INDUSTRIAL VISIT REPORT

SITE: TARBELA DAM OF PAKISTAN

NAME:
BILAL NAWAZ KIYANI
REGISTRATION#:
19-CIVIL-002
SUBMITTED TO :
SIR ENGR EHTISHAM

DATE:
14-12-21

HITEC UNIVERSITY TAXILA,CANTT

Aim
 The primary purpose of the Tarbela Dam Project was to regulate the flows of the Indus River for
irrigation use.
 How to apply theoretical knowledge in practical from.
 What is the purpose of dam.
 How construct the dam.
 What is reservoir , spillways,
Other objectives were to achieve substantial generation of hydroelectric power and flood control
by conserving snow melt and monsoon flows of the Indus River

Objectives
 To get useful information accomplished in documented region (Dam supply
Barrage.
 To acquire some insight about the dam repository and flood.

 To notice the hypothetical information in down to earth from.

 To noticed state of site and security profession.
 To notice the utilizations of hardware at building site.
 To foster our down to earth information.
 To saw how to look with works or laborer
 To see how to really look at the mistakes.
 To see how to water pass on spillways

 Name of Site supervisor:

Wapda host: : Zeeshan khan

Description of the visit

Abstract
Tarbela is one of the world’s greatest water resources development projects built on one of the
world’s largest river, the Indus locally as the “Abbasin” i.e the father of rivers. The project is the
capstone of the Indus Basin Plan, to ensure a continued and improved supply of water to million
of acres of irrigated land In Pakistan , besides generating hydroelectricity & controlling floods. It
is located about 40 acrr miles(64km) northwest of Islamabad . Construction work is started in
1968 and civil work is completed in 1974. The total cost of project including power units (1-14)
amounts to US $ 2.63 billion. Unit (15-17) costs 762 Million PKR(122.977 Billion).

The catchment area at Indus at Tarbela is 65500 sq.miles(169600 sq.km) which is unique in the
sense that it contains seven of the world’s highest peaks. The mean annual flow at Tarbela is 64
million acre feet (MAF) 79 billion cu.meter) of which at present only 13 percent is impounded at
Tarbela.
Supply sedimentation is a fundamental worry in the Tarbela repository in Pakistan. This
significant stockpiling supply on the Indus Waterway, developed somewhere in the range of
1968 and 1974, assumes a critical part in the arrangement of water for water system, power age
and flood control. Dregs have diminished 30% the underlying limit of the supply (11,600Mm3 ).
The development of the foreset slant towards the dam likewise expands the danger of hindering
the low level outlets that give streams downstream to the water system framework and to the
power station

Introduction
Tarbela Dam was developed in the 1968's on the Indus stream in north focal Pakistan. It was
considered to assist with controlling the occasional streams both for water system of the Indus
fields downstream and for age of hydropower. The project consist of 9000 feet (2743 meters)
long . 470 feet(143 meters) high (above) the river bed) earth and rock fill embankment across the
entire width of the river with two spillways cutting through the left bank and discharging into a
side valley . Its main spillways has a discharge capacity of 650000 cusecs (18406 cumec) and
auxiliary spillway 850000 cusecs (24,070 cumecs). Two auxiliary embankment dams close the
low level ridges in the left bank valley .

A power station on the right bank near the toe of main dam houses seventeen power units
on Tunnels 1,2,3 & 4. Ten (10) units each with an installed genrerating capacity of 175
MW were installed on tunnels 1 & 2 by 1985. Four (4) units each with an installed
generating capacity of 432 MW on tunnel -3 have been commissioned in June, 1994
while three (3) units each having a generating capacity of 470 MW were installed on
Tunnel 4 which were commissioned in March 2018. Total generation of tarbela enhanced
to 4888 MW with the addition of T4th Ext. HPP which constitutes about 50% of hydel
generation in Pakistan.

Main Embankment Dam:

The principle element of the project is an embankment dam 9000 feet (2743 meters) long
with a maximum height of 470 feet (143 meters). The total volume of the earth and rock
for the project is approx 200 million cubic yard(15.8 million cubic meters) which made it
the largest man made structure in the world in 1974. The main embankment is a
carefully designed zoned structures composed of an impervious core, bounded on both
sides by gradually increasing sized material including coarser sand,gravels,cobbles and
finally large riprap on outer slopes. An impervious blanket 42 feet (12.8 meters) thick at
the ddam and tailing to 5feet (1.52 meters) at the upstream end, covers 6700 feet ( 2042
meters) of the alluvial foundation on the upstream side. These deposits in the valley
extend upto 700 feet(213 meters) depth and at places consist of open work gravels. A 24
feet(7.32 meters) thick filters drain matters under embankment .
Tunnels:
 The four tunnels (low level oulets) each about half a mile long, through the right
abutment initially served for the diversion of water during the final phases of
construction of the Project. Now Tunnels 1,2,3 & 4 are being used for power
generation. While planned to installed power units on Tunnels no 5. The discharge
capacity of irrigation tunnel at higher reservoir elevation (1500ft.)is 93000 cusecs
(2634 cunecs). A fifth tunnels on the left bank designed to augment irrigation releases
upto 86000 cusecs (2435 cumecs) at high reservoir level has also been added to the
project. The Tarbela Dam was built with five original tunnels, with the first three
dedicated to hydropower generation, and the remaining two slated for irrigation use.
The fourth phase extension project uses the first of the two irrigation tunnels, while
the fifth phase extension will use the second irrigation tunnel.

Power generation
According to the orignal plan, four units of 175 MW generating capacity each were to be
installed on each of the tunnels 1,2 7 3 with the ultimate installed capacity of 2100 MW, Of these
four units on Tunnel 1 were commisioned in year 1977. Due to increasing prices of fossil
fuel,the government of Pakistan has been laying greater emphasis on generation of cheap hydal
power . In pursuance if this policy. Wapda carried out studies to tap the maximum power
potential of Tarbela.

2 Units 5 to 8 on tunnels 2 were commissioned in 1982 AND unit 9 and 10 in 1985. Four more
power units of 432 MW capacity each installed on Tunnels 3 commissioned In june 1994. The
total ultimate power potential of the project has thus been enhanced from 2100 MW, as
originally planned to 3478 MW. Now including tunnel no 4 power generation enhanced to 4888
MW.

Reservoir:
Dam model:

Spillways
On the left bank, two spillways discharge into a side valley known as Dal Dara channel. These
are essentially flood routing structures built at comparatively higher higher elevation. The total
spillways capacity is 1500000 cusecs (42476 cumecs) which constitutes the peak outflow
resulting from routing the probable maximum flood. The service spillways having 44% of the
total capacity is sufficient to pass all but very rare floods. Its maximum discharge capacity is
650000 cusecs (18406 cumecs). It has seven radial gates operating above the crest elevation of
1.492 feet (455 meter).

The axulliary spillway is similar in design to the service spillway but with a discharge capacity
of 850000 cusecs (24070 cumecs). It has nine radial gates with crest elevation of 1492 feet.
Technology wise :
The tarbela dam is one of the most instrumented dams in the world making use of the most
modern technology available
.
Water discharge :
The Indus basin upstream of Tarbela Dam has an area of 169,650 km2 . More than
90% lies between the Great Karakoram and the Himalayan reaches and meltwaters
from this area add to the significant piece of the yearly stream arriving at Tarbela.
The rest of the bowl, lying promptly upstream of the dam (Figure 1), is dependent
upon storm precipitation basically during the long stretches of July, August and
September. The rainstorm downpours spillover causes sharp surges of brief span
which are superimposed on the more slow reacting snowmelt overflow.
 Tarbela Highlights:
At peak of construction activities over 15000 Pakistani and 800 Europeon worker
including engineer and technician of the contractors organization were working at project
site. Wapda staff was composed of 1400 perosonal.
About 96000 people from over 120 affected villages were displaced.
Total Expenditure on tarbela dam resettlement project amount to Rs 950 million which is
about 5% of total cost.

Main Features
Orignal Tunnel#4
Diameter 45-36ft(13.72-10.97m)
Length 2997 ft(313.7m)
Generators:
Rating power: 470MW/0.9
Financing arrangement;
World bank loan US$ 840 million
Project volume:
Total embankment: Total embankment and fills excavation=153000000 cu. Meter)
Required Excavation borrow concrete: 81050000 cu. meter
Reservoir:
Length =60 miles(97kms)
Maximum depth (450feets)(137 meter)
Area = 100 square mile(260 sq kms)
Present live storage capacity above =5.980 million acres ft
Gate=7
Discahrge capacity=50 feet *61 feet height
Concrete voume: 416000cu.yds
Auxillary spillways:
Gates: 9
Discharge capacity: 50feet wide*61feet height (15.24m*18.60m)
Power Station
Turbine speed-136rpm(1-10 units)(91rpm units11-14)

Installed capacity:
10 units of 175 MW=1750MW
04 units of 4332 MW=1728MW
03 units of 470 MW=1410MW
Total=4888MW
 Anually tarbela reservoir releases about 9MAF water for irrigation depending in the

requirmemnt of irrigation of irrigated agriculture.

Hydrograph of Tarbela Dam:

Industrial Visit Photos:

CONCLUSION :
From this visit we learn about the main structure of tarbela dam. From this we built interest in
dam study.We have seen spillways,reservoir and model of dam.

We also learn about discharge flow and how its is controlled and how they manage flood. The
discharge of dam is from spillways when there is deadline of flood or need of irrigation
department.The main aim of this dam is irrigation used and alternative resources is to generated
electric power.

We visit Pakistan largest dam and observed the area of dam. Wapda host told us about history of
tarbela dam that how much time it take and how many labours and engineer work in built the
dam.The main source of this dam is river Indus water and siran river.We also learn how they
control flood seasons by using tunnels and spillways. There are electric power houser that they
produces electricity. Tarebela dam has large capacity to store water.

From visit we understand more about dam and give practical knowledge to us.