100 IC Circuits

100 IC Circuits
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Go to: 1 - 100 Transistor Circuits
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33 IC CIRCUITS as of 14-4-2012
See TALKING ELECTRONICS WEBSITE
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100 IC Circuits
INTRODUCTION
This is the third part of our Circuits e-book series. It contains a further 100 circuits. This
time we have concentrated on circuits containing one or more IC's.
It's amazing what you can do with transistors but when Integrated Circuits came along, the
whole field of electronics exploded.
IC's can handle both analogue as well as digital signals but before their arrival, nearly all
circuits were analogue or very simple "digital" switching circuits.
Let's explain what we mean.
The word analogue is a waveform or signal that is changing (increasing and decreasing) at a
constant or non constant rate. Examples are voice, music, tones, sounds and frequencies.
Equipment such as radios, TV's and amplifiers process analogue signals.
Then digital came along.
Digital is similar to a switch turning something on and off.
The advantage of digital is two-fold.
Firstly it is a very reliable and accurate way to send a signal. The signal is either HIGH or
LOW (ON or OFF). It cannot be half-on or one quarter-off.
And secondly, a circuit that is ON, consumes the least amount of energy in the controlling
device. In other words, a transistor that is fully turned ON and driving a motor, dissipates
the least amount of heat. If it is slightly turned ON or nearly fully turned ON, it gets very
hot.
And obviously a transistor that is not turned on at all will consume no energy.
A transistor that turns ON fully and OFF fully is called a SWITCH.
When two transistors are cross-coupled in the form of a flip flop, any pulses entering the
circuit cause it to flip and flop and the output goes HIGH on every second pulse. This means
the circuit halves the input pulses and is the basis of counting or dividing. It is also the basis
of a "Memory Cell" as will will hold a piece of information.
Digital circuits also introduce the concept of two inputs creating a HIGH output when both
are HIGH and variations of this.
This is called "logic" and introduces terms such as "Boolean algebra" (Boolean logic) and
"gates."
Integrated Circuits started with a few transistors in each "chip" and increased to mini or
micro computers in a single chip. These chips are called Microcontrollers and a single chip
with a few surrounding components can be programmed to play games, monitor heart-rate
and do all sorts of amazing things. Because they can process information at high speed, the
end result can appear to have intelligence and this is where we are heading: AI (Artificial
Intelligence).
In this IC Circuits ebook, we have presented about 100 interesting circuits using Integrated
Circuits.
In most cases the IC will contain 10 - 100 transistors, cost less than the individual
components and take up much less board-space. They also save a lot of circuit designing
and quite often consume less current than discrete components or the components they
replace.
In all, they are a fantastic way to get something working with the least componentry.
A list of of some of the most common Integrated Circuits (Chips) is provided at the end of
this book to help you identify the pins and show you what is inside the chip.
Some of the circuits are available from Talking Electronics as a kit, but others will have to
be purchased as individual components from your local electronics store. Electronics is such
an enormous field that we cannot provide kits for everything. But if you have a query about
one of the circuits, you can contact me.
Colin Mitchell
TALKING ELECTRONICS.
talking@tpg.com.au
To save space we have not provided lengthy explanations of how the circuits work. This has
already been covered in TALKING ELECTRONICS Basic Electronics Course, and can be
obtained on a CD for $10.00 (posted to anywhere in the world) See Talking Electronics
website for more details: http://www.talkingelectronics.com
MORE INTRO
We have said this before abut we will say it again: There are two ways to learn
electronics.
One is to go to school and study theory for 4 years and come out with all the theoretical
knowledge in the world but very little practical experience. The other is to "learn on the
job."

100 IC Circuits
I am not saying one approach is better than the other but most electronics enthusiasts are
not "book worms" and many have been dissuaded from entering electronics due to the
complex mathematics surrounding University-type courses.
Our method is to get around this by advocating designing, building, constructions and even
more assembly with lots of experimenting and when you get stuck with a mathematical
problem, get some advice or read about it via the thousands of free test books on the web.
Anyone can succeed in this field by applying themselves to constructing projects. You
actually learn 10 times faster by doing it yourself and we have had lots of examples of
designs from students in the early stages of their career.
And don't think the experts get it right the first time. Look at all the recalled electronics
equipment from the early days.
The most amazing inventions have come from almost "newcomers" as evidenced by looking
through the "New Inventions" website.
All you have to do is see a path for your ideas and have a goal that you can add your ideas
to the "Word of Invention" and you succeed.
Nothing succeeds like success. And if you have a flair for designing things, electronics will
provide you a comfortable living for the rest of your life.
The market is very narrow but new designs are coming along all the time and new devices
are constantly being invented and more are always needed.
Once you get past this eBook of "Chips" you will want to investigate microcontrollers and
this is when your options will explode.
You will be able to carry out tasks you never thought possible, with a chip as small as 8 pins
and a few hundred lines of code.
In two weeks you can start to understand the programming code for a microcontroller and
perform simple tasks such as flashing a LED and produce sounds and outputs via the press of
a button.
All these things are covered on Talking Electronics website and you don't have to buy any
books or publications. Everything is available on the web and it is instantly accessible.
That's the beauty of the web.
Don't think things are greener on the other side of the fence, by buying a text book. They
aren't. Everything you need is on the web AT NO COST.
The only thing you have to do is build things. If you have any technical problem at all,
simply email Colin Mitchell and any question will be answered. Nothing could be simpler
and this way we guarantee you SUCCESS. Hundreds of readers have already emailed and
after 5 or more emails, their circuit works. That's the way we work. One thing at a time and
eventually the fault is found.
If you think a circuit will work the first time it is turned on, you are fooling yourself.
All circuits need corrections and improvements and that's what makes a good electronics
person. Don't give up. How do you think all the circuits in these eBooks were designed?
Some were copied and some were designed from scratch but all had to be built and
adjusted slightly to make sure they worked perfectly.
I don't care if you use bread-board, copper strips, matrix board or solder the components in
the air as a "bird's nest." You only learn when the circuit gets turned on and WORKS!
In fact the rougher you build something, the more you will guarantee it will work when
built on a printed circuit board.
However, high-frequency circuits (such as 100MHz FM Bugs) do not like open layouts and
you have to keep the construction as tight as possible to get them to operate reliably.
In most other cases, the layout is not critical.
If you just follow these ideas, you will succeed.
A few of the basics are also provided in this eBook, the first is transistor outlines:
TRANSISTORS
Most of the transistors used in our circuits are BC 547 and BC 557. These are classified as
"universal" or "common" NPN and PNP types with a voltage rating of about 25v, 100mA
collector current and a gain of about 100.
You can use almost any type of transistor to replace them and here is a list of the
equivalents and pinouts:

100 IC Circuits
CONTENTS
Activate after 3 rings Phone Charger
Active for 1 second Phone ring detector
Adjustable Voltage Supply Phone Ringer
AND Gate Police Lights
Any Capacitor Value Resistor Colour Code
Any Resistor Value Smple BFO Metal Locator
Battery Charger - Gell Cell Simple Logic Probe
BFO Metal Locator Timer - Long Duration
Brake Lights (flash 3 times) Transistor Tester - Combo-2
Constant Current 20mA Water Level Pump Controller
Current Limiting Wheel Of Fortune
Flash LEDs for 20 Seconds 1.5v to 5v Phone Charger
Gates 4 Pumps
Gell Cell Battery Charger 10 LED Chaser
Intercom 10 Minute & 30 Minute Timer
Knight Rider - Kitt Scanner 10 Second Alarm
Knock Knock Doorbell 20mA Constant Current
Ladybug Robot 100 LED CRO
LED Zeppelin - a game of skill 555
Logic Gates
Logic Probe - Simple
Long Duration Timer
Mains Detector
Metal Detector - BFO

100 IC Circuits
RESISTOR COLOUR CODE
See resistors from 0.22ohm to 22M in full colour at end of book and another resistor table
THE 555
The 555 is everywhere. It is possibly the most-frequency used chip and is easy to use.
But if you want to use it in a "one-shot" or similar circuit, you need to know how the chip will "sit."
For this you need to know about the UPPER THRESHOLD (pin 6) and LOWER THRESHOLD (pin
2):
The 555 is fully covered in a 3 page article on Talking Electronics website (see left index: 555 P1
P2 P3)
Here is the pin identification for each pin:
When drawing a circuit diagram, always draw the 555 as a building block with the pins in the
following locations. This will help you instantly recognise the function of each pin:

100 IC Circuits
Note: Pin 7 is "in phase" with output Pin 3 (both are low at the same time).
Pin 7 "shorts" to 0v via the transistor. It is pulled HIGH via R1.
Maximum supply voltage 16v - 18v
Current consumption approx 10mA
Output Current sink @5v = 5 - 50mA @15v = 50mA
Output Current source @5v = 100mA @15v = 200mA
Maximum operating frequency 300kHz - 500kHz
Faults with Chip:

Consumes about 10mA when sitting in circuit
Output voltage up to 2.5v less than rail voltage
Output is 0.5v to 1.5v above ground
Sources up to 200mA but sinks only 50mA
HOW TO USE THE 555

There are many ways to use the 55.
(a) Astable Multivibrator - constantly oscillates
(b) Monostable - changes state only once per trigger pulse - also called a ONE SHOT
(c) Voltage Controlled Oscillator
ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
The output frequency of a 555 can be worked out from the following graph:

100 IC Circuits
The graph applies to the following Astable circuit:

The capacitor C charges via R1 and R2
and when the voltage on the capacitor
reaches 2/3 of the supply, pin 6 detects
this and pin 7 connects to 0v. The
capacitor discharges through R2 until
its voltage is 1/3 of the supply and pin 2
detects this and turns off pin7 to repeat
the cycle.
The top resistor is included to prevent
pin 7 being damaged as it shorts to 0v
when pin 6 detects 2/3 rail voltage.
Its resistance is small compared to R2
and does not come into the timing of
the oscillator.
Using the graph:

Suppose R1 = 1k, R2 = 10k and C = 0.1 (100n).
Using the formula on the graph, the total resistance = 1 + 10 + 10 = 21k
The scales on the graph are logarithmic so that 21k is approximately near the "1" on the 10k. Draw
a line parallel to the lines on the graph and where it crosses the 0.1u line, is the answer. The result
is approx 900Hz.
Suppose R1 = 10k, R2 = 100k and C = 1u

Using the formula on the graph, the total resistance = 10 + 100 + 100 = 210k
The scales on the graph are logarithmic so that 210k is approximately near the first "0" on the
100k. Draw a line parallel to the lines on the graph and where it crosses the 1u line, is the answer.
The result is approx 9Hz.
The frequency of an astable circuit can also be worked out from the following formula:
1.4
frequency =
(R1 + 2R2) × C
555 astable frequencies

R1 = 1k R1 = 10k R1 = 100k
C
R2 = 6k8 R2 = 68k R2 = 680k
0.001µ 100kHz 10kHz 1kHz

0.01µ 10kHz 1kHz 100Hz
0.1µ 1kHz 100Hz 10Hz
1µ 100Hz 10Hz 1Hz
10µ 10Hz 1Hz 0.1Hz

100 IC Circuits
The simplest Astable uses one resistor

and one capacitor. Output pin 3 is
used to charge and discharge the
capacitor.
LOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATORS
If the capacitor is replaced with an

electrolytic, the frequency of oscillation
will reduce. When the frequency is less
than 1Hz, the oscillator circuit is called
a timer or "delay circuit." The 555 will
produce delays as long as 30 minutes
but with long delays, the timing is not
accurate.
555 Delay Times:

R1 = 100k R1 = 470k R1 = 1M
C
R2 = 100k R2 = 470k R2 = 1M
10µ 2.2sec 10sec 22sec

100µ 22sec 100sec 220sec
470µ 100sec 500sec 1000sec
555 ASTABLE OSCILLATORS

Here are circuits that operate from 300kHz to 30 minutes:
(300kHz is the absolute maximum as the 555 starts to malfunction with irregular bursts of pulses at
this high frequency and 30 minutes is about the longest you can guarantee the cycle will repeat.)

100 IC Circuits
SQUARE WAVE OSCILLATOR
A square wave oscillator kit can be purchased

from Talking Electronics for approx $10.00
See website: Square Wave Oscillator
It has adjustable (and settable) frequencies from
1Hz to 100kHz and is an ideal piece of Test
Equipment.
555 Monostable or "one Shot"
to Index

100 IC Circuits
50 - 555 CIRCUITS
50 555 Circuits eBook can be accessed on the web or downloaded

as a .doc or .pdf It has more than 50 very interesting 555 circuits
and data on using a 555.
Table of Contents: (more has been added - see: 50 - 555 circuits)

One-Shot 555
Active High Trigger
Organ
Active Low Trigger
Police Siren
Amplifier using 555
Pulse Extender
Astable Multivibrator
Pulser - 74c14
Bi-Coloured LED
PWM Controller
Bi-Polar LED Driver
Railroad Lights (flashing)
Car Tachometer
Rain Alarm
Clark Zapper
Replacing 556 with two
Clicks Uneven
555's
Continuity Tester
Resistor Colour Codes
Dark Detector
Screamer Siren - Light
Driving A Bi-Coloured LED
Controlled
Driving A Relay
Servo Tester
Flashing Indicators
Simplest 555 Oscillator
Flashing Railroad Lights
Siren 100dB
Flip Flop
Square Wave Oscillator
Function of each 555 pin
Stun Gun
Hee Haw Siren
Substituting a 555 - Part 1
High Frequency 555 Oscillator
Substituting a 555 - Part 2
How to use the 555
Switch Debounce
Increasing Output Current
Tachometer
Increasing Output Push-Pull Current
Ticking Bomb
Inverter 12v to 240v
Tilt Switch
Inside the 555
Touch Switch
Kitt Scanner
Toy Organ
Knight Rider
Transistor Tester
Laser Ray Sound
Trigger Timer - 74c14
Latch
Uneven Clicks
LED Dimmer
Using the 555
Light Controlled Screamer Siren
Voltage Doubler
Light Detector
Wailing Siren
Low Frequency 555 Oscillator
Zapper (Dr Clark)
Machine Gun
Zener Diode Tester
Memory Cell
2 Minute Timer - 74c14
Metal Detector
10 Minute Timer - 74c14
Monostable 555
12v to 240v Inverter
Morse Keyer
100dB Siren
Mosquito Repellent
555 Amplifier
Motor PWM
555 Kit of Components
Multivibrator - Astable
555 Pinout
Negative Voltage
555 Mistakes (No-No's)
Normally Closed Trigger
556 Dual Timer
to Index

100 IC Circuits
KNOCK KNOCK DOORBELL

This very clever circuit only produces an output when the piezo detects two taps. It can be used as a
knock-knock doorbell. A PC board containing all components (soldered to the board) is available
from talking electronics for $5.00 plus postage. Email HERE for details.
The circuit takes only a few microamp and when a tap is detected by the piezo, the waveform from
the transistor produces a HIGH on pin 6 and the HIGH on pin 5 makes output pin 4 go low. This very
quickly charges the 47n and it is discharged via the 560k to produce a brief pulse at pin 3.
The 47n is mainly to stop noise entering pin 2. Pin 1 is HIGH via the 2M7 and the LOW on pin 2
causes pin 3 to produce a HIGH pulse. The 47n is discharged via the internal diodes on pin 13 and
when it goes LOW, pin 11 goes HIGH and charges the 10n via the 22k and diode.
This puts a HIGH on pin 8 for approx 0.7 seconds and when a second tap is detected, pin 9 sees a
HIGH and pin 10 goes LOW. This puts a LOW on pin 12 and a HIGH on pin 8. The LOW on pin 12
goes to pin 1. A HIGH and LOW on the second NAND gate produces a HIGH on pin 3 and the third
NAND gate has a HIGH on both inputs. This makes pin 10 LOW and the 4u7 starts to charge via the
2M7 resistor. After 5 seconds pin 12 sees a HIGH and pin 11 goes LOW. The 10n is discharged via
the 10M and when pin 8 sees a LOW, pin 10 goes HIGH. The output sits HIGH and goes LOW for
about 7 seconds.
to Index
LED ZEPPELIN
This circuit is a game of skill. See full article: LED Zeppelin. The kit is available from
talking electronics for $15.50 plus postage. Email HERE for details.
The game consists of six LEDs and an indicator LED that flashes at a rate of about 2
cycles per second. A push button is the "Operations Control" and by carefully pushing
the button in synchronisation with the flashing LED, the row of LEDs will gradually light
up.
But the slightest mistake will immediately extinguish one, two or three LEDs. The aim
of the game is to illuminate the 6 LEDs with the least number of pushes.
We have sold thousands of these kits. It's a great challenge.

100 IC Circuits
to Index
BFO METAL DETECTOR

The circuit shown must represent the limits of simplicity for a metal detector. It uses a single 4093 quad
Schmitt NAND IC and a search coil -- and of course a switch and batteries. A lead from IC1d pin 11 needs
to be attached to a MW radio aerial, or should be wrapped around the radio. If the radio has a BFO switch,
switch this ON.
Since an inductor resists rapid changes in voltage (called reactance), any change in the logic level at IC1c
pin 10 is delayed during transfer back to input pins 1 and 2. This is further delayed through propagation
delays within the 4093 IC. This sets up a rapid oscillation (about 2 MHz), which is picked up by a MW radio.
Any change to the inductance of L1 (through the presence of metal) brings about a change to the oscillator
frequency. Although 2 MHz is out of range of the Medium Waves, a MW radio will clearly pick up harmonics
of this frequency.
The winding of the coil is by no means critical, and a great deal of latitude is permissible. The prototype
used 50 turns of 22 awg/30 swg (0.315 mm) enamelled copper wire, wound on a 4.7"/120 mm former. This
was then wrapped in insulation tape. The coil then requires a Faraday shield, which is connected to 0V. A
Faraday shield is a wrapping of tin foil around the coil, leaving a small gap so that the foil does not
complete the entire circumference of the coil. The Faraday shield is again wrapped in insulation tape. A
connection may be made to the Faraday shield by wrapping a bare piece of stiff wire around it before
adding the tape. Ideally, the search coil will be wired to the circuit by means of twin-core or figure-8
microphone cable, with the screen being wired to the Faraday shield.
The metal detector is set up by tuning the MW radio to pick up a whistle (a harmonic of 2 MHz). Note that
not every such harmonic works best, and the most suitable one needs to be found. The presence of metal
will then clearly change the tone of the whistle. The metal detector has excellent stability, and it should
detect a large coin at 80 to 90 mm, which for a BFO detector is relatively good. It will also discriminate
between ferrous and non-ferrous metals through a rise or fall in tone.
Copyright Rev. Thomas Scarborough

The author may be contacted at scarboro@iafrica.com

100 IC Circuits
to Index
SIMPLE BFO METAL LOCATOR

This circuit uses a single coil and nine components to make a
particularly sensitive low-cost metal locator. It works on the principle
of a beat frequency oscillator (BFO).
The circuit incorporates two oscillators, both operating at about
40kHz. The first, IC1a, is a standard CMOS oscillator with its
frequency adjustable via VR1.
The frequency of the second, IC1b, is highly dependent on the
inductance of coil L1, so that its frequency shifts in the presence of
metal. L1 is 70 turns of 0.315mm enamelled copper wire wound on a
120mm diameter former. The Faraday shield is made of aluminum
foil, which is wound around all but about 10mm of the coil and
connected to pin 4 of IC1b.
The two oscillator signals are mixed through IC1c, to create a beat
note. IC1d and IC1c drive the piezo sounder in push-pull fashion,
thereby boosting the output.
Unlike many other metal locators of its kind, this locator is particularly
easy to tune. Around the midpoint setting of VR1, there will be a loud
beat frequency with a null point in the middle. The locator needs to be
tuned to a low frequency beat note to one or the other side of this null
point.
Depending on which side is chosen, it will be sensitive to either
ferrous or non-ferrous metals. Besides detecting objects under the
ground, the circuit could serve well as a pipe locator.
to Index
1.5v to 5v PHONE CHARGER

Look at the photos. The circuit is simple. It looks like two surface-mount transistors, an inductor, diode,
capacitor, resistor and LED.
But you will be mistaken.
One of the "transistors" is a controller and the other is a FET.
The controller is powered from the output (5v) of the circuit and when it detects no-load, it shuts down and
requires a very small current.
When the 1v5 batter is connected, the controller starts up at less than 1v5 due to the Schottkey diode and
charges the 1u capacitor by driving the FET and using the flyback effect of the inductor to produce a high
voltage. When the output voltage is 5v, the controller turns off and the only load on the 1u is the
controller. When the voltage drops across this capacitor, the controller turns on in bursts to keep the 1u
charged to exactly 5v. The charger was purchased for $3.00 so it is cheaper to buy one and use it in your
own project. It also comes with 4 adapter leads!

100 IC Circuits
The AA case and 4 adapter leads - cost: $3.00!!

100 IC Circuits
The controller has been placed on extension wires to test its operation.
Sometimes it is better to use something that is already

available, rather than trying to re-invent the wheel. This
is certainly the case with this project. You could not buy
the components for the cost of the complete phone
The LED and 1u capacitor can be clearly
charger and extension leads.
seen in this photo.
The circuit will deliver 70mA at 5v and if a higher current
is drawn, the voltage drops slightly.
These chargers were originally priced at $30.00 !!
to Index
10 SECOND ALARM
This circuit is activated for 10 seconds via the first two gates. They form a LATCH to keep the oscillator
(made up of the next two gates) in operation, to drive the speaker.
The circuit consumes a few microamps in quiescent mode and the TOUCH PLATES can be any type of
foil on a door knob or item that is required to be protected. The 10u sits in an uncharged condition and
when the plates are touched, the voltage on pin 1 drops below 50% rail and makes pin 3 HIGH. This pulls
pins 5 and 6 HIGH and makes pin 4 LOW. This keeps pin 3 HIGH, no matter if a HIGH or LOW is on pin1.
This turns on the oscillator and the 10u starts to charge via the 100k resistor. After about 10 seconds, the
voltage on pins 5 and 6 drops to below 50% rail voltage and pin 4 goes HIGH. If the TOUCH PLATES are
not touched, pin 3 will go LOW and the oscillator will stop.

100 IC Circuits
to Index
USING A VOLTAGE REGULATOR

This circuit shows how to use a voltage regulator to convert a 24v supply to
12v for a 555 chip. Note: the pins on the regulator (commonly called a 3-
terminal regulator) are: IN, COMMON, OUT and these must match-up with:
In, Common, Out on the circuit diagram.
If the current requirement is less than 500mA, a 100R "safety resistor" can be
placed on the 24v rail to prevent spikes damaging the regulator.
to Index
POLICE LIGHTS
These three circuits flash the left LEDs 3 times then the right LEDs 3 times, then repeats. The
only difference is the choice of chips.

100 IC Circuits
to Index
FLASH LEDS FOR 20 SECONDS

This circuit comes from a request from a reader. It flashes a LED for
20 seconds after a switch is pressed. In other words, for 20 seconds
as soon as the switch is pressed. The values will need to be adjusted
to get the required flash-rate and timing.
to Index
INTERCOM

100 IC Circuits
This circuit uses a single transistor and LM386 amplifier IC to produce an intercom that allows hands-free
operation.
As both microphones and loudspeakers are always connected, the circuit is designed to avoid feedback -
known as the "Larsen effect".
The microphone amplifier transistor is 180° phase-shifted and one of the audio outputs is taken at the
collector and its in-phase output taken at the emitter. These are mixed by the 10u, 22u, 20k pot and 2k7
so that the two signals almost cancel out. In this way, the loudspeaker will reproduce a very faint copy of
the signals picked-up by the microphone.
At the same time, as both collectors of the two intercom units are tied together, the 180° phase-shifted
signal will pass to the audio amplifier of the second unit without attenuation, so it will be loudly reproduced
by its loudspeaker.
The same operation will occur when speaking into the microphone of the second unit. When the 20k pot is
set correctly, almost no output will be heard from the loudspeaker but a loud and clear reproduction will be
heard at the output of the other unit. The second 20k pot adjusts the volume.
to Index
ACTIVATE VIA 3 PHONE RINGS

This circuit connects to a phone line. When the phone rings for 3 or 4 rings, the relay is activated for about
1 minute. But if the phone rings for 6 or more rings, the circuit is not activated.
The circuit takes less than 100uA when in quiescent state and when the phone rings, the ring voltage is
passed to pin 1 via the 100k and 100n capacitor. This causes pin 2 to go HIGH and charge two 100u
electrolytics. The lower 100u charges in 7 seconds and the upper charges in 12 seconds. If the phone
rings for only 3 rings, pin 4 goes LOW and charges the third 100u via a 47k resistor. After a further 7
seconds, pin 10 goes HIGH. If the phone stops ringing after 3 rings, the lower 100u starts to discharge via
the 470k and after about 40 seconds pin 4 goes HIGH. The third 100u now starts to discharge via the
470k across it and the relay turns off.
If the phone rings for more than 5 rings, the top 100u will charge and pin 6 will go LOW and cause pin 8 to
go HIGH and prevent pin 11 going LOW via the gating diode.

100 IC Circuits
to Index
WATER LEVEL PUMP CONTROLLER

This circuit provides automatic level control of a water tank.
The shorter steel rod is the "water high" sensor and the longer is the "water low" sensor. When the water
level is below both sensors, pin 10 is low. If the water comes in contact with the longer sensor the output
remains low until the shorter sensor is reached. At this point pin11 goes high and the transistor conducts.
The relay is energized and the pump starts operating. When the water level drops the shorter sensor will
be no longer in contact with the water, but the output of the IC will keep the transistor tuned ON until the
water falls below the level of the longer rod. When the water level falls below the longer sensor, the output
of the IC goes low and the pump will stop.
The switch provides reverse operation. Switching to connect the transistor to pin 11 of the IC will cause
the pump will operate when the tank is nearly empty and will stop when the tank is full. In this case, the
pump will be used to fill the tank and not to empty it.
Note: The two steel rods must be supported by a small insulated (wooden or plastic) board. The circuit
can be used also with non-metal tanks, provided a third steel rod having about the same height as the
tank is connected to the negative.
Adding an alarm to pin 11 will let you know the tank is nearly empty.
to Index
BRAKE LIGHTS
This circuit makes the brake lights flash a number of times then stay ON. The circuit shows how a MOSFET
works. The MOSFET is turned on with a voltage between the gate and source. This occurs in the circuit when the
gate is LOW. The P-channel MOSFET can be replaced by a PNP transistor with the addition of a 2k2 between
the diode and base, to prevent the transistor being damaged when output pin 3 goes LOW. Ideally the PNP
transistor should be replaced with a Darlington transistor.
This circuit originally designed by:
Ken Moffett
Scientific Instrumentation
Macalester College
1600 Grand Avenue
St Paul MN 55105
moffett@macalester.edu
See the full article:

http://www.sentex.net/~mec1995/circ/motflash.html .pdf of article
to Index

100 IC Circuits
ACTIVE FOR 1 SECOND

This circuit is active for 1 second after it detects a signal on the base of the input transistor. The length of
activation depends on the value of the resistor across the 10u electrolytic.
When pin 1 goes LOW, pin 2 goes HIGH and charges the 10u. Pin 3 goes HIGH, pin 4 goes LOW and pin
6 goes HIGH to turn on the transistor and activate the relay.
At the same time a HIGH is passed to pin 1 to keep it HIGH.
Pin 2 will be kept LOW and the 10u will discharge via the resistor across it and eventually pin 3 will go
LOW and the relay will turn off. If a signal is still present on the base of the input transistor, the relay will
remain energised as the circuit will charge the 10u again.
to Index
THE DOMINO EFFECT see full project HERE
Here's a project with an interesting name. The original design was bought over 40yearsa ago, before the

100 IC Circuits
introduction of the electret microphone. They used a crystal earpiece.

We have substituted it with a piezo diaphragm and used a quad op-amp to produce two building blocks.
The first is a high-gain amplifier to take the few millivolts output of the piezo and amplify it sufficiently to
drive the input of a counter chip. This requires a waveform of at least 6v for a 9v supply and we need a
gain of about 600.
The other building block is simply a buffer that takes the high-amplitude waveform and delivers the
negative excursions to a reservoir capacitor (100u electrolytic). The charge on this capacitor turns on a
BC557 transistor and this effectively takes the power pin of the counter-chip to the positive rail via the
collector lead.
The chip has internal current limiting and some of the outputs are taken to sets of three LEDs.
The chip is actually a counter or divider and the frequency picked up by the piezo is divided by 128 and
delivered to one output and divided by over 8,000 by the highest-division output to three more LEDs The
other lines have lower divisions.
This creates a very impressive effect as the LEDs are connected to produce a balanced display that
changes according to the beat of the music.
The voltage on the three amplifiers is determined by the 3M3 and 1M voltage-divider on the first op-amp.
It produces about 2v. This makes the output go HIGH and it takes pin 2 with it until this pin see a few
millivolts above pin3. At this point the output stops rising.
Any waveform (voltage) produced by the piezo that is lower than the voltage on pin 3 will make the output
go HIGH and this is how we get a large waveform.
This signal is passed to the second op-amp and because the voltage on pin 6 is delayed slightly by the
100n capacitor, is also produces a gain.
When no signal is picked up by the piezo, pin 7 is approx 2v and pin 10 is about 4.5v. Because pin 9 is
lower than pin 10, the output pin 8 is about 7.7v (1.3v below the supply rail) as this is as high as the output
will go - it does not go full rail-to-rail.
The LED connected to the output removes 1.7v, plus 0.6v between base and emitter and this means the
transistor is not turned on.
Any colour LEDs can be used and a mixture will give a different effect.
Click the link above for more details on the project, including photos and construction notes.
to Index
10 LED CHASER
Here's an interesting circuit that creates a clock
pulse for a 4017 from a flashing LED. The flashing
LED takes almost no current between flashes and
thus the clock line is low via the 1k to 22k resistor.
When the LED flashes, the voltage on the clock line
is about 2v -3v below the rail voltage (depending on
the value of the resistor) and this is sufficient for the
chip to see a HIGH.

100 IC Circuits
(circuit designed on 9-10-2010)
to Index
WHEEL OF FORTUNE
Here's a circuit from Vellemann.
The slow-down circuit consists of the top three gates, R3, D1, C2, R4 and C3.
Sw1 is pressed for a brief period.
This charges the 47u and the 1u is charged via the 100k.
The voltage on the 1u rises until it puts a HIGH on input pin 11.
This puts a LOW on pin 2 and the voltage on the 1u drops until the voltage on pin 11 is a LOW.
The voltage fluctuates at about half rail voltage as it puts a HIGH and LOW on Pin 11. It is charged by the
100k and discharged by the 10 and diode.
The HIGH on pin 2 allows the 1u to charge via the 100k and this gradually reduces the voltage on the
47u.
As the voltage on the 47u falls, the time taken to charge the 1u increases and creates the slow-down
effect. Eventually the voltage on the 1u is not enough to put a HIGH on Pin 11 and the circuit freezes.
to Index
TRANSISTOR TESTER COMBO-2

The circuit uses a single IC to perform 3 tests:
Test 1: Place the transistor in any orientation into the three terminals of circuit 1 (below, left) and a red LED will
detect the base of a PNP transistor an a green LED will indicate the base of an NPN transistor.
Test 2: You now now the base lead and the type of transistor. Place the transistor in Test 2 circuit (top circuit) and
when you have fitted the collector and emitter leads correctly (maybe have to swap leads), the red or green LED will
come on to prove you have fitted the transistor correctly.
Test 3: The transistor can now be fitted in the GAIN SECTION. Select PNP or NPN and turn the pot until the LED
illuminates. The value of gain is marked on the PCB that comes with the kit. The kit has ezy clips that clip onto the
leads of the transistor to make it easy to use the project.
The project also has a probe at one end of the board that produces a square wave - suitable for all sorts of audio
testing and some digital testing.
Project cost: $22.00 from Talking Electronics.

100 IC Circuits
to Index
GELL CELL BATTERY CHARGER

This circuit will charge gell cell batteries at 300mA or 650mA or 1.3A,
depending on the CURRENT SENSING resistor in the 0v rail. Adjust
the 5k pot for 13.4v out and when the battery voltage reaches this
level, the current will drop to a few milliamps. The plug pack will need
to be upgraded for the 650mA or 1.3A charge-current. The red LED
indicates charging and as the battery voltage rises, the current-flow
decreases. The maximum is shown below and when it drops about 5%,
the LED turns off and the current gradually drops to almost zero.
to Index

100 IC Circuits
SIMPLE LOGIC PROBE

Here is a simple Logic Probe using a single chip. The circuits have been designed for the CD4001
CMOS quad NOR gate and CD4011 CMOS NAND gate. The output has an active buzzer that produces
a beep when the pulse LED illuminates (the buzzer is not a piezo-diaphragm but an active buzzer
containing components).
LOGIC PROBE USING CD 4001
LOGIC PROBE USING CD 4011
to Index
10 MINUTE AND 30 MINUTE TIMER
This circuit turns on the first relay for any period of time as determined by the value of C1 and R1. When
relay 1 turns off, relay 2 turns ON for any period of time as determined by C2 and R2. When relay 2 turns
off, relay 1 turns ON and the cycle repeats.
to Index

100 IC Circuits
4 PUMPS
This circuit has been requested by a reader. He wanted 4 pumps to operate randomly in his water-fountain feature. A 74C14 IC can be used
to produce 4 timing circuits with different on-off values. The trim-pots can be replaced with resistors when the desired effect has been
created.
to Index
LONG DURATION TIMER

To get a long duration timer we can create an oscillator, called a CLOCK OSCILLATOR,
and feed it to a number of flip-flops. A flip-flop is a form of bi-stable multivibrator, wired so
an input signal will change the output on every second cycle. In other words it divides
(halves) the input signal. When two of these are connected in a "chain" the input signal
divides by 4. The CD4060 IC has 14 stages. These are also called BINARY DIVIDERS
and the chip is also called a COUNTER.
The IC also has components (called gates or inverters) on pins 9,10 and 11 that can be
wired to produce an oscillator. Three external components are needed to produce the
duration of the oscillations. In other words the frequency of the "clock signal."
The output of the oscillator is connected (inside the chip) to the Binary Dividers and each
stage goes HIGH then LOW due to the signal it is receiving. Each stage rises and falls at a
rate that is half the previous stage and the final stage provides the long time delay as it
takes 213 clock cycles before going HIGH. We have only taken from Q10 in this circuit and

100 IC Circuits
the outline of the chip has been provided in the circuit so different outputs can be used to
produce different timings.
The diode on the output "jams" the oscillator and stops it operating so the relay stays
active when the time has expired.
to Index
LADYBUG ROBOT
Ladybug Robot moves with its six legs and makes use of infrared emitting diodes as its eyes to avoid
obstacles along its path. Ladybug automatically makes a left turn the moment it detects an object in its
path. It continues to move forward again when no obstacle is in the way.

100 IC Circuits
See Hex Bug in "200 Transistor Circuits" for a transistor version of this circuit.
to Index
100 LED CRO
This circuit produces a "trace" on a set of 100 LEDs, just like a Cathode
Ray Oscilloscope. It is only suitable for low frequency signals such as audio
but can also reproduce low-frequency square waves. It's fun to talk into the
microphone and see the result on the screen. Add the audio amplifier below
to the input of the LM3914 dot/bar Display Driver (that has been set to dot-
mode). To see a trace across the centre of the screen. The audio will raise
and lower the trace to produce a waveform.
The photo on the right shows the authors model.

100 IC Circuits
to Index
PHONE RINGER
This circuit shows how a very complex set of pulses
can be produced via a very simple circuit.
The CD4060B IC produce three kinds of pulses.
Preset VR1 is fine-tuned to get 0.3125Hz pulses at
pin 3 of IC1. At the same time, pulses obtainable
from pin 1 will be of 1.25 Hz and 20 Hz at pin 14.
The three output pins of IC1 are connected to base
terminals of transistors T1, T2, and T3 through
resistors R1, R2, and R3, respectively.
Working with a built-in oscillator-type piezo buzzer
generates about 1kHz tone. In this particular circuit,
the piezo-buzzer is turned ‘on’ and ‘off’ at 20 Hz for
ring tone sound by transistor T3. 20Hz pulses are
obtainable at the collector of transistor T3 for 0.4-
second duration. Just after a time interval of 0.4
second, 20Hz pulses become again obtainable for
another 0.4-second duration. This is followed by two
seconds of no sound interval. Thereafter the pulse
pattern repeats by itself.
to Index

100 IC Circuits
KNIGHT RIDER
In the Knight Rider circuit, the 555 is wired as an oscillator. It can be adjusted to give the desired
speed for the display. The output of the 555 is directly connected to the input of a Johnson Counter
(CD 4017). The input of the counter is called the CLOCK line.
The 10 outputs Q0 to Q9 become active, one at a time, on the rising edge of the waveform from the
555. Each output can deliver about 20mA but a LED should not be connected to the output without
a current-limiting resistor (330R in the circuit above).
The first 6 outputs of the chip are connected directly to the 6 LEDs and these "move" across the
display. The next 4 outputs move the effect in the opposite direction and the cycle repeats. The
animation above shows how the effect appears on the display.
Using six 3mm LEDs, the display can be placed in the front of a model car to give a very realistic
effect. The same outputs can be taken to driver transistors to produce a larger version of the
display.
The Knight Rider circuit is available as a kit for less than $15.00 plus postage
as Kitt Scanner.
Here is a simple Knight Rider circuit using resistors to drive the

LEDs. This circuit consumes 22mA while only delivering 7mA
to each LED. The outputs are "fighting" each other via the 100R resistors (except outputs Q0 and
Q5).
This circuit drives 11 LEDs with a cross-over effect:

100 IC Circuits
to Index >
CROSSING LIGHTS
A magnet on the train activates the TRIGGER reed switch to turn on the amber LED for a time
determined by the value of the first 10u and 47k.
When the first 555 IC turns off, the 100n is uncharged because both ends are at rail voltage and it
pulses pin 2 of the middle 555 LOW. This activates the 555 and pin 3 goes HIGH. This pin supplies rail
voltage to the third 555 and the two red LEDs are alternately flashed. When the train passes the
CANCEL reed switch, pin 4 of the middle 555 is taken LOW and the red LEDs stop flashing.
See it in action: Movie (4MB)
The circuit can also be constructed with a 40106 HEX Schmitt trigger IC (74C14). The 555 circuit
consumes about 30mA when sitting and waiting. The 40106 circuit consumes less than 1mA.

100 IC Circuits
to Index
20mA CONSTANT-CURRENT GENERATOR

This circuit produces a constant 20mA current with an output voltage approx 3v lower than the
battery voltage.
It uses an LM317 adjustable regulator which has a voltage-drop of about 3v between the IN and
OUT terminals. If the battery voltage is 12v, the circuit will deliver about 9v at 20mA. The regulator
has an internal voltage reference of 1.25v between OUT and ADJUST pins and when a resistor is
placed between the OUT pin and the circuit being supplied, the current flowing through the resistor
will produce a voltage-drop. As the current required by the circuit increases, the voltage across this
resistor will increase. When it is 1.25v, the current will be 20mA. If the current increases due to the
output resistance decreasing, the voltage across the resistor increases and the LN317 reduces the
output voltage. This causes the current to reduce to 20mA. This is how the circuit produces a
constant current.
The output current can be changed to any value according to the formula shown below.
to Index
ADJUSTABLE VOLTAGE AND CURRENT LIMITING

The single regulator in this circuit will provide a variable voltage
from 1.225v to 12v or more, depending on the voltage of the plug
pack and the zener diode. The current will also depend on the
rating of the plug pack.
As soon as the current reaches the limit set by the 100R pot, the
BC547 transistor starts to turn on and rob the regulator of voltage
on the Adj pin. The output voltage starts to reduce. If the output is
shorted, the output voltage will reduce to almost zero.
to Index
MAINS DETECTOR
This circuit will detect active mains at 15cm. Mains wiring must
not be touched. Many CMOS chips can be used for this purpose.
CD 4017, 4020, 4040 as they all have very sensitive inputs.

100 IC Circuits
to Index
PHOER
This
to Index

100 IC Circuits
LOGIC GATES
It's very handy to remember that all the logic
gates can be made from a Quad NAND gate
such as CD4011.
to Index
Circuit Symbols
The list below covers almost every symbol you will find on an electronic circuit diagram. It allows you to
identify a symbol and also draw circuits. It is a handy reference and has some symbols that have never had a
symbol before, such as a Flashing LED and electroluminescence panel.
Once you have identified a symbol on a diagram you will need to refer to specification sheets to identify each
lead on the actual component.
The symbol does not identify the actual pins on the device. It only shows the component in the circuit and
how it is wired to the other components, such as input line, output, drive lines etc. You cannot relate the
shape or size of the symbol with the component you have in your hand or on the circuit-board.
Sometimes a component is drawn with each pin in the same place as on the chip etc. But this is rarely the
case.
Most often there is no relationship between the position of the lines on the circuit and the pins on the
component.
That’s what makes reading a circuit so complex.
This is very important to remember with transistors, voltage regulators, chips and so many other components
as the position of the pins on the symbol are not in the same places as the pins or leads on the component and
sometimes the pins have different functions according to the manufacturer. Sometimes the pin numbering is
different according to the component, such as positive and negative regulators.
You must to refer to the manufacturer’s specification sheet to identify each pin, to be sure you have
identified them correctly.
Colin Mitchell
CIRCUIT SYMBOLS
Some additional symbols have been added to the following list. See Circuit Symbols on the index of
Talking Electronics.com for the latest additions.

100 IC Circuits

100 IC Circuits

100 IC Circuits

100 IC Circuits
to Index
IC PINOUTS
The following list covers just a few of the IC's on the market and these are the "simple" or "basic" or "digital" or "op-amp" IC's
suitable for experimenting.
When designing a circuit around an IC, you have to remember two things:
1. Is the IC still available? and
2. Can the circuit be designed around a microcontroller?
Sometimes a circuit using say 3 or 4 IC's can be re-designed around an 8-pin or 16-pin microcontroller and the program can be
be kept from prying eyes due to a feature called "code protection." A microcontroller project is more up-to-date, can be
cheaper and can be re-programmed to alter the features.
This will be covered in the next eBook. It is worth remembering - as it is the way of the future.

100 IC Circuits

100 IC Circuits
to Index
All the resistor colours:
This is called the "normal" or "3 colour-band" (5%) range. If you want the 4 colour-band (1%) series, refer to
Talking Electronics website and click: Resistors 1% on the left index. Or you can use the table below.

100 IC Circuits

100 IC Circuits
to Index
MAKE ANY RESISTOR VALUE:

If you don't have the exact resistor value for a project, don't worry. Most circuits
will work with a value slightly higher or lower.
But if you want a particular value and it is not available, here is a chart.
Use 2 resistors in series or parallel as shown:
Required Series/ Actual

R1 R2
Value Parallel value:
10 4R7 S 4R7 9R4
12 10 S 2R2 12R2
15 22 P 47 14R9
18 22 P 100 18R
22 10 S 12 22
27 22 S 4R7 26R7
33 22 S 10 32R
39 220 P 47 38R7
47 22 S 27 49
56 47 S 10 57
68 33 P 33 66
82 27 P 56 83
There are other ways to combine 2 resistors in parallel or series to get a

particular value. The examples above are just one way.
4R7 = 4.7 ohms
to Index
MAKE ANY CAPACITOR VALUE:

If you don't have the exact capacitor value for a project, don't worry. Most
circuits will work with a value slightly higher or lower.
But if you want a particular value and it is not available, here is a chart.
Use 2 capacitors in series or parallel as shown:
Required Series/ Actual

C1 C2
Value Parallel value:
10 4.7 P 4.7 9.4
12 10 P 2.2 12.2
15 22 S 47 14.9
18 22 S 100 18
22 10 P 12 22
27 22 P 4.7 26.7
33 22 P 10 32
39 220 S 47 38.7
47 22 P 27 49
56 47 P 10 57
68 33 S 33 66
82 27 S 56 83
The value "10" in the chart above can be 10p, 10n or 10u. The chart works for
all decades (values).

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100 IC Circuits

For our other three free eBooks,

See TALKING ELECTRONICS WEBSITE

email Colin Mitchell: talking@tpg.com.au

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RESISTOR COLOUR CODE

Here is the pin identification for each pin:

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Faults with Chip:

HOW TO USE THE 555

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The graph applies to the following Astable circuit:

Using the graph:

Suppose R1 = 10k, R2 = 100k and C = 1u

555 astable frequencies

0.001µ 100kHz 10kHz 1kHz

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The simplest Astable uses one resistor

LOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATORS

If the capacitor is replaced with an

555 Delay Times:

10µ 2.2sec 10sec 22sec

555 ASTABLE OSCILLATORS

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SQUARE WAVE OSCILLATOR

A square wave oscillator kit can be purchased

555 Monostable or "one Shot"

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50 555 Circuits eBook can be accessed on the web or downloaded

Table of Contents: (more has been added - see: 50 - 555 circuits)

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KNOCK KNOCK DOORBELL

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BFO METAL DETECTOR

Copyright Rev. Thomas Scarborough

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SIMPLE BFO METAL LOCATOR

1.5v to 5v PHONE CHARGER

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The AA case and 4 adapter leads - cost: $3.00!!

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Sometimes it is better to use something that is already

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USING A VOLTAGE REGULATOR

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FLASH LEDS FOR 20 SECONDS

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ACTIVATE VIA 3 PHONE RINGS

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WATER LEVEL PUMP CONTROLLER

See the full article:

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ACTIVE FOR 1 SECOND

THE DOMINO EFFECT see full project HERE

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introduction of the electret microphone. They used a crystal earpiece.

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