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Problem Set 5: Fluid Mechanics (CE 203)

This document contains 16 questions related to fluid mechanics concepts including: 1) Determining the Reynolds number and flow regime for oil flow in a pipe 2) Using Buckingham pi theorem to deduce how pressure drop varies with pipe diameter 3) Using dimensional analysis to determine the relationship between oscillation frequency of a floating cylinder and variables like diameter and mass 4) Finding expressions for drag force on a smooth sphere and velocity through a circular orifice using dimensional analysis methods

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Deepika Deepu
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
79 views

Problem Set 5: Fluid Mechanics (CE 203)

This document contains 16 questions related to fluid mechanics concepts including: 1) Determining the Reynolds number and flow regime for oil flow in a pipe 2) Using Buckingham pi theorem to deduce how pressure drop varies with pipe diameter 3) Using dimensional analysis to determine the relationship between oscillation frequency of a floating cylinder and variables like diameter and mass 4) Finding expressions for drag force on a smooth sphere and velocity through a circular orifice using dimensional analysis methods

Uploaded by

Deepika Deepu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem Set 5: Fluid Mechanics (CE 203)

Q1. For oil (sp. gravity 0.86 and viscosity 0.025 Ns/m2) flow of 0.3m3/s through a round pipe with
diameter of 500mm, determine the Reynold’s number. Is the flow laminar or turbulent?
Q2. The pressure drop p , along a straight pipe of diameter D has been experimentally studied,
and it is observed that for laminar flow of a given fluid and pipe the pressure drop varies directly
with the distance, l, between pressure taps. Assume that p is a function of D and l, the velocity
,V and the fluid viscosity  . Use Buckingham pi theorem to deduce how the pressure drop varies
with pipe diameter.
Q3. A cylinder with a diameter D floats vertically in a liquid. When the cylinder is displaced
slightly along a vertical axis, it will slightly oscillate about its equilibrium position with a
frequency  . Assume that this frequency is a function of the diameter D, mass of the cylinder m,
specific weight  of the liquid. Determine with the aid of dimensional analysis, how the frequency
is related to the variables. If the mass of the cylinder is increased, how will the frequency term
behave?
Q4. Using Rayleigh’s method of dimensional analysis, find an expression for drag force on smooth
sphere of diameter D, moving with a uniform velocity V in a fluid of density  and dynamic
viscosity  .

Q5. Using Buckingham’s 𝜋 theorem, show that the velocity through a circular orifice is given by
𝐷 𝜇
𝑉 = √2𝑔ℎ 𝜙 [𝐻 , 𝜌𝑉𝐻] where H= Head causing flow, D= Diameter of the orifice, 𝜇= Co-efficient
of viscosity, 𝜌= Mass density and g= acceleration due to gravity.
Q6. The resisting force F of a plane during flight can be considered as dependent upon the length
of the aircraft l, velocity v, air density ρ and bulk modulus of air K. Express the functional
relationship between these variables and the resisting force using dimensional analysis. Explain
the physical meaning of the dimensional groups.
Q7. Derive on the basis of dimensional analysis suitable parameters to present the thrust
developed by a propeller. Assume that the thrust P depends upon the angular velocity ω, speed of
advance V, diameter D, dynamic viscosity 𝜇, mass density ρ, elasticity of the fluid medium
which can be denoted by the speed of sound in the medium C.
Q8. The efficiency 𝜂 of a fan depends on the density ρ, the dynamic viscosity 𝜇 of the fluid, the
angular velocity ω, diameter D of the rotor and the discharge Q. Express 𝜂 in terms of
dimensionless parameters.

Q9. Oil of viscosity 0.1 Pa.s and specific gravity 0.90 flows through a horizontal pipe of 25 mm
diameter. If the pressure drop per meter length of the pipe is 12 k Pa, determine (a) the rate of flow
in N/min;(b) the shear stress at the pipe wall;(c) the Reynold’s number of the flow .
Q10. Determine the nature of the distribution of shear stress at a cross section in a horizontal
circular pipe under steady flow conditions. For steady laminar flow (a) what is the relation between
velocity at a point in the cross section of the pipe and the velocity at the center of the pipe. (b)
Derive the equation for velocity distribution.
Q11. For a fully developed laminar pipe flow in a circular pipe, the velocity profile is given by
 r2 
u (r )  2 1  2  in m/s, where R is the inner radius of the pipe. Assuming that the pipe diameter
 R 
is 4 cm, find the maximum and the average velocities in the pipe as well as the volume flow rate.
Q12. Glycerin at 200 C flows upward in a vertical 75 mm diameter pipe with a center line velocity
of 1 m/s. Determine the head loss and the pressure drop in a 10 m length of the pipe.
Q13. Find an approximate expression for mixing length distribution in turbulent flow in a pipe
from Prandtl’s one seventh power law.
Q14. The water surface levels at the A and C reservoirs are respectively ZA=100 m and ZC= 70
for the given three-reservoir system. Reservoirs A and B are feeding reservoir C and QA = QB.
Calculate the water surface level of the reservoir B. Draw the energy line of the system. The
physical characteristics of the pipes are,
Q15. A 300 mm pipeline 1500 m long is laid between two reservoirs having a difference of
surface elevation of 24. The maximum discharge obtainable through this line is 0.15m3 /sec.
When this pipe is looped with a 600 m pipe of the same size and material laid parallel and
connected to it, what increase of discharge may be expected?

Q16. The discharges in the AB and AC pipes are respectively Q1=50 lt/sec and Q2=80 lt/sec for
the pipe system given. The required pressure at the B and C outlets is 200 kPa and the geometric
elevations for these points are ZB= 50 m and ZC= 45 m. The physical characteristics of the pipe
system are,

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