Mse Notes - Unit - 3
Mse Notes - Unit - 3
Mse Notes - Unit - 3
UNIT-3
NON-FERROUS METALS AND ALLOYS
• A non-ferrous metal is a metal, including alloys, that does not contain iron (ferrite) in
appreciable amount.
• Non-ferrous metals include aluminum, copper, lead, zinc and tin, as well as
precious metals like gold and silver .alloys such as Brass.
• Their main advantage over ferrous materials is their malleability.
• They find there application in industries because of there ease of
fabrication(forging,casting,rolling,welding,and machining).
• They are good conductor of heat and electricity,resistance to corrosion.
• At high temperature there strength will be lowered and shrinkage will be more than ferrous
materials
8. Chromium
9. Magnesium…etc
1.Copper
Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu (from Latin: cuprum) and atomic
number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and
electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkish-
orange color.
Properties of copper
1. It is reddish brown in color
2. It is soft,strong,tough,malleable and ductile.
3. It becomes brittle just before melting.
4. It resists corrosion.
5. It is good conductor of both heat and electricity next to silver.
6. It can forged,soldered,rolled,and drawn into thin wires.
7. Specific gravity is 8.93,melting point is 1083.
Uses of copper.
ALLOYS OF COPPER
Brass
• Brass are primarily alloys of copper and zinc with small quantity of other
elements.
• Brass is most commonly used copper alloy
• Brass have greater tensile strength than copper metal,but have lower thermal
and electrical conductivity.
• They have high resistivity to corrosion,they are soft ductile and malleable.
• The machinability and hardness can be increased by varying the elements in
brass.
• The melting point of brass varies from 800-1000⁰C
TYPES OF BRASS
1. Muntz metal
2. White brass
3. Yellow brass
4. Catridge brass
5. Delta metal
6. Low brass
7. Red brass
8. Naval brass
• Brass is the generic term for a range of copper-zinc alloys with differing
combinations of properties, including strength, machinability, ductility,
wear-resistance, hardness, colour, electrical and thermal conductivity,
hygiene and corrosion resistance.
1. Locks.
2. Gears.
3. Bearings.
4. Valves.
5. Braces.
6. Brackets.
7. Base plates
Bronze
Properties of bronze
• Highly ductile.
• Bronze exhibits low friction against other metals.
• Many bronze alloys display the unusual property of expanding a small amount
when solidifying from a liquid into a solid. For sculpture casting, this is
desirable, as it helps to fill a mold.
• Brittle, but less so than cast iron.
• Upon exposure to air, bronze oxidizes, but only on its outer layer. This patina
consists of copper oxide, which eventually becomes copper carbonate. The
oxide layer protects the interior metal from further corrosion. However, if
chlorides are present (as from seawater), copper chlorides form, which can
Uses of bronze
• Bronze is used in architecture for structural and design elements, for bearings
because of its friction properties, and as phosphor bronze in musical
instruments, electrical contacts, and ship propellers. Aluminum bronze is used
to make machine tools and some bearings.
• Bronze has been used to make coins. Most "copper" coins are actually bronze,
consisting of copper with 4% tin and 1% zinc.
ALUMINIUM
Properties of ALUMINIUM
Uses of Aluminium
2. Due to its light weight and high tensile strength it is used in the structural work
of aeroplanes, ships, trains, buses, trucks, etc
Alloys of Aluminium
• Aluminium alloys (or aluminum alloys; see spelling differences) are alloys in
which aluminium (Al) is the predominant metal. The typical alloying elements
are copper, magnesium, manganese, silicon, tin and zinc.
1. Duralium.
2. Y-Alloy.
3. Hindalium.
4. Magnalium.
1.Duralium
• Its compositions
1. Copper-3.5 to 4.5%
2. Manganese-0.4 to 0.7%
• These alloys posseses high strength maximum strength after heat treatment
and age hardening(spontaneous hardening of a metal which occurs if it is
quenched/sudden cooled and then stored at ambient temperature or treated
with mild heat).
• Due to its high strength and light weight,this alloy may be used in automobile
and aircraft components.
2.Y-Alloy
• Its compositions
1. Copper-3.5 to 4.5%
2. Manganese-1.2to 1.7%
4. Magnesium,silicon,iron-0.6%
5. Remaining aluminium
• This alloy is heat treated and age hardened like duralium.the age hardening is
carried out for 5 days.
• These alloy have better strength than duralium these are more used in aircraft
engines for cylinder head and pistons.
3.HINDALIUM