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120

4.5 TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICAL POWER

After undergoing the subject, students will be able to:

1. Transmission Systems (28 Periods)

1.6 Transmission Losses

2. Distribution System (21 Periods)

2.1 Lay out of HT and LT distribution system, constructional feature of distribution

3. Substations: (21 Periods)

4. Power Factor: (14 Periods)

4.1 Concept of power factor

5. Revenue and Energy loss (14

Note: Students should visit power generation plants, sub-stations etc.

Websites for Reference:

SUGGESTED DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS

Topic No. Time Allotted Marks Allocation

CORRECTED AND APPROVED BY BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,U.P,LUCKNOW IN

CORRECTED AND APPROVED BY BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,U.P,LUCKNOW IN

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