First Quarter-Module 2-Lesson 4-21st Century Literature From The Philippines and The World
First Quarter-Module 2-Lesson 4-21st Century Literature From The Philippines and The World
First Quarter-Module 2-Lesson 4-21st Century Literature From The Philippines and The World
MELC 2: Compare and contrast the various 21st century literary genres and the ones from the
earlier genres/periods citing their elements, structure and tradition.
Specific Objectives:
1) Distinguish literary elements, structure, and tradition of fiction and poetry; 2) Describe
the literary elements, structure and tradition of earlier genre of fiction and 21 st century
poetry; and
3) Reflect on the changes of the literary elements, structure, and tradition through times.
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks,
etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been
exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright
owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
I. Introduction
Central to the development of literacy is the foundation of literature through which time
periods become unfolded to and reflected by the readers like you. However, literature,
particularly in the Philippines has gone various changes as a result of catastrophic colonization.
These changes are seen in the writings of modern Filipino writers today particularly in their use
of the literary elements, structure, and traditions in which flexibility and personal style are
incorporated. Consequently, there is a needfor modern readers like you to be able to compare
and contrast the 21st century Philippine literary genres and the ones from the earlier genres
citing their literary elements, structure, and traditions.
Particularly, this module provides you fun activities and comprehensive discussion for you
to:
distinguish literary elements, structure, and tradition of fiction and poetry;
describe the literary elements, structure and tradition of earlier genre of fiction and
21st century poetry; and
reflect on the changes of the literary elements, structure, and tradition through times
At the end of this module, you are expected to provide acomparison-contrast paragraph
about earlier genre of fiction and 21st century poetry citing their literary elements, structure, and
tradition.
II. Pre-Test
Hi! You may be facing a hard time combating our present situation but I hope that you
are still full-geared as we take our learning journey in a few-minute. Just always remember to
be patient and eager to all the activities provided for you because these are the qualities of a
learner who succeed in this journey. If you are ready, let’s go to the first activity!
Score:10+- Excellent!
5-9- Very good!
4-below- It’s okay! You can do it better next time.
Great! You surpassed the first activity. I hope that you still remember what you have
learned from the previous module because you need them in the next activity.
Look Back
-Setting - Climax
- Characters - Falling action
-Conflict - Resolution Born clueless; lived
-Exposition - Point-of-view poor; died brave.
- Rising action - Freytag
- non-linear - in-medias res
Score: 10 - Excellent! You got it all!
8&9 - Very good! Partially correct!
7-below - Kindly re-learn the previous lesson before you proceed to the next activity.
One of the strategies to get the meaning of an unfamiliar word is to find its synonyms.
Unlock the unfamiliar words to better understand the selections that you will be reading after
this activity.
Score: 5 - Excellent!
3&4 - Very good!
2-below - It’s okay! There are still more activities to come.
Study These
Princess Urduja
Pangasinan was a kingdom ruled by King Dalisay who had two children, a son and a
daughter. The king was growing old and his worry was about which of his children would rule
his kingdom upon his death. He was old and getting older and did not expect to live long.
Looking at his son, he asked “Son do you think you can rule the kingdom when I am
gone?” Seeing that his son was weak, he went further. “You know our enemies are strong.
They are powerful and get from you everything that belongs to the kingdom. You and your
sister will have to fight and lead our men to battle and protect the kingdom. Not to do so will
mean we will lose everything.”
The prince was silent but his sister, Princess Urduja was scornful of her brother who
lacked the leadership that she inherited from their father.
Even before they have finished their conversation, a runner had come with the news that
the enemy was at the edge of the kingdom, ready for the attack.
Crying loud and clear, the princess ran to her father and on bended knees, she pleaded,
“Father, let me lead the men in the battle. Only say the word, father, and I promise victory of
the kingdom.”
Looking at his son with a heavy heart, he said yes to Princess Urduja who easily won the
battle. After this first battle, she began training her own army. There were more armies to
conquer, more land and lives to protect. This was just the beginning.
When king Dalisay died, she took over as ruler. She waged many victorious battles against
the kingdom’s enemies. In fact, she was able to extend her kingdom to the areas in Northern
Luzon. Her exploits were known all over Asia. To the advice that she get married so that she
could have a successor to the throne, she could only smile and offer the challenge that she
would marry only the one who beats her in a fair fight.
In addition, because of her victories, she became rich. She was intelligent. She talked with
foreigners to know what lay beyond the seas of her country’s islands. She was good at
learning languages. It is said she could speak Arabic. It was a wonder how this Malayan
woman was so brave, brilliant, and so good at ruling her kingdom.
Source: Helen Ponce de Leon Ladera, et.al. The New Dimensions in Learning
English: A Series for Philippine Secondary Schools.(Manila: Rex Book Store, 2003),
101-102.
1. Do you admire the main character in the story? Why or why not?
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2. What is the major event of the story?
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3. What does the story mean to you?
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4. How was the flow of the story narrated?
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5. How does this folktale resemble the pre-colonial period?
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The story you have just read is an old account of Philippine literature where past events
were narrated and recorded. This is also comparable to the new accounts of Philippine literature
where new styles are born and redeveloped. If you want to learn more about this let us read the
discussion below.
Philippine literature has gone through a lot of changes as mirrored from the history. With the
absence of formal education during the pre-colonial era, our forbearers spend their time telling
narratives such as myths and folktales. These were passed though the word of mouth and
became an oral tradition in literature. This also madefiction one of the earlier genres in literature.
However,as colonization took place, formal education sprouted and people started to develop a
more modern art of writing which paved away to written tradition. This is where literature
becomes an archive of culture through times. When Filipinos won independence, lifestyle has
changed and so as the literature. As part of the global requirement to keep pace of technology,
especially in the 21st century era, people learn to upgrade and “customize” their skills in oral and
written narration.An example for this is poetrywhich is one of the most resilient literary genres of
all times.Ithas special qualities which convey in-depth messages in a creative and endearing
manner perfectly meant for this era where people love a dose of unique entertainment in a daily
basis.
Both earlier forms of fiction and 21st century poetry follow certain elements, structures,
and traditions.The following are some of their general features:
Source: Perfecting your Craft, “Story Structure: Three Models for Your Book”, reedsyblog,
accessed July 20, 2018, https://blog.reedsy.com/story-
structure/#:~:text=While%20it%20resembles%20Freytag's%20Pyramid,straight%20i nto%20the
%20rising%20action.
Source: Emma Doherty, “Modern Poetry Is Much Different Than It Used To Be”,
Thought Catalog, accessed July 24, 2017.
https://thoughtcatalog.com/emmadoherty/2017/07/modern-poetry-is-much-different-than-it-
used-to-be/
In literature, nothing is constant and so the characteristics above may still vary depending
on the selection. Here are some additional points to spot similarities and differences of fiction
and poetry.
There are some poems with stories and some fictions with rhymes. It can be seen in
epics in the earlier era and some spoken-word poems (a poem which purpose is to
convey message orally for the audience) and children stories in the 21stcentury literature.
In this case, you can add fiction’s elements and structure for poems and vice versa.
Not all poems are descriptive; it can also be persuasive just like verse journalism (a social
or political issue presented in a poetic form).
It is not at all times true that oral tradition only happened in the pre-colonial era and
written tradition in the modern era. There were also narratives carved in woods or
engraved in stones using symbols and old alphabets during precolonial era and oral
tradition in the modern era.
Source: Ma. Lourdes Tayao, et.al.,21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the
World. (Quezon City: C & E Publishing Inc., 2017), 138-139
Source: Andrew Gil, “Quraysh Ali Lansana talks about his work and the ‘Verse
Journalism’ project”, WBEZ, accessed April 2, 2012.
https://www.wbez.org/stories/quraysh-ali-lansana-talks-about-his-work-and-theverse-
journalism-project/ad9c1ba0-f753-4d37-9f84-5be8d0df981c
Source: Aurelia Blake, “Elements of Spoken Word Poetry”, Prezi, accessed February
19, 2015. https://prezi.com/jwdvg_h5ihs4/elements-of-spoken-word-poetry/
Enrichment Activities
Source: Ernesto Thaddeus Solmerano, et.al.,21st Century Literature from the Philippines
and the World.(Manila: OBE Publishing Inc., 2016), 179-181
Let us try to dig deeper into it as you go along with the activities. Good luck!
II. Structure
III. Tradition
1. Do you think the selection for spoken-word poetry tells a story? Why?
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3. Do they have the same tone? Describe the tone of the two selections.
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Score: 5 – Excellent
3&4 – Very good!
2 below – It’s okay! Let’s analyze the question again.
Activity 8. Oh Let’s twin the concept!
Think of other genre of literature in which you can resemble folktale and spoken-word
poetry. Provide some of their similarities elements, structure, and tradition. Write your answer in
your notebook.
I. Elements I. Elements
Score: 6 - Excellent!
3 - 5- Very good!
2 - below-It’s okay! You can do it next time.
Generalization
Learning is useless without reflection. You must be able to situate every concept or
information through real-life context. Can you do it this time? Don’t worry there is no single
correct answer for this activity.
Activity 9. Let’s do a double-bubble map challenge!
Draw this double-bubble map in your notebook. Write a descriptive word in each circle
which describes similarities of these two periods in literature in the connected circles and
differences in the outer circles.
Application
Can you still recall what you have learned from the beginning of this module? At this point,
you will be asked to apply your learning to prepare you for a more independent learning.
IV. Assessment
Amazing! I know from the start that you will come this far. But we are not yet done. This
is the major task you have to take.