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Digital Logic

1. The document discusses several basic digital logic components including half adders, full adders, decoders, encoders, multiplexers, registers, counters, and flip-flops. 2. It provides definitions and brief descriptions of each component, including their functions, inputs/outputs, and basic designs. 3. Examples or diagrams are given for several components, such as a 4x1 multiplexer, parallel in/parallel out register, asynchronous counter circuit, and a latch.

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IS-HAK SULEMAN BAAKO
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© © All Rights Reserved
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91 views

Digital Logic

1. The document discusses several basic digital logic components including half adders, full adders, decoders, encoders, multiplexers, registers, counters, and flip-flops. 2. It provides definitions and brief descriptions of each component, including their functions, inputs/outputs, and basic designs. 3. Examples or diagrams are given for several components, such as a 4x1 multiplexer, parallel in/parallel out register, asynchronous counter circuit, and a latch.

Uploaded by

IS-HAK SULEMAN BAAKO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CKT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED SCIENCES

DIGITAL LOGIC
COMPUTER SCIENCE
BAAKO SULEMAN IS-HAK
FMS/0058/17
a. HALF ADDER
Half adder is a combinational arithmetic circuit that adds two numbers
and produces a sum bit (S) and carry bit (C) as the output. If A and B are
the input bits, then sum bit (S) is the X-OR of A and B and the carry bit (C)
will be the AND of A and B. it is the simplest of all adder circuit but It has a
disadvantage of taking only two inputs. (Anish. K et al. 2012.
www.circuitstoday.com/half-adder).

b. FULL ADDER
Full adder is a logic circuit that adds two input operand bits plus a Carry in
bit and outputs a Carry out bit and a sum bit. The Sum out (Sout) of a full
adder is the XOR of input operand bits A, B and the Carry in (Cin) bit. A full
adder can be made by combining two half adder circuits together. (Anish.
K et al. 2012. www.circuitstoday.com/full-adder).
c. Decoder
Decoder is a combinational circuit that converts binary
information from n input lines to a maximum of 20 unique out put
lines. A decoder can take the form of a multiple -input, multiple-
out put logic circuits that converts coded inputs into coded
outputs where the input and output codes are different.

A DECODER.
(Kuphalt, 2007 4th edition, PP 282-286)

d. Encoder
 Encoders (or binary encoders) are the combinational circuits that are
used to change the applied input signal into a coded format at the output.
These digital circuits come under the category of medium scale
integrated circuit.
Basically, these are used to minimize the number of data lines as well as to
code the input data.
(Roshni Y. Digital Electronics , electronics.com /encoders)

e. Multiplexer
Multiplexer is a combinational circuit that has maximum of 2n data inputs,
‘n’ selection lines and single output line. One of these data inputs will be connected to
the output based on the values of selection lines.
Since there are ‘n’ selection lines, there will be 2n possible combinations of zeros and
ones. So, each combination will select only one data input. Multiplexer is also called
as Mux.
4x1 Multiplexer
(www.tutorialspoint.com/digital_circuits/digital_circuits_multiple
xers.htm)

f. Registers are a collection of flip flop. A flip flop is used to store


single bit digital data. For storing large number of bits, the storage
capacity is increased by grouping more than one flip flops. If we
want to store an n-bit word, we have to use an n-bit register
containing n number of flip flops. The register is used to perform
different types of operation. For performing the operations, the
CPU uses these registers. Faded inputs to the system is always
stored in the registers. (Register-digital-electronics.
Javapoint.com/registers-digital-electronics)
Parallel in/parallel out
Register
g. A counter is a device which stores and sometimes displays the
number of times a particular event or process has occurred, often in
relationship to a clock. The most common type is a sequential digital
logic circuit with an input line called the clock and multiple output
lines. The values on the output lines represent a number in
the binary system. Each pulse applied to the clock
input increments or decrements the number in the counter. Counters
are generally classified as synchronous or asynchronous. In
synchronous counters, all flip flops share a common clock and
change state at the same time. In asynchronous counters each flip-
flop has a unique clock and the flip-flop states change at different.

An asynchronous counter circuit is illustrated below


(Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/counter-digital )

h. A flip-flop also known as  latch is a circuit that has two stable states


and can be used to store state information (a bistable multivibrator).
The circuit can be made to change state by signals applied to one or
more control inputs and will have one or two outputs. It is the basic
storage element in sequential logic. A flip flop is a device which
stores a single bit of data.it can either be level -triggered or edge
triggered Flip-flops are fundamental building blocks of digital
electronics systems used in computers, communications, and many
other types of systems.

Latch

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