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Module 1 Week 1 (Functions and Relations)

1. The document discusses functions and their representations. It defines functions as rules of correspondence between two sets where each element of the first set maps to exactly one element in the second set. 2. Functions can be represented using ordered pairs, mapping diagrams, and graphs. The vertical line test can determine if a graph represents a function. 3. Evaluating functions involves substituting input values into the function rule and simplifying to obtain the corresponding output. Piecewise functions are made up of different pieces defined on subdomains of the domain.

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Bredgette Regala
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
466 views

Module 1 Week 1 (Functions and Relations)

1. The document discusses functions and their representations. It defines functions as rules of correspondence between two sets where each element of the first set maps to exactly one element in the second set. 2. Functions can be represented using ordered pairs, mapping diagrams, and graphs. The vertical line test can determine if a graph represents a function. 3. Evaluating functions involves substituting input values into the function rule and simplifying to obtain the corresponding output. Piecewise functions are made up of different pieces defined on subdomains of the domain.

Uploaded by

Bredgette Regala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COLLEGE OF SAINT JOHN PAUL (II)

ARTS AND SCIENCES


College of Arts and Sciences

Lesson 1: Functions
Lesson 1.1 Representing functions
Lesson 1.2 Evaluating functions

Learning Objectives:

At the end of the learning episode, you are expected to:


1. Represents real life situations using functions, including piece wise functions
2. Evaluates function

LESSON 1.1 REPRESENTING FUNCTIONS

Relation
A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called Domain) to a second set
of values (called Range)
• All functions are relation, but not all relations are function.

Function
Is a rule of correspondence between two nonempty sets, such that, to each element of the
first set called domain, there corresponds one and only one element of the second set called
range.
In many situations in science, business and mathematics, a correspondence exists between two
sets. The notion of correspondence occur frequently in everyday life.
Example:
- A weekly salary is a function of the hourly pay rate and the number of hours worked.
- to each person there corresponds a height.
- To each book in the library there correspond a number of pages in the book.
- The user puts in money, punches a specific button, and a specific item drops into the output
slot. (The function rule is the product price. The input is the
money combined with the selected button. The output is the product, sometimes delivered along
with coins in change, if the user has entered more money than required by the function rule.)
• Relate an input to an output

Output Name of the Input


function

These real life situations show that the quantity depends on, or corresponds to another quantity.
Moreover, these situations incorporate three elements – a set of inputs, a function rule or rule of
correspondence and a set of outputs.
COLLEGE OF SAINT JOHN PAUL (II)
ARTS AND SCIENCES
College of Arts and Sciences

Domain (x) Range (y)


Function rule
(Set of inputs) (Rule of correspondence) (Set of outputs)

Illustration of Function
1. Set of ordered Pair
2. Mapping or arrow Diagram
3. Graphing

1. Set of Ordered Pair

• { ( 1,2 ) , ( 2,3 ) , ( 4,8 ) }


• { ( 3,2 ) , ( 4,2 ) , ( 5 ,−1 ) }
• { ( x1 , y 1 ) , ( x 2 , y 2 ) , ( x 3 , y 3 ) }
2. Mapping or Arrow diagram

r(x) (One to many) is not a function because the set of input ( x 2) has multiple set of outputs
( y 1∧ y 2 ).

3. Graphing
Vertical Line Tests - you can identify if the graph is a function, when you draw a vertical line
and it passes only on one (1) point.
Example:
The line passes the line The line passes on two
points. Therefore it is
only on one point. not a function.
Therefore it is a
function
COLLEGE OF SAINT JOHN PAUL (II)
ARTS AND SCIENCES
College of Arts and Sciences

LESSON 1.2 EVALUATING FUNCTION


The value of the dependent variable y=f ( x ) that corresponds to a specific value of an
independent variable x is found by substituting x into the function rule, then, simplifying the
resulting expression.
Example 1: Evaluate the function f ( x )=x 2 +3 x−2 for each replacement value of.
a. -3 b. 0 c. 2 d. 3
Solution:
a. Ifx = -3 , then
b. Ifx = 0 , then
f ( x )=x 2 +3 x−2
2 f ( x )=x 2 +3 x−2
f (−3 )=(−3 ) +3 (−3 ) −2 2
f ( 0 )=( 0 ) +3 ( 0 ) −2
¿ 9+ (−9 )−2
¿ 0+ ( 0 )−2
¿−2
¿−2

c. Ifx = 2 , then d. Ifx = 3 , then


f ( x )=x 2 +3 x−2 f ( x )=x 2 +3 x−2
2 2
f ( 2 ) =( 2 ) +3 ( 2 ) −2 f ( 3 )=( 3 ) +3 ( 3 )−2
¿ 4 + ( 6 ) −2 ¿ 9+ 9−2
¿8 ¿ 16

PIECEWISE Function
We can create a function that behaves differently based on the input (x) value.
A Function that is made up of three pieces

Floor function - is a special type of piece wise function, it has infinite number of pieces.

The table below shows the PHILPOST rates for sending printed materials.
Weight price
20 g and below ₱14
More than 20g but not over 50g ₱32
More than 50 g but not more than 100 g ₱54
COLLEGE OF SAINT JOHN PAUL (II)
ARTS AND SCIENCES
College of Arts and Sciences

More than 100 g but not over 250 g ₱132


More than 250 g but not over 500 g ₱263
More than 500 g but not over 1 000 g ₱525
The graph shows the table above.

Example of
Piece – wise
function

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