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 SIVN ARUN-3 POWER DEVELOPMENT COMPANY (SAPDC)

 Introduction
Arun 3 Hydropower is under construction project constructed by
SJVN Arun III Power Development Company Private Limited (a
wholly owned subsidiary of SJVN Ltd) in Nepal at the Arun River.
The Arun-III hydropower plant is being developed on the Arun River
in Sankhuwasabha District of Province 1, East Nepal. Arun 3 have
capacity to produce 900 Megawatt.Arun 3 hydropower is one of the
biggest hydropower till planned in history of Nepal. It is an export-
oriented project with a power generation capacity of 900 MW during
peak hour i.e 3-4 hours daily.
 Financial cost and profit
Estimated to cost more than $1.6 billon, the hydropower plant will
produce 4,018.87 million units of electricity a year. The project
secured financial closure in February 2020 when the governments of
India and Nepal signed an agreement. The project cost will include
an investment of more than $156 million to develop the transmission
line of 217 km connecting to Muzzafarpur, India. Maximum
Amount of the electricity produced here are transmitted to India
through transmission line. This project will provide 21.9% free
power to Government of Nepal and help in development of the
region by generating employment opportunities. The total estimated
financial benefits of Government of Nepal shall be of the order of
33,866 Cr. NPR. The share of the hydropower project which value is
equal to around 1.6 billion NPR is given to local people. The
developing country like Nepal can take a huge benefit from mega
project like this one. The financial condition Nepal cannot cover the
expense of the megaproject of the 900MW. Due to lack of finance it
was stopped from time to time. In 2013, SJVN was established with
 the aim to plan and promote organize and execute the Arun-
III power plant. The megaproject is once again continue with the
joint help of India.

 Procedure and Basis of the operation

SJCN Arun 3 Power Development Company is given the work for the
completion of 900 MW project of Arun hydropower, located at
Sankhuwasabha district. The maximum amount of electricity produce
here is meant to be transmitted to India through 217km transmission
line. 26747 sq.km of land belonging to The Government of Nepal and
the local residence is used for the construction of the mega project.
The project was stalled due to the lack of fund for mega
project, has been carrying out construction work at a fast pace after
Prime Minister KP Sharma Oil and Indian Prime Minister Narendra
Modi jointly laid the foundation stone for the project remotely. More
the 2400 workers are currently working on the construction site.
Among them, 1,700 are Nepali workers and technicians. The dam will
be 70 meters high and the headrace tunnel will be 11.7 km long. SJVN
said that workers were digging a 393-metre diversion tunnel to
channelize the water from the river to the dam at Fyaksinda Dobhan.
The project has awarded the contract to construct the diversion tunnel
and the dam to Jay Prakash Associates, an Indian company.
The output from the power plant will be transferred to the
Nepal-India border via a 217-km-long 400-kV double circuit
transmission line, which will be routed along Diding to Dhalkebar
towards Muzaffarpur in India. The estimated cost of erecting 501
towers for the power line that will be connected to the Dhalkebar-
Muzaffarpur transmission line is Rs 19.77 billion

Nepal will receive Rs 348 billion over 25 years from the project. The
project developer will also provide 21.9 percent of the energy free of
cost, which is worth Rs 155 billion, plus another Rs 107 billion in
royalties. A total of 269 project affected families will be 30 units each
of electricity for free every month and the project will generate 3,000
jobs, the Investment Board officials said.
 History

This mega project is approved by Nepali Congress in 1992. In

response to the concerns about macro-economic affordability, this
project was redesigned in 1992 as a two-stage project of 201 MW
each; this again being reconfirmed as part of the least cost plan in
1994. The total estimated cost of the project, as of 1994, was US $
1.08 billion, of which about two-thirds was committed by external
agencies, entirely in the form of grants and soft loans. A rough
calculation showed that the foreign assistance package had a seventy
percent subsidy element in it and the annual power generation from
the project at the prevailing power tariff at that time would yield
approximately five billion rupees. The Nepali Congress government
supported and approved the project after being satisfied with its
attractiveness.
Unfortunately, the project attracted unprecedented debate and
controversy both within and outside the country by a powerful
network of international non-governmental organizations. The
National Planning Commission (NPC) became the target of much
criticism for pursuing a wrong ‘mega projects’ policy in the hydro
sector, and negotiating this ‘expensive project’. The World Bank was
not convinced of the government’s commitment to the project. On
August 3, 1995, the new World Bank President James Wolfensohn
cancelled the project “in agreement with the Government of Nepal”.
After World Bank cancelled the project the works on the hydropower
project is stalled due to lack of funds. The bank pullout was the result
of factors including controversy surrounding the project’s
development cost, its necessity and suitableness for Nepal at that
time and political wrangling over a number of issues such as social
and environmental impacts of the project.
After the political change in 2006, Arun III was again promoted as an
export-centric project. The new installed capacity of the project was
increased to 900 megawatts from 402 megawatts. After evaluating
 the proposals received for the development of Arun III, the contract
was awarded to Sutluj Jal Vidyut Nigam (SJVN) Limited, a joint
venture between India’s central government and state government of
Himanchal Pradesh. As per the project development agreement
(PDA) the project would be operated under the built-own-operate-
transfer (BOOT) model and after 25 years of commercial production
of electricity, the ownership of Arun III would be transferred to the
Nepal government. When the company was awarded the contract,
SJVN reimbursed the money spent by Nepal government for the
feasibility study of the project.

 Salient Feature
I. Location
Arun 3 hydro plant project is located in in District of
Sankhuwasabha Province 1, East Nepal. The hydropower is
located at side of the river bank of Arun river, a tributary of
Koshi river. Hydropower is located around 70km from the
nearest airport, Tumlingtar,Nepal. Dam site and the
Powerhouse is also located in Sankhuwasabha district below
the dam. Transmission line are trasmittedf to India throuth
given path: Sankhuwasabha-Bhojpur-Khotang-Udaypur-
Siraha-Dhanusa-Mahottori.

Fig: transmission route fig: location of hydropower

II. Hydrology
 Catchment Area at Diversion Site:- 26747 sq.km
A catchment area is formed in the synclinal area where
the salinity is high, and lateral water blockage can occur
in the marginal uplift area to create a good environment
for retention.
  Design Flood:-
 PMF(Probable Maximum Flood)-8880 (a cubic
meter per second)
 GLOF(Glacier Lake Outburst Flood)-6830 cumec
Design flood means the calculated volume of
runoff and the resulting peak discharge utilized in the
evaluation, design, construction, operation and maintenance
of the impounding structure.
Hydrology is the branch of science concerned with the
properties of the earth's water, and especially its movement in
relation to land.
A glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) is a release of melt
water from a moraine- or ice-dam glacial lake due to dam
failure.
The Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) is the flood that may
be expected from the most severe combination of critical
meteorological and hydrologic conditions that are reasonably
possible in a particular drainage area.

III. Reservoir
 Full Reservoir Level is the level corresponding to the
storage which includes both inactive and active storages
 Max. Water  Level is the water level that is ever likely
to be attained during the passage of the design flood.
 MDDL - Minimum Draw Down Level  It is the level
below which the reservoir will not be drawn down so as
to maintain a minimum head required in power projects
Submergence area at FRL 66.3 Ha

Reservoir Capacity/ Gross storage 13.94 MCM( million cubic

at FRL meter)

Full Reservoir Level (FRL) El 845 m

Max. Water  Level (MWL) El 847.73 m

MDDL El 835 m

Inactive Storage (below MDDL) 8.29 MCM

Active storage /Peaking volume 5.65 MCM

IV. Diversion Tunnel:- 429 m long, 11 m diameter to divert 1300
cumec(a cubic meter per second)
 Diversion tunnel is either a permanent or temporary tunnel
built essentially for the purpose of diverting something away
from something else. The most common use of a diversion
tunnel is to divert water.

V. Dam
 Type of Dam Concrete Gravity Dam

Dam top Level El.849 m

River bed Level El. 790 m

Dam Height above River bed 59 m

Deepest Foundation Level El.769 m

Height above deepest Foundation Level 80 m

Length of Dam at Top 233 m

Top Width of Dam 7m

Fig: Concrete Gravity Dam

VI. Upstream Coffee Dam

A cofferdam is an enclosure built within a body of water to
allow the enclosed area to be pumped out.
Type Concrete dam

Top level El 818.00 m

Height 27 m

Length 108 m
VII. Downstream Coffee Dam
Type Rock fill dam

Top level El 794.25 m

Height 5.25 m

Length 70.64 m

VIII. Spillway
A spillway is a structure used to provide the controlled
release of water from a dam or levee downstream, typically
into the riverbed of the dammed river itself.

Energy Dissipation System are system designed to protect

downstream areas from erosion by reducing the velocity of
flow to acceptable limits.
Design Flood PMF-8880 cumec
GLOF -6830 cumec

Energy Dissipation System Trajectory Bucket type

i)Sluice spillway  
   No. 5
   Size 9.0 m (W)X 14.85 m (H)
ii)Overflow spillway  
   No. 1
   Size 4.0 m (W)X 3.0 m (H)
 Crest Level El 795 m-Sluice Spillway
El 842 m-Overflow Spillway

Fig: Spillway fig: Trajectory Bucket

Type

IX. Power Intake

 Intake - Gates on the dam open and gravity pulls the water
through the penstock, a pipeline that leads to the turbine.
Water builds up pressure as it flows through this pipe

No. & Type 2 Nos., Straight intake with bell mouth

Invert Level El.819m

Top Level El.849m

 Fig:intake pipe of Arun 3

X. Intake Tunnel
No. & Type 2 Nos., 7 m diameter, horse-shoe
shaped

Length 231 m each

C.L. of Intake  El  822 m

Tunnel

XI. Head Race Tunnel

Head race tunnel is tunnel used for the water inflow to the
turbine.
An adit is a nearly-horizontal passage or tunnel that provides
access to and from underground workings in a tunnel.
Shape & Size  Horse-shoe, 9.5 m diameter

Length of Tunnel 11837 m

Design Discharge 344.68 cum / sec

No. of Adits& size             4 Nos.,7 m X 7 m D - shaped

ADIT ADIT  RD DISTANCE

LENGTH OF BETWEEN
HRT ADITS

1 504 m 790  
m
 2 683 m 5156 4366 m
m

3 387 m 8272 3116 m

m

4 333 m 11786 3514 m

m

Fig horse shoe head race tunnel

XII. Surge Shaft

Surge shaft is a structure provided at the end of headrace
tunnel or pipe to account for water hammering effect in the
pipe at its downstream

Size & shape Open to sky,

Restricted Orifice
1No.,24.0m
diameter, Circular

Height 155.00 m
 Top Level El 946.00 m

Gates, No.& Size 2 Nos.,  5.5m ( W )X

5.5m (H )

XIII. Butterfly Valve Chamber-Underground

Butterfly Valve is a valve consisting of two semicircular
clappers hinged to a cross rib that permits fluid flow in only
one direction.
Size  
83.05m (L) X 12
m(W) X 21 m(H)

Butterfly Valve 2 nos, 5.5 m

diameter
 Fig: Butterfly Valve

XIV. Pressure Shaft

Pressure shafts are underground circular openings like tunnels
in which fully pressurized flow of water is expected like in
pipes.
location Underground, 2 Nos.

  Type & Size Circular, each 5.5 m diameter

bifurcating into two Nos. of 4.0 m
diameter to feed four units

Length of pressure shafts 1 and 2

 

Pressure 432 Pressure shaft-2 404 m

shaft-I m

Branch 1 70 Branch 3 70 m
m

Branch 2 58 Branch 4 58 m
m
XV. Power House Complex
Main inlet valve  (MIV) is the spherical valve which installed
before water enter into spiral casing of the hydro turbine
Tail water refers to waters located immediately downstream
from a hydraulic structure, such as a dam (excluding
minimum release such as for fish water), spillway, bridge or
culvert.
Type Underground on left bank

P/H  Cavern 179.50 m(L)X22.5 m (W)X49.5

m (H)

Design Head ( net ) 286.21 m

Gross Head 307.67 m

Turbine 4 Nos., Vertical Francis turbine,

225 MW each

Rated speed  of Turbine 250 rpm

Generation voltage 15.75 kV

Service Bay Floor El. 539.00m

Level

Generator Floor Level El. 534.00 m

Turbine Floor Level El. 529.00 m

Distribution Centre El. 525.00 m

Line Level
 MIV( Main inlet valve) El.520.50 m
Floor Level

Maximum Tail Water El. 536.46 m

Level

Transformer Single phase, 12+1 (Spare), 92

MVA 15.75 kV/420/Root3 kV

XVI. Transformer Hall

Transformer Hall is an unattended room used to house electric
transformers and their auxiliary equipment

Size 146.14 m (L)X 16 m (W)x 23 m

(H)

 Transformer Hall Floor El. 552 m

Level

Design Discharge per unit 86.17 Cumec

Design Energy in a 90 % 3924.03 MU
dependable year

Annual  Load  Factor 50.98 %

Weighted average efficiency 93 %

of TG Set

Fig: Transformer Hall

XVII. Tail Race Tunnel

Tail race tunnel is tunnel used for water out flow of the
turbine
No., Type &  Size 1 No., Horse-shoe
shaped, 10.00 m
diameter, 151.97 m
long
 XVIII. Switchyard
Switchyard means a collection of electrical equipment, where
high voltage electricity is switched using the various
components.
Elevation El 557 m

Size 160 m (L)X 80 m (W)

 Progress
 MAJOR CIVIL WORKS -PACKAGE-C1
The total number of manpower working on the site is 1266. The major
machinery available on the site are listed below
I. 4 boomers
 Boomer M is a robust face drilling rig for tunneling and mining
applications with a coverage area up to 65m2. 

II. 8 RoC’s(Crawler Drill)

The RoC drill is a practical method to visualize and rehearse the
execution of a complex commercial project.

III. 4 shotcrete machine

Shotcrete equipment allows for the projection of a concrete
mixture at high pressure.

IV. 2 Batching plant (30 Cum/H(cubic meter per hour))

A concrete plant, also known as a batch plant or batching plant or
a concrete batching plant, is equipment that combines various
ingredients to form concrete.

V. 1 Crusher plant of 50 TPH(Tonnes Per Hour ) & 2 of 10 TPH

Crushers are machines used to reduce the size of rocks, stones and
ore. They are often utilized in aggregates production, construction
material recycling and in mining operations.

VI. 9 DG Sets
A diesel generator (DG) (also known as diesel genset) is the
combination of a diesel engine with an electric generator (often an
alternator) to generate electrical energy.

VII. 4 concrete pump

A concrete pump is a tool used for transferring freshly mixed
liquid concrete to the location on a construction site where it is
needed.

VIII. 9 grout pump

Grout pumps can be used to fill small voids and door jams and
they are available in either manual, electric, gas, hydraulic and air
powered. 
 IX. 8 compressor
A compressor is a device that increases the pressure of a
substance (usually a gas) by reducing the volume of the substance

X. 18 excavator
Excavators are heavy construction equipment consisting of a
boom, dipper (or stick), bucket and cab on a rotating platform
known as the "house".

XI. 3 JCB Excavator

XII. 52 dumpers
A dumper is a vehicle designed for carrying bulk material, often
on building sites.

XIII. 7 dozers
Bulldozers are strong machines that mainly assist with pushing,
digging, excavating, and leveling materials like soil and debris at
a work site.

XIV. 3 wheel loader

Wheel loader is a loading equipment. It is a 4 wheeled, tire
mounted and fitted with a wider bucket in front side.

XV. 6 crane
Cranes in construction are used to lift or lower objects and move
them horizontally. Either way, all cranes are equipped with
pulleys and cables that are useful when it comes to moving
objects around.