Requirements For Medium-Voltage Transformers and Transformers For Internal Power Supply For Sunny Central and Sunny Central Storage
Requirements For Medium-Voltage Transformers and Transformers For Internal Power Supply For Sunny Central and Sunny Central Storage
Requirements For Medium-Voltage Transformers and Transformers For Internal Power Supply For Sunny Central and Sunny Central Storage
Table of Contents
1 Information on this Document..................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Validity ............................................................................................................................................................. 3
1.2 Limited statutory warranty ............................................................................................................................... 3
2 Technical requirements for the MV transformer........................................................................ 4
2.1 General Requirements..................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Requirements for two-winding transformers used to connect one inverter ................................................... 5
2.3 Requirements for four-winding transformers used to connect two inverters ................................................. 6
2.4 Requirements for multi-winding transformers used to connect three inverters.............................................. 8
2.5 Requirements for multi-winding transformers used to connect four inverters................................................ 8
3 Technical requirements for the transformer for internal power supply .................................. 9
3.1 General Requirements..................................................................................................................................... 9
3.2 Requirements for the connection to the park-side utility grid ........................................................................ 9
3.3 Requirements for the connection to the AC output of the inverter ................................................................ 10
4 Appendix ...................................................................................................................................... 11
4.1 Technical data of the inverter ......................................................................................................................... 11
4.2 Technical Data of the Transformers ................................................................................................................ 15
☐ The low‑voltage windings of the MV transformer must be designed for voltages that are capable of a rate of rise
in voltage dV/dt of up to 500 V/µs to ground. The line-to-line voltages are sinusoidal.
☐ It is recommended to provide a shield winding grounded on the tank between the low‑voltage windings and the
high‑voltage windings. This serves as an additional dV/dt filter.
☐ Each inverter requires a separate, galvanically insulated low-voltage winding. Therefore, the parallel operation of
several inverters on one low-voltage winding is not permissible.
☐ The voltages at the low-voltage windings of the MV transformer must match the AC output voltage of the inverter
(see Section 4.1 "Technical data of the inverter", page 11).
☐ The voltage level on the high-voltage side of the MV transformer must be selected according to the grid-
connection point. The MV transformer must be connected to the medium-voltage grid or the high-voltage grid.
Connection to the low-voltage grid is not permissible.
☐ When connecting to the medium-voltage grid, the use of a MV transformer with tap changer on the high voltage
side is recommended. MV transformer with tap changer on the high-voltage side enables an adaptation to the
voltage level of the medium-voltage grid.
☐ The MV transformer must be rated according to the temperature-dependent power behavior of the inverter.
☐ For thermal design, the load curve of the MV transformer and the ambient conditions at the respective mounting
location must be taken into account. When operating with an additional reactive power supply, the increased
loads in the design of the MV transformer are to be observed (for information about the reactive power supply of
the inverter, see the inverter documentation).
☐ When designing the MV transformer for use with the Sunny Central Storage, it is important to remember that due
to battery operation the MV transformer hardly cools down at all at night.
☐ The MV transformer must be designed for the AC output currents of the inverter (see Section 4.1 "Technical data
of the inverter", page 11).
☐ If grounding of the MV transformer on the medium voltage side is required, the type of grounding regarding the
entire system including the MV transformer must be taken into consideration.
☐ The consequences of any error, such as a short circuit, ground fault or voltage failure, must be taken into account
when considering the overall system.
☐ The country-specific power frequency must be taken into account.
☐ The applicable country-specific standards and directives must be taken into account.
☐ SMA reserves the right to measure the currents of the sine-wave filter capacitors during commissioning and, if
necessary, to optimize the entire system.
☐ The relative impedance voltage Vk of the MV transformer between grid-connection point and AC output of the
inverter must be between the minimum value Vk min and the maximum value Vk max. The relative impedance voltage
is based the nominal power of the MV transformer (see Section 4.2 "Technical Data of the Transformers",
page 15).
A B C
D
G
E F
Position Designation
A Core
B Low-voltage winding 1
C High-voltage winding 1
D Shield winding 1
E Low-voltage winding 2
Position Designation
F High-voltage winding 2
G Shield winding 2
☐ Four-winding transformers with varying vector groups can be used. The following vector groups are recommended
for handling the corresponding neutral points.
Insulated neutral point on Resonant grounding on medium- Low-resistance grounded
medium-voltage side voltage side neutral point
Dy11y11, Dy5y5, Dy1y1, Dd0d0, YNy0y0 YNy0y0
Dd6d6 YNd11d11, YNd5d5, YNd1d1
Yd11d11, Yd5d5, Yd1d1
• If there is a neutral-point terminal on the low-voltage side, this neutral-point terminal must not be grounded or
connected.
☐ Four-winding transformers must be designed for an asymmetrical load flow in the low-voltage systems. This means
that for long-term operation, the transformer must be designed for the feed-in of one inverter only.
☐ Four-winding transformers must be designed for the use of inverters of the Sunny Central Storage series so that full
power can be fed in at one of the low-voltage windings and that full power can be used at the other low-voltage
winding. The transformer must be designed for continuous operation in this operating state.
☐ The relative impedance voltage Vk of the MV transformer between grid-connection point and AC output of the
inverter must be between the minimum value Vk min and the maximum value Vk max. The relative impedance voltage
is based on half the nominal power of the MV transformer (see Section 4.2 "Technical Data of the Transformers",
page 15).
☐ The difference of the relative impedance voltages between the grid-connection point of the AC outputs of the two
inverters must not exceed 0.5% (see Section 4.2 "Technical Data of the Transformers", page 15).
☐ The value of the relative impedance voltage Vk 1-2 between the two low-voltage winding must be at least 9%. The
impedance voltage is based on half the nominal power of the MV transformer. This value can be determined by
shorting a low-voltage winding and increasing the voltage on the other low-voltage winding until the nominal
current of a low-voltage system flows. During this time, the high-voltage windings are in no-load operation.
Figure 5: Circuit diagram for determining the impedance voltage Uk 1-2 in four-winding transformers (example)
General Requirements
☐ The transformer for internal power supply must be of three-phase design.
☐ The secondary side of the transformer for internal power supply must supply a voltage of 230 V/400 V (3/N/PE)
to connect to the inverter.
☐ The transformer for internal power supply must be designed for an asymmetric load of 80%.
☐ A transformer for internal power supply with the Dyn5 or Dyn11 vector group is recommended.
☐ A shield winding that has to be grounded at the enclosure must be provided between the windings of the
transformer for internal power supply.
☐ The transformer for internal power supply must be equipped with an external protection against overload.
☐ The ambient conditions of the transformer for internal power supply must be taken into account.
☐ The country-specific power frequencies must be taken into account.
☐ The applicable country-specific standards and directives must be taken into account.
☐ The transformer for internal power supply must provide a power of at least 8.4 kVA per inverter.
☐ Several inverters can be supplied by one transformer for internal power supply if this transformer can provide a
power of at least 8.4 kV per inverter.
☐ The transformer for internal power supply must have external short-circuit protection ensuring that any potential
short-circuit currents are limited to 10.0 kA at the inverter.
Figure 6: Connection of the transformer for internal power supply to the park-side utility grid
☐ For the connection to the park-side utility grid, the primary voltage of the transformer for internal power supply
must be equal to the grid voltage.
Figure 7: Connection of the transformer for internal power supply to the inverter's AC output
☐ The primary voltages of the transformer for internal power supply must correspond to the AC output voltages of
the inverter (see Section 4.1 "Technical data of the inverter", page 11).
☐ On the primary side, the transformer for internal power supply must be suitable for the pulsed mode of an inverter.
☐ On the primary side, the transformer for internal power supply must be suitable for voltages that arise from pulsed
mode of the inverter.
☐ The power connection used must have suitable insulation resistance since voltages to ground of ±2,400 V at the
most occur when the inverter is in pulsed mode (see Section 4.1 "Technical data of the inverter", page 11).
☐ On the primary side, the transformer for internal power supply must be designed for voltages reaching a rate of
rise in voltage dV/dt of up to 500 V/µs to ground. The line-to-line voltages are sinusoidal.
☐ The windings of the transformer for internal power supply must be galvanically insulated. Do not use
autotransformers.
4 Appendix
4.1 Technical data of the inverter
Sunny Central
Inverter type DC voltage AC voltage AC peak volt- AC current
age to
ground at 35°C at 50°C
Sunny Central UP
Inverter type DC voltage AC voltage AC peak volt- AC current
age to
ground at 35°C at 50°C
Sunny Central US
Inverter type DC voltage AC voltage AC peak volt- AC current
age to
ground at 35°C at 50°C
Sunny Central UP-US
Inverter type DC voltage AC voltage AC peak volt- AC current
age to
ground at 35°C at 50°C
Sunny Central Storage
Inverter type DC voltage AC voltage AC peak volt- AC current
age to
ground at 25°C at 50°C
Sunny Central Storage UP
Inverter type DC voltage AC voltage AC peak volt- AC current
age to
ground at 25°C at 50°C
Sunny Central Storage US
Inverter type DC voltage AC voltage AC peak volt- AC current
age to
ground at 25°C at 50°C
Sunny Central UP
Type of the Two-winding transformers Four-winding transformers
Inverter
Vk min Vk nom Vk max Vk min Vk nom Vk max Vk dif max Vk 1-2 min
SC 2660 UP 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SC 2800 UP 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SC 2930 UP 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SC 3060 UP 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SC 4000 UP 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SC 4200 UP 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SC 4400 UP 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SC 4600 UP 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
Sunny Central US
Type of the Two-winding transformers Four-winding transformers
Inverter
Vk min Vk nom Vk max Vk min Vk nom Vk max Vk dif max Vk 1-2 min
SC 1760-US 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SC 1850-US 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SC 2000-US 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SC 2000-EV-US 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SC 2200-US 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SC 2500-EV-US 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SC 2750-EV-US 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
Sunny Central UP-US
Type of the Two-winding transformers Four-winding transformers
Inverter
Vk min Vk nom Vk max Vk min Vk nom Vk max Vk dif max Vk 1-2 min
SC 2660 UP-US 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SC 2750 UP-US 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SC 2800 UP-US 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SC 2930 UP-US 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SC 3060 UP-US 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SC 4000 UP-US 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SC 4200 UP-US 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SC 4400 UP-US 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SC 4600 UP-US 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
Sunny Central Storage
Type of the Two-winding transformers Four-winding transformers
Inverter
Vk min Vk nom Vk max Vk min Vk nom Vk max Vk dif max Vk 1-2 min
SCS 1900 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SCS 2200 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SCS 2475 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SCS 2500-EV 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SCS 2750-EV 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SCS 2900 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SCS 3000-EV 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
Sunny Central Storage UP
Type of the Two-winding transformers Four-winding transformers
Inverter
Vk min Vk nom Vk max Vk min Vk nom Vk max Vk dif max Vk 1-2 min
SCS 2750 UP 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SCS 3450 UP 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SCS 3600 UP 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SCS 3800 UP 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SCS 3950 UP 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
Sunny Central Storage UP-XT
Type of the Two-winding transformers Four-winding transformers
Inverter
Vk min Vk nom Vk max Vk min Vk nom Vk max Vk dif max Vk 1-2 min
SCS 2300 UP-XT 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SCS 2400 UP-XT 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SCS 2530 UP-XT 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SCS 2630 UP-XT 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SCS 3450 UP-XT 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SCS 3600 UP-XT 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SCS 3800 UP-XT 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SCS 3950 UP-XT 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
Sunny Central Storage US
Type of the Two-winding transformers Four-winding transformers
Inverter
Vk min Vk nom Vk max Vk min Vk nom Vk max Vk dif max Vk 1-2 min
SCS 2200-US 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SCS 2475-US 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SCS 2500-EV-US 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SCS 2750-EV-US 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SCS 2900-US 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 5.0 % 6.0 % 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
Sunny Central Storage UP-US
Type of the Two-winding transformers Four-winding transformers
Inverter
Vk min Vk nom Vk max Vk min Vk nom Vk max Vk dif max Vk 1-2 min
SCS 2750 UP-US 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SCS 3450 UP-US 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SCS 3600 UP-US 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SCS 3800 UP-US 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
SCS 3950 UP-US 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %
Sunny Central Storage UP-XT-US
Type of the Two-winding transformers Four-winding transformers
Inverter
Vk min Vk nom Vk max Vk min Vk nom Vk max Vk dif max Vk 1-2 min
SCS 2300 UP-XT-US 6.0 % - 8.5 % 6.0 % - 8.5 % 0.5 % 9.0 %