CREED REVIEW CENTER

COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW THROUGH ENHANCED EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

MODULE 5
CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION

BASIC TERMS TO REMEMBER CORRECTION AS A PROCESS - Refers to the reorientation

of the criminal offender to prevent him or her from
PENOLOGY repeating his deviant or delinquent actions without the
necessity of taking punitive actions but rather the introduction of
- The study of punishment for crime or of criminal individual measures of reformation.
offenders. It includes the study of control and
prevention of crime through punishment of criminal CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION - The study and practice
offenders. of a systematic management of jails or prisons and other
- The term is derived from the Latin word “POENA” which institutions concerned with the custody, treatment, and
means pain or suffering and “POENALIS” which means rehabilitation of criminal offenders
punishment.
- Penology is otherwise known as Penal Science. It is actually a division of INSTITUTIONAL NON-INSTITUTIONAL
criminology that deals with prison management and the treatment of CORRECTIONS CORRETIONS
offenders, and concerned itself with the philosophy and practice of society in its
effort to repress criminal activities. The reformation and The reformation and
- Penology has stood in the past and, for the most part, still rehabilitation of criminal rehabilitation of criminal
stands for the policy of inflicting punishment on the offenders are held inside offenders are provided in
offender as a consequence of his wrongdoing. a correctional institution community / outside prison
or penal establishment
THREE DIVISIONS OF CRIMINOLOGY BJMP, DSWD, BUCOR Parole, Probation, Executive
1. SOCIOLOGY OF LAW – deals with understanding the Jails And Prisons Clemencies
nature of criminal law and its procedure of
administration FAQ’S
2. CRIMINAL ETIOLOGY – concerned with determining
causes and factors of crime occurrence BLUE-FLU – the practice of uniformed personnel of taking sick
3. PENOLOGY / PENAL SCIENCE – deals with leave EN MASSE to back-up their demands fro impoved
management and administration of inmates. working conditions, salary increments, and other items on their
agenda
PENAL MANAGEMENT - Refers to the manner or practice of COMPETENT AUTHORITY – refers to the Supreme Court,
managing or controlling places of confinement as in jails or Court of Appeals, Regional Trial Court, Metropolitan Trial Court,
prisons. Municipal Trial Court, Municipal Circuit Trial Court, Sandigan
Bayan, Military Courts, House of Representatives, Senate,
CORRECTION Commission on Elections, Bureau of Immigration and
Deportation and Board of Pardons and Parole.
- A branch of the Criminal Justice System concerned with CARPETA – refers to the institutional record of an inmate
the custody, supervision and rehabilitation of criminal which consist of his mittimus/commitment order, the
offenders. prosecutor’s information and the decision of the trial court,
- It is that field of criminal justice administration which including the appellate court, if any.
utilizes the body of knowledge and practices of the COMMITMENT – the entrusting for confinement of an inmate to
government and the society in general involving the a jail by competent authority for investigation, trial and/or service
processes of handling individuals who have been of sentence.
convicted of offenses for purposes of crime prevention
and control. CLASSIFICATION – refers to the assigning or grouping of
- It is the study of jail/prison management and inmates according to their sentence, gender, age, nationality,
administration as well as the rehabilitation and reformation health, criminal records, etc.
of criminals. – a method by which diagnosis, treatment, planning and
- It is a generic term that includes all government execution of treatment programs are coordinated to an
agencies, facilities, programs, procedures, personnel, individual.
and techniques concerned with the investigation, intake, – the process of assigning inmates to types of custody or
custody, confinement, supervision, or treatment of alleged treatment programs appropriate to their needs.
offenders. Also known as = DIVERSIFICATION
COMMITMENT ORDER – a written order of the court or any 1. HALFWAY OUT – prerelease facility used to orient the
other competent authority consigning an offender to a jail or prisoner before release for adjustment purposes in coping
prison for confinement. in the outside.
a. PRE-RELEASE – place for parole eligible
CONTRABAND – any article, item, or thing prohibited by law b. PAROLEES – granted parole but needs
and/or forbidden by jail rules. assistance in coping outside.

TYPES OF CONTRABAND 2. HALFWAY IN – consisting of prisoners who are half way in

prison includes:
1. ILLEGAL CONTRABAND – prohibited by law a. Probation Violators
2. NUISANCE CONTRABAND – prohibited only by jail rules b. Parole Violators

COED INSTITUTION – or co-correctional institution which hold Note: half way house in NBP are joint project of Asia Crime
both male and female offenders who interact and share the Prevention Foundation, Nagoya Japan West Club and
facility except for sleeping areas. They study, eat, dance, work UNAFEI, from the Japanese end, and the Asia Crime
and engage in leisure activities within one campus. Prevention Inc., DOJ, NAPOLCOM, Muntinlupa Lions Club, and
other NGO’s on the side of the Philippines
CONVICT BOGEY – society exaggerated fear of the convict INDETERMINATE SENTENCE – sets minimum and maximum
and ex-convict which is usually far out of proportion to the real period of incarceration.
danger they present.
INSTRUMENT OF RESTRAINT – a device, contrivance, tool, or
DETERRENCE – a crime-control strategy that uses punishment instrument used to hold back, keep in, check, or control an
to prevent others from committing similar crimes. inmate; e.g. hand cuffs, leg irons

DIVERSIFICATION – administrative device of correctional JAILBREAK - the escape from jail by more than two (2) inmates
institutions of providing varied and flexible types of physical by the use of force, threat, violence or deceit or by breaching
plants for more effective control of treatment programs of its security barriers such as by scaling the perimeter fence, by
diversified population. tunneling and/or by other similar means or by burning or
destructing of the facility or a portion of the facility with or without
DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION – a crime strategy that focuses on the aid of jail officer or any other person.
keeping the offenders in the community rather than placing them
in long-term institution. MITTIMUS – a warrant issued by a court bearing its seal and
the signature of the judge, directing the jail or prison authorities
DETERMINATE SENTENCE – a fixed period of incarceration to receive inmates for custody or service of sentence imposed
imposed on the offender by the court therein.
ESCAPE – an act of getting out unlawfully from confinement or
custody by an inmate. OPERATION GREYHOUND – a surprise and unannounced
– Evasion of service of sentence (Art. 157, RPC) invasion of a cell inside a prison facility conducted by uniformed
– is derived from the Greek word ESCAPIO and from the personnel of the prison establishment to search for any type of
Latin word ESCAPIUM which means BY CHANCE OR contraband.
ACCIDENT.
PENANCE – an ecclesiastical punishment inflicted by an
EXPUNGEMENT – the process by which the record of crime ecclesiastical court for some spiritual offense.
conviction is destroyed or sealed after expiration of statutory
required time. PENITENTIARY – a prison, correctional institution, or other
place of confinement where convicted felons are sent to serve
FURLOUGH – authorization that permits inmate to leave out the term of their sentence.
containment, for emergency family crises, usually accompanied
by correctional officer. Crises include “death bed”. PRISON RECORD – refers to information containing an
RULES ON FURLOUGH inmate’s personal circumstances, the offense he committed, the
✓ Not more than 30 km radius from the prison facility sentence imposed, the criminal case numbers in the trial
✓ More than 3o km but you can return in daylight time appellate courts, the date he commenced service of his
✓ Duration is for maximum of 3 hours only sentence, the date he was received for confinement, the place
✓ Cannot join the funeral procession of confinement, the date of expiration of his sentence, the
✓ Request at least 3 days before the date of visit number of previous convictions, if any, and his behavior and
✓ Approved by the trial court conduct while in prison.
✓ Inmates confined in maximum security prison
compounds are disqualified to avail the privilege of PROSELYTIZING – coercing an inmate to change and practice
furlough other religion

HALF-WAY HOUSES – are non-confining residential facilities PRISONIZATION – process by which an inmate learns through
for adjudicated adults or juvenile or those subject to socialization; the rules and regulation of the penitentiary culture.
proceedings. They are alternative to containment for person not
suited for probation that need period for re-adjustment to the REHABILITATION – a program of activity directed to restore an
community after imprisonment inmate’s self-respect thereby making him a law-abiding citizen
after serving his sentence. To change an offender’s character,
TYPES OF HALF WAY HOUSE attitude or behavior patterns so as to diminish his or her criminal
propensities.
 GULAG OF GERMANY - this is infamous Gulag prison of
RESTORATION – refers to a victim-oriented approach to crime Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn in Germany, where thousands of Jews
that emphasizes restitution (compensation) for victims. This were man-slaughtered during the reign of Adolph Hitler.
intervention advocates restoring the victim and creating GULAG OF RUSSIA - this is synonymous for corrective labor
constructive roles for victims in the criminal justice process, camp, a penal institution established in 1918 after the Russian
rather than focus on the punishment of criminals. Revolution. It was the most feared prison during the reign of
Joseph Stalin on 1934 to 1947.
WEEK-END CONFINEMENT / DELAYED SENTENCE –
offender is allowed to retain current employment and permit PENOLOGICAL THEORIES
sentences to be served during weekends. The first attempt to explain crime was made by the
Athenian philosopher, Aristotle. In his book “Nicomedean
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON CORRECTIONS Ethics”, he discusses corrective justice, thus –
“punishment is a means of restoring the balance between
13TH CENTURY – SECURING SANCTUARY pleasure and pain”.
- In the 13th C, a criminal could avoid punishment by
claiming refugee in a church for a period of 40 days at the THE EMERGENCE OF SECULAR LAW
end of which time, he has compelled to leave the realm by 4th A.D. - Secular Laws were advocated by Christian
a road or path assigned to him. philosophers who recognizes the need for justice. Some of the
proponents these laws were St. Augustine and St. Thomas
BENEFIT OF THE CLERGY - In the 13th Century, a Aquinas.
compromise between the church and the king, wherein any
member of the clergy brought to trial in the king’s court shall be LAWS WERE DISTINGUISHED:
claimed from the jurisdiction by the bishop or chaplain 1. External Law (Lex Externa)
representing him and placed under the authority of the 2. Lex Divina (Divine Law)
ecclesiastical court. 3. Natural Law (Lex Naturalis)
4. Human Law (Lex Humana)
It was provided for the clergies in Europe during the 12th
Century by giving them exemption for criminal punishment All these laws are intended for the common good, but the
Human law only become valid if it does not conflict with the other
1468 (ENGLAND) – Torture as a form of punishment became two laws.
prevalent.

16TH CENTURY – Transportation of criminals in England, was THE JUDEAN—CHRISTIAN THEORY

authorized. At the end of the 16th C, Russia and other European
Countries followed this system. It partially relieved overcrowding Following the Secular Theory of punishment was
of prisons. Transportation was abandoned in 1835. the Judean or Christian Theory, which was at its fullest
development during the death of Christ in 30 A.D. This
PIRACY ACT OF 1717 - was an act of the parliament of Great theory of expiation believes that punishment has a
Britain that established a 7 years penal transportation to North redemptive purpose of repelling sin advocated by the devil.
America as a possible punishment for those convicted of
lesser felonies THE PRIMARY SCHOOLS OF PENOLOGY
17TH C TO LATE 18TH C – Death Penalty became prevalent as 1. THE CLASSICAL / JURISTIC SCHOOL – it maintains the
a form of punishment. “doctrine of psychological hedonism” or “free will”. That the
individual calculates pleasures and pains in advance of
GAOLS - (Jails) – pretrial detention facilities operated by action and regulates his conduct by the result of his
English Sheriff. calculations.
Basis of criminal liability – absolute human free will
GALLEYS – long, low, narrow, single decked ships propelled by Purpose of punishment – retribution
sails, usually rowed by criminals. A type of ship used for
transportation of criminals in the 16th century. 2. THE NEO-CLASSICAL SCHOOL – it maintained that
while the classical doctrine is correct in general, it should
HULKS – decrepit transport, former warships used to house be modified in certain details. Since children and
prisoners in the 18th and 19th century. These were abandoned lunatics cannot calculate the differences of pleasures
warships converted into prisons as means of relieving from pain, they should not be regarded as criminals,
congestion of prisoners. They were also called “floating hells”. hence they should be free from punishment.
GULAGS RESULT OF THE NEO-CLASSICAL THEORY
– the term Gulag of Igorot mountain tribe according to the ✓ Exempting circumstances admitted
linguist, refers to a wooden-fence where convicted felons ✓ Reduction of punishment for partial freedom of the will
were imprisoned by the elders. – only partial responsibility
– At the height of the Banawe Rice-Terraces construction, ✓ Punishment was mitigated for lack of full responsibility
thetribe’s chieftain considers it a crime for any able-bodied ✓ It represented the reaction against the severity of the
male who refuses to work at the terraces, if found guilty of classical theory of equal punishment irrespective of
such idleness, he will be sent to the Gulag. circumstances
3. THE POSITIVIST/ITALIAN SCHOOL – the school that and specifying the value of the life of each person
denied individual responsibility and reflected non-punitive according to social status.
reactions to crime and criminality. It adheres that crimes,
as any other act, is a natural phenomenon. Criminals are EARLY CODES (PHILIPPINE SETTING)
considered as sick individuals who need to be treated by
treatment programs rather than punitive actions against The Spanish Civil Code became effective in the
them. Philippines on December 7, 1889, the “Conquistadores” and the
- treats criminals as sick individuals “Kodigo Penal”(The Revised Penal Code today, 1930) was
- purpose of punishment is treatment is introduced by the Spaniards promulgated by the King of Spain.
rehabilitation Basically, these laws adopted the Roman Law principles
. (Coquia, Principles of Roman Law, 1996).

REDRESS (COMPENSATION) OF A WRONG ACT Sometimes called as – “LEY ENGICIAMIENTO CRIMINAL”

RETALIATION (PERSONAL VENGEANCE) – the earliest Mostly tribal traditions, customs and practices
remedy for a wrong act to any one (in the primitive society). The influenced laws during the Pre-Spanish Philippines. There were
concept of personal revenge by the victim’s family or tribe also laws that were written which include:
against the family or tribe of the offender, hence “blood feuds”
was accepted in the early primitive societies. a. THE CODE OF KALANTIAO (promulgated in 1433) – the
FINES AND PUNISHMENT – Customs has exerted effort and most extensive and severe law that prescribes harsh
great force among primitive societies. The acceptance of punishment in Aklan and Panay Islands.
vengeance in the form of payment (cattle, food, personal b. THE MARAGTAS CODE (by Datu Sumakwel of Ilo-ilo)
services, etc) became accepted as dictated by tribal traditions. c. SIKATUNA LAW (Bohol)
As tribal leaders, elders and later kings came into power, they
begun to exert their authority on the negotiations. Wrongdoers EARLY PRISONS
could choose to stay away from the proceedings (Trial by
ordeal) but if they refuse to abide by the law imposed, they will 1. MAMERTINE PRISON / CARCERE MAMERTINO – the
be declared to be an outlaw. only early Roman place of confinement which is built
under the main sewer of Rome in 64 B.C
EARLY CODES
Other places of confinement in the history of
1. BABYLONIAN AND SUMERIAN CODES confinement include FORTRESSES, CASTLES, and TOWN
GATES that were strongly built purposely against roving bands
CODE OF KING HAMMURABI (HAMMURABIC of raiders.
CODE) – Babylon, about 1990 BC, credited as the oldest code
prescribing savage punishment, but in fact, Sumerian codes 2. The most popular workhouse was the BRIDEWELL
(Code of King Ur-Nammu) were nearly one hundred years WORKHOUSE (1557) in London which was built for the
older. employment and housing of English prisoners.
- applied the doctrine of Lex Talionis (Law of Retaliation) - Named after St. Bridget Well
- believed in the philosophy of Tit for Tat
3. WULNUT STREET JAIL – originally constructed as a
2. ROMAN AND GREEK CODES detention jail in Philadelphia. It was converted into a state
prison and became the first American Penitentiary.
a. JUSTINIAN CODE– 6th C A.D., Emperor Justinian of
Rome wrote his code of law. An effort to match a 4. ERGASTALUM – it is an ancient prison wherein prisoner
desirable amount of punishment to all possible are attached to workbenches and are forced to do hard
crimes. However, the law did not survive due to the labor in the period of their imprisonment.
fall of the Roman Empire but left a foundation of
Western legal codes. 5. MAISON DE FORCE (1627) – a house of correction in
Ghent, Belgium which separate adult from juveniles and
* THE TWELVE TABLES (XII TABULAE), (451-450 women from men, an innovation to prison system during
BC) – represented the earliest codification of Roman law the 1600s. established by Jean Jaques Villian (Father of
incorporated into the Justinian Code. It is the foundation Penitentiary Science)
of all public and private law of the Romans until the time
of Justinian. It is also a collection of legal principles 6. SING-SING PRISON - was the third prison built by New
engraved on metal tablets and set up on the forum. York State. It is a maximum security prison inflicted aside
from floggings, denial of reading materials and solitary
b. GREEK CODE OF DRACO – In Greece, the Code of confinement. The shower bath was a gadget so
Draco, a harsh code that provides the same punishment for constructed as to drop a volume of water on the head of
both citizens and the slaves as it incorporates primitive a locked naked offender. The force of icy cold water
concepts (Vengeance, Blood Feuds). hitting the head of the offender caused so much pain and
extreme shock that prisoners immediately sank into coma
* The Greeks were the first society to allow any citizen to due to the shock and hypothermia or sudden drop in
prosecute the offender in the name of the injured party. body temperature

3. THE BURGUNDIAN CODE (500 A.D) – specified 7. ALCATRAZ (THE ROCK) - 1850 – the prison is located
punishment according to the social class of offenders, on an island in San Francisco Bay. It was built for the
dividing them into: nobles, middle class and lower class military in the 1850's and used by them, as a fort and a
 prison until 1933 when it passed to the Department of DEATH CONVICT- This refers to an inmate death
Justice thru the recommendation of Dir. John Edgar penalty/sentence imposed by the Regional Trial Court is
Hoover and became a civil prison until it was closed affirmed by the Supreme Court.
in1963 thru the writings of James Bennet
- The hardest prison in history where number 1 2. PHYSICAL TORTURE / CORPORAL PUNISHMENT–
public enemies are imprisoned like Al Capone. affected by maiming, mutilation, whipping and other
inhumane or barbaric forms of inflicting pain.
FAMOUS ESCAPEES OF ALCATRAZ (1962)
1. Frank Morris CORPORAL PUNISHMENT – the infliction of physical pain as
2. Clarence and a form of punishment.
3. John Anglin
3. SOCIAL DEGRADATION – putting the offender into shame
OLIN GUY BLACKWELL - last warden of the Alcatraz prison. or humiliation.
4. PILLORY - a wooden framework with holes for the head
8. DEVIL'S ISLAND - French penal colony from 1852 to 1959 and hands, in which offenders were formerly imprisoned
where political prisoners are exiled and exposed to public abuse.
9. ROBBEN ISLAND - A prison complex located at the coast 5. BANISHMENT OR EXILE / OSTRACISM / OUTLAWRY –
of the sending or putting away of an offender which was
Capetown South Africa which serve as a refugee camp for carried out either by prohibition against coming into a
people afflicted with leper before converted into a prison. specified territory such as an island to where the offender
10. PORT ARTHUR - located in Tasmania, Australia, is a penal has been removed.
colony which is the destination for the hardest English - Presently known as DESTIERRO
prisoner during the middle of the 19th century.
11. NEW GATE PRISON - not a real prison but an abandoned METHODS OF DEATH PENALTY EXECUTED IN THE
copper mine of Simsbury Connecticut. Inmates are PHILIPPINES
confined underground (Black hole of horrors).
1. GARROTE - This became popular when three (3) friar’s
EARLY PRISONS IN THE PHILIPPINES: priests, commonly addressed as GOMBURZA, were
executed in 1872 by the Spanish colonial rulers for
During the Pre-Spanish period, prison system in the exposing the venalities of the church.
Philippines was tribal in nature. Village chieftains administered
it. It was historically traced from the early written laws. An iron collar attached upon a scaffold formerly
Established in 1847 pursuant to Section 1708 of the used in Spain and Portugal. The convict is seated on the
Revised Administrative Code and formally opened by Royal improvised chair with both hands and feet tied. Then, the
Decree in 1865, the first BILIBID PRISON was constructed and victim’s neck is placed on the collar attached to it, finally,
became the central place of confinement for Filipino Prisoners the iron collar is slowly tightened by the screw at the back
by virtue of the Royal decree of the Spanish crown. chair by the executioner until the death convict is
In 1936, the City of Manila exchanges its Muntinlupa pronounced dead.
property with the Bureau of Prisons originally intended as a site
for boys’ training school. Today, the old Bilibid Prison is now This method of execution was abolished in the
being used as the MANILA CITY JAIL, famous as the “MAY Philippines by virtue of Act 451.
HALIQUE ESTATE”.
CAUSE OF DEATH – Asphyxia or blockage of the passage of
PUNISHMENT oxygen.

2. MUSKETRY / FIRING SQUAD - Our national hero, Dr.

- It is the REDRESS (COMPENSATION) that the state Jose Rizal, died due to the alleged rebellion to the
takes against an offending member of society that Spanish government. Drug Lord Lim Seng met his death
usually involve pain and suffering. sentence by firing squad in 1973 at Fort Bonifacio during
- It is also the penalty imposed on an offender for a Martial Law.
crime or wrongdoing.
- The authoritative imposition of something negative or 3. BEHEADING / DECAPITATION - Apprehended guerillas
unpleasant on a person in response to behavior were beheaded by Samurai Sword at the Japanese
deemed wrong by law. Kempetei Garrison in 1943.

PENALTY AND THE MODERN PERIOD OF Derived from the Latin word “DE” meaning FROM, and
CORRECTION “CAPUT” meaning a HEAD. Instead of using an axe, the method
employed is by use of a sword and the practice is widespread in
PENALTY is defined as the suffering inflicted by the state China and Muslim States.
against an offending member for the transgression of law.
4. HANGING - The famous tiger of Malaysia Yamashita died
of hanging from 13th footstep platform in 1946.
ANCIENT FORMS OF PUNISHMENT
Mostly, the execution is conducted at dawn. The
1. DEATH PENALTY / CAPITAL PUNISHMENT – affected executioner will place a cloth over his head. Steel weights are
by burning, beheading, hanging, breaking at the wheels, strapped to the legs of the death convict to ensure that he/she
pillory and other forms of medieval executions. will die quickly. Then the rope will be placed around the neck of
the convict, and finally, the platform will be removed
 The whipping rod is made of stripped hard
CAUSE OF DEATH – asphyxia leather with brass button in laid across and embedded at
the tips. At the given signal, six men will whip 30 lashes
5. ELECTRIC CHAIR / SILIA ELECTRICA - The Muntinlupa each alternately and will continue, except upon the
electric, which was originally used way back 1926, is chair intercession of the victim or the State. This intervention of
has claimed more than seventy (70) offenders convicted the aggrieved party to stop is tantamount to pardon and
of capital offenses since its installation four (4) decades the man shall be released to freedom.
ago.
6. GUILLOTINE - A device for cutting-off people’s head
The convict is seated on a chair made of electrical developed in 1972 by Dr. Joseph Ignacio Guillotin, a
conducting materials with strap of electrodes on wrist, ankle member of the French National Assembly, he proposed
and head. Upon orders, the levers will be pulled-up and the that all executions must be uniform and painless.
fatal volts of alternating current pas the body until the convict
dies. If ever the convict is still alive, the lever shall be pulled 7. GAS CHAMBER - Invented after World War I by a medical
again until he is pronounced dead. Corp’s Officer of the US Army as an alternative to electric
chair. In medical term, the convict will die from HYPOXIA
6. LETHAL INJECTION / INTRAVENOUS POISONING which means death due to the cutting-off of oxygen in
the brain.
While the 1987 Constitution abolished death sentence,
however, Congress in 1996 passed RA 7659 as amended by 8. IMPALEMENT - (IMPALING) a form of capital punishment,
RA 8177 that imposes death penalty for heinous crime by lethal is the penetration of an organism by an object such as a
injection. stake, pole, spear or hook, by complete (or partial)
Developed in 1924 by an anesthesiologist in Nevada. perforation of the body, often the central body mass. Killing
Components of chemicals used in Lethal Injection are: Non- by piercing the body with a spear or sharp pole.
lethal Dose / SODIUM THIOPENTAL – a sleep inducing
barbiturate commonly used in surgery to put the patient asleep; EARLY FORMS OF PRISON DISCIPLINE
Lethal Dose / PANCURONIUM BROMIDE – a drug capable of
paralyzing the muscles; POTASSIUM CHLORIDE – capable 1. HARD LABOR – also known as penal servitude where
of stopping heartbeat within seconds, this is commonly used inmates are given productive works.
in Heart-by-pass operations. 2. DEPRIVATION – deprivation of everything except the
bare essentials of existence
LEO ECHEGARAY – 1st Filipino person who was executed thru 3. MONOTONY – giving the same food that is “off” diet, or
lethal injection requiring the prisoners to perform drab or boring daily
routine.
CAUSE OF DEATH – Cardiac arrest / heart attack 4. UNIFORMITY – “we treat the prisoners alike”. “ the fault of
one is the fault of all”.
OTHER FORMS OF EXECUTION 5. MASS MOVEMENT – mass living in cell blocks, mass
eating, mass recreation, mass bathing.
1. STONING TO DEATH / LAPIDATION - It is a form of 6. DEGRADATION – uttering insulting words or languages
execution wherein the condemned person is pelted with on the part of prison staff to the prisoners to degrade or
stones. break the confidence of prisoners.
7. CORPORAL PUNISHMENT – imposing brutal
2. CRUCIFIXION - A person convicted to death was nailed on punishment or employing physical force to intimidate a
the cross with both hands and feet to add ignominy to his delinquent inmate.
agony and humiliation. He was crowned with the specter 8. ISOLATION OR SOLITARY CONFINEMENT /
of spines of vines in his head. Then the Roman pears were BARTOLINA – non-communication, limited news, “ the
thrusts to his flesh body and died of asphyxiation. lone wolf”.
BJMP = 1 TO 7 DAYS
3. BURNING AT STAKE - Form of execution wherein the BUCOR = 1 MONTH TO 2 MONTHS
convict is tied in pole and then set on fire alive. UN RULES = 22 hours – 15 days

4. PILLORY - Bouvier’s dictionary defines pillory as a wooden

machine, in which the neck of the doomed culprit is CONTEMPORARY FORMS OF PUNISHMENT
inserted thereof and usually executed in public as a means
of punishing offenders in Europe and Colonial America. 1. IMPRISONMENT / ISOLATION / INCARCERATION /
COMMITMENT / INCAPACITATION– putting the offender
Pillory is a wooden frame with three (3) curved holes in in prison for the purpose of protecting the public against
it (two for the left and right wrists and the middle curved criminal activities and at the same time rehabilitating the
hole is for the neck) and mounted on the post upon a prisoners by requiring them to undergo institutional
platform. The condemned man is left to die at the mercy treatment programs.
of unfriendly weather. Other similar form with holes for the
offender’s feet is called a STOCK.

5. FLAGELLATION - X-designed log were cross-joined and DURATION OF PENALTIES

declined at 65 degrees backward. The hooded doomed-
man was tied on the cross-x with both hands spread 1. DEATH PENALTY – Capital punishment
upward while the feet were spread apart. The con-man is 2. LIFE IMPRISONMENT – life time imprisonment for
bear naked except in the skimpy short pants. SPL
 3. RECLUSION PERPETUA – 20 yrs and 1 day up to philosophy of punishment to a more humane treatment of
40 years prisoners with innovational programs.
4. RECLUSION TEMPORAL – 12 yrs and 1 day to 20
years imprisonment
5. PRISION MAYOR – 6 yrs and 1 day to 12 years JURIDICAL CONDITIONS (LEGAL REQUISITES) OF
6. PRISION CORRECTIONAL – 6 months and 1 day PENALTY (CCC-LE-PP)
to 6 years
7. ARRESTO MAYOR – 1 month and 1 day to 6 Punishment must be:
months
8. ARRESTO MENor – 1 day to 30 days 1. CERTAIN – no one must escape its effects.
9. BOND TO KEEP THE PEACE – discretionary on the 2. CORRECTIONAL – changes the attitude of offenders and
part of the court. become law-abiding citizens.
2. PAROLE - a conditional release of prisoners after serving 3. COMMENSURATE WITH THE OFFENSE – different
part of his/her sentence in prison for the purpose of crimes must be punished with different penalties (Art. 25,
gradually re-introducing him/her to free life under the RPC).
guidance and supervision of a parole officer.
3. PROBATION – a disposition whereby a defendant after 4. LEGAL – the consequence must be in accordance with
conviction of an offense, the penalty of which does not the law.
exceed six years imprisonment, is released subject to the 5. EQUAL – equal for all persons.
conditions imposed by the releasing court and under the 6. PRODUCTIVE OF SUFFERING – without however
supervision of a probation officer. affecting the integrity of the human personality.
4. FINE – an pecuniary amount given as a compensation for 7. PERSONAL – the guilty one must be the one to be
a criminal act. punished, no proxy.
5. DESTIERRO – the penalty of banishing a person from the
place where he committed a crime, prohibiting him to get THE PIONEERS CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM:
near or enter the 25-kilometer perimeter.
1. WILLIAM PENN (1614-1718)
- He fought for religious freedom and individual rights.
PURPOSES/JUSTIFICATIONS OF PUNISHMENT (RADIRR) - He is the first leader to prescribe imprisonment as
correctional treatment for major offenders.
1. RETRIBUTION (PERSONAL VENGEANCE / REVENGE) - He is also responsible for the abolition of death penalty
– the punishment should be provided by the state whose and torture as a form of punishment.
sanction is violated, to afford the society or the individual
the opportunity of imposing upon the offender suitable 2. CHARLES MONTESIQUIEU (Charles Louis Secondat,
punishment as might be enforced. Offenders should be Baron de la Brede et de Montesiquieu)
punished because they deserve it. - (1689- 1755) A French historian and philosopher who
analyzed law as an expression of justice. He believe that
2. ATONEMENT OR EXPIATION – it is punishment in the harsh punishment would undermine morality and that
form of group vengeance where the purpose is to appealing to moral sentiments as a better means of
appease the offended public or group. preventing crime.

3. DETERRENCE – punishment gives lesson to the offender 3. VOLTAIRE (Francois Marie Arouet)
by showing to others what would happen to them if they - (1694- 1778) He was the most versatile of all philosophers
violate the law. Punishment is imposed to warn potential during this period. He believes that fear of shame was a
offenders that they can not afford to do what the offender deterrent to crime. He fought the legality-sanctioned
has done. practice of torture.
4. INCAPACITATION AND PROTECTION – the public will
be protected if the offender has being held in conditions 4. CESARE BONESA, MARCHESE DE BECCARIA (F-RE-
where he cannot harm others especially the public. D)
Punishment is effected by placing offenders in prison so - He wrote an essay entitled “An Essay on Crimes and
that society will be ensured from further criminal Punishment”, the most exiting essay on law during this
depredations of criminals. century. It presented the humanistic goal of law.
5. REFORMATION OR REHABILITATION – it is the - “let the punishment fit the crime”
establishment of the usefulness and responsibility of the - Freewill
offender. Society’s interest can be better served by - Retribution
helping the prisoner to become law abiding citizen and - Deterrence
productive upon his return to the community by requiring
him to undergo intensive program of rehabilitation in 5. JEREMY BENTHAM (PHUF) - the greatest leader in the
prison. reform of English Criminal law. He believes that whatever
6. REINTEGRATION – it is the act wherein inmates were punishment designed to negate whatever pleasure or gain
able to return to their homeland. the criminal derives from crime, the crime rate would go
down.
VI. THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT / AGE OF REASON - Design the Panoptican Prison (Cylindical Prison)
- Hedonism – people will seek pleasure and avoid pain
18th Century is a century of change. It is the period of - Proposed the philosophy of utilitarianism
recognizing human dignity. It is the movement of reformation, - Advocated the imaginary mathematical formula of
the period of introduction of certain reforms in the correctional felicific calculus
field by certain person, gradually changing the old positive
- Bentham was the one who devise the ultimate
PANOPTICAN PRISON – a prison that consists of a large 4. SIR EVELYN RUGGLES BRISE – The Director of the
circular building containing multi cells around the English Prison who opened the Borstal Institution for
periphery. It was never built. young offenders. The Borstal Institution is considered as
Panopticon – to see everything or to observe the best reform institution for young offenders today.
Borstal Reformatory – the first juvenile reformatory in
6. JOHN HOWARD (1726 – 1790) – (ASSS) – the sheriff of England. The Borstal Institution of England is today
Bedsfordshire in 1773 who devoted his life and fortune considered best reform institutions for young
to prison reform. After his findings on English Prisons, he offenders.
recommended the following:
a. abolition of fee system by which jailers obtained NEW YORK HOUSE OF REFUGE - the first juvenile
money from prisoners reformatory in USA.
b. single cells for sleeping
c. segregation of women 5. WALTER CROFTON – He is the Director of the Irish
d. segregation of youth - provision of sanitation Prison in 1854 who introduced the Irish system that was
facilities modified from the Mocanochie’s mark system.

- Father of prison reform in the world, great prison - Progressive mark system
reformer - Irish System
- a philanthropist and the first English prison reformer - Father of parole in Ireland

7. ELAM LYNDS - warden of the Auburn and later of Sing

Sing (which he built), was one of the most influential
persons in the development of early prison discipline in 4 STAGES OF IRISH SYSTEM
America. He is described as having been a strict
disciplinarian who believe that all convicts were cowards I. The first stage of the Irish system was solitary
who could not be reformed until their spirit was broken. To confinement for nine months at a certain prison
this end he devised a system of brutal punishments and II. The second stage was an assignment to the public
degrading procedures, many of which remained as works at Spike Island. The prisoner worked his promotion
accepted practice until very recent times through a series of the grades, according to a mark system
III. In the third stage the prisoner without custodial supervision
8. JEAN JACQUES VILLAIN - Father of Penitentiary and was expose to ordinary temptations of freedom.
Science - pioneered classification to separate women and IV. The final stage was the release on supervision under
children from hardened criminals. conditions equivalent to present day parole.

9. JAMES V. BENNETT - Director of Federal Bureau of 6. ZEBULON BROCKWAY – The Director of the Elmira
Prisons, Wrote about closing of Alcatraz Prison , Built the Reformatory in New York (1876) who introduced certain
Federal Correctional Institution in Seagoville Texas innovational programs like the following: training school
type - compulsory education of prisoners - casework
10. ELIZABETH FRY - An English reformer sometimes methods - extensive use of parole - indeterminate
referred to as the "angel of prisons" because of her driving sentence
force behind new legislation to treat prisoners humanely
The ElMIRA REFORMATORY (THE HILL) is considered
forerunner of modern penology because it had all the elements
THE REFORMATORY MOVEMENT of a modern system. Extensively used Non-institutional
Corrections. A new institutional program for boys from 16 to 30
1. ALEXANDER MOCANOCHIE – He is the years of age.
Superintendent of the penal colony at Norfolk Island
in Australia (1840) who introduced the “Mark System”. A - ESTABLISHED ON 1876
system in which a prisoner is required to earn a number of
marks based on proper department, labor and study in GOLDEN AGE OF PENOLOGY – 1870 – 1880
order to entitle him for a ticket for leave or conditional
release which is similar to parole. Events: (ACA – IPPC – ER – CIW)
- Father of parole (in Australlia)
1. The National Prison Association, now American
2. MANUEL MONTESIMOS – The Director of Prisons in Correctional Association (ACA), was organized and its
Valencia Spain (1835) who divided the number of first annual Congress was held in Cincinati, Ohio.
prisoners into companies and appointed certain 2. The first International Prison Congress (IPC) was held in
prisoners as petty officers in charge, which allowed London. Representative of the government of the United
good behavior to prepare the convict for gradual release. States and European countries attended it. As a result of
this congress, the International Penal and Penitentiary
3. DOMETS OF FRANCE / FREDERICK AUGUST Commission, an inter-governmental organization was
DEMETS – established an agricultural colony for established in 1875 with headquarters at The Hague.
delinquent boys in 1839 providing housefathers as in 3. The Elmira Reformatory, which was considered as the
charge of these boys. The boys were housed in cottages forerunner of modern penology, was opened in Elmira, New
with house fathers as in charge. The system was based York in 1876. The figures of Elmira were a training school
on re-education rather than force. When discharge the type of institutional program, social casework in the
boys were place under the supervision of a patron. institution, and extensive of parole.
4. The first separate institutions for women were - (as defined in Bureau of Corrections Operating Manual)
established in Indiana and Massachusetts. refers to a national prisoner or one sentenced by the court
to serve a maximum term of imprisonment of more than
THE TWO RIVAL PRISON SYSTEM IN THE HISTORY OF three (3) years or to a fine of more than one thousand pesos
CORRECTION (P1, 000.00); or regardless of the length of the sentence
imposed by the court, to one sentenced for violation of the
A. AUBURN PRISON SYSTEM – the prison system called the Customs Law or other laws within the jurisdiction of the
“Congregate System” / GROUP SYSTEM Bureau of Customs or enforceable by it, or violation of
- The prisoners are confined in their own cells during the immigration and election laws; or to one sentenced to serve
night and congregate work in shops during the day. two (2) or more prison sentences in the aggregate
Complete silence was enforced. exceeding the period of three (3) years, whether or not he
has appealed. It shall include a person committed to the
HARD WOOD SHOPS – place where prisoners do their labor Bureau by a court or competent authority for safekeeping
or similar purpose. Unless otherwise indicated, “inmate”
B. PENNSYLVANIA PRISON SYSTEM (S-S-S) – the prisons shall also refer to a “detainee.”
system called “Solitary System” / SILENT SYSTEM /
SEPARATE SYSTEM. Prisoners are confined in single PERSON DEPRIVED OF LIBERTY - Refers to a detainee,
cells day and night where they lived, they slept, and they inmate, or prisoner, or other person under confinement or
ate and receive religious instructions. Complete Silence custody in any other manner. However, in order to prevent
was also enforced. They are required to read the Bible. labeling, branding or shaming by the use of these or other
derogatory words, the term “prisoner” has been replaced by this
In 1934, the League of Nations adopted the new and neutral phrase
“Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners “,
drafted by the IPCC. The League requested all governments to GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS
give the greatest possible publicity to the Rules; to take the
necessary measures in order that they might be observed; and 1. DETENTION PRISONERS – those detained for
to submit regular reports regarding their application and investigation, preliminary hearing, or awaiting trial. A
regarding the prison reforms achieved in the respective detainee in a lock up jail. They are prisoners under the
countries jurisdiction of Courts.

ALSO KNOWN AS “DETAINEE” – person who is confined in

PRISON prison pending preliminary investigation, trial or appeal; or upon
legal process issued by the competent authority.
- A penitentiary, an institution for the imprisonment – a person accused before a court or competent authority
(incarceration) of persons convicted of major/ serious who is temporarily confined in jail while undergoing
crimes. investigation, awaiting final judgment.
- A building, usually with cells, or other places established for 2. SENTENCED PRISONERS – offenders who are
the purpose of taking safe custody or confinement of committed to the jail or prison in order to serve their
criminals. sentence after final conviction by a competent court. They
- A place of confinement for those for those charged with or are prisoners under the jurisdiction of penal institutions.
convicted of offenses against the laws of the land.
- a public building or other place for the confinement of 3. PRISONERS WHO ARE ON SAFEKEEPING – includes
person, whether as a punishment imposed by the law or non-criminal offenders who are detained in order to protect
otherwise in the course of the administration of justice the community against their harmful behavior. Ex.
Mentally deranged individuals, insane person.
As defined in the BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS OPERATING
MANUAL, it also refers to a penal establishment under the SAFEKEEPING – the temporary custody of a person for his own
control of the Bureau of Corrections and shall include the New protection, safety, or care; and/or his security from harm, injury
Bilibid Prison, the Correctional Institution for Women, Leyte or danger for the liability he has committed.
Regional Prison, and the Davao, San Ramon, Sablayan, and
Iwahig Prison and Penal Farms. JAIL VS PRISON
WHO IS A PRISONER / INMATE?

- A prisoner is a person who is under the custody of lawful

authority. A person, who by reason of his criminal
sentence or by a decision issued by a court, may be
deprived of his liberty or freedom.
- A prisoner is any person detained/confined in jail or prison
for the commission of a criminal offense or convicted and
serving in a penal institution.
- A person committed to jail or prison by a competent
authority for any of the following reasons: To serve a
sentence after conviction – Trial – Investigation

INMATE – (brief definition) either a prisoner or detainee

confined in jail.
 CATEGORIES JAIL PRISON
Purpose Accept inmates who Accepts inmates CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS ACCORDING TO
committed minor who committed DEGREE OF SECURITY:
offense major offense
Agency BJMP BUCOR 1. SUPER MAXIMUM-SECURITY PRISONERS
Department DILG DOJ (INAPPLICABLE TO THE PHILIPPINE SETTING)
Law RA 6975 Act 1407 - A special group of prisoners composed of incorrigible,
RA 9263 EO 292 intractable, and highly dangerous persons who are
RA 10575 the source of constant disturbances even in a
Date of January 2, 1991 November 1, 1905 maximum-security prison.
Creation - They wear orange color of uniform.
Powers Accepts Detainees Accepts offenders 2. MAXIMUM SECURITY PRISONERS
and Convicts with 3 with above 3 years - The group of prisoners whose escape could be dangerous
years of imprisonment to the public or to the security of the state.
imprisonment - It consists of constant troublemakers but not as dangerous
Jurisdiction Controls all City, Supervised all as the super maximum-security prisoners. Their
Municipal and seven (7) insular movements are restricted and they are not allowed to work
District Jails prisons in the outside the institution but rather assigned to industrial
Country shops with in the prison compound.
Agency Head C, BJMP Director General - They are confined at the Maximum-Security Prison (NBP
(Director Rank) (USec) Main Building), they wear orange color of uniform.
Local Head Warden Superintendent - Prisoners includes those sentenced to serve sentence 20
Personnel Jail Officers Correction Officers years or more, or those whose sentenced are under the
Uniform of Yellow Max – Tangerine review of the Supreme Court, and offenders who are
Inmates Med – Blue criminally insane having severe personality or emotional
Min – Brown disorders that make them dangerous to fellow offenders or
staff members.

3. MEDIUM SECURITY PRISONERS

CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCED PRISONERS
- Those who cannot be trusted in open conditions and pose
lesser danger than maximum-security prisoners in case
1. INSULAR OR NATIONAL PRISONERS
they escape.
- Those sentenced to suffer a term of sentence of 3 years
- It consist of groups of prisoners who may be allowed to
and 1 day to life imprisonment.
work outside the fence or walls of the penal institution
- Those sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment cited
under guards or with escorts.
above but appealed the judgment and unable to file a bond
- They occupy the Medium Security Prison (Camp
for their temporary liberty.
Sampaguita) and they wear blue color of uniforms.
2. PROVINCIAL PRISONERS
Generally, they are employed as agricultural workers.
- Those persons sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment
- It includes prisoners whose minimum sentence is less
from 6 months and 1 day to 3 years or a fine not more than
than 20 years and life-sentenced prisoners who served at
1,000 pesos, or both; or
least 10 years inside a maximum security prison.
- Those detained therein waiting for preliminary
investigation of their cases cognizable by the RTC.
4. MINIMUM SECURITY PRISONERS
Nota Bene:
- A group of prisoners who can be reasonably trusted to
serve sentence under “open conditions”.
PROVINCIAL JAIL (1910) - under the office of the Governor.
- This group includes prisoners who can be trusted to report
Where the imposable penalty for the crime committed is more
to their work assignments without the presence of guards.
than six months but not more than 3 years and the same was
- They occupy the Minimum Security Prison (Camp Bukang
committed within the municipality, the offender must serve his
Liwayway) and wear brown color uniforms.
or her sentence in the provincial jail. Where the penalty imposed
exceeds three years, the offender shall serve his or her
sentence in the penal institutions of the Bureau of Corrections. CLASSIFICATION OF INMATES AS TO PRIVILEGES

3. CITY PRISONERS 1. 3RD CLASS – committed for three or more time as

- Those sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment from 1 sentenced prisoner.
day to 3 years or a fine of not more than 1,000 pesos or 2. 2ND CLASS – newly arrived inmate, demoted from 1st
both. class or promoted from 3rd class
- Those detained therein whose cases are filed with the 3. 1ST CLASS – known for character and credit for work
MTC. while in detention or one promoted from 2nd class
- Those detained therein whose cases are cognizable by 4. COLONIST – after one year after being promoted from 1st
the RTC and under Preliminary Investigation. class who served with good conduct the 1/5 of his
maximum sentence or served 7 years of his life sentence.
4. MUNICIPAL PRISONERS
- Those confined in Municipal jails to serve an imprisonment PRIVELEGES OF A COLONIST
from 1 day to 6 months.
- Those detained therein whose trials of their cases are
pending with the MTC.
1. Automatic commutation to 30 years of life 3) Must have passed the psychiatric/psychological, drug and
imprisonment physical test for the purpose of determining his/her physical
2. Deduction of 5 days / month and mental health;
3. Wear civilian clothes 4) Must possess a baccalaureate degree from a recognized
4. Can live with his family learning institution;
5) Must possess the appropriate civil service eligibility;
5. Subsidy from the Government 6) Must not have been dishonorably discharged or dismissed
6. Transportation allowance for cause from previous employment;
7. Use of Prison facilities 7) Must not have been convicted by final judgment of an
offense or crime involving moral turpitude; and
8) Must be at least one meter and sixty-two centimeters (1.62)
ORIGIN OF THE WORD PRISON m. in height for male, and one meter and fifty-seven
centimeters (1.57) m. for female:
- the word prison was derived from the Greco-Roman word 9) That a new applicant must not be less than twenty-one (21)
PRESIDIO or not more than forty (40) years of age.
- “PRE” means BEFORE and SIDIO means INSIDE. It is
synonymous to a fenced-cave or dungeon. THE SEVEN OPERATING CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES IN
THE PHILIPPINES
THE PHILIPPINE PRISON SYSTEM
Prior to the establishment of Bilibid Prison, prisoners were
The Philippine prison system is patterned after the confined in jails under the jurisdiction of Commandancias
Federal Bureau of Prisons of the United States. It is a bureau where law enforcement units were stationed. Commandancias
within the Department of Justice. were established in practically every province of the country.

1. BILIBID PRISONS
BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS
a. OLD BILIBID PRISON (CARCEL Y PRESIDIO
Bureau of Prisons was created under the CORRECTIONAL) – the main insular penitentiary during
Reorganization Act of 1905 (Act No. 1407 dated November 1, the Spanish regime. This was constructed in 1847 and
1905) as an agency under the Department of Commerce and was formally inaugurated in 1865 by virtue of the Royal
Police. Decree of the Spanish Crown. This is located at
Azcaraga St. (now Recto Ave.) then famous “May Haligue
Bureau of Prisons was renamed Bureau of Corrections Estate” at nearby Central Market at Oroquieta St.. This
under Executive Order 292 (Administrative Code) passed was constructed in radical spokes-of-a-wheel form with
during the Cory Aquino Administration. It states that the head of a tower in the center spoke for easy command and control.
the Bureau of Corrections is the Director of Prisons who is
appointed by the President of the Philippines with the COMPOSED OF 2 COMPOUNDS:
confirmation of the Commission of Appointments.
1. CARCEL – 600 INMATE CAPACITY
RA 10575 - Also known as The “Act Strengthening The Bureau 2. PRESIDIO – 527 INMATE CAPACITY
of Corrections and Providing Funds Therefore” Also Known as
BuCor Law of 2013” Commonwealth Act No. 67 was enacted, appropriating
one million (P1,000.000.00) pesos for the construction of a new
The Bureau of Corrections has general supervision national prison in the southern suburb of Muntinlupa, Rizal in
and control of all seven (7) national / insular prisons or 1935. The old prison was transformed into a receiving center
penitentiaries. It is charged with the safekeeping of all Insular and a storage facility for farm produce from the colonies
Prisoners confined therein or committed to the custody of the
Bureau. In 1936, the City of Manila exchanged its Muntinlupa
property with that of the Bureau of Prison lot, the Muntinlupa
BP 28 - law that change the name penal colony to penal farm property was intended as a site for Boys Training School, but
because it was too far, the City preferred the site of the Old
KEY POSITIONS Bilibid Prison, the present site of Manila City Jail (BJMP).

The BuCor shall be headed by a Director (Rank - b. NEW BILIBID PRISON, Muntinlupa City (Approximately
Undersecretary) who shall be assisted by three (3) Deputy 552 hectares) – this is where the Bureau of Corrections
Directors (Rank – Asst. Director): one (1) for administration, Central Office. The New Bilibid Prison has a capacity of
one (1) for security and operations and one (1) for 3,000 Prisoners. Within the complex are the three (3)
reformation, all of whom shall be appointed by the President security camps administered by a Penal Superintendent
upon the recommendation of the Secretary of the DOJ: and assisted by as Asst. Superintendent in each Camp.
Provided, That the Director and the Deputy Directors of the
BuCor shall serve a tour of duty not to exceed six (6) years The New Bilibid Prison has a capacity of 3,000 Prisoners.
from the date of appointment:
THE THREE (3) SECURITY CAMPS
MINIMUM QUALIFICATION FOR CORRECTION OFFICERS
a. MAXIMUM SECURITY COMPOUND (Main Building) is
1) A citizen of the Republic of the Philippines; for prisoners whose sentences are 20 years and above, life
2) A person of good moral character; termers or those under capital punishment, those with
pending cases, those under disciplinary punishment, those
 whose cases are on appeal, those under detention, and
those that do not fall under medium and minimum security San Ramon has an average population of 1,200 prisoners
status.
= wears tangerine shirt 3. IWAHIG PRISON AND PENAL FARM (Luhit), Puerto
= not allowed to do furlough Princesa, Palawan
- This type of institution is characterized by thick all
enclosures, 18 to 25 feet high. On top of the wall The Americans established in 1904 the LUHIT PENAL
are catwalks along which the guards patrol at night. SETTLEMENT (now Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm) on a vast
At corners and strategic places are tower posts reservation of 28,072 hectares. It would reach a total land area
manned by heavily armed guards. of 40,000 hectares in the late 1950s. Located on the
westernmost part of the archipelago far from the main town to
b. MEDIUM SECURITY COMPOUND (also known as Camp confine incorrigibles with little hope of rehabilitation, the area
Sampaguita) is for prisoners whose sentences are below was expanded to 41,007 hectares by virtue of Executive
20 years (computed from the minimum sentences per Order No. 67 issued by Governor Newton Gilbert on October
classification interpretation) and those classified for colony 15, 1912.
assignment.
- ENVISIONED BY : Gov. Luke E. Wright
- This type of institution is usually enclosed by two - ORDERED BY: Gov. Forbes
layers of wire fence. The inner fence is 12 to 14
feet high with curb and the outer fence is 8 to 12 - Envisioned as an institution for incorrigible criminals,
feet high. The two fences are from 18 to 20 feet apart. however, the first contingent of prisoners to be confined
Usually the top portion of the fence is provided with revolted against the authorities.
barbed wire. - On November1, 1905 under the Reorganization Act
1407, the policy was changed, instead of putting hardened
c. MINIMUM SECURITY COMPOUND (also referred to as criminals, well behaved and obedient inmates were sent
Camp Bukang Liwayway) is an open camp with less to the colony
restrictions and regimentation. This is for prisoners who are - The farm is predominantly designed for agro-industrial
65 years old and above, medically certified as invalids and activities. Within its area are four (4) sub-colonies: (CIMS)
for those prisoners who have six months or less to serve
before they are released from prison. 1. Central sub-colony
2. Inagawan sub-colony
▪ The lethal injection chamber is also located here. 3. Montible subcolony
4. Sta. Lucia sub-colony
▪ This type of institution is usually without a fence, and if
there is one, its purpose is to keep away the civilian - All these colonies are administered by a Penal Supervisor
population from entering the institution rather than - It administers the Tagumpay Settlement, which is
preventing escapes. approximately 1, 000 hectares, with six hectares
homestead lots distributed to inmates who desired to live
The New Bilibid Prison specializes in the industrial type of in the settlement after service of sentence.
vocational training. It operates a furniture shop, shoe - One of the best open institutions in the world.
repairing shop, blacksmith and tinsmith shop, auto
mechanics and automobile body building shop, tailoring, Date established: Nov. 16, 1905
electronics, watch-repairing carpentry, and rattan furniture By virtue of: Reorganization Act of 1407
shop. It is also engaged in track gardening, poultry, piggery Land area: Approximately 36, 000 hectares – 41,007 (1912)
and animal husbandry. Principal product: rice, corn, copra and other forest product

2. SAN RAMON PRISON AND PENAL FARM, Zamboanga - Largest penal colony
del Sur – founded by Capt. Ramon Blanco, a member of - Prison without walls
the Spanish Royal Army and named the prison facility after - The most open prison facility
his patron saint. This was initially intended for the - The best and the finest prison
confinement of political prisoners during Spanish era.
It was closed during the Spanish-American War and was 4. CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION FOR WOMEN,
reopened during the American occupation. It has three Mandaluyong City
facilities (maximum, medium, minimum). The penal farm - The only female institution in the Philippines
was designed to promote agro-industrial activities. - Since 1934, a female Superintendent was assigned to
supervise the prison facility.
On August 21, 1869, the San Ramon Prison and - LOCATED AT WELFARE VILLE MANDALUYONG CITY
Penal Farm in Zamboanga City was established to confine
Muslim rebels and recalcitrant political prisoners opposed Year established: 1931
to the Spanish rule. The facility, which faced the Jolo sea had
Spanish-inspired dormitories and was originally set on a By virtue of: Act 3579 which was passed on Nov. 27, 1929
1,414-hectare sprawling estate. Vocational activities: Dress making, beauty culture,
handicrafts
Land area: Currently approximately 1,546 hectares Capacity: 200
Principal product: Copra, rice, coffee, etc.
Year established: 1869 – 1870
Trivia
- 2nd oldest prison after OBP
 First Women's Prison - opened in Indiana 1873. Based on the transfer of inmates so they could assist in maintenance and
reformatory model. other operations in the stockade.

5. LEYTE REGIONAL PRISON, Abuyog, S. Leyte 6. BONTOC PRISON -The Philippine Legislature during the
American regime passed Act No. 1876 providing for the
Date established: Jan. 16, 1973 establishment of a prison in Bontoc in Mountain
- under Proclamation No. 1101 Province. The prison was built for the prisoners of the
- It is a prison facility, which has a receiving and process province and insular prisoners who were members of the
station. non-Christian tribes of Mountain Province and Nueva
- It has three security facilities – maximum, medium, Vizcaya.
minimum
- Because of its terrain, prison agro-industrial activities ADMISSION PROCEDURES IN PRISON
could not be fully developed.
- Youngest prison 1. RECEIVING – the new prisoner is received at the RDC.
- Built during martial law - Ferdinand Marcos The new prisoner usually comes from a provincial or city
- Fastest growing prison jail where he was immediately committed upon conviction
- Max capacity – 500 prisoners by the court, and escorted by the escort platoon during his
transfer to the National Prison.
6. SABLAYAN PRISON AND PENAL FARM, Sablayan, 2. CHECKING OF COMMITMENT PAPERS – the receiving
San Jose, Mindoro Occidental officer checks the commitment papers if they are in order.
That is, if they contain the signature of the judge or the
- With four sub-colonies within the prison compound: signature of the clerk of court, and the seal of the court.
1. Central sub-colony 3. IDENTIFICATION / BOOKING– the prisoner’s identity
2. Pusog sub-clony is established through the picture and fingerprint
3. Pasugui sub-colony appearing in the commitment order. This is to ensure
4. Yapag sub-colony that the person being committed is the same as the person
being named in the commitment order.
- This penal farm is intended for agro-industrial activities 4. SEARCHING / SHAKEDOWN (PRUBS)– this step
involves the frisking of the prisoner and searching his
Land area: Approximately 16, 408.5 hectares personal things. Weapons and other items classified as
By virtue of: Proclamation no. 72 contraband are confiscated and deposited to the property
Date established: Sept. 26, 1954 custodian. Other properties are deposited with the trust
Principal product: Rice fund officer under recording and receipts.
a. PAT – patting of subjects clothing
- NEAREST PENAL COLONY IN MANILA b. RUB – patting of body over the clothing including the
groin, buttocks and breast
7. DAVAO PRISON AND PENAL FARM, Tagum, Davao del c. STRIP – naked search
Norte d. BODY CAVITY SEARCH – expose body cavities like
- The Davao Penal Colony was established on January 21, anus and vagina to look for contrabands.
1932, in accordance, with Act No. 3732 and Proclamation 5. BRIEFING AND ORIENTATION – the prisoner will be
No. 414, series of 1931. With two sub-colonies: brief and oriented on the rules and regulations of the
1. Panabo sub-colony prison before he will be assigned to the RDC or the
2. Kapalong sub-colony quarantine unit.
- Administer the Tanglaw Settlement for those inmates who 6. Issuance of Clothes and Equipment - from the receiving
desire to live within the compound office, the new prisoner goes to the supply room where he
receives his prison uniform, mosquito net and beddings.
- 30,000 HECTARES 7. Assignment to Quarters - after the prisoner is issued his
- First headed by: GEN. PAULINO SANTOS clothing’s and beddings, he is sent to the quarantine unit.
- RICHEST AND HIGHEST INCOME EARNER The quarantine may be a unit of the prison or a section of
- BIGGEST BANANA AND ABACA PLANTATION the Reception Center.

BUCOR’S DIRECTORATE FOR RECEPTION AND

NON – OPERATIONAL PRISONS IN THE PHILIPPINES DIAGNOSTICS
(FORMERLY RECEPTION AND DIAGNOSTIC CENTER)
1. FORT BONIFACIO - A committee report submitted to then
President Carlos P. Garcia described Fort Bonifacio, This is a special unit of prison (Camp Sampaguita
formerly known as Fort William McKinley, as a military where new prisoners undergo diagnostic examination, study
reservation located in Taguig, which was established after and observation for the purpose of determining the programs
the Americans came to the Philippines. The prison was of treatment and training best suited to their needs FOR A
originally used as a detention centre for offenders of US TOTAL PERIOD OF 60 DAYS and the institution to which they
military laws and ordinances. should be transferred.

5. CORREGIDOR PRISON - In 1908 during the American

regime, some 100 prisoners were transferred from the Old It is composed of the following staff members:
Bilibid Prison to Corregidor Island to work under military
authorities. This move was in accordance with an order 1. PSYCHIATRIST – responsible in the examination of the
from the Department of Instructions, which approved the prisoner’s mental and emotional make-up.
2. PSYCHOLOGIST – responsible to conduct study on the 3. Workhouses, Jail Farms or Camp – a facility that houses
character and behavior of the prisoners. minimum custody offenders who are serving short
3. SOCIOLOGIST – study the social case situation of the sentences or those who are undergoing constructive work
individual prisoner. programs. It provides full employment of prisoners,
4. EDUCATIONAL COUNSELOR – conducts orientation remedial services and constructive leisure time activities.
classes in order to change inmates’ attitude towards
education and recommends educational program for the BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY
prisoner. (BJMP)
5. VOCATIONAL COUNSELOR – to test the prisoner’s
special abilities, interest and skills and recommends for The BJMP exercises supervision and control over all cities
the vocational course best suited to the prisoner. and municipal jails throughout the country. The enactment of
6. CHAPLAIN – encourage the prisoner to participate in Republic Act no. 6975 created the BJMP and further amended
religious activities. by RA 9263 of the BFP and BJMP Professionalization Act of
7. MEDICAL OFFICER – conducts physical examination and 2004. It operates as a line bureau under the Department of the
recommends medical treatment of prisoners. Interior and Local Government (DILG).
8. CUSTODIAL-CORRECTIONAL OFFICER – recommends
the transfer and type of custody of inmates. J/DIR. CHARLES MONDEJAR - the first chief of the BJMP way
back its establishment

MISSION
THE QUARANTINE CELL OR UNIT
To enhance public safety by ensuring humane
This may be a unit of the prison or a section of the RDC safekeeping and development of Persons Deprived of Liberty
where the prisoner is given thorough physical examination (PDL) in all district, city, and municipal jails for their integration
including blood test, x-rays, vaccinations and immunity for 5 to to society.
10 days. This is for the purpose of insuring that the prisoner is
not suffering from any contagious disease, which might be VISION
transferred to the prison population.
A premier institution highly regarded by society for the
THE NATIONAL CORRECTIONS CONSCIOUSNESS WEEK secure and humane treatment of Persons Deprived of Liberty
(PDL) by its competent and motivated corps.
✓ Every last week of October
✓ By virtue of Proclamation Number 551 signed on March OBJECTIVES OF THE BJMP:
15, 1995, by former President Fidel V. Ramos
1. To improve the living conditions of the offenders in
WHAT IS A JAIL? accordance with the accepted standards set by the United
Nations.
JAIL – is a place for locking-up of persons who are convicted of 2. To enhance rehabilitation and reformation of offenders in
minor offenses or felonies who are to serve a short sentence preparation for their eventual reintegration into the
imposed upon them by a competent court, or for confinement of mainstream of society upon their release.
persons who are awaiting trial or investigation of their cases. 3. To professionalize jail services.

– a place of confinement for inmates under BJMP CORE VALUES

investigation, awaiting or undergoing trial or PRO.T.E.C.S.
serving sentence. PRO - Professionalism
T - Teamwork
– is a building or place of confinement of arrested or E - Efficiency / Competence
sentenced persons. It is usually made up of cells which C - Commitment
are made up of small rooms or enclosures where S - Self-Discipline
prisoners are actually kept or confined (People vs. POWERS, FUNCTIONS AND ORGANIZATION OF THE
Caricaban, 13672-CR, Sept. 9, 1965) BJMP
A. Powers:
ORIGIN OF THE WORD JAIL
The Bureau shall exercise supervision and control
- It is said to have been derived from the Spanish word over all districts, city and municipal jails to ensure a secured,
JAULO / CAULA which means a CAGE. clean, sanitary and adequately equipped jail for the custody
- It is also said to have been derived from the French word and safekeeping of city and municipal prisoners, any fugitive
GAOL pronounced as “geole”, a place for the arrested from justice or persons detained awaiting investigation or trial
criminals. and/or transfer to the National Penitentiary, and any violent,
mentally ill person who endangers himself or the safety of
TYPES OF JAILS (LOW) others.

1. LOCK-UP JAILS – is a security facility, common to police B. Organization and Key Positions in the BJMP:
stations, used for temporary confinement of an individual
held for investigation. The BJMP, also referred to as the Jail Bureau, was
2. ORDINARY JAILS – is the type of jail commonly used to created pursuant to Section 60, R.A. no. 6975, and initially
detain a convicted criminal offender to serve sentence less consisting of uniformed officers and members of the Jail
than three years.
management and Penology service as constituted under P.D. trained subordinate executives, sufficient authority for
no. 765. management of daily operations in line with established
policy.
The Bureau shall be headed by a chief with the rank
of Director, and assisted by a Deputy Chief with the Rank of 2. CONTROL PRISON OPERATIONS AND ACTIVITIES - It
Chief Superintendent. has always been important to insure that the program and
policy are carried out and avoid mismanagement by
The Central Office is the Command and Staff HQ of the incompetent personnel or by individual or group of inmates
Jail Bureau composed of 3 Command Groups, 6 Coordinating getting into positions of power. The warden depends more
Staff Divisions, 6 Special Staff Groups and 6 Personal Staff on sound organizational planning, written manual policies
Groups namely: and procedures, and an effective communications system
than controlling operations by constant personnel
1. Command Group inspection of all areas and frequent contact with all
- Chief, BJMP (Director Rank) personnel and a large number of inmates.
- Deputy C/BJMP (Admin and Operation)
- Chief of Directorial Staff 3. PUBLIC RELATION - The warden today provides
leadership to involve all personnel in a program aimed at
2. Coordinating Staff Groups gaining public understanding, goodwill and community
- Administrative Division acceptance.
- Operations Division
- Logistics Division - EQUIPMENT 4. PERSONNEL PROGRAM - It is the warden’s responsibility
- Finance Management Division - COMPTROLLERSHIP to provide leadership and assign responsibility for
- Research Plans and Programs Division recruitment, selection, training and supervision of
- Inspection and Investigation Division personnel.

3. Special Staff Groups EXECUTIVE LEADERSHIP - must be constantly demonstrated

- General Services Unit – REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE by the administrative head. He must offer leadership and
- Health Services Unit motivation to his staff in his personal drive, knowledge and
- Chaplain Services Unit – SPIRITUAL SERVICES sincerity of purpose and must tie together all programs or
- Community Services Unit discipline in cementing a meaningful administrative course.
- Finance Services Unit
- Hearing Office RANK CLASSIFICATION OF THE BJMP (RA 9263)
4. Personal Staff Groups
- Aide-de-Camp RANK POSITION APPOINTING RECOMMENDING
- Intelligence Office AUTHORITY AUTHORITY
DIRECTOR C, BJMP
- Public Information Office C/SUPT. DEPUTY PRESIDENT DILG SEC.
- Legal Office C, BJMP
- Adjudication Office SR. SUPT RD DILG C, BJMP
- Internal Audit SECRETARY
SUPT ASST. RD
C/ INSP WARDEN
REGIONAL OFFICE: C, BJMP IMMEDIATE
SINSP WARDEN
INSP WARDEN SUPERIOR
At the Regional Level, each Region shall have a JO1 - JAIL RD
designated Regional Director for Jail management and SJO4 GUARDS
Penology.

PROVINCIAL LEVEL: The BFP and the BJMP shall be respectively headed
by a Chief who shall be assisted by two (2) deputy chiefs, one
In the Provincial Level, there shall be designated a (1) for administration and one (1) for operations, all of whom
Provincial Jail Administrator to perform the same functions as shall be appointed by the President upon recommendation
the ARDs province wide. of the Secretary of the DILG from among the qualified officers
with at least the rank of senior superintendent in the service
DISTRICT OFFICE: (RA 9263 Sec. 3)
In the District Level, where there are large cities and
municipalities, a district jail with subordinate jails, headed by a NOTE: All uniformed personnel of the BJMP shall be trained in
District warden may be established as necessary. the National Jail Training Institute under the Philippine Public
Safety College (PPSC-NJTI)
CITY AND MUNICIPAL OFFICE:

In the City and Municipal level, a city or municipal

Warden shall head each jail.
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
FUNCTIONS OF A JAIL WARDEN OR PRISON
SUPERINTENDENT A. WARDEN
- Direction, Coordination, and Control of the Jail
1. DECISION MAKING - is important in the prison setting. The - Responsible for the:
warden limits his role to considering policy matters and
major problems. He delegates with confidence, to well- Security, safety, discipline and well-being of inmates
 - Tasked to receive court decisions and compute
The office of the warden may organize the following units: the date of the full completion of the service of
sentence of inmates.
1. Intelligence and Investigation Team
– It gathers, collates and submits intelligence information to the MITTIMUS – is a warrant issued by a court directing the jail or
office of the warden on matter regarding the jail prison authorities to receive the convicted offender for the
condition. service of sentence imposed therein or for detention.

2. Jail Inspectorate Section D. SECURITY GROUPS - The security groups provides a

- Inspect jail facilities, personnel, prisoners and submit system of sound custody, security and control of inmates
reports to the warden. and their movements and also responsible to enforce
3. Public Relation Office prison or jail discipline.
- Maintain public relation to obtain the necessary and
adequate public support. 1. ESCORT PLATOON

B. ASSISTANT WARDEN a) ESCORT SECTION – to escort inmate upon order of any

judicial body; upon summon of a court; or transfer to other
- The office of the Assistant Warden undertakes the penal institutions. Ratio of 1:2 (one inmate: 2 jail officers)
development of a systematic process of treatment.
- Chairman of the Classification Board and Disciplinary b) SUBPOENA SECTION – receives and distribute court
Board. summons, notices, subpoenas, etc.

Note: Once the inmate has undergone the registration process; 2. SECURITY PLATOON – a three (3) working platoon shifts
he/she will be temporarily housed at the Inmate Classification responsible for overall security of the jail compound
and Counseling Unit (ICCU) in jails where it is available. The including gates, guard posts and towers. They are also
inmate shall stay at the ICCU for a minimum period of thirty responsible for the admitting and releasing unit.
(30) days but not exceeding sixty (60) days or until the
completion of the classification process. At the ICCU, the newly JAIL MANNING LEVEL
committed inmate will undergo assessment by the different
health professionals. 1. CUSTODIAL RATIO – 1 personnel for every 7 inmates
2. COURT ROOM RATIO – 2 personnel for every 1 inmate
ICCU – Equivalent of Reception and Diagnostic Center of BuCor 3. ESCORT RATIO – 1 personnel for every 1 inmate plus
one personnel for high risk inmate
C. ADMINISTRATIVE GROUPS 4. LONG DISTANCE TRAVEL – Minimum of 3 personnel
5. REFORMATION OFFICER RATION – 1 personnel to 24
The administrative groups take charge of all administrative inmates
functions of the jail bureau.
E. REHABILITATION PURPOSES GROUPS:
1. PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT BRANCH
- Assignment of personnel - This group provides services and assistance to prisoners
- Procedures of selection and their families to enable them to solve their individual
- Preparation of personnel reports needs and problems arising from the prisoners’ confinement.
- Individual record file 1. MEDICAL AND HEALTH SERVICES BRANCH - Provides
2. RECORDS AND STATISTICS BRANCH medical and physical examinations of inmates upon
- Keep and maintain booking sheets and arrest confinement, treatment of sick inmates and conduct
reports medical and physical examinations and provide medicines
- Keep an orderly record of fingerprints and or recommends for the hospitalization of seriously ill
photographs prisoners or inmates. It also conducts psychiatric and
- Present/ Prepare statistical data of inmates psychological examinations.
2. WORK AND EDUCATION THERAPY SERVICES - It take
3. PROPERTY AND SUPPLY BRANCH charge of the job and educational programs needed for
- Take charge of the safekeeping of equipments and rehabilitation of inmates by providing them job incentives so
supplies and materials needed for the operation of they can earn and provide support for their families while in
the jail. jail.

4. BUDGET AND FINANCE BRANCH EDUCATION – CORNERSTONE of rehabilitation or the most

- Take charge of all financial matters such as important program of rehabilitation
budgeting, financing, accounting, and auditing.
5. MESS SERVICE BRANCH 3. SOCIO- CULTURAL SERVICES - It takes care of the social
- Take charge of the preparation of the daily menu, case work study of the individual prisoners by making
prepares and cook the food and serve it to inmates. interviews, home visits, referral to community resources,
free legal services, and liaison works for the inmates.
6. GENERAL SERVICE BRANCH 4. CHAPLAINCY SERVICES - It takes charge of the religious
- Responsible for the maintenance and repair of jail and moral upliftment of the inmates through religious
facilities and equipment. It is also task with the services. This branch caters to all religious sects.
cleanliness and beautification of the jail compound. 5. GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING SERVICES -
Responsible for the individual and group counseling
7. MITTIMUS COMPUTING BRANCH
 activities to help inmates solve their individual problems r. Affiliating with any gang or faction whose main purpose is
and to help them lead a wholesome and constructive life. to foment regionalism or to segregate themselves from
others;
BJMP MANUAL SECTION 30 s. Failing to inform the authorities concerned when afflicted
PUNISHABLE ACTS with any communicable disease, such as tuberculosis,
sexually-transmitted diseases, etc.;
1. MINOR OFFENSES: t. Engaging in gambling or any game of chance;
a. Bartering and Vending u. Committing any act which violates any law or ordinance,
b. Personal Services in which case, he/she shall be prosecuted criminally in
c. Untidy Appearance accordance with law; and
d. Littering v. Committing any act prejudicial to good order and
e. Groundless complaints; discipline.
f. Reporting complaints on behalf of other inmates;
g. Late in headcount Any personnel, especially warden, found to be allowing
h. Waste of food. and tolerating any violation mentioned above will be
immediately relieved from his/her designation without prejudice
2. LESS GRAVE OFFENSES: to his or her being administratively charged.
a. Absent in prison labor
b. Failure to render assistance to an injured personnel or Section 26. DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE
inmate and in putting out fires inside the jail; DISCIPLINARY BOARD – The Board is tasked to investigate
c. Improper behavior during religious, social and other group the facts of an alleged misconduct referred to it. It shall hold
functions; sessions as often as necessary in a room, which may be
d. Profanity provided for the purpose. All cases referred to it shall be heard
e. Malingering and decided within forty-eight (48) hours from the date of
f. Spreading rumors receipt of the case.
g. Failure to give due respect to any BJMP personnel;
h. Forcing to render personal service to him/her and/or to DISCIPLINARY PUNISHMENTS IN JAIL / PRISON
others;
i. Exchanging uniforms and wearing unauthorized uniforms 1. Counsel and reprimand
j. Loitering 2. Reduced Diet
k. Unauthorized use of telephone 3. Loss of Privileges
l. Vandalism 4. Loss of Good Conduct Time Allowance
m. Withholding information 5. Close Confinement
n. lewd or pornographic literature and/or photographs;
o. absent in headcount THE TREATMNENT PROGRAMS
p. Failure to turn over any implement/article/s issued after
work detail. A. The Institutionalized Treatment Programs
3. GRAVE OFFENSES:
a. Malicious lying 1. PRISON EDUCATION – the cornerstone of
b. Keeping or concealing keys or locks rehabilitation. It is the process or result of formal training
c. Direct / indirect bribery in school or classrooms intended to shape the mind and
d. Possession of contrabands attitude of prisoners towards good living upon their
e. Tattooing others or allowing him/her to be tattooed release.
f. Extortion
g. Punishing or inflicting injury or any harm upon 2. WORK PROGRAMS / LIVELIHOOD PROGRAMS –
himself/herself or other inmates; these are programs conducive to change behavior in
h. Concealing or withholding information on plans of morale by training prisoners for a useful occupation. It is
attempted escapes; purposely to eliminate idleness on the part of prisoners,
i. Unruly conduct and flagrant disregard for discipline and which may contribute to “Prison stupor”, and it affects the
instructions; incidence of Prison riot.
j. Escaping, attempting or planning to escape from the
institution or from any guard; a. INDUSTRIAL PROGRAMS – concerned in goods or
k. Helping, aiding or abetting others to escape; products production
l. Fighting, causing any disturbance or participating therein b. AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMS – concerned in crops
and/or agitating to cause such disturbance or riot; and farm activities and programs
m. Indecent, immoral or lascivious acts by himself/herself or
others and/or allowing himself/herself to be the subject of 3. RELIGIOUS SERVICES IN PRISON / SPIRITUAL
such indecent, immoral or lascivious acts; PROGRAMS- The purpose of this program is to change
n. Willful disobedience to a lawful order issued by any BJMP the attitudes of inmates by inculcating religious values or
personnel; belief.
o. Assaulting any BJMP personnel;
p. Damaging any government property or equipment; 4. SPORTS AND RECREATIONAL PROGRAMS - The only
q. Participating in kangaroo court, an unauthorized or leisure program that is conducted during free time
irregular court conducted with disregard for or perversion schedule.
of legal procedures as a mock court by the inmates in a
jail/prison; 5. MEDICAL AND HEALTH SERVICES - Medical and
health services includes: Mental and physical examination
 - Diagnosis and treatment – Immunization – Sanitary - ✓ PARDON – released by the order of the
inspections - Participation in training President
✓ AMNESTY - released by the order of the
6. COUNSELING AND CASEWORK President and Congress

PENAL SERVITUDE / PRISON LABOR b. Before an inmate is released, he/she shall be properly
identified to ensure that he/she is the same person
PENAL SERVITUDE – a punishment, which consist of keeping received and will be released. His/her marks and
an offender in confinement and compelling him to labor. fingerprints shall be verified with those taken when
-Also known as PRISON LABOR he/she was received.
-Penal servitude is being conducted in HARD WOOD SHOPS
Any changes or differences in his/her distinguishing marks
Types: and scars shall be investigated to ascertain his/her real identity
in order to prevent the mistaken release of another person.
1. LEASE SYSTEM - The state turns the prisoners over
to a private lease. The latter feeds, clothes, guards, c. No inmate shall be released on a mere verbal order or an
and houses and disciplines the prisoners. This system order relayed by telephone. The release of an inmate by
prevailed in the southern states of the United States. reason of acquittal, dismissal of case, payment of fines
These systems no longer exist. (Private Controlled and/or indemnity, of filing of bond, shall be effected only
with Less Government Supervision) upon receipt of the Release Order served by the court
2. CONTRACT SYSTEM - The state, under this system, process server.
retains control of the prisoner and the contractor
merely engages with the state for the labor of the The Court Order shall bear the full name of the inmate,
inmates, which is performed within or near the prison. the crime he/she was charged with, the criminal case
The contractor supplies the raw material and number and such other details that will enable the officer in
supervises the work and pays the institution the charge to properly identify the inmate to be released.
stipulated amount for the services of the prisoners.
This system no longer exists too. (Government ✓ Upon proper verification from the court of the authenticity
Controlled with Private Paying Contractor) of the Order, an inmate shall be released promptly and
3. PRICE-PIECE SYSTEM - Under this system the without unreasonably delay.
contractor supplies the raw materials and pays the ✓ Under proper receipt, all money earned and other
state a determined amount for the work done on each valuables held in trust when first admitted, shall be
article produced. The institution retains control of the returned to the inmate upon release.
inmates including the daily quantity of work required. ✓ The released inmate shall be issued a Certification of
This system has also been abolished. (Government Discharge from jail by the Warden/Wardress or his/her
Controlled prison with Private company authorized representative.
partnership paying per piece of work)
4. PUBLIC ACCOUNT SYSTEM - In the Public Account PREGNANT FEMALE INMATE
System, the state buys the raw material, manufactures
and sells the products and assumes all the risks of Pregnant women must be given special considerations
conducting a manufacturing business. Today, prison- and if ever that the child was born, the said child will have to
made products cannot be sold in the open market. stay to his/her mother for not more than 1 year (for BuCor) or 1
(Full Government Control) month (for BJMP)
5. STATE-USE SYSTEM - Under this system, the state CAN AN INMATE GET MARRIED?
conducts the manufacture of the article but the use of
the article is limited to state owned institutions. The ✓ Yes
principle of the system is that the state produces ✓ but it should Be held inside the jail
articles or merchandise for its own consumption alone ✓ Request must be produced to the superintendent
and in the process, affords the prisoner opportunities ✓ Expenses must be shouldered by the inmate
to train for a vocation. (Government Manufactures ✓ Solemnized by the prison chaplain
for its own consumption) ✓ No media coverage
6. PUBLIC WORKS AND WAYS SYSTEM — Prison ✓ No jail personnel sponsors and witness
labor is used in the construction and repair of public
buildings, roads, bridges, flood control, reforestation, MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS ABOUT INSTITUTIONAL
clearing land, preventing soil erosion, etc. The system CORRECTION
does not involve the application of prison labor to the
production of consumption goods. (inmate in public ✓ The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the
works) treatment of offenders prescribes that penal institution
should not exceed 1,200 inmates. Smaller institutions
MODES AND GUIDELINES OF RELEASE – The following should however not be too small as to make operating cost
modes and guidelines shall be observed when inmates are to too expensive.
be released from detention. ✓ Super Security Facility - A small portion of any prison
population consists of incorrigibles, recidivists, escape
a. An inmate may be released through: artists, and chronic troublemakers. This category of
✓ SERVICE OF SENTENCE – released by director prisoners should be confined in a unit or institution separate
✓ ORDER OF THE COURT – thru probation or from the general population.
acquittal
✓ PAROLE – by BPP BUCOR’S TEAMS UNDER RIOT AND DISORDERS
 b. EDUCATION AND TRAINING PERSONNEL-TO-
❑ GROUP 1 – anti riot assault with shields, head gear, INMATE ratio is 1:120; (1 teacher : 120 inmates)
gas mask and baton to disperse the rioters and leaders c. WORK AND LIVELIHOOD PERSONNEL-TO-
❑ GROUP 2 – backup team with tear gas and gas INMATE ratio is 1:180; (1 vocational officer : 180
grenades inmates)
❑ GROUP 3 – fire arms team, use firearms with d. SPORTS AND RECREATION PERSONNEL-TO-
permission of the guard in charge INMATE ratio is 1:225; (1 sports officer : 225
inmates )
e. HEALTH AND WELFARE PERSONNEL-TO-
BASIC POINTS ON DEALING WITH JAILBREAKS INMATe ratio is 1:80; and ( 1 health officer : 80
(SALVARI VITAS) inmates )
f. BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION PERSONNEL-TO-
S – Sound the alarm (control center) INMATE ratio is 1:150. (1 Behavior Mod Officer : 150
A – Ask for assistance of the nearest police station and Inmates )
medical team
L – Lock all inmates in their respective cells BUCOR OFFICERS BASIC QUALIFICATION
V – Visitor out or kept in a secured area
A – All members of the custodial force must be issued fire All of the requirements asked by law is very much the
arms same as of the PNP, BFP and BJMP but only differs in
R – Ready to plug-off escape routes mandatory AGE requirement which is 21 to 40 years old for the
I – Issue Anti-riot equipment BuCor.
V – Visit the scene and engage
I – Initiate dispersal and use gas grenades with permission of COUNTING OF INMATES - Prisoners should be counted four
the officer in charge. times a day or oftener. During change of shifts, guards on duty
T – Tactical teams as last resort must be certain that all prisoners are present and accounted for.
A – accounting of inmates and personnel In counting prisoners at night, the guard should "see flesh and
S – save the injured hear voice" before recording them as present.

SALIENT POINTS ON RA 10575

“BUCOR LAW OF 2013”

CLASSIFICATION OF DORMITORY

1. TYPE A DORMITORY – above 500 inmate capacity and

lot area of more than 1.5 hectares
2. TYPE B DORMITORY – 101 to 500 inmate capacity and
lot area of 1.5 hectares
3. TYPE C DORMITORY – 1 to 100 inmate capacity and lot
area of 3,000 sq. m.

CELL CAPACITY (1 Cell : 4.7 sq. meters per inmate : 10

maximum inmate per cell : 5 Maximum Beds by 2 floors)

1. IDEAL HABITABLE FLOOR AREA PER INMATE =

4.7 square meters
2. MAXIMUM NUMBER OF INMATES PER CELL = 10
3. MAXIMUM NUMBER OF BUNKS BEDS = 5 units
two level

KEY POSITIONS

The BuCor shall be headed by a Director who shall

be assisted by three (3) Deputy Directors: one (1) for
administration, one (1) for security and operations and one
(1) for reformation, all of whom shall be appointed by the
President upon the recommendation of the Secretary of the
DOJ who shall have a tenure of 6 years.

BUCOR MANNING LEVEL

1. 1:7 for three (3) shifts and

2. reformation personnel-to-inmate ratio of 1:24 for one (1)
shift.
3. reformation ratio is broken down into the following:
a. MORAL AND SPIRITUAL PERSONNEL-TO-
INMATE ratio is 1:240; (1 priest : 240 inmates)