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Learning Module in Science 9: Subject Teacher WEEK 6, Quarter 1 Topic

This learning module covers the topic of heredity and genetic variation. It will teach students about Mendelian patterns of inheritance, including monohybrid crosses using Punnett squares. Key terms defined include genetics, heredity, traits, DNA, chromosomes, and alleles. Students will learn about Gregor Mendel's experiments with garden peas and how he established the laws of inheritance. The module aims to explain how traits are passed from parents to offspring and the differences between dominant and recessive alleles.

Uploaded by

Joanna Rose Delgado
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
78 views

Learning Module in Science 9: Subject Teacher WEEK 6, Quarter 1 Topic

This learning module covers the topic of heredity and genetic variation. It will teach students about Mendelian patterns of inheritance, including monohybrid crosses using Punnett squares. Key terms defined include genetics, heredity, traits, DNA, chromosomes, and alleles. Students will learn about Gregor Mendel's experiments with garden peas and how he established the laws of inheritance. The module aims to explain how traits are passed from parents to offspring and the differences between dominant and recessive alleles.

Uploaded by

Joanna Rose Delgado
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LEARNING MODULE IN SCIENCE 9

SUBJECT TEACHER Ms. Joanna Rose B. Delgado


WEEK 6, Quarter 1 August 30-September 4, 2021
TOPIC Heredity: Inheritance and Variation
1. Appreciate similarities and differences among organisms
2. Differentiate nature from nurture
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 3. Use the laws of Mendel to illustrate the mechanism of
heredity
4. Perform a monohybrid cross using the Punnett square
MODULE CONTENT
OVERVIEW
In Grade 8, you learned that cells divide to produce new cells and meiosis is one of the
processes producing genetic variations in Mendelian patterns of inheritance. In Grade 9, you will
focus on describing the location of genes in chromosomes, explain the different patterns of non-
Mendelian inheritance and describe the molecular structure of the DNA.

In this module, you should be able to answer the following questions:

 Why are there variations in organisms produced by the same parents?


 How and when did humans know that traits are inherited from parents?
 Why do we use pure-breeding organisms to study genetic inheritance?

KEY TERMS:
 Genetics – it is a branch of biology that studies hereditary information.
 Heredity – it refers to the passing of characteristics (e.g., eye color, height, texture of hair,
shape of earlobes, and skin color) from parents to offspring.
 Traits – these are observable characteristics determined by specific segment of DNA called
genes.
 DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)- it is a double helix molecule, the thin strands of which are
twisted around each other like a twisted ladder.
 Chromosomes - is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an
organism.
 Mendelian Genetics – refers to patterns of inheritance that are characteristic of organisms
that reproduce sexually. 
 Molecular Genetics – it deals with the chemical nature of the gene, the mechanisms of
transmission, and its varied applications.
 Population Genetics – it focuses on the behavior of a particular gene in group of organisms
and how gene frequency is affected by environmental factors.
Can you identify the similar and/or different characteristics exhibited by the three siblings with
their parents? (Figure1)

Genetics Studies Similarities and Differences


People have always been fascinated at how children will resemble their parents and
vice versa. It is common to find a bit of every trait from both parents. The shape of the eyes
perhaps may come from the father while the shape of the eyebrow from the mother. As
years went by, scientists began to search for more information on how these traits were
passed on. The passing of traits from parents to offspring is heredity and the science that
deals with the study of heredity is genetics. The family in the picture (figure 1) shows how some
traits of the parents blend with the traits of the offspring. Can you name some of the traits?

Nature vs Nurture

LAWS OF MENDEL
The scientific study of heredity started with the experiments of the Austrian priest Gregor
Johann Mendel. Mendel bred different varieties of garden peas and cross-pollinated flowers that
had clearly different forms of traits.
 Alleles – it is one of two or more versions of a gene.

The garden pea is an ideal subject for the study of genetics because of the
following reasons:
 Presence of observable traits with contrasting forms
 Produces many offspring in one cross
 Short life cycle

MONOHYBRID INHERITANCE
In Mendel’s initial experiments, he cross-pollinated garden peas with contrasting expressions.
Inheritance involving one pair of contrasting characters (alleles) is called monohybrid inheritance.
Mendel crossed two pure-breeding garden peas, one with a purple flower, the other with a white
flower. This type of cross is called monohybrid cross. Pure-breeding plants produce only one form
of a particular trait when they self-fertilize. These pure-breeding plants served as the parental
generation in Mendel’s experiments. The parental generation (represented as P) are the first two
organisms that are crossed in a breeding experiment.

A schematic diagram of the monohybrid cross performed by


Mendel.for the observed trait.
 Genotype – it is the gene that is responsible
 Phenotype- it is the observable expressions of the trait.
 Dominant Allele – it is a variation of a gene that will produce a certain phenotype, even in
the presence of other alleles.
 Recessive Allele- it does not determine the phenotype when a dominant allele for the same
trait is present.
 Homozygous Dominant – two identical alleles of a particular genes.
 Heterozygous Dominant – two different alleles of a particular genes.

MONOHYBRID INHERITANCE using PUNNETT SQUARE

What is the use of a Punnett Square?


 The Punnett square is a square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular
cross or breeding experiment.
 It is named after Reginald C. Punnett, who devised the approach in 1905. 
ASSESSMENT
Quiz via Google Form
ASSIGNMENT
Answer Critical Thinking (item#2) and Essential Questions (item #6,7,9,10,11,12, and 13) from
your ebook, Exploring Life Through Science Series. Pages82-83
Note: Type your answer in MS Word. To be submitted until September 5, 2021 @11:59pm only.
Attach your file on your Google Drive.
Follow the instruction below:
Font Style: Calibri (Body) Font Size: 12 Paper Size: Long Bond Paper

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