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Mechanical Properties of Polymers PE-301: Atifjavaid@uet - Edu.pk

The document discusses the mechanical properties of polymers. It defines viscoelasticity as the combination of elastic and viscous behavior where viscoelastic materials exhibit both elastic and flow characteristics. Viscoelastic behavior can be modeled using rheological models combining springs and dashpots. The document also discusses linear viscoelastic behavior and how stress is proportional to strain rate similar to Newton's law of viscosity for viscous liquids.

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Mohsin Ali
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45 views

Mechanical Properties of Polymers PE-301: Atifjavaid@uet - Edu.pk

The document discusses the mechanical properties of polymers. It defines viscoelasticity as the combination of elastic and viscous behavior where viscoelastic materials exhibit both elastic and flow characteristics. Viscoelastic behavior can be modeled using rheological models combining springs and dashpots. The document also discusses linear viscoelastic behavior and how stress is proportional to strain rate similar to Newton's law of viscosity for viscous liquids.

Uploaded by

Mohsin Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 13

Mechanical Properties of Polymers


PE-301

Dr Atif Javaid
atifjavaid@uet.edu.pk
Department of Polymer & Process Engineering,
University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore
2nd October, 2018
Outline
 Viscoelasticity
 Linear viscoelastic behaviour
Viscoelasticity
 Viscoelastic behaviour, as the name suggests, is a
combination of elasticity & viscosity.
 It combines the behaviour of two particular types
of ideal material: Elastic solid, and Viscous liquid
 Viscoelastic behaviour can be described by various
Rheological Models consisting of springs (for
elasticity) & dashpots (for viscosity).
 Viscoelastic materials possess both elastic and flow
characteristics.
Elasticity
 Stress is directly proportional to strain (Hooke’s law).
 Elastic solids has a definite shape
 Can be deformed into new equilibrium shape with application of
external forces and therefore stores energy during deformation
 On removal of external forces, it regain its shape again because
of the energy available
Viscosity
 Stress is directly proportional to strain rate (Newton’s law of
viscosity)
 Viscous liquid has no definite shape and can flow irreversibly
under application of external forces. Viscosity is measure of
non-crystalline material’s resistance to deformation.
 For crystallic structures, plastic deformation occurs by
dislocation motions and for non-crystallic structures, plastic
deformations are due to viscous flow.
Viscoelasticity
Load

(Load)
t0 t1 Time
Strain
(Elastic)
Time ε = σ/E
t0 t1
Strain

(Viscous)
t0 t1 Time dε/dt = σ/η
Strain

(Viscoelastic)
Time
t0 t1
Examples of viscoelastic fluids
□ Paint (&) □ Toothpaste
□ Crude oil □ Grease
□ Asphalt □ Foodstuffs
□ Cosmetics □ Ketchup
□ Biological fluids □ Dough
□ Blood □ Salad dressing
□ Protein solutions □ Plastics
□ Pulp and coal slurries □ Polymer melts
□ Rubbers
□ Polymer solutions
Viscoelastic behaviour of polymers

A polymer exhibit intermediate range of properties


from an elastic solid to viscous liquid depending on
the temperature and time;
Bouncing Putty: A silicon product, flows over a
period of time. Fractures like a ductile solid when
deformed rapidly, bounces like a rubber when
dropped
This type of response that combines the liquidish
and solidish features in polymers is termed
viscoelasticity.
Linear viscoelastic behaviour
 According to the Newton’s law of viscosity, stress σ is proportional
to the velocity gradient in the liquid
𝜕𝑉
𝜎=𝜂
Plate A 𝜕𝑦
σxy
When a stress σ acts on the plate, the plate
y Vx moves with respect to the bottom.

𝑑𝑒
σ=𝜂
x 𝑑𝑡
 For the velocity gradient in xy plane,
𝜕𝑉𝑥 𝜕𝑉𝑦
𝜎𝑥𝑦 = 𝜂+
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
 Since 𝑉𝑥=𝜕𝑢/𝜕𝑡 and 𝑉y=𝜕v/𝜕𝑡 with u and v being displacements in x and y
direction;
𝜕 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑒𝑥𝑦
𝜎𝑥𝑦 = 𝜂 + =𝜂
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑡
Summary
 Viscoelasticity
 Linear viscoelastic behaviour

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