Mathematics 9 Third Quarter - Module 3 Parallelograms: Simplified Melc-Based Budget of Lesson January 25-29, 2021

Mathematics 9
Third Quarter – Module 3

PARALLELOGRAMS
SIMPLIFIED MELC-BASED BUDGET OF LESSON
January 25-29, 2021

Performance Standard:
The learner is able to formulate and solve accurately problems involving radicals.
MELCs:
1. Uses properties to find measures of angles, sides and other quantities involving
parallelograms. M9GE-IIIb-1
2. Proves theorems on the different kinds of parallelograms(rectangle, rhombus, square).
M9GE-IIIc-1
Duration: Five hours a week.
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3

 Investigate the properties of  Familiarize the properties  Proves theorems on the
rectangles, rhombuses and and conditions on the different kinds of
squares different kinds of parallelograms
parallelograms
INTRODUCTION
Different parallelograms like rectangles, rhombuses and squares can be seen in many houses
and building designs. Oftentimes, parallelograms are used in these cases since they provide rigid
support.
In this module, we will be digging more about proving theorems on parallelograms.
YES or NO? _____6. Diagonals bisect each other
_____1. All sides are congruent. _____7. Diagonals are perpendicular to each
_____2. Opposite sides are congruent. other
_____3. Opposite sides are parallel _____8. Diagonals bisect opposite angles
_____4. Opposite angles are congruent _____9. Diagonals are congruent
_____5. All angles are right angles
THEOREMS BASED ON THE PROPERTIES OF SPECIAL PARALLELOGRAMS

Theorem 6.1. The diagonals of a rectangle are congruent.
Theorem 6.2. Converse of Theorem 6.1.If the diagonals of a parallelogram are congruent then the
parallelogram is a rectangle.
Theorem 6.3. The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular to each other.
Theorem 6.4. Converse of Theorem 6.3.If the diagonals of a parallelogram are perpendicular to each other,
then the parallelogram is a rhombus.
Theorem 6.5. Each diagonal of a rhombus bisects the opposite angles of the rhombus.
Theorem 6.6. Converse of Theorem 6.5.If one diagonal of a parallelogram bisects two opposite angles of the
parallelogram then the parallelogram is a rhombus.
LL Congruence Theorem. If the legs of one right triangle are congruent to the corresponding legs of another
right triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.
Alternate Interior Angles Theorem. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then alternate interior
angles are congruent.
PROVING THEOREMS ON DIFFERENT KINDS OF PARALLELOGRAMS
Theorem 6.1. The diagonals of a rectangle are congruent.

Given: Rectangle ABCD
´ ≅ DB
Prove: AC ´
Answer:
Proof
Statements Reasons
1. Rectangle ABCD 1. Given
2. Draw diagonals AC
´ and BD
´ 2. Construction and Line Postulate
3. ´ ≅ BC
AB ´ 3. Opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent.
4. ∠DAB and ∠ADC are right angles 4. Definition of rectangle
5. ∠DAB ≅ ∠ADC 5. Any two right angles are congruent.
6. ´ ≅ AD
AD ´ 6. Reflexive Property of Segment Congruence
7. ∆ DAB ≅ ∆ ADC 7. SAS Congruence Postulate
8. CPCTC
8. ´ ≅ DB
AC ´
Theorem 6.3. The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular to each other.

Given: Rhombus ABCD
´ ⊥ BD
Prove: AC ´
Answer:
Proof
Since quadrilateral ABCD is a rhombus, its four sides are congruent. Let Ebe the point of
intersection of diagonals AC ´ . Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other; therefore,
´ and BD
´ ≅ DE
BE ´ . By the reflexive Property of Segment Congruence, AE ´ ≅ AE.
´ Applying the SSS
Congruence Postulate, ∆ AEB ≅ ∆ AED. By CPCTC, ∠AEB ≅ ∠AED. Since the two congruent angles form
a linear pair and are therefore supplementary, ∠AEB and ∠AED are right angles. Therefore, AC ´ ⊥
´ .
BD
Theorem 6.4. Converse of Theorem 6.3.If the diagonals of a parallelogram are perpendicular to each other,
then the parallelogram is a rhombus.
Given: Parallelogram ABCD with diagonals ´ and BD

AC ´
´ ⊥ BD
AC ´
Prove: Parallelogram ABCD is a rhombus.
Answer:
Proof
Point E is the intersection of diagonals AC´ and BD ´ of a parallelogram ABCD. Since the diagonals
´ ≅ DE
of a parallelogram bisect each other, then BE ´ . Applying the reflexive Property of Segment Congruence,
AE ≅ AE. If AC ⊥ BD, then ∠AEB and ∠AED are right angles, and therefore, ∆ AEB and ∆ AED are right
´ ´ ´ ´
triangles. Using the Leg Leg(LL) Congruence Theorem, ∆ AEB ≅ ∆ AED. By CPCTC, AB ´ ≅ DA´
Since quadrilateral is a parallelogram, its opposite side are congruent, therefore DA ´ ≅ BC
´
and AB´ ≅ CD ´ ..By the Transitive Property of Segment Congruence, AB ´ ≅ BC´ ≅ CD ´ . By definition
´ ≅ DA
of a rhombus, parallelogram ABCD is a rhombus.
 Rhombus is a parallelogram with four congruent sides.

 Rectangle is a parallelogram with four right angles.
 Square is a parallelogram with four congruent sides and four congruent angles.
 All squares are rectangles but not all rectangles are squares.
 A parallelogram is a quadrilateral that has two pairs of parallel sides.
 A quadrilateral is a four-sided polygon, closed figure, and has four vertices or corners.
 CPCTC is an acronym for Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are Congruent.
 Theorem is a statement that needs to be proven.
 Postulate is a statement that is accepted without proof.
 Properties of a Parallelogram
 Opposite sides are congruent
 Opposite angles are congruent
 Consecutive angles are supplementary
 Diagonals bisect each other
 Sufficient Conditions for a Quadrilateral to Be a Parallelogram
 Two pairs of opposite sides are congruent
 Two pairs of opposite angles are congruent
 One angle is supplementary to each of the two angles adjacent to it.
 Diagonals bisect each other
 Two sides are parallel and congruent
REFLECTION:
Why do people use special parallelograms in tiling and many other real-life structures?
REFERENCES
Pascasio, Arlene, Ponsones, Rigor, et.,al,.Math Ideas and Life Applications 9. Abiva Publishing House
Inc. 2017.
Tuliao, Alen L., Jimenez, Elizabeth P.,et.,al,.Realistic Math 9, Sibs Publishing House Inc.2017.
Disclaimer: The school and the teachers do not claim any rights or ownership of the information found in the
learning packet or module. It is a compilation from different resources that are listed in the reference section.
This is solely for educational purposes only.
Mathematics 9
Third Quarter – Module 3
PARALLELOGRAMS
Name of Student: _____________________________________ Grade Level: ____________________
Name of Teacher: _____________________________________ Section: ________________________
ANSWER SHEET
Note: You can write your answer on a separate sheet of paper as long as clear and readable (encoded or handwritten)
Day 1
Activity(Must be handwritten)
Investigate the properties of rectangles, rhombuses and square by working on the following:
1. Draw a rectangle, a rhombus, and a square.
2. Draw the diagonals of each of these special parallelograms.
3. Find the lengths of the diagonals. Which special parallelogram has congruent diagonals?
4. Measure the angles formed by the point of intersection of the two diagonals of each special
parallelogram. What do you observe?
5. Measure the angles formed by the diagonals. Which special parallelogram has diagonals that
bisect its opposite angles?
Day 2
Write TRUE if the statement is true and FALSE if false.
_____1. Both pairs of opposite sides of a square are congruent.
_____2. Both pairs of opposite angles of a rhombus are congruent.
_____3. Diagonals of a rectangle are congruent.
_____4. All sides of a rectangle are congruent.
_____5. Diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other.
_____6. Consecutive angles of a parallelogram are supplementary.
_____7. Diagonals of a square are congruent.
_____8. All angles of a rhombus are always congruent.
_____9. Rectangles have at least one right angle.
_____10. Diagonals of all parallelograms are perpendicular to each other.
Day 3
Prove each of the following theorems.
1. Theorem 6.2. Converse of Theorem 6.1.If the diagonals of a parallelogram are congruent then the
parallelogram is a rectangle.
2. Theorem 6.5. Each diagonal of a rhombus bisects the opposite angles of the rhombus.
3. Theorem 6.6. Converse of Theorem 6.5.If one diagonal of a parallelogram bisects two opposite angles of
the
parallelogram then the parallelogram is a rhombus.
4. In parallelogram SMLE given below, ∠SIM ≅ ∠MIL. Prove that parallelogram SMLE is a rhombus.

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Mathematics 9

Third Quarter – Module 3

January 25-29, 2021

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3

THEOREMS BASED ON THE PROPERTIES OF SPECIAL PARALLELOGRAMS

PROVING THEOREMS ON DIFFERENT KINDS OF PARALLELOGRAMS

Theorem 6.1. The diagonals of a rectangle are congruent.

Theorem 6.3. The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular to each other.

Given: Parallelogram ABCD with diagonals ´ and BD

 Rhombus is a parallelogram with four congruent sides.

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