In sociology, the term 

social
phenomena refers
In sociology, to the to
the term social phenomena refers
individual,
the external
individual, external influences
influences that shape our
evolving behaviors and opinions. ... In the case
that
shape our
of behavioral evolving behaviors and
social phenomena, actions such as
opinions.
violent crime or war are ... In the
profoundly
life changing.
case
influential and

of behavioral social
phenomena, actions such as
violent crime or war are profoundly
influential and life changing.
Examples of human social
behavior include:
•shaking hands
In sociology, the term social phenomena refers to
•flirting
the individual, external influences that shape our
•conversation
evolving behaviors and opinions. ... In the case
of behavioral social phenomena, actions such as
•religious rituals
violent crime or war are profoundly influential and
•snubbing or "putting down" another
life changing.
person
•exchanging nonverbal signals (like smiles
or frowns)
•offering reassurance or consolation.
•sharing a meal
 Asociology,
In political behavior
the term social of a persontoor a
phenomena refers
the individual, external influences that shape our
group may be influenced
evolving behaviors and bycase
opinions. ... In the their
political
of behavioralviews, ideologies,
social phenomena, andsuch
actions levels
as of
violent crime or war are profoundly influential and
political participation.
life changing.An example of an
act of political behavior is the “act of
voting”.
In sociology, the term social phenomena refers to
Athepolitical phenomena
individual, external influences thatare not
shape our only
limited to public offices
evolving behaviors and asIn these
opinions. ... the case also
of behavioral social phenomena, actions such as
include
violent crimehow
or warinstitutions like schools,
are profoundly influential and
churches, orlifecompanies
changing. are ran and
governed.
Examples of political behavior and
In sociology, the term social phenomena refers to
phenomena includes:
the individual, external influences that shape our
• Elections
evolving behaviors and opinions. ... In the case
• Political
of behavioral Dynasty
social phenomena, actions such as
violent crime
• Political or war are profoundly influential and
Candidate Endorsement by a
life changing.
Celebrity
 A cultural phenomenon, also known
as the bandwagon effect, occurs when
certain individuals behave a certain way
In sociology, the term social phenomena refers to
merely because
the individual, other
external individuals
influences that shape ourdo as
evolving behaviors and opinions. ... In the case
well. A cultural phenomenon also
of behavioral social phenomena, actions such as
occurs when
violent crime or warsomething
are profoundly or someone
influential and
life changing.
gains widespread popularity. This
includes everything from films to
musical artists to clothing styles.

Ex. Vice Ganda for his popularity as the

NORMS
Norms are often in the form
In sociology, the term social phenomena refers to
of rules,
standards, or prescriptions
the individual, external that
influences that shape our are
evolving behaviors and opinions. ... In the case
strictly followed
of behavioral by people
social phenomena, who
actions suchadhere
as
on certain
violent crime orconventions and perform
war are profoundly influential
life changing.
and

specific roles. Often, norms indicate a

society’s standards of propriety,
morality, ethics and legality.
NORM
S
 SOCIAL NORMS
There are four types of social
In sociology, the term social phenomena refers to
norms
that can help
the individual, externalinform
influencespeople about
that shape our
evolving behaviors and opinions. ... In the case
behavior that
of behavioral is phenomena,
social considered acceptable:
actions such as
folkways,
violent crime or mores, taboos,
war are profoundly
life changing.
and
influential andlaw.

Further, social norms can vary across

time, cultures, place, and even sub-
group.
NORM
S
 FOLKWAYS/NORM OF 
CONVENTIONALITY
• Folkways are behaviors that are learned and
In sociology, the term social phenomena refers to
shared by a social
the individual, group
external that that
influences we shape
oftenourrefer to as
“customs” in a group that
evolving behaviors and are ...not
opinions. morally
In the case
of behavioral social phenomena, actions such associal
significant, but they can be important for
violent crime or war are profoundly influential and
acceptance. Each lifegroup can develop different
changing.
customs, but there can be customs that
embraced at a larger, societal level.

• are beliefs and practices that are acceptable to

certain cultures but can be inimical to other
SOCIAL
cultures.
NORMS
 Folkway Example 1
Bagobo inhabitants of Davao bury their dead
In sociology,
within theneighborhood
their term social phenomena refers
and the T’boli to of
the individual, external influences that shape our
South Cotabato hangsopinions.
evolving behaviors and corpses ... of dead
In the caseinfants
onof behavioral
trees. While social phenomena,
traditional actions
burial such as like
practices
violent crime or war are profoundly influential and
these, preserveslifeindigenous
changing. culture, they are
not approved y other societies, especially
lowland communities that value sanitation and
fear the spread of virulent diseases.
SOCIAL
NORMS
 Folkway Example 2

In sociology, the term social phenomena refers to

Muslim believers
the individual, are
external prohibited
influences to eat
that shape our pork;
evolving behaviors and opinions. ... In the case
Hindus are not allowed to eat beef;
of behavioral social phenomena, actions such as
Jewish
practitioners areare
violent crime or war only allowed
profoundly kosher
influential andfood.
life changing.

SOCIAL
NORMS
MORES/DECENCY/NORMS OF
APPROPRIATENESS
Mores are
In sociology, thenorms of morality,
term social or right
phenomena refers to and
thewrong, and
individual, if you
external break that
influences oneshape
it is our
often
evolving behaviors and
considered offensive opinions. ... In people
to most the case of a
of behavioral social phenomena, actions such as
culture. Sometimes
violent a more
crime or war are profoundly violation
influential and can
also be illegal, life butchanging.
other times it can just be
offensive. If a more is not written down in
legislation, it cannot get sanctioned by the
criminal justice system. Other times it can
be both illegal and morally wrong.
SOCIAL
NORMS
 More Example
If one attended a funeral for a family member, no one
would expect to see someone in bright pink clothes or
aInbikini.
sociology,
Mostthe term social
people phenomena refers
are encouraged to wear to black
the individual, external influences that shape our
clothing out of respect. Although there may not be
evolving behaviors and opinions. ... In the case
specific rules social
of behavioral or laws that state actions
phenomena, expectedsuchattire
as to
wear to crime
violent a funeral,
or waritare
would be against
profoundly what
influential most of
and
American society views as right and wrong to attend
life changing.
a funeral in a bikini or be in hot pink leotards. It would
be disrespectful to the individual people are
mourning. Both mores and folkways are taught
through socialization with various sources: family,
friends, peers, schools, and more.
SOCIAL
NORMS
 TABOO
A taboo is an activity that is forbidden or
In sociology, the term social phenomena refers to
sacred based external
the individual, on religious
influencesbeliefs
that shapeor ourmorals.
Breaking a taboo is extremely
evolving behaviors and opinions. ... In objectionable
the case
of behavioral social phenomena, actions such as
in society asorawar
violent crime whole. Around
are profoundly the world,
influential and an
act may be taboo in one culture and not in
life changing.

another.

SOCIAL
NORMS
 Taboo Example
• Abortion - terminating a pregnancy
• Illegal drugs - using or abusing illegal drugs
• Polygamy - having
In sociology, the more phenomena refers
term social than one spouse to at the
same time
the individual, external influences that shape our
• Pornography
evolving behaviors and
- showing opinions. ... In the
body parts forcase
sexual
of behavioral social phenomena, actions such as
excitement
violent crime or war are profoundly influential and
• Wearing shoes inside - in some places, shoes
life changing.
are not worn inside a house
• Suicide - the taking of one's own life
• Slavery - humans are treated as property and
made to work for no pay
• Offensive language - obscenity or vulgarity
SOCIAL
NORMS
 What is the difference
between conformity and
In sociology, the term social phenomena refers to
norms?
the individual, external influences that shape our
• Conformity (pagsunod, pakikibagay,
evolving behaviors and opinions. ... In the case
pagsang-ayon) is
of behavioral the actactions
social phenomena, of matching
such as
violent crime or war
attitudes, are profoundly
beliefs, influential and
and behaviors to
life changing.
group norms, politics or being like
minded. Norms (kaugalian, kasanayan,
karaniwan, pamantayan)
 are implicit, specific rules, shared by a group of
individuals, that guide their interactions with
others.
 SOCIAL CONTROL
• Social control is the active or passive
In sociology, the term social phenomena refers to
process
the individual,of a group
external regulating
influences that shape itself
our
according to its beliefs,
evolving behaviors and opinions.principles,
... In the case and
of behavioral social phenomena, actions such as
values.
violent crime A major
or war purpose
are profoundly of social
influential and
control is to life stop or prevent negative
changing.

deviance, which is a break from established

laws and values that may be damaging to
others.
SOCIAL CONTROL
CONFORMITY AND
DEVIANCE
CONFORMITY
In sociology, the term social phenomena refers to
•Every
the society
individual,
hasexternal
a form influences
of socialthat shape a
control, our
set of
means evolving behaviors and
that ensures people opinions.
behave ...in
In expected
the case and
of behavioral social phenomena, actions such as
approved ways (Robertson, 1987; 64).
violent crime or war are profoundly influential and
•All norms, whetherlife codified
changing.or not, are supported by
sanctions: rewards for conformity and punishments for
non-conformity.
•Conformity, therefore, is defined as the state of having
internalized norms as part of the social expectation.

CONFORMITY AND
DEVIANCE
CONFORMITY AND
DEVIANCE
DEVIANCE
In sociology, the term social phenomena refers to
the individual, external influences that shape our
• Deviance is the violation of a culture's
evolving behaviors and opinions. ... In the case
norms and social
of behavioral also phenomena,
when a person commits
actions such as
violent crime or war are profoundly influential and
an act against the norms. An
life changing.
extreme example of deviance is
murder or rape and a
broader example would be if you were
going over the speed limit on the
CONFORMITY AND
DEVIANCE highway.
•As individuals and groups conform to an
In sociology, the term social phenomena refers to
established norm,
the individual, externalthe norm
influences thatthen
shapebecomes
our
a convention. Conventional
evolving behaviors and opinions. ... Innorms
the case exert
of behavioral social phenomena, actions such as
more
violent crimesanctions in society
or war are profoundly as and
influential it is
tantamountlifetochanging.
public approval and
recognition.

CONFORMITY AND
DEVIANCE
• Despite the tendency of social control to
In sociology, the term social phenomena refers to
enforce conformity
the individual, as a potent
external influences that shapemechanism
our
in the socialization process,
evolving behaviors and opinions. ...there are forms
In the case
of behavioral social phenomena, actions such as
of behavior
violent that
crime or war are are relatively
profoundly or
influential and
distinctivelylifeset away from a norm.
changing.

CONFORMITY AND
DEVIANCE
 Deviance is divided into two
types:
In sociology, the term social phenomena refers to
the individual, external influences that shape our

• Formal
evolving behaviors and opinions. ... In the case
of behavioral social phenomena, actions such as
violent crime or war are profoundly influential and
life changing.

• Informal
CONFORMITY AND
DEVIANCE
 FORMAL DEVIANCE
In sociology, the term social phenomena refers to
includes
the individual,actions that
external influences violates
that shape our
evolving behaviors and opinions. ... In the case
enacted laws, such
of behavioral social phenomena, actions such as
as
violent crime or war are profoundly influential and

robbery, theft, graft, rape

life changing.

and other forms of

criminality.
CONFORMITY AND
DEVIANCE
 INFORMAL DEVIANCE
refers
In toterm social
sociology, the violations to social
phenomena refers to
the individual, external influences that shape our
norms that
evolving behaviors and are not
opinions. codified
... In the case
of behavioral social phenomena, actions such as
into law,lifesuch changing.as pricking
violent crime or war are profoundly influential and

one’s nose, belching loudly,

and spitting on the street,
among
CONFORMITY
DEVIANCE
AND others.
 DEVIANCE IS ALSO SEEN AS A FORM
OF POWER STRUGGLE
In sociology, the term social phenomena refers to
In conflict theory,
the individual, externaldeviant behaviors
influences that shape our are
evolving behaviors and
actions that do not opinions. comply ... Inwith
the case
social
of behavioral social phenomena, actions such as
institutions.
violent crime orThe
war areinstitution's ability
profoundly influential and to
change norms, life wealth,
changing.or status comes
into conflict with the individual. The legal
rights of poor folks might be ignored, while
the middle class side with the elites rather
than the poor.
CONFORMITY AND
DEVIANCE
 DEVIANCE IS ALSO SEEN AS A FORM
OF POWER STRUGGLE

In In
most capitalist
sociology, countries,
the term social laws often tend
phenomena refers to
to the individual,
favor the external influences
interests of that shape our and
wealthy
evolving behaviors and opinions. ... In the case
powerful
of behavioralgroups. In the Philippines,
social phenomena, actions such asthe
existence
violent crimeof
or warpolitical dynasties
are profoundly influential andand
monopolies andlife rampantchanging. electioneering
activities during polls are considered as
manifestations of deviancy and a blatant
reflection of the power imbalance and
inequality in Philippine society (Cragun).
CONFORMITY AND
DEVIANCE
 DEVIANCE IS ALSO SEEN AS A FORM
OF POWER STRUGGLE
In sociology, the term social phenomena refers to
Rampant political
the individual, dynastythat
external influences building
shape our is a
tactic of “self-preservation
evolving behaviors and and
opinions. ... Inexpansion,”
the case
a of behavioral social phenomena,
means of preserving actions such
the political as
power
violent crime or war are profoundly influential and
of one’s self andlife family.
changing.

CONFORMITY AND
DEVIANCE